Rowan structure. Red rowan: beneficial properties, contraindications, best recipes. Medicinal properties of red rowan fruits and flowers

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On my blog, I try to provide seasonal recipes. Now the season for rowan is approaching. Perhaps there is still some time to take a closer look at everything and apply everything for your health. Today we'll talk about red rowan.

We have such a beauty growing in our dacha. And everything is strewn with berries. Such a miracle. We collect some of the berries, and leave some for the birds. And when waxwings arrive and happily eat these berries, it is both beautiful and very touching.

Surprisingly, we often don’t appreciate what’s nearby and stop noticing it. But in vain. Previously, it was believed that rowan brings happiness to the house and protects it from evil. That's why people planted it next to their homes. And if she wasted away for no apparent reason, it was a bad sign. Do you remember rowan beads from childhood? I don’t know about you, but we made these.

We already had snow the other day. Frost on the nose. It is precisely after them that it is best to collect it. The pleasant bitter taste of red rowan is tasty and healthy.

I really liked it the legend of the mountain ash . I would like to invite you to read it too.

One day, the daughter of a rich merchant fell in love with a simple guy, but her father did not want to hear about such a poor groom. To save his family from shame, he decided to resort to the help of a sorcerer. His daughter accidentally found out about this, and the girl decided to run away from her home.

On a dark and rainy night, she hurried to the river bank to the meeting place with her beloved. At the same hour the sorcerer also left the house. But the guy noticed the sorcerer. In order to take the danger away from the girl, the brave young man rushed into the water.

The sorcerer waited until he swam across the river and waved his magic staff when the young man was already climbing out to the shore. Then lightning flashed, thunder struck, and the guy turned into an oak tree. All this happened in front of the girl, who was a little late to the meeting place because of the rain. And the girl also remained standing on the shore.

Her slender figure became the trunk of a rowan tree, and her arms—branches—stretched out towards her beloved. In the spring she puts on a white outfit, and in the fall she sheds red tears into the water, sad that “the river is wide, you cannot cross, the river is deep, but you cannot drown.”

So they stand on different banks loving friend friend of the lonely tree. Do you remember the words from the song: “And a rowan tree cannot move to an oak tree, apparently, an orphan can swing alone for centuries”?

This is such a legend. Like all legends, a little sad. Bitter fire of love...

After such sadness, let's talk about the benefits of rowan and how it can be used for our health. If you don’t have your own rowan tree, just get out of town, away from the highway, find a rowan tree and pick some berries. A combination of pleasant relaxation and the preparation of useful things for the whole family.

...A stormy day is warmed by rowan tree breath,
And a scarlet beacon is burning in my window...

Inna Rodozinskaya.

Useful properties of rowan:

• Rowan is famous, first of all, for its vitamin content. It contains more vitamin C than lemons.
• Rowan is rich in microelements. Such as manganese, zinc, potassium, iron, magnesium, copper and some others. There is 4 times more iron in rowan than in apples.
• Activates metabolism and energy in tissues, so it is very good to use it for people after serious illnesses.
• Used for vitamin deficiencies.
• It is excellent to use rowan for anemia. Especially if combined with nettle. Rowan activates the action of nettle.
• Excellent for our vessels.
• Strengthens the heart. It is especially good to use for disorders of blood microcirculation.
• Treats the liver and stomach. It protects the liver from damage.
• Has a diuretic, choleretic effect.
• Mild laxative.
• Hemostatic agent.
• Suppresses gas formation in the intestines.
• Inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
• Rowan is excellent for the prevention of all fungal diseases, including thrush.
• Reduces blood cholesterol levels.
• Rowan is useful for all diabetics.
• Widely used in cosmetology. Smoothes wrinkles, rejuvenates facial skin.

Here video material about the beneficial properties of rowan:

Red rowan. Contraindications.

Increased stomach acidity. Stomach ulcer. Increased blood clotting. Tendency to thrombophlebitis. Use with caution in pregnant women.

How to use rowan? Use of red rowan.

Once again, it is best to pick berries after the first frost. Can be used in its usual form, in the form of juice, preparations for the winter, aromatic tea, decoctions, dried berries, pampered yourself and made masks.

How to dry berries?

Peel the berries themselves from the branches, sort them all out, wash them, and lay them out in an even layer on paper (but not newspaper) or a towel. It’s great if you have a berry dryer - the most ideal option. During the drying process, they must be stirred periodically to prevent mold. All beneficial features Rowan berries are stored for 2 years.

After drying, the berries need to be sorted again. All blackened berries are needed
delete. Then put everything into a wooden or glass container and cover with a lid. Store at room temperature. Or dry the berries in the oven.

Application. Treatment with red rowan.

For treatment, you can use berries, bark, flowers, and leaves. But rowan berries are most often used.

It is best to use raw berries. I always write that all vitamins are always preserved in their raw form. The longer the mountain ash lies in the cold, the better.

One of the most simple ways prepare red rowan for future use - pass through a meat grinder and add the same amount of granulated sugar. Place everything in jars. Keep refrigerated. You can then add it to tea and simply take it like vitamins.

For gastritis with low acidity - drink 1 teaspoon of fresh berry juice before meals.

Rowan, like mild laxative . This recipe can also be used to cleanse the intestines. Take 50-70 grams of rowan juice three times a day before meals. You can add honey here.

For intestinal problems It’s very good to use this recipe: pass the rowan through a meat grinder, add sugar (half the volume of rowan). Take 1 tablespoon three times a day with water. This recipe treats persistent constipation.

To strengthen the immune system, as a multivitamin for anemia - pour 1 teaspoon of rowan fruit with 2 cups of boiling water. Leave for about an hour. You can add honey or sugar. Drink everything during the day.

Rowan juice. You can make juice from the berries and store it for the winter.

Rowan juice for the winter.

To do this, remove the berries from the branches, rinse, blanch for 3 minutes in boiling water and rub through a sieve. Prepare 20% sugar syrup using the water in which you blanched the berries. Combine it with the mass, heat to 85 degrees and pour into sterilized jars and roll up.

To increase stomach acidity, for problems with gallbladder : - take 1 tsp. rowan juice half an hour before meals.

For gargling . Dissolve 1 tsp. a spoonful of rowan juice in a glass of water. Rinsing is best done 3-5 times a day.

Rowan tea.

Pour 1 tablespoon of berries into a glass of hot water (not boiling water!). Leave for 20 minutes, drink with honey. You can add rose hips here. I really like making this tea with him. Take half a tablespoon of everything, brew in a half-liter thermos, leave for a couple of hours and drink throughout the day. Can also be done with honey.

If you have an intestinal disorder, drink a cup of this tea 2-3 times a day.

I always have a creative approach to teas like this. I look at what I have and what my body wants in this moment. Here you can add currants, raspberries, hawthorn, and blueberries. Moreover, both fruits and leaves.

For toxicosis.

Just eat the berries a little at a time or grind them with honey.

For headaches, blood pressure, insomnia.

Eat 10 rowan berries every day. Believe me, problems go away.

1 tsp Mash the rowan berries with a spoon, pour 1 glass of warm boiled water over everything. Leave for 6-8 hours. Do not strain. Drink everything during the day. Repeat this intestinal cleansing procedure for several days.

For warts:

Wipe warts with rowan juice regularly for at least a week or two. You can break the berry and attach it with an adhesive plaster.

For problems with the gallbladder: take 1 teaspoon of red rowan juice 3 times a day before meals.

Rowan jam:

You can also make rowan jam. For those who want taste and a little nutrition. I still always say that when jamming, some of the most beneficial properties of the berries are lost.

Recipe: Wash the rowan berries, blanch them for five minutes and drain them in a colander. Then dip the berries in hot syrup, let sit for about 6 hours, bring to a boil over low heat, and simmer for about 15 minutes over very low heat. Repeat everything 2-4 times. Place everything in sterilized jars. The proportions are as follows: rowan berries - 1 kg, 1.5 kg of sugar and 3 glasses of water.

Rejuvenating face mask.

1. Take a handful of rowan, pound it with a mortar, add a little honey. If the mass seems dry to you, you can add a little warm water. Apply this mask to the face, neck, and décolleté area. Leave everything for half an hour. Then rinse off first with warm, then cool water. It is better to carry out such masks in courses. Every day for two weeks.
2. You can also mash the berries and add a little sour cream. Apply to face for 20 minutes. Rinse with warm, then cool water. Very good food for skin.

Well, everyone has probably heard about rowan tincture in cognac since our Soviet times. This is probably not bad, but I am for a healthier approach, so I will not advertise this recipe.

Mountain ash
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plants
Department:	Flowering plants
Class:	Dicotyledons
Order:	Rosaceae
Family:
Subfamily:	Plum
Tribe:	Apple
Genus:
View:	Mountain ash
International scientific name
Sorbus aucuparia L., 1753
Species in taxonomic databases

Mountain ash(lat. Sorbus aucuparia) is a deciduous tree of the rose family ( Rosaceae).

