Determination of the estimated water flow and hydraulic calculation of the network

On the axonometric diagram, the calculated direction is divided by nodal points into calculated sections, putting down the numbers of points from the dictating device before connecting the input to the external water supply line. The determination of costs for the calculated sections and the subsequent hydraulic calculation of the network (determination of pipe diameters and pressure losses) is carried out in tabular form (Table 2). Column 1 contains the numbers of calculated points. In column 2 - the numbers of the calculated sections and their length in m, determined according to the axonometric scheme and according to the plan, taking into account the scale. Column 3 records the number of devices that are provided with water passing through this calculation area. The probability of operation of water folding units (P) is calculated once for the entire building.

R c \u003d q c hr, u / q c o *U / N * l / 3600, (2)

Where: q with hr, u is the rate of water consumption by the consumer at the hour of the highest water consumption; l, adj.3 (2); q with o - second water flow, l / s, sanitary fixture (fittings), adj.Z (2); U-number of water users (residents); N-number of water fittings on the site; The number of consumers, U, in modern residential buildings is determined either by the average occupancy of apartments (n sq. sanitary standard living area f and total living area F in the building:

U=u o *n sq, or U=F/f (3)

In the absence of data on the number of sanitary fixtures in buildings, the values ​​of F can be determined by taking N=P. In the absence of data on water consumption and specifications sanitary appliances in residential and public buildings, it is allowed to take q tot \u003d 0.3 l / s, and for supplying cold or hot water(q c) q h \u003d 0.2 l / s. The total rate of water consumption q tot u is taken according to Appendix 3 (2) depending on the improvement of the building, which is characterized by the rate of water consumption per inhabitant per day of the highest water consumption. Since the values ​​included in the probability formula for a particular building are constant, then the values ​​of P entered in column 4 of Table 4 will be constant in all areas where q o does not change. In column 5 of Table 2 enter the product of the probability value and the number of devices in each calculation area. Maximum second water consumption in the estimated section of the network q (q tot ; q h ; q c ), l/s is determined by the formula:

q p =5q 0 α, (4)

Where: q 0 - second consumption of water fittings; α - coefficient depending on the product of the total number of devices N, served by the calculation section, by the value of the probability of action P, i.e. α=f(NP); at P>0.1 and N<2000. α определяется по прил.4 табл.1 ., при других значениях N и Р коэффициент а принимается по прил.4 табл.2 . Расход воды на первых расчетных участках сети следует принимать по расчету, но не менее максимального секундного расхода воды одним из установленных санитарно-технических приборов. Вычисленные величины α и q p для каждого участка сети записываются соответственно в графы 6 и 7 расчетной таблицы. По вычисленному расчетному расходу и принятым скоростям назначают диаметр трубопроводов на расчетном участке. Скорость движения воды в магистральных трубопроводах и стояках рекомендуется принимать не более 1,5 м/с, а в подводках к водоразборным устройствам - не более 2,5 м/с. По рекомендации НИИ санитарной техники, экономичными можно считать скорости 0,9-1,2 м/с, а в трубопроводах производственных водопроводов - не более 1,2 м/с. Диаметры труб обычно назначают по расчетным расходам и рекомендованным скоростям движения воды, пользуясь таблицами (Шевелев Ф.А.,Шевелев А.Ф. Таблицы для гидравлического расчета водопроводных труб.- М.: Стройиздат, 1984.)

table 2

plot number	Section length, m							Speed,	head loss
									hydraulic ukl., i	on site, h ℓ	on the local resistance, h ms

Determination of head loss

In networks of internal water supply, the pressure loss due to friction along the length of the pipes for each calculated section and the pressure loss due to local resistance in the fittings and fittings are determined. The pressure loss along the length of the pipes is determined by the formula :

h ℓ = i*ℓ, (5)

Where: ℓ - the length of the calculated section of the pipeline of a given diameter, m; i- hydraulic slope. The pressure loss per unit length is the greater, the smaller the diameter and the greater the water flow. Local pressure losses due to friction in the networks of internal water supply are 10-30% of pressure losses along the length of the pipes. The calculated values ​​​​are entered in columns 11 and 12. The total pressure loss in the network is :

H 1 \u003d H 2 + H 3 + H f (6)

Where : H 2 - the height of the location of the point of water consumption from the surface of the earth, m. H 3 - pressure loss, m, in the internal network, including losses to overcome local resistances and losses at the input and in the water meter; H f – normalized free pressure of the calculated sanitary device, m

