Antiemetics for adults. Antiemetics. When should antiemetics be used?

Updated: 29.10.2018 15:50:58

Judge: Boris Kaganovich

*Overview of the best in the opinion of the editors of the site. About selection criteria. This material is subjective, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a guide to the purchase. Before buying, you need to consult with a specialist.

Despite the fact that nausea and vomiting is a very painful and unpleasant symptom, the rating medicines, with antiemetic action, will be surprisingly poor. If we consider remedies for headaches, for arterial hypertension or for the treatment of pneumonia, then we can not only pick up two or three dozen drugs, but combine them into various groups. It is difficult to unite antiemetics into groups, and perhaps there are not even a dozen original drugs.

Although the cause of nausea and vomiting can be varied, this symptom requires the use of few medications. Vomiting can occur with dizziness, due to neurosis or stress, motion sickness, flying on airplanes, and as a side effect of the occurrence of drugs, for example, in cancer patients during a course of chemotherapy.

The reason is that nausea and vomiting, or just vomiting without nausea when antiemetics are prescribed, is almost never seen as a symptom of intoxication and inflammation. But it is precisely on this occasion that these symptoms most often occur!

If vomiting accompanies acute poisoning, intestinal infection, then this symptom disappears when the underlying disease is treated, antiemetics are not needed. With meningitis, due to irritation of the meninges and the vomiting center of the brain, there is a so-called cerebral vomiting, without nausea. In this case, the unsuspecting patient suddenly spews a powerful fountain of vomit without any warning from the body, without the slightest feeling of nausea. With meningitis, antiemetics are also not prescribed, because after stopping the inflammation on the meninges, vomiting disappears by itself. Therefore, antiemetics fight the gag reflex, and the point of their application is almost always different links in the arc of this reflex.

Attention! Antiemetics are strictly forbidden to be used for acute poisoning, intestinal infections, alcohol intoxication and similar conditions when vomiting cleanses the body and removes alcohol and microbial toxins from the stomach. The only exception would be acute radiation injury and radiation sickness.

Rating of the best remedies for vomiting

Motilium, Motilak, Domstal, Motizhekt, Passazhiks (domperidone)

The active ingredient is domperidone, it blocks dopamine receptors that exist in different parts of the central nervous system. Motilium is indicated for the treatment of chronic diseases of the esophagus, intestines and stomach, accompanied by belching, heartburn, a variety of symptoms of gastric dyspepsia - nausea, vomiting and a feeling of fullness in the gastric region.

Motilium should be taken one tablet half an hour before meals, and if necessary at bedtime. Each tablet contains 10 mg of domperidone, the maximum daily dose is 8 tablets for adults. The pharmaceutical company Janssen Silag produces Motilium, and the cost of one package of 30 tablets averages 670 rubles. The cheapest analogue of Motilium is considered to be domestic domperidone, which is produced by the Ozone company. The average cost for such a package is about 80 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of Motilium is its rather high efficiency, with a slight urge to vomit, and with mild nausea, sometimes 1 or 2 tablets per day are enough. On the other hand, there are contraindications. These include gastrointestinal bleeding, severe liver dysfunction, prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor, and phenylketonuria. But in the event that all indications and contraindications are taken into account, then this remedy will be indispensable in the symptomatic treatment of nausea and vomiting.

Cerucal, Perinorm (Metoclopramide)

The active substance of Cerucal is metoclopramide. It acts on the same dopamine receptors as domperidone and is also their central blocker. Cerucal is indicated for use in diseases such as acute gastritis with a feeling of nausea, a state of pylorospasm, when food is retained in the stomach, and its atony. Cerucal is used by injection for intestinal obstruction after surgery, for heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux, for nausea and vomiting in patients in the acute period of stroke, as well as for the successful implementation of diagnostic techniques, for example, before esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

You need to take Cerucal one tablet half an hour before meals, the average dose for adults is one tablet three or four times a day, but not more than 6 tablets a day. The Croatian pharmaceutical company Pliva produces Cerucal, and the cost of 1 pack of 50 tablets of 10 mg each averages 120 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

A big plus of Cerucal is the ability to conduct long-term therapy, which can be two, three or more months, but not more than six months. Cerucal can also be used as an additional therapy in the treatment of cytostatics, such as Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide and other means to level them. side effects. The advantage of Cerucal will be the presence of an injectable form that quickly helps either eliminate nausea or prevent it, for example, when conducting invasive studies.