Description

Botanical illustration from the book by O. V. Tome Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885

Inflorescence

Inferiority

Fruit trees

Tree 4-15 (sometimes up to 20) m high with an ovoid crown and a superficial root system. Young branches are fluffy, with gray smooth bark, later grayish-white. Leaves are alternate, 10-20 cm long, lanceolate in outline, with 10-15 leaflets; leaflets are 3-5 cm long, 1-15 cm wide, from oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually entire in the lower part, serrate in the upper part, matte green above, glaucous or grayish below. Young leaves are pubescent at the base, later ones are bare.

Dense corymbose inflorescences are located at the ends of shortened shoots, 5-10 cm in diameter, pubescent, less often glabrous. The flowers are white or pinkish, 8-15 mm in diameter, with an unpleasant trimethylamine odor, reminiscent of horse manure. The calyx is first pubescent, then glabrous, the sepals are ciliated; petals are 4-5 mm long, rounded, pubescent on top. The fruits are almost spherical, about 1 cm (usually no more than 1.5 cm) in diameter, orange-red or bright red, juicy. The seeds are usually 3 in number, narrow-oblong, sharp at the ends, and reddish.

Chemical composition

Sorbic acid glycoside (up to 0.8%) gives bitterness to fruits. At the first frost, the glycoside is destroyed, and the rowan becomes sweeter. When the glycoside breaks down in fruits, the level of sorbic acid increases; such fruits can be stored without any processing. Amygdalin and fatty oil(up to 22%); in leaves - about 200 mg% ascorbic acid, flavonoids; in flowers - quercitrin and spireoside; in the bark there are tannins.

Spreading

The range covers Western Europe, Asia Minor, the mountains of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and North Africa. In Russia, distributed in the European part, Crimea, the Caucasus, Far East, Kamchatka, Siberia, Amur region.

It is often found in all natural and administrative regions of the Saratov Right Bank. In the Rtishchevsky district, it was noted in the green spaces of the city of Rtishchevo, as well as in the plantings of the former nursery of the South-Eastern Railway.

Features of biology and ecology

It grows in the undergrowth of forests of various compositions, often spruce, growing on the edges, clearings and cutting areas, less often among meadows, also in rocky or stony places, along cliffs of river banks.

It grows quickly, growing by 0.5 m in one year.

Blooms in May - June, fruits ripen in September - October; the berries, unless eaten by birds, usually remain on the trees until late winter. It bears fruit annually from 5-7 years of age. A good harvest of rowan is usually observed once every 1-3 years, the largest yield is from 35-40 years. One tree can produce up to 80-100 kg of fruit. With a lack of light, it develops poorly and bears almost no fruit. Propagated by seeds and root suckers. Lives up to 200 years.

Economic importance and application

It has long been used as a fruit and medicinal plant, as well as an ornamental one, having pyramidal and weeping forms.

In medicine

The bark exhibits antibacterial activity. A decoction of it is used for hypertension. Branches in folk medicine - for rheumatism.

An infusion and decoction of flowers is used for diseases of the liver, kidneys and urinary tract, organs gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, hemorrhoids, colds, coughs. Used in gynecology. In addition, the decoction is used for goiter. An infusion of flowers and fruits is used as a diaphoretic for colds.

A decoction of leaves and fruits is used in folk medicine for scurvy, general weakness (after serious illnesses, operations), and vitamin deficiencies.

The fruits are allowed in medical practice for hypovitaminosis. In India they are used for scurvy, hemorrhoids, and liver diseases. In folk medicine as a diuretic, laxative, hemostatic, vitamin, contraceptive, antidysenteric; for dysmenorrhea, malignant tumors. Infusion (orally) - for gastritis with low acidity of gastric juice, hemorrhoids, kidney disease, liver disease, atherosclerosis, bleeding; decoction (inside) - for hypovitaminosis, general weakness. In Western European countries - for liver diseases, kidney diseases, ascites, diarrhea, rheumatism, metabolic disorders, hypovitaminosis, whooping cough, throat diseases, glaucoma; externally - as a wound healing agent. Juice - for anemia, asthenia, gout, hemorrhoids, malignant tumors, low acidity of gastric juice, gastritis, hypertension, vitamin deficiency, glaucoma, whooping cough, dysmenorrhea, liver and kidney diseases, ascites, atherosclerosis. Syrup - for rheumatism, kidney stones, bladder stones, salt metabolism disorders.

Rowan fruits are included in vitamin and multivitamin preparations.

In other areas

Rowan honey

Rowan is highly valued as an ornamental plant, and therefore it is often used in garden and park construction. It is also used in forest reclamation, snow protection and windproof plantings.

The wood is suitable for carpentry, turning, furniture making, and for making musical instruments.

The bark colors the tissues in red-brown tones, and the branches black. The leaves give a brown color.

The buds have an insecticidal and raticidal effect. The fruits are used in veterinary medicine - for diarrhea in calves.

It is a good honey plant. Provides bees with a significant amount of nectar and pollen in the spring, during the period of low feeding. Sometimes the flowering of rowan coincides with the onset of temporary cold weather, and then the flowers are not visited by bees. The honey is coarse-grained, has a reddish tint and a strong, unique aroma. The total honey productivity under favorable conditions is about 30-40 kg per 1 hectare of planting.

Forage plant. Fruit yield - up to 2.5 t/ha. Edible in fresh and processed form, used in the confectionery industry. They are used fresh and for making juices, jams, jams, candied fruits, in pureed form along with sea buckthorn and apples. They make filling for sweets, and also make kvass, tincture, rowan vodka and cognac. Dried - a substitute for tea. They can serve as raw materials for the preparation of vitamin preparations. From the fruits you can make sorbitol, which replaces sugar. The fatty oil contained in the seeds is suitable for food and has a pleasant taste.

Cultivated. It is characterized by high cold and drought resistance. In this regard, it is used in breeding work when breeding cold-resistant and drought-resistant pome varieties. fruit plants. There are large-fruited and dessert varieties bred by I.V. Michurin and other breeders.

IN folk calendar There is a Peter-Paul day, which falls at the end of September - the time of ripening of rowan berries. On this day, branches with fruits were tied into bunches and hung under the roofs of houses. This custom is associated with the idea of ​​rowan as a tree that can protect a person from all sorts of troubles. It was widespread not only in Russia, but also in Western Europe, Baltic states. Rowan branches were used to decorate not only living quarters, but also barns and gates; even rowan branches were stuck at the edge of each field.

In central Russia, rowan was used in wedding ceremonies. Its leaves were placed in the shoes of newlyweds, the fruits were hidden in the pockets of their clothes - all this for protection from sorcerers and witches. In addition, rowan is a symbol and guarantee of happiness and peace in the family, so they tried to plant rowan near the house.

Literature

• Glukhov M. M. Honey plants. Ed. 7th, revised and additional - M.: Kolos, 1974. - S. 203-204
• Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and prospects for introduction / Ed. in 6 volumes. T. III. Angiosperms: family Trochodendronaceae - Rosaceae. - M., Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1954. - P. 465-466
• Elenevsky A. G., Radygina V. I., Bulany Yu. I. Plants of the Saratov Right Bank (flora summary). - Saratov: Publishing house Sarat. pedin-ta, 2000. - ISBN 5-87077-047-5. - P. 38
• Universal encyclopedia medicinal plants/ Comp. I. Putyrsky, V. Prokhorov. - Mn.: Book House; M.: Makhaon, 2000. - P. 250-252
• Flora of central Russia: Atlas-determinant / Kiseleva K.V., Mayorov S.R., Novikov V.S. Ed. prof. V. S. Novikova. - M.: Fiton+ CJSC, 2010. - P. 302

Flora and fauna of the Rtishchevsky district
Flora of Rtishchevsky district
Mushrooms of the Rtishchevsky district
Fauna of Rtishchevsky district	Invertebrates Vertebrates Paleofauna
Red Data Book of the Saratov Region

Rtishchevo and Rtishchevsky district in topics
Symbols and awards
People of the city and region
Administrative territorial division

The curly rowan tree can be found not only in the forest, but also in metropolitan areas. Varietal varieties of this crop are grown to decorate gardens, parks, squares and for harvesting. In autumn, a fiery fire of flaming leaves and berries flares up, which will decorate the branches all winter. The fruits are a favorite food of wild birds, but this product also brings great benefits to humans. Our ancestors revered the tree, classifying it as sacred. And now red rowan, beneficial properties and contraindications, which are discussed in this article, gives people health. To take advantage of this valuable gift of nature, we invite you to learn how to properly prepare and use various products, store collected raw materials and grow crops in the garden.

Red rowan - description, photo

Since ancient times, the graceful figure of the mountain ash has been compared to a girl’s figure, so the tree is considered feminine. There are many different legends, beliefs and signs associated with it. It is believed that a girl mourning her dead lover turned into a stately beauty - a mountain ash. Every autumn she sheds scarlet tears onto the fallen snow, like drops of blood shed for unquenchable love.

Ancestors revered the tree, believing that it could protect against evil and give good health. It was forbidden to just pick flowers, leaves, branches and fruits; they always asked for forgiveness and explained to nature why the raw materials were being collected. And they collected the harvest for making sweets and healing; they made wreaths and bouquets for brides from the branches, and used them in ritual ceremonies. It was believed that rowan growing near the house would protect the home from fires, evil forces, and witchcraft.