H 2 \u003d N o.s. + H floor (n-1) + H set. (7)

Where: Nc - the height of the floor of the first floor of the building from the surface of the earth at the manhole of the well of the city water supply, m; H floor - floor height, m; n is the number of floors; H mouth - the height of the location of the water fittings of the dictating device above the floor, m;

H 3 \u003d h ℓ + h m.s. + h c.c. + h (8)

Where: h ℓ - head loss in the design sections, m; h m.s - head loss due to local resistance, m; h c.c. - pressure loss in the water inlet, m; h v.y - pressure loss in the water meter unit, m.

h v.v = i vv *L vv (1+k) (9)

1st century – slope of the water supply; L cc – length of water inlet, m; k - coefficient taking into account pressure losses due to local resistance, is taken: 0.3 - in networks of domestic and drinking water supply systems of residential and public buildings; 0.2 - in networks of integrated utility and fire water pipelines of residential and public buildings, as well as in networks of industrial water pipelines; 0.15 - in networks of integrated industrial fire-fighting water pipelines; 0.1 - in the networks of fire water pipelines.

1. Practical part

Calculation of the water supply system of a residential building

Initial data: Object characteristic.

The building is a two-story residential building. The height of the floors is 3.0m. Basement height - 2.0 m. The height of the first floor is 1.10 m from the ground level. Sanitary equipment - washbasins, toilet bowls, sinks, bathtubs. The roof is pitched. The thickness of the floors is 0.3 m.

Head loss at the input - 12.5 m.

Head loss in the water meter unit - 1.35 m.

Characteristics of external networks.

Water supply: guaranteed pressure - 14m; pipeline diameter - 200mm.

Sewerage: collector diameter 300mm, depth of the tray in the well 4.50m.

Soil freezing depth -1.4 m, location - Moscow.

Building cold water system.

To supply water for domestic and drinking needs, a domestic and drinking water supply system is adopted in the building, supplying water to sanitary appliances installed in 6 apartments (3 apartments per floor * 2 floors) and serving 33 people. The water supply network of the building with the lower wiring. The main line is laid in the basement at a height of 1.8 m from the basement floor. Risers are attached to it. The water supply network in the building is mounted from galvanized steel water and gas pipes in accordance with GOST 3262-75 *. The line is thermally insulated with mineral wool mats to prevent condensation. Faucets are used as water folding fittings, since the building provides for a hot water supply system. On the water supply network to control the flow of water, the installation of shut-off valves is provided. Valves are installed at the input, after the water meter, on branches from the main to each riser, at the input to each apartment and in front of the flush tank.

Calculation of the cold water supply system of the building.

The task of calculating a cold water supply system is to determine the required pressure at the point of connection of the city water supply network and compare the result with the value of the guaranteed pressure. Under the condition H 1 ≤ H gar - the internal water supply system will work under the pressure of the city network, i.e. installation of additional pumps is not required. If H 1 ≥ H gar - the internal water supply system will not work under the pressure of the city network, i.e. additional pumps are required.

Table 1

Initial data

Water consumers

number

Second expenses

hourly expenses

Per diem expenses

Note

General,qtot

Cold water q c

Hot water q h

Stock,q s

General.q tot ohr

Hol. water ,q hr s

Gor. water,q h ohr

General, q u tot

Hol. water, q u c

Gor. water, q h

House

Prl.3.

SNiP 2.04.01-85

Wash basin

App.2.

Washing

3. Determination of the estimated water consumption in water supply and sewerage systems and heat for the needs of hot water supply

3.1. Cold, hot water supply and sewerage systems must provide water supply and wastewater disposal (flow rate) corresponding to the estimated number of water consumers or installed sanitary appliances.

3.2. Second water consumption , l / s, water fittings (device),

assigned to one device, it is necessary to determine:

a separate device - according to mandatory Appendix 2;

various devices serving the same water consumers in the section of the dead-end network - in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 3;

various devices serving different water consumers - according to the formula

Pi- the probability of operation of sanitary appliances, determined for each group of water consumers in accordance with clause 3.4;

q 0i- second water consumption (total, hot, cold), l / s, by water fittings (device), taken in accordance with mandatory Appendix 3, for each group of water consumers.

3.3. Maximum second water consumption in the estimated section of the network q (q tot , q h , q c) l / s, should be determined by the formula

q = 5q 0 α,

q 0 (q 0 tot , q 0 h , q 0 c) - second water flow, the value of which should be determined in accordance with clause 3.2;

α Appendix 4, depending on the total number of devices N in the calculated section of the network and the probability of their action P, calculated according to clause 3.4. At the same time, Table 1 of the recommended appendix 4 should be guided by P > 0.1 and N<= 200; при других значениях Р и N

coefficient α should be taken according to the table. 2 recommended applications 4 .