Zofran, Latran, Emetron (ondansentron)

This is a modern antiemetic medicine produced by the well-known company Novartis, Switzerland. Active ingredient is ondansetron, a xerotonin receptor antagonist. It is known that drugs for the treatment of cancer and cytostatics cause an increase in the concentration of serotonin in the central nervous system, and it is able to stimulate the vomiting center through the parasympathetic system. Ondansentron, blocking receptors, inhibits the vomiting reflex arc.

Zofran is indicated mainly as concomitant therapy in patients taking cytostatics and chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as those undergoing radiation therapy. Other indications will be various postoperative conditions, when the patient is worried about nausea and vomiting, and often this occurs not only after operations on gastrointestinal tract, but also with a gradual decrease in the effects of general anesthesia. This tool is available in a variety of forms: parenteral administration, in lozenges, and in the form of strawberry-flavored syrup. Each tablet contains 4 mg or 8 mg of the active agent, and no more than 4 tablets of 8 mg can be taken per day. The first tablet is taken one hour before the chemotherapy session.

The cost of absorbable tablets is quite high. A package of only 10 Zofran tablets of 8 mg costs, on average, 2100 rubles. But there are more affordable analogues. So, ondansetron, produced by the Israeli company Teva, costs only 306 rubles for the same package.

Advantages and disadvantages

Since this drug is serious, it should not be used in pregnant women, during lactation, and also in children under the age of two years. Of the side effects, a variety of allergic reactions are known, dry mouth, chest pain, headache and feeling hot. However, the effectiveness of this drug is so high that even with high-dose chemotherapy, in which such a side effect as nausea occurs in almost 100% of cases, ondansetron can significantly improve the patient's quality of life during this difficult type of treatment.

Note: There is an even more specific antiemetic from this group, this is granisetron, the original drug is Kytril. It produces an even stronger antiemetic effect, and only affects those serotonin receptors that are responsible for the gag reflex. This drug has much higher efficacy and safety, but at the same time its cost is even higher. One package of domestic granisetron, which is obviously cheaper than all foreign drugs, and even more so the original one, is 5,000 rubles for a package of only 10 tablets. One can only guess about the cost of the original drug Kytril.

Dramina, Aviamarin, Ciel (dimenhydrinate)

At the end of this small rating of antiemetics, it is necessary to say a few words of comfort and that is quite healthy people, who may experience the unpleasant symptoms of sea and air sickness, who are motion sickness in a car. Antiemetics are also needed for patients with various forms of dizziness, vestibular neuronitis and Meniere's disease, which are often treated by ENT doctors.

For such patients, there is the drug Dramina and its analogues, in which active ingredient is 50mg of dimenhydrinate in each tablet. This remedy belongs to the group of blockers of histamine receptors and cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. Dramina acts on the structures of the vestibular apparatus, on its semicircular canals and special pebbles, or otoliths. In addition to reducing nausea and vomiting, this remedy significantly reduces appetite, has a sedative effect, slightly reduces allergy symptoms, and helps to reduce dizziness.

Dramina should be taken before meals. With motion sickness, adults are shown taking no more than 6 tablets per day, divided into 3 doses, and with systemic dizziness, Meniere's disease and labyrinthitis, the dosage and frequency of administration is determined by the ENT doctor. The Croatian company Jadran produces Dramina, and a pack of 10 tablets costs 180 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

Unfortunately, this drug, despite the pronounced antiemetic effect, is characterized by all the shortcomings of the group of histamine receptor blockers. Often there is anxiety, drowsiness, stuffy nose, constipation and dry mouth, urinary retention, and other unpleasant effects. In case of an overdose, all these symptoms increase significantly, so do not exceed the required dosage.

To top it off, taking Dramina slows down the speed of the reaction of the driver, so you should not drive after taking this drug, as well as work with various machines and mechanisms. This drug and its analogues are contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy, breastfeeding, epilepsy and glaucoma.

Of course, the list of contraindications and side effects is quite impressive, and some will be willing to endure the unpleasant symptoms of seasickness than take a rather crude drug. But with vestibular neuronitis, the attacks of dizziness can be so severe that the patient lies clutching the bed, it seems to him that the room is spinning around him in one direction, like on a carousel, and at the same time he experiences debilitating bouts of repeated vomiting. It is in such cases that Dramina will alleviate the patient's condition, while positive action far outweigh the side effects listed above.

Vomiting and nausea are not independent diseases, but symptoms of a developing disorder. It may be associated with poisoning of the body with toxic substances, improper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and other reasons. With a single appearance of such symptoms and the possibility of its rapid elimination, a medical examination is optional. If the patient's condition does not worsen, he may not turn to specialists, but simply maintain a healthy lifestyle and proper diet nutrition. But with constant nausea and developing vomiting, we can talk about pathological and dangerous processes for the patient. In this case, self-medication is undesirable and it is better to consult a doctor who can prescribe medications against vomiting, taking into account the patient's condition.