This is interesting! An old belief says: if nature took care of the birds and gave them a rich harvest of rowan berries, there will be a harsh winter. With modern climate change You shouldn’t trust omens entirely.

Sorbus aucuparia is the Latin name of a genus of trees or shrubs belonging to the rose family. The range of the genus covers vast territories; mountain ash is widespread throughout the temperate climate zone. Mountainous terrain transforms the plant, turning it into a shrub. The bright beauty prefers to grow alone in clearings and edges of coniferous forests. Incredible winter hardiness and the ability to tolerate shading endowed the plant with a persistent character, and its adaptability to different conditions existence allowed it to spread throughout the world.

The trees reach a height of 5 to 10 meters, and taller specimens are also found. The crown seems openwork due to the carved foliage, the shape of the crown is round. The skeletal shoots of adult individuals are covered with light grayish-brown bark with a glossy sheen. The young shoots have branches that are edged and have a reddish tint. The buds of the plant are also pubescent.

Know! Modern travelers and fishermen still use an ancient technique - they disinfect the water by dipping a sprig of rowan into it, as our ancestors did when going to work in the fields or mowing.

The leaf consisting of 7-15 elongated lanceolate lobes is especially beautiful. The length of the plate is up to 20 cm, the arrangement is regular. The lobes are unpaired, pinnately compound, with serrated serrations in the upper part. The upper part of the blades is green, matte; the leaves below appear paler due to the white edge. The autumn outfit of the forest beauty is beautiful - the foliage flares up like a fire, about which Sergei Yesenin wrote “it cannot warm anyone.” The leaves first turn yellow, and then acquire shades from orange to crimson.

At the end of spring or beginning of summer, the rowan shoots are densely covered with snow-white corymbose inflorescences, making them look like a bride. The corolla consists of five petals and reaches a diameter of 8-15 mm. Flowering is accompanied by the release of trimethylamine, a gaseous substance with an unpleasant odor of ammonia or herring.

You will be surprised, but the fruit of the plant is an apple, because the closest relatives of the crop are apple and pear trees. Tiny apples reach a diameter of 10 mm and ripen by early autumn. There are small seeds inside the apple. It is customary to eat the harvest only after good frosts, when some of the bitterness has evaporated. The color of the berries is not only red; varietal varieties produce an orange and yellowish harvest.

On a note! Rowan is an unpretentious crop that remains decorative throughout the season. Breeders have developed a lot of fruit varieties and garden forms.

Nature endowed the tree with a bitter harvest, but at the beginning of the 19th century several mutational forms were discovered that lacked bitterness in taste. On their basis, valuable fruit varieties were bred - Nevezhinskaya, Kubovaya, Rozina, Sorbinka, Businka, Granatnaya, Burka. Beautiful decorative garden forms are the low-growing Nana, Pyramidalis with a high pyramidal crown, Pendula with drooping branches, as well as variegated (variegated) cultivars.

In spring, the crop produces nectar, from which bees make coarse honey with a thick fragrance and a reddish tint. Animals are fed with apples and green leaves, and luxury furniture is made from wood. For culinary purposes, the harvest of fruit varieties is used, but you can easily prepare healthy nectar, jam, marmalade, bitters, and natural sweets from forest beauty apples.

Chemical composition, nutritional value of red rowan

The beneficial properties of tiny red apples are due to their rich chemical composition:

1. The fruit contains about 5% sugars, but the content of sorbitol and sorbose, used as sugar substitutes, makes the product accessible to diabetics.
2. Organic acids – tartaric, malic, citric, succinic. Improve metabolism and have a beneficial effect on digestion.
3. Amino acids are the building blocks of all body systems.
4. Tannins and bitterness improve appetite and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Pectins, dietary fiber - remove waste and toxins, improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
6. Flavonoids and phytoncides protect the immune system and have a bactericidal effect.
7. Carotene, vitamin E - antioxidants, have a beneficial effect on the organs of vision, skin, bone tissue, rejuvenate, stimulate the growth of new cells.
8. B vitamins – soothing nervous system, participate in metabolic processes, cleanse and strengthen blood vessels, remove cholesterol, stimulate the functioning of the endocrine glands.
9. Srbic acid is a natural preservative that prevents the development of pathogenic microflora.
10. Ascorbic acid – strengthens blood vessels, stimulates the immune system.
11. Microelements – Mn, Cu, K, Zn, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe, P, Cu. They are necessary for the body for the normal functioning of all systems.

Know! Tiny apples contain more vitamin C than lemons and iron than regular apples.

100 g of berries contain only 50 kcal. The protein content is 1.4 g, fat 0.2 g, and carbohydrates 8.2 g. The product contains the most water - 81.1 g and healthy dietary fiber - 5.4 g. In terms of the amount of microelements, beta-carotene and vitamin A are in first place; magnesium, vitamin C, iron. The magnesium content in just 100 g of product corresponds to 82.8% of the daily value.

Useful and healing properties

Let's consider the beneficial and healing properties of the gift of autumn:

1. Prevention of vitamin deficiency. The amount of vitamins and microelements in the product makes it indispensable for normalizing the body’s immune functions.
2. Regulating metabolism, maintaining energy balance. This is especially important for a person exhausted by a serious illness.
3. Prevention and treatment of anemia.
4. Strengthens blood vessels, improves microcirculation of blood flow.
5. It has a powerful hepatoprotective effect and restores liver cells.
6. Suppresses fermentation processes, destroys pathogenic microflora. This property is equally good for treating intestinal infections and protecting home preserves.
7. Has a diuretic effect, due to which it reduces arterial pressure, toxic substances are removed, swelling disappears.
8. Oncoprotective effect - prevents the development of cancer cells.
9. Laxative. Thanks to dietary fiber, it improves the functioning of the lower intestine.
10. Helps restore the secretory function of the stomach with low acidity.
11. Accelerates the process of blood clotting and heals wounds.
12. Reduces cholesterol levels, prevents the formation of plaques on the walls of blood vessels.
13. Eliminates fungi of various origins.
14. Normalizes metabolism and the functioning of the endocrine system, relieves inflammation, strengthens the immune system - thanks to these properties it is used in diabetic diets, helps treat atherosclerosis and rheumatism.
15. Calms the nervous system, improves sleep, relieves stress.
16. Rejuvenates skin and hair, has a beneficial effect on bone tissue, and is used for cosmetic purposes.

On a note! In folk medicine, all parts of the plant can be used. Official medicine recognized only the beneficial qualities of the crop. You can buy dried raw materials at any pharmacy.

Use in folk medicine: treatment with red rowan, recipes

All parts of the forest healer bring to the human body benefit. In folk medicine, fresh harvest, juice, infusions, decoctions, and alcohol tincture are used. First of all, the listed drugs enrich the body with vitamins and minerals. Each product has specific preparation and dosage regimens. various diseases. Let's consider the most popular recipes that are recommended by traditional healers.

Herbal remedy for colds and flu

Various herbal mixtures, including berries, are suitable for the prevention and treatment of colds. Infusions and decoctions are prepared from them. To prepare a decoction for colds, take:

• dried or fresh raw materials (berries);
• dried nettle leaves.

The ratio of components in this recipe is 7:3. Mix the prepared ingredients, take a tablespoon of the prepared mixture and pour 400 ml of hot water. Boil for 1-2 minutes, leave for four hours. Drink the prepared broth half a glass 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks.

Cough lozenges

A folk recipe will allow you to prepare excellent tablets for coughs and sore throats. The anti-inflammatory effect will relieve symptoms, and the bactericidal properties will destroy pathogenic microflora in the pharynx.

Take a few ripe bunches, wash them, sort them. Grind the fruits and add twice the volume of water. Evaporate in a water bath for 6 hours, then strain the liquid from the cake and seeds. Continue evaporating until the mixture thickens. When the base has cooled, form the tablets. Dissolve the medicine slowly by swallowing saliva.

On a note! This home remedy is not inferior in effectiveness to pharmaceutical drugs, but does not contain harmful components, sugar, or dyes.

Herbal collection for dysbacteriosis

Digestive disorders can unsettle you for a long time. If dyspepsia is associated with a violation of the intestinal microflora, use a proven infusion recipe. You will need not only the fruits, but also the flowers of the tree, as well as the root of the common calamus. Mix three parts of rowan raw material with one part of the root. Pour a tablespoon of the mixture into a glass cold water. The mixture should stand for an hour, then it is brought to a boil and removed from the stove. Drink half a glass of the warm infusion before meals until the unpleasant phenomena completely disappear.

Healing syrup for liver diseases

The powerful hepatoprotective effect is fully reflected in the healing syrup. To make the drug you will need 5 kg of freshly harvested crops, from which the juice should be squeezed. Combine two glasses of liquid and the same amount of sugar, simmer over low heat until syrup is obtained. It is enough to boil the mixture twice over low heat for 20 minutes. Pour into a dark bottle and put in the refrigerator.

The drug is used by diluting a small amount with warm water. After drinking a glass of warm solution, lie down on your right side. After 2 hours of rest, the discomfort in the liver area will disappear.