With known calculated values ​​P, N and values ​​q(0) = 0.1; 0.14; 0.2; 0.3 l / s to calculate the maximum second water flow, it is allowed to use nomograms 1-4 of the recommended application 4.

Notes:	1. The water flow at the end sections of the network should be taken according to the calculation, but not less than the maximum second water flow by one of the installed sanitary appliances.
	2. Water consumption for technological needs of industrial enterprises should be determined as the sum of water consumption by technological equipment, provided that the operation of the equipment coincides in time.
	3. For auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, the value of q can be determined as the sum of water consumption for domestic needs according to the formula (2) and shower needs - according to the number of installed shower nets according to the mandatory annex 2.

3.4. Probability of action of sanitary appliances P (P tot , P h , P c) on network sections should be determined by the formulas:

a) with the same water consumers in the building (buildings) or structure (structures) without taking into account changes in the U / N ratio

b) with different groups of water consumers in the building (buildings) or structure (structures) for various purposes

3.5. The maximum second flow rate of wastewater q s , l / s, should be determined:

a) at the total maximum second flow of water qtot<= 8 л/с in networks of cold and hot water supply serving a group of devices, according to the formula

q s = q tot + q 0 s ; (five)

b) in other cases qs = qtot .

3.6. Hourly water consumption of a sanitary appliance q 0,hr (q tot 0,hr , q h 0,hr , q c 0,hr) , l/h, it is necessary to determine:

a) with the same water consumers in the building (buildings) or structure (structures) in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 3;

b) with different water consumers in the building (buildings) or structure (structures) - according to the formula

3.7. The probability of using sanitary appliances for the system as a whole should be determined by the formula

P hr = 3600 P q 0 / q 0,hr , (7)

3.8. The maximum hourly water consumption q hr (q tot hr , q h hr , q c hr) m3/h should be determined by the formula

q hr = 0.005 q 0.hr α hr , (8)

α hr - coefficient determined in accordance with the recommended Appendix 4, depending on the total number of devices N, served by the designed system, and the probability of their use, calculated in accordance with clause 3.7.

At the same time, Table 1 recommended application 4 should be guided at > 0.1 and N<=200, при других значениях и N коэффициент следует принимать по табл. 2 рекомендуемого приложения 4 .

3.9. Average hourly water consumption q T (q tot T , q h T , q c T) , cubic m/h, for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption T, h, should be determined by the formula

3.10. When designing direct water intake from the pipelines of the heating network for the needs of hot water supply, the average temperature of hot water in the water risers should be maintained at 65 ° C, and the hot water consumption rates should be taken in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 3 with a coefficient of 0.85, while the total amount of water consumed should not be changed .

3.11. The maximum hourly wastewater flow rate should be taken equal to the estimated flow rates determined in accordance with clause 3.8.

3.12. The daily water consumption should be determined by summing up the water consumption by all consumers, taking into account the water consumption for irrigation. The daily consumption of wastewater must be taken equal to water consumption, excluding the consumption of water for irrigation.

3.13. heat flow Q T h (Q hr h) , kW, for the period (day, shift) of maximum water consumption for the needs of hot water supply (taking into account heat losses) should be calculated by the formulas:

a) during the average hour

b) during the hour of maximum consumption

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings"
1	General provisions
2	Quality and temperature of water in water supply systems
3	Determination of the estimated water consumption in water supply and sewerage systems and heat for the needs of hot water supply
4	Cold water plumbing systems
5	Hot water plumbing systems
6	Fire water supply systems
7	Calculation of the cold water supply network
8

At the beginning of the explanatory note, a task for course design should be placed, then a table of contents indicating sections and page numbers. At the end of the settlement and explanatory note is a list of used literature, which should be referenced in the text.

The drawings (volume 2 standard sheets) should show: a city plan with horizontal lines with water lines and a water supply network applied to it, a water tower (WB), the location of a water intake structure, a pumping station of the I lift (N.St. I p.), sites of water treatment facilities (WTP) with a pumping station of the II rise (N.St. II p.) on a scale of 1: 5000. The nodes of the water supply network in the drawing must be numbered, and in the calculated sections and conduits

the length and diameter of the pipes are indicated;

piezolines from N.St. II p. to the most remote and highly located point for all design cases;

wiring diagram of the main nodal wells, specification of pipes, fittings and fittings.