Among the main reasons for the violation are the following:

Attention! With food poisoning, the patient rarely has a large number of disorders, except for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and weakness. For other reasons for the development of discomfort, as a rule, there is a whole bouquet disorders that affect the entire body. But if the symptom manifests itself for more than a day, even in the absence of dysfunction of other organs, you need to seek specialized help.

Medicines for vomiting and nausea in children

Motilium

A drug based on domperidone, which quickly blocks dopamine receptors. Thanks to this effect, it is possible to quickly suppress the gag reflex, get rid of such disorders as heartburn, nausea, hiccups and increased gas formation. The dosage of the drug is selected individually for each child and can be 0.25-0.5 ml per kilogram of weight. In childhood, it is recommended to take only the liquid form of Motilium, as it is quickly absorbed and acts within the first few minutes. The course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

Cerucal

An excellent antiemetic that can quickly relieve symptoms and prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition. In childhood, the medication can be taken in the form of tablets and injections for intramuscular injection. The tablet form of Cerucal can only be used from the age of six. In this case, the dose of the active substance is 0.5-1 tablet three times a day 30 minutes before the main meal. When using injections, the specialist should administer 1-2 ml of the active substance, the number of daily doses depends on the severity of the patient. The duration of treatment is determined by individual indications.

Hydrovit and Regidron

The action of these drugs is aimed at stopping vomiting and restoring water balance. Hydrovit and Regidron are pre-diluted with a glucose solution, usually a liquid is used at a concentration of 5% of the active substance. Medications with glucose are mixed in a ratio of 2 to 1. To restore the mineral balance, the drug is given to the baby every five minutes in a teaspoon. At this rate, treatment continues for several hours until the patient drinks the drug at a dose of 100 ml / kg of body. Usually it takes 3-6 hours. Then the same solution, also at a dose of 100 ml/kg, is taken for the remaining hours of the day. The need for repeated administration of Regidron and Hydrovit is determined by the attending physician.

Attention! Self-treatment of children with vomiting and prolonged nausea is prohibited. If the baby's condition does not improve within 2-3 hours, you need to call emergency care.

Buscopan for vomiting and nausea

Video: What to give a child with vomiting, nausea

This drug can be taken from the age of six, but most often it is prescribed for adult patients. Buscopan copes well with vomiting, which was provoked by pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as problems with the kidneys and gallbladder. Available in the form of tablets and rectal suppositories. Candles in the described syndrome are used only if oral use of the drug is impossible.

Taking into account the severity of the disease, patients are recommended to take 10-20 mg of the active ingredient 20 minutes before the main meal. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the course of the violation, it is completely determined by the attending physician. When using Buscopan, it is imperative to maintain a drinking regimen and prevent dehydration.

Attention! In some cases, when treating vomiting and nausea with Buscopan, patients complained of side effects such as allergic reactions, dryness of the oral mucosa and tachycardia.

Dimenhydrinate for vomiting and nausea

This drug is used to suppress the gag reflex and nausea during travel and travel. But he also copes well with unpleasant symptoms if they are provoked by other disorders when it is impossible to use a more suitable medication. Dimenhydrinate also copes with dizziness and mild headache.

Taking the drug and its dosage depends on the age of the patient and the intensity of the manifestation of discomfort.

The drug is usually taken once, but can be used repeatedly, but not more than three doses of the active substance. At the same time, it is impossible long time drink Dimenhydrinate to suppress discomfort that is not related to travel and travel.

In some cases, the drug provoked side effects such as problems with urination, so men with prostatitis and other problems in the genitourinary system of this type should take the drug with great caution. There are also side effects such as severe weakness and drowsiness. Rash and swelling are extremely rare.

Attention! Despite its real effectiveness, even in suppressing unpleasant symptoms caused by pathological processes, Dimenhydrinate should not be taken by cancer patients. Vomiting and nausea of ​​this nature is required to be suppressed by more highly specialized means.

Bonin for vomiting and nausea

This drug can be used to relieve unpleasant symptom without taking into account its etymology, only oncological patients can make an exception. At the same time, Bonin perfectly suppresses toxicosis of pregnant women and prevents further deterioration of the patient's condition and removes the threat of miscarriage and exhaustion.

The therapeutic effect begins to unfold after the application of Bonin within an hour. And the achieved effect persists for a day. Doses and the number of daily doses can only be determined by the attending physician. Usually the dosage of the active substance is 25-50 mg once. In rare cases, the drug provoked such undesirable effects as increased dryness of the mouth, drowsiness and apathy against the background of increased fatigue.