Recipe for constipation

The harvest is rich in fiber, dietary fiber and pectin, so it will help improve intestinal function. To normalize stool, turn the berries into puree and mix with the same amount of sugar. Eat 2 tablespoons of this cold jam 2 times a day until the problem is completely resolved.

Important! The jam should be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator.

Multivitamin drink

You can replenish vitamin deficiency with a drink based on rowan juice and milk. Combine 50 g of ingredients and a tablespoon of natural honey. Drink the resulting nectar 3 times a day before meals. Within a month of taking it, the body will become stronger.

Treatment of warts

The bactericidal properties of the forest guest will help get rid of warts on the body. It is enough to apply applications of mashed berries to the wart for 10 days, fixing it with a bandage. The same technique allows you to quickly heal and disinfect open wounds and damaged skin.

Alcohol tincture of buds

The fluffy buds of the tree strengthen the immune system, restore vision and memory, and help overcome anemia. Take half a glass of buds and fill it with a half-liter bottle of high-quality vodka. The tincture is infused for 10 days, 30 drops are taken before meals. Treatment is carried out until the desired result is achieved.

On a note! If you eat 10 plant buds every day, you can improve your memory and vision in just 10 days.

Rowan juice: medicinal and beneficial properties

Freshly squeezed juice from tiny rowan apples contains all the beneficial substances listed above and has a low calorie content of 43 kcal.

It is used in the treatment of inflammatory processes in all body systems, normalizes blood pressure, increases the secretory function of the stomach, normalizes the menstrual cycle, and eliminates uterine bleeding of various origins. Rowan juice destroys salt deposits in joints, therefore it is used as an additional therapy in the treatment of arthrosis, arthritis, and gout. Plant nectar suppresses fermentation processes, destroys pathogenic microflora - an excellent anti-dysenteric remedy, a cure for cough, cholecystitis, and hepatitis.

Treatment with herbal preparations is started only after consulting a doctor, since something else may be hidden under the alleged disease. With improper therapy, the patient’s condition may worsen, so you should definitely ask your doctor for information.

Getting juice is quite easy. Sort the harvested crop and rinse thoroughly. Mash the berries in a mortar and squeeze through several layers of gauze. You can use an electric juicer.

This is interesting! Medicinal nectar contains pectin, which helps remove harmful substances, including radionuclides. It is used in the rehabilitation therapy of patients who have received a large dose of radioactive radiation.

Treatment regimens for rowan juice

Let's consider several methods of treatment with rowan juice:

1. If you have hemorrhoids, drink 100 grams of nectar three times a day before meals, flavored with a spoonful of natural honey or sugar. Take the drink with cold water. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks. The same scheme is shown for constipation.
2. To ensure a complete outflow of bile during biliary dyskinesia, drink the product one teaspoon three times a day before meals.
3. Glaucoma, kidney disease, atherosclerosis, unstable functioning of the endocrine glands, gastritis with low acidity are treated with freshly squeezed juice. Drink a teaspoon 30 minutes before meals three times a day.
4. Rheumatic pain goes away by drinking 50-70 ml of juice mixed with 50-70 ml of milk and a tablespoon of honey. The regimen is the same - three times a day before meals. The drink suppresses the inflammatory process that occurs in the diseased joint and cleanses of salt deposits.
5. You can help a sore throat by gargling from a glass warm water and a tablespoon of plant nectar. Gargle 3-5 times a day until complete recovery.
6. From the healing drink you can make an excellent lotion for cleansing oily skin. Mix it with lemon or parsley juice (2 tablespoons each) and vodka (40 ml), wipe your skin morning and evening.
7. Wipe your face and décolleté area daily with a frozen cube of rowan nectar. The product will help with fading of the dermis, tighten the silhouette, and give the skin a healthy appearance. You will find recipes for masks with plant nectar below.

Know! For long-term storage, raw materials are canned with minimal heat treatment. The drink is brought to a boil and immediately poured into sterilized containers and sealed with sterile lids. Sugar syrup is added if desired.

Healing properties of red rowan for women

An elegant tree symbolized the feminine principle among our ancestors. It is not surprising that this forest healer brings a lot of benefits to women's health. Because biologically active ingredients increase the tone of the uterine muscles, so it is better for pregnant women to refrain from taking products with this plant. If there are no contraindications or allergies, small doses will also benefit expectant mothers. So, just 10 berries will eliminate nausea during toxicosis, replenish vitamin deficiencies, and improve appetite.

Hemostatic properties will help in the fight against heavy menstruation. You will find the decoction recipe below. In combination with other plant components or separately from them, the plant will help improve digestion, get rid of cholesterol, remove waste and toxins, and cleanse the blood. Such properties successfully cope with the regulation of metabolism and promote weight loss.

Thanks to the normalization of hormonal levels, medicinal drugs (decoctions, infusions, herbal teas) are used for auxiliary therapy during menopause. The bactericidal effect will quickly cope with thrush and diseases of the genitourinary system, accompanied by an inflammatory process.

On a note! The listed beneficial qualities also include the ability to regenerate and rejuvenate tissue. Forest guest is an excellent remedy for maintaining youth and beauty.

How to use rowan for pressure

Every third person suffers from arterial hypertension. High pressure causes headaches, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and as the disease progresses, pathologies of the heart, blood vessels and kidneys appear.

Scarlet apples are an excellent remedy for blood pressure and other related problems of the cardiovascular system. Ripe berries should be taken every morning on an empty stomach, 50 grams of the product. This medicine is available and suitable for long-term use. After 3 weeks of treatment, take a week break and resume the course. Juice, which is drunk a third of a glass in the morning for a month, is also suitable for reducing blood pressure.

Beneficial properties of red rowan for children

Our ancestors believed in the healing power of the forest guest, so it was believed that it could not harm children. Modern ecology has given rise to a lot of allergic diseases and over time, red apples have disappeared from the children's menu. And very much in vain!

The scarlet harvest, harvested after the first frost, is suitable for preparing compotes, fruit drinks and nectar, jelly, and is useful in its pure form. Children have unstable immunity, which is constantly undermined after entering an unfamiliar environment. Does your child get sick after going to kindergarten, school or clinic? Then try to diversify his menu with a natural vitamin product. It stimulates natural immunity, protects against intestinal infections, awaken appetite, regulate sleep.

Attention! Don't forget to sweeten your drinks with honey or sugar and dilute them by half with water.

How to prepare an infusion of rowan - recipes and application

An infusion is an aqueous or alcoholic extraction of beneficial components of plant materials. If the drug is prepared on the basis of water, it is customary to call it an infusion, when alcohol or vodka is used as a base - a tincture, tincture or alcohol infusion. Let's look at several recipes for infusions and their use for the treatment of various diseases.

For colds

To protect yourself from colds, it is better to prepare in advance for the beginning of the season. In spring and autumn, drink a course of healing tincture that will strengthen the immune system. To make it, fill two half-liter bottles two-thirds full with berries. Fill the container to the top with high-quality vodka and seal the container. Place in a dark place to infuse for 3 weeks, shaking the bottle periodically to enhance extraction. Morning and evening, drink 1-2 tablespoons before meals.

For atherosclerosis

Fill a jar of the desired capacity one third with berries. Fill to the top with water and leave to ferment for 3 months. After half the time, add sugar to the solution (one-third of the original mass of raw materials). Take 3-4 times a day, 40 g.

During menopause

A tincture of two hundred grams of berries and half a liter of vodka will help alleviate the symptoms of hormonal changes during menopause. It is infused for 3 weeks and 20 drops are drunk three times a day.

Remember! Vodka must be of high quality, otherwise the medicine will harm the body.

For gastritis

Water extraction will help increase the secretory function of the stomach. Crush 200 g of berries in a mortar or blender to a paste, pour half a liter of boiling water, leave for 4 hours. After straining, add a little honey, drink the infusion 3-5 times a day, a third of a glass.

For anemia

Prepare an aqueous extract from 30 scarlet apples, crushed in a mortar. Pour half a liter of boiling water over them and leave for 2 hours. Drink the entire volume of infusion within 24 hours.

For cleaning vessels

A special composition will help clear blood vessels from cholesterol. It is based on:

• burdock root – 20 g;
• head of garlic - 5 pieces;
• lemon with zest – 5 pieces;
• rowan - 2 bunches;
• viburnum – 2 bunches.

After cleaning and washing, all components are scrolled through a meat grinder. Add 1 kg of natural honey to the pulp, mix and leave for 7 days. This infusion is drunk between meals, 20 g three times a day.