3. DETERMINATION OF THE ESTIMATED WATER COSTS BY DIFFERENT USERS

The primary task in the calculation and design of the elements of the water supply system is to determine the volume of water supplied to various consumers.

All types of water consumers are reduced to several main categories: household and drinking needs of the population; water consumption for irrigation of streets, squares and green spaces;

water consumption for local industry and unrecorded costs;

household and drinking needs and showering by workers and employees during their stay at work;

water consumption for technological needs of enterprises receiving it from the city water supply network;

water consumption for firefighting needs.

3.1. Water consumption for household and drinking needs of the population

Estimated (average for the year) daily water consumption Q days. cf. , m3/day, for household and drinking needs of the population is determined by the formula

Q days cf. \u003d q fN w / 1000,

where q w - specific water consumption, taken according to table. 1 ;N W - the estimated number of residents in residential areas with varying degrees of improvement.

Specific water consumption is given in table. 1 and is adopted depending on the improvement of residential areas and climatic conditions.

	Table 1
Specific water consumption
The degree of improvement of the districts	Specific household and drinking
	water consumption in populated areas
residential development	points per inhabitant
	(average daily for the year), l / day.
Development of buildings equipped with internal
plumbing and sewerage:
with bathtubs and local water heaters
with centralized hot water supply

Estimated water consumption per day with maximum and minimum water consumption Q day, m3 / day, will be:

	Q days Max	K days maxQ days cf;
	Q days min	K days minQ day wed,

where K day - the coefficient of daily unevenness, is taken in accordance with clause 2.2. .

K day max = 1.1…1.3; K day min = 0.7…0.9.

Estimated hourly water consumption q h , m3 / h, are determined by the formulas

	q h. max = K h. max Q day. Max
	q h. min \u003d K h. min Q day. min/
	where K h - the coefficient of hourly irregularity, is determined by the formulas
	K h max	= α max β max;
	K h min	= α minβ min,

where α is a coefficient that takes into account the degree of improvement of buildings, the mode of operation of enterprises, etc. It is accepted in accordance with clause 2.2.

α max = 1.2…1.4; α min = 0.4…0.6;

β - coefficient taking into account the number of inhabitants in the settlement, taken according to Table. 2.

table 2

The values ​​of the coefficient β

Number of inhabitants, thousand people

β max

β min

Maximum and minimum second water consumption, l/s:

	q s. Max	Q hours max/ 3.6;
	q s. min		q hours min/ 3.6.

In table. 3. shows the distribution of the maximum daily water consumption by the population by hours of the day, % of Q days. max .

Table 3

Distribution of the maximum daily water consumption by the population by hours of the day,

% of Q days Max

	Hours of the day					K h max

where qfloor - specific average daily water consumption for the irrigation season per inhabitant, l / day.

According to Table. 3, note. 1 q floor \u003d 50 ... 90 l / day, depending on climatic conditions.

It is conditionally assumed that watering in the amount of 80% of Q watering is carried out by machines for 12 hours, and 20% - by janitors for 6 hours a day.

Hourly water consumption for irrigation q h , m3 / h, is:

Water consumption for irrigation is determined separately for each district of the city.

3.3. Water consumption for the needs of local industry

And unrecorded expenses

According to clause 2.1., note. 4 water consumption for the needs of local industry and unaccounted expenses Q n. p , m3 / day, it is allowed to take in the amount of 10 ... 20% of the maximum daily consumption for household and drinking needs of the population separately for each district.

	Q n. p=	(10 - 20%) Q days Max

Unaccounted expenses are distributed evenly over the hours of the day.

3.4. Water consumption by workers and employees during their stay at work

Water consumption by workers and employees during their stay in production consists of household and drinking consumption and the cost of taking a shower. The nature of production, the number of shifts per day and the number of employees in hot and cold shops are indicated in the assignment for course and diploma design.

Estimated water consumption for household and drinking needs per shift

Q see households. pit, m 3, is equal to:

where q cold and q mountains - water consumption rates for household and drinking needs per employee working in cold and hot shops, respectively, l / cm, are accepted in accordance with § 2. In cold shops 25 l/cm. for 1 person with a coefficient of hourly unevenness K h \u003d 3, in hot shops - 45 l / cm.