Attention! During pregnancy, any antiemetic drugs are prescribed only if vomiting is recorded more than 10 times a day and there is an increased tone of the uterus, as well as weight loss.

Furazolidone for vomiting and nausea

The drug is available in the form of tablets for oral use. In addition to vomiting and nausea, Furazolidone also removes such unpleasant symptoms as diarrhea, increased gas formation and flatulence. It is most often used to relieve discomfort, which is provoked by poisoning, infections and problems in the functioning of the digestive tract.

To relieve an unpleasant symptom, you need to take 2 tablets of the active substance 30 minutes before meals or when an attack occurs, if it is of a primary nature. During the day, you should drink 6 doses of the active substance, divided into three uses. The duration of therapy cannot last more than 10 days, but doctors recommend that you finish taking it on day 5-7. In diseases of the pancreas, the drug is not recommended to be taken or a serious adjustment of the safe dose for the patient is required.

Attention! In childhood, you can use a drug similar to Furazolidone called Nifuroxazide. It comes in the form of a suspension and has minimal effect on the pancreas.

Video: Furazolidone tablets

Navoban against vomiting and nausea

This medication is one of the most powerful and fastest in its class. It is used to stop an attack during the treatment of oncological processes and during the recovery period after any surgical interventions. Taking into account the complication of the condition, it is possible to adjust single doses and the number of daily uses.

Usually, adult patients are prescribed 5 mg of the active ingredient on the first day of therapy once. Navoban in this case is administered intravenously. From the second day, the intake is carried out in the form of capsules, they should be taken one hour before meals. The patient takes one dose of the active substance once a day. Instead of capsules, you can also use a solution, but for this it is initially diluted in equal amounts with any fruit juice. The dose is also 5 mg of the active ingredient. The duration of therapy is six days.

Latran for nausea and vomiting

The drug is available in several forms: syrup, tablets, rectal suppositories and solutions for injection. The release form of Latran depends on the etymology of nausea and vomiting. During chemotherapy and during the recovery period after surgical interventions, the solution should be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. With a moderate syndrome, as well as in the treatment of vomiting due to the use of a large amount of any medication, syrup or tablets are used. Rectal suppositories are used only if oral treatment is not possible.

The dosage of the active substance for an adult patient also varies and can be 8-32 mg of the active ingredient. The duration of therapy is usually five days, regardless of the reason for taking Latran, with the exception of patients with vomiting and nausea after an overdose of medications. Their treatment may have a single or shorter duration.

Nausea drugs without gag reflex

A drug	Image	Dose	Price in Russia in rubles
		1-2 tablets (no more than 11 per day)	150-400
		1-2 sachets (no more than 6 per day)	350-500
		1 tablet four times a day	1000
			150-400
		20-40 mg	80-200
		1-2 dragees (no more than 6 per day)	130
		1-2 tablets (no more than 8 per day)	100-300

Attention! The described medicines also do an excellent job with heartburn. Part medicines able to remove the symptoms of disorder and indigestion. With a gag reflex, they can only play an auxiliary role to alleviate the general condition.

If problems arise in the form of nausea and vomiting, taking into account the general condition and response to treatment, it is recommended, if possible, to undergo medical examination. It will allow you to identify the exact cause of the violation and predict the further development of the situation. In addition, the doctor will be able to correctly select the doses of the active substance and the most suitable medication. With proper treatment, relief of the condition comes already on the first day, regardless of the main factor provoking the violation.

Nausea and vomiting are extremely unpleasant manifestations of food poisoning, intestinal infections and many other diseases. As a rule, they appear together: first, a dreary wave rolls up to the throat, and then vomiting begins. In this situation, you need to know how to stop vomiting by choosing effective pills.

Prokinetics

Injections, suspensions and tablets for nausea and vomiting of this group activate the motility of the digestive tract. Tablets increase the tone of smooth muscles, which is the reason for the disappearance of discomfort.

Cerucal

The antiemetic effect of the drug is explained by the effect on dopamine and serotonin receptors, a decrease in the sensitivity of visceral cells and an improvement in the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Application pills for vomiting leads to the restoration of the normal amount of secreted bile, a decrease in the time for the evacuation of the contents of the stomach into the duodenum 12.

Cerucal is available in the form of powder tablets for the preparation of an injection solution. It is shown under the following conditions:

• irritable bowel syndrome;
• functional pyloric stenosis;
• paresis of the stomach caused by the consequences of diabetes mellitus;
• nausea and vomiting of various origins.

Tablets for vomiting and nausea appoint adult patients, children older than three years. Adults and teenagers can drink 10 g three times a day. Child under 12 years old pills for vomiting give at the rate of 0.1 mg per 1 kg of weight.