Red rowan in home cosmetology mask recipes

Rowan masks rejuvenate the skin, eliminate inflammatory processes, and have a calming, cleansing and whitening effect. They are applied to clean skin and kept for 15-20 minutes. The best result can be achieved by daily application for 10-14 days. After this, you should carefully rinse off the composition with warm water. Let's look at a few recipes:

1. A rejuvenating mask is prepared using a paste of a handful of berries and a small amount of honey. Suitable for neck, face and décolleté area. If the mixture is too viscous, add a little water.
2. Mix berry puree and a small amount of sour cream. This mask will give the skin nourishment and velvety.
3. A mixture of 4-5 berries, 10 g of live yeast and 5-7 drops of calendula oil will cleanse pores, get rid of acne, and soothe the skin.
4. A mask based on 25 ml of freshly squeezed nectar, 10 g of kaolin and a pinch of cinnamon will help get rid of age spots and dead skin cells. Pre-steam your facial skin, and after the procedure, apply a restorative cream.
5. To increase tone, elasticity and microcirculation you will need 6 dried apples, a teaspoon of honey and 2 g of coconut oil. The plant materials are first ground into powder using a coffee grinder, and then combined with the rest of the components.
6. The anti-wrinkle tightening remedy is prepared on the basis of 20 g of soft cottage cheese, 30 ml of milk and a teaspoon of berry pulp. The cottage cheese should be rubbed through a sieve, the milk should be warm, it can be replaced with cream, then you will get a nutritious composition.

Attention! If during the procedures you feel discomfort or burning, immediately wash off the mask. Honey-based compositions are used only in the absence of allergic reactions.

Rowan tea - properties, application

Making healing tea is a real art. In essence, herbal tea is an aqueous extract from a collection of herbs or fruits, i.e. an infusion. You can take fresh or dried berries and leaves to prepare this healing drink.

The greatest benefit will come from freshly harvested parts of the plant. They can be used alone or flavored with other ingredients. Brew tea with hot, but not boiling water. Take a tablespoon of raw material per glass of liquid. After infusion for twenty minutes, you can drink the healing drink, flavored with a spoonful of natural honey. If you have a cold, this remedy will quickly get you back on your feet, strengthen your immune system, and replenish vitamin deficiencies. It is highly recommended to drink a medicinal drink for diabetes, high blood pressure, rheumatism. Life-giving tea has the same beneficial properties as fresh fruits. It is enough to drink 1-2 glasses of tea a day to restore vitality and protect yourself from colds.

Advice! Other medicinal plants will help diversify herbal tea - raspberries, rose hips, hawthorn, black currant, blueberry. Remember about contraindications and possible allergic reactions.

How to prepare a decoction of rowan, methods of use

Decoctions of rowan berries are almost as useful as freshly harvested crops. Useful decoction will help cope with vitamin deficiency, stimulate immune defense against flu and colds, and regulate metabolism. If herbal tea is drunk irregularly and is consumed more as a tasty drink, then the decoction is used for treatment, following the scheme and dosage, because the concentration of such aqueous extract is much higher.

A healing decoction is used to treat the diseases described at the beginning of the article, recover from illness, replenish vitamins and minerals, strengthen the immune system, and cure a lingering cough. It will destroy fungi and infections in the throat. To do this, it is better to rinse with a decoction 3-4 times a day. Let's look at several recipes for medicinal decoctions.

For atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease

To prepare the drink, take:

• 500 ml boiling water;
• 100 g of plant bark.

Pour boiling water over the bark and leave in a water bath for an hour. After cooling, strain the broth and drink a tablespoon 3 times a day half an hour before meals.

For cystitis

Inflammation Bladder It is treated with a decoction prepared from rowan bark. Pour 100 g of bark into a liter jar of water and boil for 10 minutes. Carefully drain the broth and drink instead of tea. Brew the remaining bark again. Use the drug until symptoms disappear completely.

To strengthen memory

A herbal mixture of lemon balm, fresh or dried rowan berries, honey and leaves of the trifoliate, taken in equal parts, will help restore brain activity. Take a tablespoon of the mixture per glass of boiling water and boil for 2 minutes. Infuse the decoction for 2 hours, drink three times throughout the day.

For vitamin deficiency, diabetes

A life-giving decoction based on rose hips and scarlet berries will quickly restore the body’s natural shield, normalize blood glucose levels, and relieve inflammation. Take 30 g of rose hips and small apples, pour 700 ml of cold water. Boil the mixture for 10 minutes and leave overnight. Divide into 3-4 doses, drink instead of tea.

Universal recipe

This remedy will help cope with any disease that the red plant treats. It is based on the leafy mass and fruits of the plant. The raw mixture in an amount of 30 g is poured into 300 ml of water and boiled for 7 minutes. Leave for 2-2.5 hours, and then take 15 ml three times a day.

Remember! The shelf life of ready-made decoctions does not exceed two days; store the drink only in the refrigerator.

Harm and contraindications

Although the benefits of the product are very high, you should also remember the existing contraindications:

• ischemia, previous myocardial infarction or stroke;
• tendency to thrombosis, increased blood clotting, varicose veins veins;
• low blood pressure;
• increased secretory function of the stomach, hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer;
• alcohol tinctures are prohibited for use by people with kidney and liver diseases, pregnant and lactating women, and children;
• It is better not to give babies under one year old products containing rowan, as they can provoke an allergic reaction;
• do not use prescriptions traditional medicine during pregnancy.

If you are allergic to plants from the rose family, it is better to refrain from self-medication, as the risk of allergic reactions from rashes to serious swelling increases several times.

How to prepare and store rowan medicinal raw materials

Incredible healing power laid by nature in ripe rowan apples. To preserve them until the next harvest, it is best to use freezing. To do this, sort and rinse harvested, then place on a baking sheet and place in the freezer compartment. When the product hardens, carefully pour it into airtight packaging - containers, tight bags with a zipper. The beneficial qualities will be fully preserved for 12 months. If necessary, remove a small portion of the harvest from storage and use it to prepare infusions and medicinal tea.

Important! If there is no tree in your garden, collect raw materials only in the forest, located away from the highway and industrial facilities.

The second no less common option for harvesting is drying. Preliminary preparation consists of sorting and washing the berries. You can dry the raw materials in an oven or electric dryer. Optimal temperature regime 60⁰C. Periodically stir the berries to dry evenly. After complete drying, inspect and remove blackened specimens. The dried product should be stored in a closed glass container at room temperature. Shelf life up to two years. During heat treatment, part useful substances will disintegrate, so freezing is preferable.

Red rowan - planting and care

Growing a stately mountain ash on the plot is quite simple. The tree tolerates partial shade well and grows well in almost any soil. It is preferable to plant the crop on fertile light loams, which absorb moisture well and allow air to penetrate to the roots.

Since the dimensions of the plant are quite large, it is better to select an area in front of the house or along the perimeter of the garden so that it does not interfere with the normal lighting of other garden inhabitants. The crop easily tolerates close groundwater, but it is better if the level does not exceed 1.5 m.

Remember! There is no place for a forest beauty next to an apple tree. Both crops belong to the rose family, so they have common pests and diseases. The apple tree is especially annoyed by the rowan moth, whose caterpillars gnaw holes in the apples.

The crop is not highly self-fertile, so several individuals should be planted at once, this will increase the yield. Planting is carried out in early spring, since the plant’s buds awaken quickly. In warm climates and central Russia, autumn planting is acceptable. Planting dates: until the end of April or until the end of September. Varietal seedlings can be purchased at a fruit nursery. Give preference to specimens with healthy bark, viable buds, flexible shoots and elastic roots. The optimal age of the seedling is 2 years.

Planting technology:

1. The planting pit is prepared in advance. For spring planting you will have to work hard in the fall, but for autumn planting preliminary carried out in 4-6 weeks.
2. The depth and diameter of the hole is 60-80 cm, the step between specimens is at least five meters. The support is driven in at a distance of 10-15 cm from the center of the hole.
3. The dug hole is filled with a mixture of fertile soil, compost, and rotted manure. A handful of wood ash and the same amount of superphosphate are added to the soil mixture.
4. Place the seedling in a hole one-third full, straighten the roots, and add the remaining substrate.
5. Compact the soil, water the seedlings abundantly, and mulch the tree trunk area.

Attention! Make sure that the root collar is 5-7 cm above the level of the hole.

Care includes watering, keeping the tree trunk clean, fertilizing, pruning, and preventing diseases and pests.

Throughout the season, remove weeds from the tree trunk. You need to water the tree 4-5 times during the growing season, using at least 20 liters of water for each specimen. Pruning is carried out in early spring and has the functions of sanitation and shaping. All diseased, weak, damaged shoots, as well as excess branches growing inside the crown, must be removed. If the fruits are concentrated on last year's growth, the branches are only slightly shortened. With the help of a haircut, you can give the crown a certain shape and height, and restrain violent growth.

Fertilizers are applied from the second year of growing season three times per season. In the spring they feed with nitrogen, at the beginning of summer potassium is important, and after fruiting they give phosphorus fertilizing so that the wood ripens for winter. In the fall, the tree trunk area is dug up with ash and the trunks are whitened. Young trees are wrapped for the winter - the trunk is wrapped in burlap, and a fine mesh rodent net is installed. The tree trunk circle is mulched high with humus.

The culture is propagated by seeds and grafting of dormant buds and cuttings. Disease resistance is high, but pests must be treated with insecticides or folk remedies. To protect the tree from fungi, spray it with Bordeaux mixture three times in the spring. Birds can cause crop damage. Installing a scarecrow will help, but soon the feathered brethren will stop paying attention to it. If you are growing varietal varieties for harvest, use bird protection netting. But we can do as our ancestors did - leave part of the harvest to the birds.