N cold1000

N mountains 1000 60

Saratov State Technical University

WATER SUPPLY AND WATER SUPPLY OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Guidelines

to course design

for students of specialties 290800, 290300, 290600, 290700

Approved

editorial and publishing council

Saratov State

technical university

Saratov 2011

INTRODUCTION

The guidelines are intended for students of specialties 290300, 290600, 290700, 290800. According to the curriculum, students of specialties 290700, 290800 complete the course project "Water supply and sanitation of a residential building", specialty 290300 - course work on the same topic, and students of specialty 290600 - graphic work.

The implementation of the course project (term paper) provides for independent work with educational, regulatory and reference literature in order to better assimilate the knowledge gained in the study of the discipline and acquire skills in solving practical and engineering problems in water supply and sanitation.

In the course project carried out by students of specialties 290700, 290800, the design of water supply and sanitation is carried out for residential buildings with a number of floors of 7 - 11. number of floors 4 - 6.

The paper does not consider the design of local installations for the treatment and pumping of wastewater, which are mainly provided for in buildings for special purposes.

The design of water supply and sanitation is carried out in mutual coordination.

The design of water supply for a residential building is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.01-85 and SNiP 2.04.02-84.

The design of the drainage of a residential building is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.01-85 and SNiP 2.04.03-84.

WATER SUPPLY DESIGN

Internal plumbing

Internal water supply systems of a residential building include: building inlets, water metering units, a distribution network, risers, connections to sanitary appliances, water folding, mixing, shut-off and control valves and installations for increasing water pressure in the network.

Most often, dead-end network schemes are used for domestic and drinking water supply systems.

Plumbing entry. The input of the internal water supply is considered to be a section of the pipeline connecting the external water supply to the internal water supply network to the water meter unit or shutoff valves located inside the building. The number of inputs depends on the mode of water supply to consumers. Each water supply inlet in residential buildings is designed for the number of apartments not more than 400. It is advisable to lay the inlet in the middle part of the building at a right angle to the building wall.

The pipeline section from the input to the external network is laid with a slope of at least 0.002 towards the external network.

In dry soils, when crossing walls or foundations, it is recommended to lay the bushings in cases of steel pipes, followed by sealing with a resin strand and crumpled clay, and outside with cement mortar.

The depth of laying the input is assigned depending on the depth of laying the pipes of the street water supply network and the depth of soil freezing.

The horizontal distance in the light between the inlets of the drinking water supply and the outlets of the sewerage and drains must be at least 1.5 m with an inlet diameter of up to 200 mm.

Water meter. The water meter unit serves to measure the amount of water supplied to the building, and consists of a water meter and fittings necessary to turn it off. The water meter is installed on the pipeline between two valves or gates, as a result of which a water meter assembly is formed.

Meters at cold water inlets should be installed near the outer wall of the building in a convenient and easily accessible room with artificial or natural lighting and an air temperature of at least 5 ° C. If it is impossible to place meters in the building, it is allowed to install them outside the building in special wells.

Vane meters are installed only horizontally, and turbine meters - in any position. On each side of the meters, straight sections of pipelines should be provided, the length of which is determined

in accordance with GOSTs for water meters, valves or gate valves. A drain cock should be installed between the meter and the second (in terms of water movement) valve or valve.

A bypass line at the cold water meter is required if there is one input to the building, as well as in cases where the meter is not designed for the estimated water consumption for internal fire extinguishing. The bypass line should be designed for the maximum (including fire) water flow. On the bypass line, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a gate valve, sealed at normal times in the closed position.

Pumping plant. A pumping installation on an internal water supply is necessary with a constant or periodic lack of pressure, usually when water does not reach the upper floors of the building through pipes. The pump adds the necessary pressure in the water supply. The most commonly used centrifugal type pumps are driven by an electric motor. The minimum number of pumps is two, of which one is working and the other is standby.

Check valves prevent back pressure on the water pump from the building and also prevent unwanted circulation. The bypass line of the pumping unit, in contrast to the water metering unit, on the contrary, is always open. This is due to the fact that during periods of sufficient pressure from the external network, the operation of the pump is not required. Then the pump is turned off by an electromanometer, and water enters the building through the bypass line.

Regulating containers. Regulating tanks are water pressure and hydropneumatic tanks.

Water tanks, round or rectangular, are made of steel sheet. To prevent water overheating in summer and condensation in winter, the tanks are covered with a layer of thermal insulation on the outside. To collect water that may leak from the tank, and condensate resulting from insufficient thermal insulation, a pan is installed under the tank.

Hydropneumatic cylindrical tanks with spherical bottoms are filled with water and compressed air, which creates the pressure necessary to raise water to all consumers.