Cerucal is not prescribed during pregnancy, intestinal obstruction, bronchial asthma and intestinal perforation. Contraindications also include epilepsy and individual intolerance.

Motilium

If you are wondering how to get rid of vomiting and nausea caused by overeating, stress or indigestion, use Motilium. Tablets are sold in pharmacies without a prescription. Means restores normal motility of the stomach, inhibits the activity of nerve receptors, eliminating dyspeptic manifestations:

• hiccups
• loss of appetite;
• heartburn;
• bloating;
• belching
• vomiting and nausea;
• heaviness and a feeling of weaving.

Tablets for vomiting can be used during pregnancy and lactation, if the possible risks to the mother outweigh the consequences of using the drug for the child. It is forbidden to use the medication for gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, hyperprolactinemia.

Motilium is prescribed for children over 5 years old and adults. To eliminate dyspeptic symptoms, a dosage of 10 mg 3 times a day is used. With severe nausea and vomiting, you can drink a double dose of tablets.

M-cholinergic receptor blockers

Medicines in this group affect the parasympathetic division of the nervous system. They reduce the secretion of the digestive glands, and also weaken the tone of the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

Buscopan

This remedy for nausea and vomiting reduces the secretion of the glands of the digestive tract, has an antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the digestive tract and the genitourinary system. It is shown at:

• spasms of the digestive tract and genitourinary tract, including biliary and intestinal colic, pylorospasm;
• exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach;
• spastic biliary dyskinesia.

An inexpensive medicine for vomiting is available in the form of tablets and rectal suppositories. It can be used to treat children over 6 years of age, women during pregnancy and lactation, but on early dates gestation, you need to consult a doctor. The standard dosage is 1-2 tablets/suppositories per day.

The tool is not prescribed for glaucoma, myasthenia gravis and megacolon. It is better to replace it with an analog.

The therapeutic effect of the drug includes:

• elimination and prevention of spasm of smooth muscles of the stomach, intestines, gallbladder and bile ducts;
• weakening of peristalsis;
• decreased activity of pancreatic secretion, hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Riabal is prescribed for nausea and vomiting, crampy abdominal pain and bloating. The list of contraindications includes prostate adenoma, glaucoma, chronic heart failure, ischemic disease heart and a number of other diseases. It is used to treat newborns (in the form of syrup), children over 6 years old (tablets) and adults. Pregnancy and period breastfeeding do not belong to the list of contraindications.

Adults and adolescents over 12 years of age are prescribed 30-60 mg of the drug for vomiting three times a day. For children under this age, the dosage is calculated taking into account weight, age and dosage form used.

Preparations of the nitrofuran group

These drugs are used for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal and toxic infections. They suppress the growth of pathogens, destroy pathogenic microorganisms, bind and remove toxic products of their vital activity.

Enterofuril

Medicine for nausea and vomiting is an antimicrobial, but not an antibiotic. It inhibits the activity of most types of pathogens of intestinal infections, therefore it is recommended in the presence of symptoms of AII - diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, elevated temperature, dizziness and weakness. The tool is used after agreement with the doctor, as a prevention of dehydration.

Children from one to seven years of age are recommended to give a drug for vomiting in the form of a suspension, 100-200 mg three times a day. The dosage is calculated taking into account the age of the child. Adults and children over 7 years of age are prescribed 200 mg of the drug in capsules, 4 times a day.

The list of contraindications includes childhood less than a month and individual intolerance to the components. It can be used during pregnancy with the permission of a doctor.

Stopdiar

Antimicrobial agent based on nifuroxazide. Available in the form of tablets and suspensions for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections accompanied by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and other specific symptoms.

Stopdiar tablets are contraindicated for the treatment of children under seven years of age, as well as for individual intolerance to nifuroxazide. During the period of bearing a child and breastfeeding, the use of the drug is possible at the discretion of the doctor.

The drug is taken 2 tablets 4 times a day with a small amount of liquid. There should be at least 6 hours between doses.

Serotonin receptor antagonists

They block the transmission of nerve impulses in the parts of the brain responsible for the gag reflex. Medicines are used for severe nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy or other potent factors.

Tropisetron

The drug blocks the gag reflex caused by the intake of chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs for 24 hours. Unlike analogues, it does not lead to kinetic disorders - hand tremors, impaired coordination. Due to the high activity of the remedy for vomiting, it can be taken only once a day.

The drug is available in the form of capsules and solution for injection in ampoules. It is used in courses of 6 days. On the first day of the course, Tropisetron is administered using a dropper intravenously, the next 5 days are prescribed capsules.