Remember! After the ovaries appear, it is advisable not to use chemical pest control agents.

Everyone knows the common rowan - a tree without which it is hard to imagine the front garden of a house, a shady corner of a park, an alley on a city boulevard. However, rowan, along with the characteristics of its growth, as well as useful and medicinal properties This plant is still a secret for many.

Description of rowan

The first word in the Latin name of the mountain ash - Sorbus aucuparia - means "bird's". However, in our language this is the name of another botanical species. Therefore, to avoid confusion, the Russian name of this plant is not a literal translation of the Latin.

Vonega, godrose, wispina, sparrow, judik, pea, hazel grouse - this is the popular name for rowan in different areas. This tree has been known since ancient times. It was mentioned in the works of ancient scientists, in particular Virgil and Pliny. Its fruits are edible and were used as food in the past.

Rowan is a bush or low tree with a height of four to fifteen meters. The bark of its trunk is usually brown-gray (in young shoots it is light gray). The leaves are odd-pinnate in shape and reach twenty centimeters in length. The individual plates that make up the plates are oblong and have sharp teeth along the edges.

Rowan inflorescences are small shields (up to ten centimeters in diameter), the flowers are white. The fruits are round, up to one and a half centimeters in diameter, bitter or tart in taste. They are usually bright red, but sometimes the color can be yellowish or orange. They ripen, depending on the place where the rowan grows, mainly from September to October (less often - November).

Distribution area

Rowan is a frost-resistant plant. It is widespread in northern Europe and Asia. It is known that places where mountain ash grows are sometimes found even beyond the Arctic Circle.

In the wild, these trees tend to grow solitarily or in small groups. Favorite habitats are the slopes of ravines, clearings and Rowan prefers sod-podzolic and medium loamy soils. It grows poorly on poor and sandy soils. Science has also proven that the lifespan of rowan is longer at high air humidity.

Common rowan grows in large quantities in Belarus, Ukraine (Galicia, Polesie), as well as in the European part of Russia. Other species of this plant are found in the Baltic states, Scandinavian countries, the Far East and Siberia.

Rowan growth features

During germination, the cotyledons are brought to the surface. They usually live from fifty to eighty days. Rowan begins to grow earlier than an apple or pear tree, but blooms a week later than them.

In the first year of life, rowan seedlings develop slowly, and from the second or third year the shoots begin to grow rapidly. Young trees often have pyramidal crowns, which later change to rounded under the weight of foliage and fruits. In most rowan species, apical growth predominates.

Under the forest canopy, the lifespan of mountain ash is reduced. These trees grow best and bear fruit most abundantly in well-lit areas with moderate humidity.

How long does rowan live?

Compared to other deciduous trees, this plant is not considered long-lived. On average, the lifespan of the mountain ash in nature is eighty to one hundred years. Sometimes the age of individual specimens reaches one hundred - one hundred and fifty, and sometimes even two hundred years, but these are exceptional cases.

Only alder (fifty to seventy years) and home plum (up to sixty years) live shorter than rowan.

Beneficial features

The fruits of the mountain ash are recognized not only by folk medicine, but also by official medicine. This product contains a high level of vitamins (primarily A and C), and its diuretic and hemostatic effects are also known.

After the first autumn frosts, ripe rowan berries lose their bitterness, acquiring a sweetish taste. On the day of Peter and Paul - "Rowannikov", honored on September 23, our ancestors prepared healing rowan kvass, which was considered an excellent laxative and coolant, and also helps treat various inflammations. The berries were used to make compotes and make infusions, which were then used to treat colds, atherosclerosis, rheumatism, and heart failure.

Tea made from rowan flowers and berries with the addition of mint - good remedy from overwork.

Residents of the northern regions even today often eat rowan berries raw, as well as dry, soak and ferment them. From this berry it turns out very delicious jam, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly and jam.

It is also known that fruits and vegetables, which were covered with rowan leaves when stored in cellars, are stored much longer and better.

Folk signs associated with rowan

Knowing how long rowan lives, where it grows and what healing qualities it has, you can complete its brief description with some folk signs, associated with it since ancient times.

It was believed that the late bloom of rowan foreshadows a long autumn. And if the leaves on this tree turn yellow early, you should wait for early autumn and cold winter.

A swarm of bees buzzing around a blooming rowan tree predicted a clear, fine next day.

When a large harvest of berries was seen on these trees in the forest, it was believed that there would be rain in the fall, and a lot of snow and cold in the winter. If the mountain ash produces poorly, it means that autumn is destined to be dry.

If the rowan bunches were covered with frost early, they believed that one should prepare for a long winter.

However, scientists note that today not all of the signs listed above are valid.

Common rowan is one of the most common plants with high decorative qualities.

The berries of this crop are used in winemaking, cooking and pharmacology, and serve as an excellent aid for non-migratory birds staying for the winter.

Below is a description of the common rowan and recommendations on the correct agricultural techniques for growing trees in the garden.

Where does the common red rowan grow?

The Latin species epithet for rowan is aucuparia, which comes from the Latin. avis – bird and capere – to attract, to catch.

This is due to the fact that rowan fruits are attractive to birds and were used as bait to catch them.

Rowan is a plant distributed almost all over the world. It is known in European countries, popular in Western Asia and the Caucasus.

Reaching the Far North, in the mountains it rises to the very border of vegetation, and there it already takes on the appearance of a bush.

In other words, where the mountain ash grows, a temperate climate prevails.

In Russia, the common red rowan is distributed in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part, in the North Caucasus, and in the Urals. It grows in individual specimens, without forming continuous thickets, in the undergrowth or second layer of coniferous, mixed, and occasionally deciduous forests, in forest clearings and edges, between bushes.

Russian gardeners consider rowan one of the most unpretentious crops, and this is true. It can grow on any soil, including infertile and acidic. However, the quality of the soil directly affects the fruiting of this plant.

The mountain ash tree can grow equally successfully both in the sun and in partial shade, but in the second case the gardener gets an elongated slender tree trying to reach the sunlight. In well-lit areas, mountain ash produces an excellent harvest.

The advantage of this plant is its friendliness with any other crops growing nearby on the site.

Common rowan: tree height, botanical description of the root system, flowers and leaf arrangement

The root system of the common rowan is deep, so the plant does not need watering. The plant came to us from the forest, so it prefers leaf humus. That’s when rowan produces a really big harvest! Among red rowan trees, sweet-fruited varieties are especially valued.

Rowan is a tree, less often a shrub. The height of an ordinary rowan can reach 12 m (usually 5-10 m). The crown is round and openwork. Young shoots are grayish-red, pubescent.

As you can see in the photo, adult rowan trees have smooth, light gray-brown or yellow-gray, shiny bark:

Photo gallery

The buds are felt-fluffy. Leaves are up to 20 cm long, alternate. The leaf arrangement of the common mountain ash is imparipinnate. The leaves consist of 7-15 almost sessile lanceolate or elongated, pointed, serrated along the edges of the leaflets, entire at the bottom and serrate at the top, green above, usually matte, noticeably paler and pubescent below. In autumn, the leaves turn golden and red.

The flowers of the common rowan are numerous, five-membered, collected in dense corymbose inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter; inflorescences are located at the ends of shortened shoots. The receptacle is narrow-shaped - a calyx of five wide-triangular ciliated sepals. The corolla is white (0.8...1.5 cm in diameter), there are five petals, many stamens, one pistil, three styles, the ovary is inferior. When the common rowan tree blooms, it gives off an unpleasant odor (the reason for this is trimethylamine gas). Blooms in May – June.

The fruit of the common rowan is a spherical juicy orange-red apple (about 1 cm in diameter) with small seeds rounded along the edge.

Cultivated varieties of rowan begin to bear fruit 4-5 years after planting. The fruits ripen in September – October. During the period of full fruiting (at the age of 15–25 years), you can collect up to 100 kg of fruit from a tree. More or less abundant harvests are repeated after 1–2 years.

Types of rowan plant

Of great interest is the elder-leaved species of rowan, native to the Khabarovsk Territory. This is a shrub, not exceeding two meters, completely covered in spring with large white or pink flowers. The berries have a pleasant sweet and sour taste without astringency or bitterness.

Moravian rowan, originally from the Czech Republic, has excellent taste, but it is not winter-hardy. But on its basis, a remarkably tasty and more winter-hardy variety “Alaya” was obtained.

There is also an interesting rowan - mealy, which was so named because its young shoots are covered with white fluff. The “Aria” variety is especially beautiful, the young shoots of which are yellow or cream in color. Typically, mealy ash is used as an ornamental plant. It is cut annually to cause the growth of numerous young shoots, giving the bush extraordinary attractiveness.

In recent years, the Kashmir rowan, a low, spreading tree, completely covered with clusters of light pink flowers in the spring and with delicious snow-white berries in the fall, has gained wide popularity in Europe. Now in fashion are not the tall trees that we are used to seeing in the forest, but dwarf forms, often in the form of a small tree or a tree with a weeping crown, or a plant in the form of a bush. So there is a lot of choice. Modern rowan will not only decorate your garden, but will also produce a harvest of delicious berries, often completely different from the fruits of its forest ancestor.