Typically, hydropneumatic tanks work in conjunction with pumps, forming a hydropneumatic installation.

Distribution network of water supply. The distribution networks of the internal water supply are laid, in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01-85, in basements, technical undergrounds and floors, in attics, in the absence of attics - on the ground floor in underground channels together with heating pipelines or under the floor with a removable frieze device or under the ceiling top floor.

Pipelines can be attached:

With leaning on walls and partitions in places of mounting holes;

With support on the basement floor through concrete or brick columns;

With support on brackets along walls and partitions;

With leaning on suspension brackets to overlappings.

In basements and technical undergrounds, pipes Ø 15, 20 or 25 mm are connected to the distribution networks of the water supply system, supplying water to irrigation taps, which are usually led out into the niches of the basement walls at a height of about 0.30 ... 0.35 m above the ground. cranes are placed in increments of 60 ... 70 meters.

Plumbing stands. A riser is any vertical pipeline. Water risers are placed and designed according to the following principles:

1. One riser per group of closely spaced taps.

2. Mostly in the bathrooms.

3. On one side of a group of closely spaced water fittings.

4. The gap between the wall and the riser is 3-5 cm.

5. A shut-off valve is provided at the base of the riser.

Floor connections. Floor (apartment) connections supply water from risers to water folding and mixing fittings: to taps, mixers, valves of flush tanks. The diameters of the eyeliners are usually taken without calculation Ø 15 mm. This is due to the same diameter of the water folding and mixing fittings.

Directly near the riser, a shut-off valve Ø 15 mm and an apartment water meter VK-15 are installed on the piping. Next, the pipes are brought to the taps and mixers, and the pipes are led at a height of 0.2 m from the floor. An additional valve is installed in front of the flush tank on the inlet for manual adjustment of the pressure in front of the float valve.

Water folding and mixing fittings. Water folding and mixing fittings are used to obtain water from the water supply system. It is installed at the ends of the supply pipelines at a certain height above the floor, regulated by SNiP 3.05.01-85.

Plumbing calculation

Determination of the estimated costs of cold water supply

1. The maximum daily consumption of cold water, l / day, is determined by the formula

, (1.1)

where - the total rate of water consumption by the consumer per day of the highest water consumption (from the task - the rate of water consumption), l / day;

- the rate of consumption of hot water by the consumer on the day of the highest water consumption, l / day, the value of which should be determined in accordance with Appendix 1;

- the number of water consumers in the entire house (determined based on the fact that there is one resident for each living room).

2. The maximum second water consumption in the estimated section of the network , l/s, is determined by the formula

where - second consumption of cold water by a sanitary fixture (fitting), l / s, the value of which should be determined in accordance with Appendix 1;

- dimensionless coefficient, depending on the total number of devices in the estimated section of the network and the probability of their action, determined according to Appendix 2.

Probability of action of sanitary appliances on network sections is determined by the formula

, (1.3)

where - the rate of consumption of cold water by the consumer at the hour of the highest water consumption, l / h, is taken in accordance with Appendix 1;

where - the general rate of water consumption by the consumer at the hour of the highest water consumption, l / h, is taken in accordance with Appendix 1;

- the rate of consumption of hot water by the consumer at the hour of the highest water consumption, l / h, is taken in accordance with Appendix 1;

- the number of taps.

The number of water folding devices is determined by the formula

, (1.5)

where is the number of water fittings in one apartment.

3. Maximum hourly water consumption , m 3 / h, should be determined by the formula

, (1.6)

where - the consumption of cold water by a sanitary appliance, l / h, taken in accordance with Appendix 1;

- dimensionless coefficient depending on the total number of devices served by the designed system, and the probability of their use, determined in accordance with Appendix 2.

The probability of using sanitary appliances for the system as a whole should be determined by the formula

. (1.7)

The maximum hourly flow rate is used in the calculation of the hydropneumatic booster.

1.2.2. Selection of a water meter (water meter)

Before choosing a water meter, it is necessary to determine the estimated water flow: maximum daily, average hourly and maximum hourly.

The maximum daily water consumption, m 3 / day, for the needs of water supply is determined by the formula

. (1.8)

Average hourly water consumption, m 3 / h, per day of maximum water consumption

Operational parameters of high-speed water meters are presented in Table 1.1.

The diameter of the nominal passage of the water meter should be selected based on the total average hourly water consumption per day of maximum water consumption, which should not exceed the operating consumption for a meter of this caliber, given in Table 1.1, and the pressure loss in it.