The daily dose is 5 mg. Contraindications include pregnancy and individual intolerance to the components.

Combined funds

Medicines in this group are appropriate when the cause of nausea or vomiting has not been established. They have several properties - antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial. Sometimes a single use of such a drug is enough to completely eliminate nausea and vomiting.

But spasm

Eliminates spastic pains, nausea and vomiting, relaxes smooth muscles, suppresses inflammatory processes in the stomach and intestines. Consist of paracetamol, NSAIDs and anticholinergic. It is prescribed for renal, intestinal, gastric colic of moderate intensity, 1 tablet three times a day.

The drug is not used in pediatrics, it is strictly prohibited during pregnancy. Contraindications also include internal bleeding, peptic ulcer, glaucoma, chronic alcohol dependence.

Remedies for nausea not accompanied by vomiting

Sometimes nausea does not turn into vomiting, but it causes a lot of trouble. This symptom is typical for the so-called. seasickness, alcohol intoxication or banal motion sickness caused by weakness of the vestibular apparatus. Enough to know what to drink for nausea. There is no need for strong antiemetics.

Aeron

A medicine for nausea and vomiting, which is used for air sickness and motion sickness, to reduce salivation and mucus flow before carrying out plastic surgery. It is a combination of hyoscyamine and scopolamine.

The medication is available in the form of tablets and rectal suppositories. The dosage is calculated taking into account the severity of the disease:

• for prevention - 1-2 tablets half an hour before the departure of transport;
• in case of deterioration of health (nausea, headache, weakness) - a second dose after 6 hours.

It is allowed to drink no more than 2 tablets at a time. The maximum daily dosage is 0.002 g (4 tablets).

With intense, indomitable nausea, candles should be used. The dosage is calculated in the same way.

The drug should not be taken with increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma). There are no other contraindications.

dimenhydrinate for nausea

Hi-receptor blocker, used to relieve nausea of ​​various etiologies. It differs from analogues by a relatively low price. Produced in the form of tablets, which are prescribed based on the condition of the patient.

For mild nausea, adults are advised to take 1-2 tablets at a time, in total from 4 to 6 doses per day. You can drink the same dosage as a prophylaxis against nausea 0.5-1 hour before the intended trip.

Babies from nausea up to 6 years old are given 0.25 or 0.5 tablets 2-3 times a day. Children from 7 to 12 years old - half or a whole tablet, with the same frequency. The drug is not recommended for hypersensitivity to its components. Most product reviews positive for nausea.

Antiemetics (antiemetics) These are drugs that suppress nausea and vomiting. Depending on the species, they block different pathogenetic links of the gag reflex.

2 areas in the brain are responsible for the appearance of vomiting. The first is the vomiting center, which is activated by impulses coming from peripheral nerve cells. The second is the chemoreceptor trigger zone. She reacts to changes in the composition of the blood, then sends signals to the vomiting center. Antiemetics suppress the activity of the receptors of this area and block the work of the vomiting center.

Serotonin receptor antagonists

Serotonin is one of the biologically active substances responsible for the transmission of electrochemical nerve impulses. Plays the role of a cellular mediator of inflammation. An increase in its concentration leads to vomiting. This group of drugs blocks serotonin receptors. Because of this, the release of serotonin is not suppressed, but the reaction in the form of vomiting does not occur. The main "point of application" are the 5-HT 3 receptors located in the gastrointestinal tract and the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Representatives:

Histamine H1 receptor blockers

Histamine is an inflammatory mediator. more commonly known as anti-allergic drugs, but can also suppress vomiting. They block H 1 receptors of the chemoreceptor trigger zone and the vestibular analyzer responsible for assessing the position of the body in space. Only suitable as antiemetics antihistamines 1st generation, because they penetrate the CNS. Representatives:

Anticholinergic

The main task of these drugs in vomiting is to prevent or suppress the interaction of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) and M receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Cholinolytics have not only antiemetic, but also antispasmodic, sedative effects. Examples of drugs:

Dopamine antagonists

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that induces vomiting when stimulated by chemoreceptors in the trigger zone. By activating peripheral receptors, it enhances the reflux of the food bolus (reverse reflux) from the duodenum to the stomach and from the stomach to the esophagus. There are several subgroups of drugs that block dopamine receptors. Representatives:

There are drugs that immediately block histamine, dopamine, cholinergic receptors. One of these is Amitriptyline. More often it is used as an antidepressant.

Features of the use of antiemetic drugs

Antiemetics are selected in accordance with. There is no universal drug. Antiemetics are able to suppress discomfort, but do not affect the true cause of vomiting. You can take them only after consulting a doctor.