Rowan sargent (Sorbus sargentiana) is a slow-growing tree reaching a maximum height of 10 m, with bright red berries and bright orange leaves in autumn.

Rowan Kene (Sorbus koehneana)- a small tree (up to 8 m in height) with long leaves consisting of a large number (up to 33) narrow jagged fingers.

Pay attention to the photo - the common rowan Kene variety White Wax is distinguished by unusual white porcelain berries on long red stems:

Photo gallery

Kene rowan berries are well preserved almost until spring.

Mixed rowan, Japanese (Sorbus commixta)- a fast-growing tree, reaching a maximum height of 10 m. Mixed rowan leaves are elongated, consisting of 13...17 fingers, and by autumn they acquire a charming crimson color. The berries are yellow-orange.

Rowan Vilmora, Chinese (Sorbus vilmorinii)- a small tree (up to 5 m in height) with curved branches and feathery leaves that turn deep burgundy in autumn. Vilmora rowan flowers are creamy white, the berries are light or pink. Ideal for small gardens.

Hubei rowan (Sorbus hupehensis var. obtusa, Rosea)- a small unusually decorative rowan with pink berries, originating from China.

Rowan squat. This is a shrub up to 3 m high. The fruits are ovoid and reach a length of 18 mm. The fruits ripen in September. Their flesh is juicy, but bland. This rowan variety is very fast-growing. By crossing it with the Mouzho rowan, a new sweet-fruited hybrid, Khosta, was obtained.

Finnish rowan, or hybrid. It grows in the form of a tree up to 6 m high. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th–5th year after planting. The fruits are oblong, up to 16 mm long, red in color, with hard skin, low-juiciness, mealy pulp, and have a sweet and sour taste. Ripen in mid-September.

Below is a description of ordinary rowan of different varieties.

Varieties of cultivated rowan

There are 14 varieties of ordinary cultivated mountain ash; Michurin began breeding them, who obtained several original varieties from crossing red mountain ash with serviceberry, hawthorn and even pear.

Among the Michurin varieties, the following are very popular:

“Liquor” with large black sweet berries.

"Burka" with red-brown fruits.

“Pomegranate” with pomegranate-red berries (a hybrid obtained by crossing mountain ash with blood-red hawthorn).

Sweet-fruited variety “Michurinskaya Dessertnaya”.

Subsequently, work on rowan selection continued in Michurinsk at VNIIG and SPR. The varieties Businka, Vefed, Doch Kubova, and Sorbinka were created there, which were the result of crossing Nevezhinsky and Moravian mountain ash.

Selection work with rowan was also carried out at VIR and other Russian institutions.

Pomologists divide varieties of mountain ash into two varieties: Moravian and Nevezhinskaya.

The first variety type includes varieties of Central European origin:

Beissneri.

Konzentra.

Moravian.

Rosina.

Edulis.

The second includes varieties of Eastern European origin:

Yellow.

Red.

Vubovaya.

Nevezhinskaya.

Sugar.

The Rossica and Rossica Major varieties, which were introduced by the German company Späth at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries from near Kyiv, may be descendants of the Moravian mountain ash, which was widely cultivated in Ukraine at that time.

New varieties of Russian selection come from both Nevezhin and Moravian mountain ash.

In Russia, non-bitter forms of mountain ash were discovered in the village of Nevezhino, Nebylovsky district, Vladimir region, from where they spread widely throughout the center of Russia.

Through folk selection, a number of varieties were selected and subsequently registered under the names Kubovaya, Zheltaya, and Krasnaya. The diversity of forms is due to both seed propagation and selection of bud mutations. Several promising varieties of the Nevezhin variety group were registered by the Soviet pomologist E.M. Petrov. Later, he continued breeding work with rowan and obtained a number of hybrids from crossing Moravian and Nevezhin rowan with each other and Michurin varieties.

Considering that rowan is self-sterile, it is recommended to plant 2-3 plants of different varieties on the site.

Bead. Resistant to extreme growing conditions. The fruits are round, red, weighing 1.9 g. The pulp is creamy, very juicy, sweet and sour. Tasting score 4.3 points. The fruits contain: dry matter 25%, sugar 10%, acid 2.2%, P-active substances 165 mg%, carotene 9 mg%, vitamin C 67 mg%. Productivity 20 kg per tree. The tree is medium-sized, 2.5–3.0 m, with a rounded crown. It begins to bear fruit in the 3-5th year.

Kubova's daughter. Winter-hardy, drought-resistant, resistant to pests and diseases. The fruits weigh 1.8 g, oblong, bright orange, with a reddish blush. The pulp is bright yellow, very juicy, tender, without astringency or bitterness. Tasting score 4.5 points. The fruits contain 168 mg% P-active substances, 76 mg% vitamin C, 8 mg% carotene. Productivity 36 kg per tree. The tree is medium-sized, with a paniculate, sparse crown. It begins to bear fruit in the 5th year.

Wefed. Winter hardiness is high, relatively resistant to diseases and pests. Fruits weighing 1.3 g, rounded-pointed towards the base, elegant, pink-red. The pulp is yellow, tender, sweet and sour, pleasant when consumed fresh. The fruits contain: dry matter 20.5%, sugars 9.5%, acids 25%, carotene 32 mg%, vitamin C 96 mg%, vitamin P 176 mg%. Tasting score 4.6 points. Productivity 17.2 kg per tree. The tree is medium-sized, with a rounded, sparse crown. It begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year.

Grenade. Hybrid of rowan and hawthorn. Medium height. The fruits are large (1–1.5 cm in diameter), pomegranate-colored, sweet and sour taste, with a slight tartness.

Gorgeous. The variety is medium-sized (5–6 m). The wood is winter-hardy. The leaves are quite large and strongly wrinkled. Flower buds are slightly winter-hardy. The fruits are edible, medium in size (up to 1 cm in diameter) or large, yellowish in color, juicy, sweet and sour with noticeable bitterness, close to the taste of rowan.

Nevezhinskaya. A variety of folk selection. The tree is powerful, compact, spherical, highly winter-hardy. Productivity up to 80-100 kg. The fruits are large, red, with orange juicy pulp of a pleasant sweet and sour taste without bitterness and astringency, ripen in the first half of September, are stored fresh until April, and stay on the tree all winter without losing their taste.

Ruby. Winter-hardy. The fruits weigh 1.3 g, ruby, flattened, shaped like lily of the valley flowers, with a smooth, wide-ribbed surface. The pulp is yellow, juicy. The fruits contain: sugar 12.4%, acid 1.3%, vitamin C 21 mg%, P-active substances 948 mg%. Tasting score 4 points. Productivity 17 kg per tree. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is drooping. It begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year.

Fabulous. Berries weighing 0.5 g, round-oval, red, sweet and sour, juicy, aromatic. They contain: sugar 6.3%, acid 1.9%, vitamin C 118 mg%. Productivity 126 c/ha. The variety is winter-hardy, resistant to pests and diseases.

Sorbinka. Winter-hardy, highly adaptive, resistant to pests and diseases. The fruits are very large, weighing 2.7 g, round, red. The pulp is yellowish, juicy, sweet and sour. Tasting score 4.4 points. The fruits contain: dry matter 23%, sugar 8%, acid 2.8%, vitamin C 114 mg%. Productivity 19 kg per tree. The tree is medium-sized, with an obovate crown. It begins to bear fruit in the 4th year.

Scarlet large. Highly winter-hardy, tolerates temperatures down to minus 50 °C. Resistant to pests and diseases. Fruits weighing 1.7 g, cylindrical, flattened, with a cup, with a smooth, slightly ribbed surface, scarlet-red. The taste is sweet and sour, with a spicy rowan flavor. They contain: sugar 8.4%, acid 1.9%, vitamin C 21 mg%, P-active substances 625 mg%. Tasting score 4.3 points. Productivity 21 kg per tree. Tree of moderate growth. Partially self-fertile.

Titanium. Increased winter hardiness. The fruits weigh 1.2 g, round, slightly ribbed, dark cherry, with a waxy coating. The pulp is intense yellow, sweet and sour. They contain: dry matter 20%, sugar 10.2%, acid 1.4%, catechins 494 mg%, vitamin C 33 mg%. Characterized by abundant fruiting.

Planting seedlings of common rowan

Seedlings of ordinary rowan must not be dried out, without leaves, have a branched above-ground part and root system, without mechanical damage.

Annual seedlings can be unbranched, 120 cm high, trunk base diameter 1.2 cm. Annual seedlings can be branched, 130 cm high, their trunk diameter is smaller - 0.9 cm, the length of the main branches is 8-10 cm.

For two-year-old seedlings, the trunk (the above-ground part before branching) must be 40–60 cm, with a diameter of 2.4 cm, have at least 4 main branches and a root collar with a diameter of at least 1 cm. The length of the branches is 40 cm. (For second-grade seedlings it should have at least 4 main roots with a length of at least 20 cm, the aerial part must be at least 20 cm, have at least 2 main branches and a root collar with a diameter of at least 7 mm.)

Two-year-old seedlings must have at least 7 main roots at least 40 cm long.

Before planting this plant, you should familiarize yourself with its preferences. As for the placement of mountain ash, it is best to plant it in the northern or east side plot, not forgetting to leave a distance between trees (if you plan to plant several plants) of at least 4 m.

As mentioned above, rowan can grow in the shade, but it is better to choose sunny, open places for it. Then the culture will delight you with a rich harvest.

Rowan does not tolerate waterlogged peat soils that are saline or too dry. The groundwater level should not be higher than 1.5–2.0 m.

Planting of rowan seedlings should be done in early spring or autumn. If rowan is planted in the spring, then it is necessary to prepare the planting hole in advance. It is better to do this work in the fall. But autumn planting is not prohibited.

For vigorous-growing varieties, the depth of the pits should be at least 60 cm, and the diameter - 100 cm; for low-growing varieties, the depth is 50 cm, and the diameter is 80 cm.

It is recommended to add 20 kg of manure (2 buckets), 0.8–1 kg of superphosphate and 0.1–0.15 kg of potassium sulfate into the pit. Manure is mixed evenly with the soil, 2/3 of mineral fertilizers are applied to the bottom of the pit, and 1/3 to the lower part of the soil, poured into a cone. Mineral fertilizers are not applied to the soil in the upper part of the pit, where the roots of the seedling are located, to avoid burns. When planting rowan, abundant watering (2–3 buckets of water) is of great importance. In dry weather, watering is done 3-4 times.

When planting a seedling, you should make a small mound in the center, spread the roots on it and cover it with soil so that the root collar is at soil level. If you deepen the rowan tree, it will produce a lot of root shoots, but the shoots just need to be constantly cut down to the very base. As you add soil to the roots during planting, water each layer with water, then no voids will form under the roots, and the soil will adhere well to all the roots. In addition, the roots need good air access, and in dense soil there is not enough of it. If you have planted a fairly tall tree, then you need to tie it to a stake, or even better, drive three stakes, the ends of which should be tilted towards the seedling and tied together. The plant will be protected by three inclined poles.

Rowan tolerates transplantation well, but do not forget that it has a deep root system, and dig up the planting material deeply. If you know how to graft plants (and you don’t know how, learn how - it’s not difficult), then the easiest way is to dig up a small mountain ash in the forest and transplant it to the site. On next year, if the plant has taken root, in the spring you can plant several cuttings on it at once different varieties. You will have rowan for every taste. Do not forget to cut out the root shoots, otherwise the grafted cuttings will die off, leaving only wild ones.

Common rowan can withstand frosts down to minus 50 °C. Rowan blooms quite late - in May - June, and therefore the flowers are rarely damaged by spring frosts. Due to its high winter hardiness, mountain ash can be grown in the harsh climatic conditions of the country, where other fruit crops cannot be cultivated.

Caring for ordinary rowan after planting and during flowering

The tree trunk circle, taking into account the growth of roots, increases annually by 0.3–0.4 m. Its diameter in the first year is 1.5 m, in subsequent years it is 1 m more than the diameter of the crown. After planting ordinary rowan, when caring for trees in early spring and autumn before leaf fall, it is necessary to dig up the trunk circle to a depth of 10–15 cm so as not to damage the skeletal roots. In the spring-summer period, 3-4 loosening of the soil is carried out to a depth of 5-6 cm. To preserve moisture, it is good to mulch the tree trunk circles with manure or peat with a layer of 8-10 cm. In the spring, simultaneously with tillage, organic and mineral fertilizers are applied - 4 kg of manure, 100 g nitrogen, 150 g phosphorus and 100 g potassium fertilizers per 1 sq. m of tree trunk circle.

For feeding when caring for ordinary rowan, use slurry diluted 2–3 times, as well as bird droppings diluted 10–12 times.

Rowan trees require almost no pruning or crown shaping. Remove only broken or damaged branches at the beginning of the season, or perform formative pruning if the tree needs to be kept under control. During the period of full fruiting, when the crown thickens and the branches become bare, they have to be thinned out and shortened.

In wet years, rust of rowan leaves may develop, against which spraying with Bordeaux mixture is used.

In pest control, agrotechnical measures are very effective - cleaning and burning fallen leaves; autumn and spring digging of the soil to destroy wintering pupae; cleaning and destruction of damaged fruits before the caterpillars emerge from them; collecting nests and shaking beetles from trees onto the litter, followed by their destruction. Mice and hares do not damage rowan trees.

The rowan tree is one of the first to bloom, and the ants drag aphids onto it. The tops are curled. Then the ants begin to take the aphids all over the garden. Don’t miss this moment and spray the plant with Iskra total protection, trying to get inside the curled leaves at the top of the rowan. This is a chemical drug. It should not be used during the growing season; it is better to use the biological product “Fitoverm” or “Iskra-bio”.

Propagation of common rowan by cuttings and seeds

Reproduction of species common rowan is done by seeds (in autumn), and varietal rowan - by green cuttings (in early summer), grafting with a dormant bud (in summer) or cuttings (in cold periods). It is possible to propagate rowan by ordinary grafting in the cold season; ordinary rowan is used as a rootstock, because it has the strongest root system.

To propagate common rowan, cuttings can be asked from friends or neighbors, or purchased at an exhibition. If your neighbors don’t want to cut off a branch for you, then ask for just a couple of buds in August and graft with an eye. In addition, if wild rowan grows on the site, its root shoots may well be suitable as a rootstock. The shoots should be separated from the mother plant and grafted onto cultivated varieties. The downside is that rowan trees grafted in this way cannot be propagated. Mountain ash reproduces well by cuttings and layering.

Gardeners often propagate rowan using seeds, which is no coincidence. Rowan from seeds grows very quickly and is grafted onto cultivated varieties within 3-4 years.

By the way, this is not a bad way to make money - there is a good, steady demand for dessert, weeping and decorative varieties. But in dessert rowan trees, during seed propagation, splitting of the offspring can occur, and varietal characteristics can be lost. You can graft onto red rowan rootstock chokeberry– chokeberry. It turns out to be a beautiful bush on a leg. Chokeberry can be cut, so it is easy to form a spherical bush. These bushes look very elegant.

Seeds should be sown right before winter after picking the berries. They are smeared on paper and sown directly with it on the prepared place. They should be sprinkled with a 1.5–2 cm layer of soil on top.

Do not let the rowan tree stretch upward if you have a tree rowan tree. This usually occurs in low light conditions. Shorten the top every year to the point you need, otherwise the birds will pick the berries, not you. If you have rowan in bush form, then make sure that the bush does not thicken too much, because there will be no berries in the center of the bush.

The benefits of rowan fruits

The main uses of ordinary rowan are food, melliferous, medical, decorative and phytomeliorative.

The fruits contain sugar (up to 5%), malic, citric, tartaric and succinic acids (2.5%), tannic (0.5%) and pectin (0.5%) substances, sorbitol and sorbose, amino acids, essential oils, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium salts, as well as carotenoids (up to 20 mg%), ascorbic acid (up to 200 mg%), flavonoids, triterpene compounds, bitter substances, sorbic acid. Due to the benefits of rowan fruits, they are used in medicine as a multivitamin and carotene-containing raw material.

Rowan fruit is used as a medicinal raw material, which is harvested ripe in August - October before frost, dried in dryers at 60...80 ° C or in well-ventilated areas, spread in a thin layer on fabric or paper.

Due to their bitterness, the fruits are practically not eaten fresh, more often after frost, when they lose their bitterness. They are used mainly for processing. They are an excellent raw material for the alcoholic beverage and confectionery industries and the production of soft drinks. When canning, they are used to prepare jelly, candies such as “rowan in sugar”, jam, marmalade, preserves, and marshmallows. The fruits are dried and used to produce “fruit powders” and flour.

To remove bitterness from rowan fruits, pour boiling water over them and bring to a boil over high heat, but do not boil. hot water drain immediately, pour cold water over the fruits and change the water several times over 5–6 hours. After this, they are covered with sugar (1:1) for 3–4 hours, then boiled in several stages, like any 5-minute jam. Then the fruits become transparent and the skin is soft, and there is no better seasoning for meat or fish!

Rowan is a medium-productive spring honey plant that provides nectar and pollen to bees; nectar productivity - up to 30...40 kg per hectare of plantings. Rowan honey is reddish and coarse-grained, with a strong aroma. Rowan fruits are rich in vitamin C (up to 160 mg%) and carotene (up to 56 mg%).

Rowan is valued not only for its beneficial fruits, but also for its decorative qualities. It is used in ornamental gardening, landscaping areas and decorating local areas. This tree retains its attractiveness throughout the year. It looks very beautiful in winter, as well as during flowering. From autumn leaves It is impossible to look away from rowan trees - variegated, bright colors envelop the entire plant.

It has many garden forms, including weeping, narrow pyramidal, yellow-fruited, with pinnately lobed leaves, etc. It has fractionally porous reddish wood, from which turning products, jewelry, and furniture are made. Rowan bark can be used as tanning raw material.

Wild birds feed on the fruits of the mountain ash, which often saves them from hunger in winter. Also, ripe fruits are used to feed poultry and livestock.