With rotavirus in children

Dopamine receptor blockers are used. Domperidone (Motilium) is approved for infants. It normalizes gastrointestinal motility and eliminates vomiting.

With chemotherapy

The action of chemotherapy drugs is accompanied by a powerful release of serotonin. Therefore, preference is given to serotonin receptor antagonists: Ondansetron, Tropisetron, Granisetron. Their action, if necessary, is enhanced by combining with dexamethasone.

Metoclopramide is the second line drug. In high doses, it is able to block not only dopamine receptors, 5-HT 4 , but 5-HT 3 receptors, which play a major role in the genesis of vomiting during chemotherapy.

In case of poisoning

As with rotavirus, dopamine receptor blockers are indicated. Metoclopramide and Domperidone have proven themselves well.

During pregnancy

Pyridoxine (vitamin B 6) and mint dragees are recognized as safe. They are used for mild nausea. If these drugs do not help, resort to the use of stronger antiemetics.

Dopamine receptor blockers are used with caution. In the early stages, metoclopramide is allowed. It cannot be used in the third trimester of gestation.

Second-line drugs are antihistamines. Pregnant women may be prescribed Bonin (Meclozin).

With intoxication

When intoxicated with alcohol, cardiac glycosides, dopamine receptor blockers are used: Metoclopramide, Domperidone.

When intoxicated with synthetic narcotic drugs, dopamine receptor blockers (phenothiazines and butyrophenones) are also used: Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol.

With vomiting of vestibular origin

To stop vomiting during motion sickness, antihistamines are used. Meclozine (Bonin) is used.

Effective. The drug of choice is Aeron (based on scopolamine).

Dopamine receptor blockers (Metoclopramide) are ineffective in vestibular vomiting.

Contraindications

A common contraindication for all antiemetic drugs is hypersensitivity to any of its components. 5-HT 3 receptor blockers should not be given to pregnant, breastfeeding or children under 2 years of age.

The exact restrictions on drugs depend on the type of drug. For this reason, it is always necessary to read the annotation for each of them.

For histamine receptor blockers

For anticholinergics

For dopamine antagonists

Are there side effects?

Analgesics and anesthetics used by patients for pain relief are difficult to tolerate. Often lead to side effects: nausea and vomiting. Doctors recommend taking antiemetic drugs, especially in the postoperative period or after a course of chemotherapy.

What types of drugs are there, and what pharmaceuticals from the new 3rd generation offer, we will consider in more detail.

Types of anti-vomiting drugs

The gag reflex often occurs in people at the moment when impulses are supplied to the motor department of the vomiting center. A certain anti-peristalsis or peristaltic wave is formed in smooth muscles, leading to spasms and toxicosis of the body as a whole. To block and minimize the strength of this wave, antagonists will help, which are prescribed to patients after surgery or chemotherapy when vomiting occurs against the background of a strong toxic effect of the prescribed drugs.

1. 5-NTZ antagonists (Ondansetron, Granisetron, Olanzapine, Prochlorperazine, Droperidol, Aminazine, Motilium, Metoclopramide, Cerucal) contribute to the blocking of serotonin receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, acting on the brain, eliminate the approaches of vomiting after a course of chemotherapy in the treatment of tumor diseases.
2. NK-1 antagonists (Doxylamine, Promethazine, Hydroxyzine, Cannab, Doxylamine, Diphenhydramine) to act on brain receptors due to motion sickness or opioid nausea in the morning, which often occurs in pregnant women.
3. Benzodiazepines, prescribed at the beginning of a course of chemotherapy, anesthesia, or emergency care with attacks of nausea (Muscimol, Acceleration, Propofol, Metrogalanalactone, Benzamide).

Often prescribed to children and the elderly are safer ginger-based drugs that act on the trigger and receptor zones, which are also the focal point of the reticular function of the cerebral cortex.

New generation drugs for vomiting

• tachycardia;
• drowsiness;
• dry mouth may well be.

An overdose is fraught with impaired liver function, extrapyramidal disorders, attacks of glaucoma, and patients falling into a coma. The best new generation antiemetics:

1. Torekan - pretty strong drug against vomiting. It is not applicable in conjunction with sleeping pills and narcotic drugs, analgesics, alcohol and tranquilizers, which can lead to a malfunction of the nervous system.
2. Motorix is ​​an excellent antiemetic, but there are contraindications. Before use, a doctor's consultation is necessary
3. Motinorm helps to provide antiemetic effects, eliminate the feeling of heaviness and nausea in the stomach, blocking the central dopamine receptors. Should be taken as directed
4. Kinedryl is prescribed for children and adults with motion sickness while traveling, on carousels (swings) and approaches to nausea and vomiting. Side effects can be in any part of the vestibular apparatus.
5. Navoban is an excellent tranquilizer with an anxiolytic, antiemetic effect. It leads to a blockage of the gag reflex caused by chemotherapy. The duration of action is 24 hours and does not lead to extrapyramidal disorders.
6. Torekan with a sedative effect without penetration through the placental barrier. Suitable for pregnant women and children from 15 years of age with episodic nausea and vomiting. Also for the purpose of prevention after taking sedatives and tranquilizers, for the relief of sedative antipsychotics.
7. Aminazin is prescribed for babies from 1 to 2 months when regurgitation occurs after feeding, for pregnant women after surgery (cesarean) or radiation, chemotherapy.
8. Haloperidol as an active antipsychotic with a sedative effect. Quickly eliminates not only vomiting, but also high temperature, convulsions, pyramidal disorders in diseases of the central nervous system.
9. Etaperazine is applicable for indomitable vomiting to provide a relaxing effect on the muscles. Suitable for pregnant women, after surgery on the peritoneal cavity, chemoradiotherapy. Side effects are possible: lethargy, drowsiness.

Antiemetic gastrokinetics

Gastrokinetics are usually used for nausea and vomiting associated with impaired intestinal motility, increased tone of the esophageal sphincter, reflux of acidic gastric contents back into the esophagus, approaches to heartburn.

1. Dopamine with analytical effects is not brain receptors. It can be used in combination with glycosides for toxicosis in pregnant women, frequent regurgitation in infants.
2. Metoclopramide is prescribed after radiation therapy, with gastroesophageal reflux, repeated vomiting due to myocardial infarction, heart failure, stomach ulcers.
3. Bromopride with the active substance in the composition has an anti-irritant effect, eliminates hiccups and nausea. Well tolerated by children. Rarely, drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness may occur. Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the drug, pregnancy. The drug for vomiting is sold in capsules, rectal suppositories.
4. Perinorm is applicable in the treatment of dyspeptic disorders against the background of delayed gastric damage. There may be side effects: heaviness in the abdomen, belching, heartburn, burning behind the sternum.
5. Motilium contributes to the normalization of the tone of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, stimulation of peristalsis, and quickly affects the structures of the central nervous system in the periphery. It is prescribed for children and pregnant women. Contraindications: diabetes, prolonged fasting. Release form: tablets, ampoules, solutions for injections.
6. Raglan with the active substance metoclopramide reduces nausea by acting on esophagus reflux. Available in tablets and ampoules for injection.
7. Riabal with anticholinergic effects. It is indicated for children during lactation, gastroenteritis, fever or intracranial hypertension after radiation therapy. Side effects in the form of drowsiness, disturbances of accommodation are possible.

Quite often, cytostatics are prescribed for i / m, i / v administration for attacks of nausea against the background of migraine, liver and kidney diseases, traumatic brain injury, and also after chemoradiotherapy.

Side effects often occur:

• fatigue;
• feeling of fear and anxiety;
• diarrhea;
• headache.

Attention! You can not take antiemetics in conjunction with other antipsychotics and sedatives. This can, on the contrary, increase vomiting, enhance the psychomotor function. Before use, it is better to first consult with your doctor.

What will help with vomiting after chemotherapy?

Usually, doctors prescribe iron preparations (Tropisetron, Latran) with an effect on the serotonin receptors of the brain. This helps to eliminate the negative effects of radiation or chemotherapy.

The most effective antiemetic pills for indomitable vomiting after chemotherapy:

1. Zofran as an additional treatment and elimination of side effects after a chemotherapy course.
2. Granisetron to act on serotonin receptors after taking cytostatics. Contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, individual intolerance. Side effects in case of overdose are possible: dermatological rash on the body, headache, constipation.
3. Ondansetron after a course of chemotherapy, but is contraindicated for use in dyskinesia of the abdominal muscles and internal bleeding, also after taking antipsychotics. Side effects in the form of depression, headache, dizziness, fatigue and drowsiness are possible.

Treatment of a cancerous tumor is not complete without the appearance of side effects in patients: nausea and vomiting. These are the first and most common symptoms. An effective antiemetic will come to the rescue to maintain vitality and general well-being in patients during difficult treatment periods with chemotherapy. Often, doctors prescribe drugs for vomiting in the post-rehabilitation period in order to maintain a normal standard of living.

Often, pregnant women in the 1st trimester, adolescents at 13-15 years old, elderly people with disorders in the vestibular apparatus suffer from vomiting attacks. To avoid side effects, treatment with antiemetics, as well as basic medications, should be carried out exclusively under the supervision of the attending physician.