What is an individual in pedagogy definition. In psychology, the individual is what? The concept of an individual in psychology. Individual and development

Doors 22.09.2020

Doors

Man, Individual and Personality - Key concepts of psychology that are no less important in social studies, as a person is the main element of society. What is the difference in these three terms?

Human.

Human - a biological term. This is a link in the development of living beings on our planet. Homo Sapiens in the form in which they exist now, there were tens of thousands of years ago. Biological, physiological, anatomical structure during this time did not change significantly. But everyone is obvious the difference between the student of the modern university and the hunter of the ancient Mesopotamia. What is this difference?

Individual.

Individual Translated from Latin (Individuum) means "indivisible". This is a specific representative of mankind, a human person who has only psychological and biological features characteristic. More expanded concept - individualityThat is, a combination of these biological and psychological qualities, which distinguishes this particular individual from the rest.

Thus, the individual is a specific person with its own characteristics, data from birth, personality - more psychological termthan biological - a set of skills (character, skills, knowledge) acquired in the process of vital activity.

Personality.

Personality - The most complicated concept. it social image of man. It is the society forms a personality from an individual. This is what distinguishes man from the animal. An individual, grown separately from the rest, for example, on an uninhabited island, will become individual. But will not be a person, because here is a key factor - communication and relationship with other people. To become a person, a person goes through the way socializationAnd its formation occurs throughout life.

Basic elements of socialization:

communication;
upbringing;
education;
facilities mass media;
social control system.

In the process of socialization (personality formation), humans are produced by physical skills and skills, psychological features, moral factors, scientific knowledge, political worldviews, religious values, etc. Sociologist Leontyev described the personality as a totality of social relations that are implemented in different types Activities. Simply put personality is a member of societyAnd in this definition - everything that can be understood by this.

The difference between the concepts of man, individual and personality.

The difference between the concepts of man, individual and personality in order. Who is not very familiar with sociology and psychology easily explain to a simple example of life.

Suppose you started playing a computer RPG - the game on the like Fallout or Skyrim. Initially, you choose Ras - Elf, Dwarf or Man. This is the concept of a person, that is, a biological difference from other species of creatures. From the very beginning, your character has certain skills and skills (power, endurance, intelligence, etc.). In this form, at the very start of the game, we have an individual, different from the rest (in many games these initial parameters you specify yourself) the features given from birth. In the gameplay, your character develops, acquires new character traits, knowledge, ability, and by the end of the game we have a hero with a certain charisma and karma, a set of skills, not at all similar to the one we got at the beginning. That's the personality already.

Such comparisons can be brought by many (even with the "World of Tanks"), but the point is to understand that a person is born, and the personality becomes in the process of communication and interaction with other members of society.

Hello, dear blog readers Website. Despite the fact that many scientific directions are used by this concept, biology is considered to be rightfully.

She interprets this term as separate individual, a living organism, endowed with characteristics and qualities that distinguish it from other types of living. That is, the individual can be called a separate camel, man, infusoria shill and so on.

Individual human race We study psychologists, sociologists, social scientists. About him I. will we are talking In this article.

Definition - what is an individual

Individual in social studies - this is absolutely any person with the characteristics peculiar to him, defining his belonging to Homo Sapiens (in the Latin word Individuum literally means indivisible).

Some qualities are given to him at birth, others are purchased in the process. For example, I, as a person, differ from the dog in that I go straight on two on my feet, I have hands - the tools that I use in activities.

In addition to instincts, I possess thinking, memory, perception, and other mental processes. I know how to create something new, improve the old and many other things that the dog is unusual. Therefore, I will never become her, but she is me (although who knows). She and I - individuals, but belonging to various living groups.

Individual is disclinished concept: It does not take into account the floor nor the age or merit before the fatherland. Everyone is born and continues to be such a lifetime. Human? So individuals.

Properties of the Individual (Human)

In psychology, the definition of an individual is not limited to only its belonging to human race. Individual is one who also enters a specific social group. On the basis of these facts, there are three features that state that the individual is in front of us:

integrity and community of psycho-physiological traits;
ability to adapt in society and the surrounding reality;
own position and the corresponding activity.

If you briefly answer the question "who is such an individual", then this particular person.

Individual, personality, personality - what is the difference

Next to the term Individual is close two more: and. Some even think that they mean the same thing, but it is not quite so. Rather, not at all. I will give a quote from the statement of A.G. Asmolov - a modern psychologist and politics:

"Individual is born, the personality becomes, the individuality is defended."

To understand the essence of this phrase, let's consider the terms contained in it.

Really, all people are born individualsas representatives of human race. We try to "join" to society, first of life, and for this we need to comply with the standards and rules in this society established. The last fact makes us learn to be like everything by imitating adults.

First we understand what the toys need to be removed, then that you can not beat the weak, and in general it is not good. We understand that the elders must be respected, to give way to the elderly, helping those in need. It's not good to talk loudly, climb without a queue, and so on.

Now you know what an individual is, but what happens next? After all, people differ not only from other representatives of the living world, but also from each other, including.

Individuality

Individual, individuality, personality - exactly in this order, you can not immediately jump through the step. Individuality suggests a unique set of qualitywho distinguish a person from his "fellow".

That is, we acquire your individuality when we grow and learn to live among others. The presence of individuality in person does not always mean that he is a person.

Personality

In the course of this training, the individual acquires many of its specific characteristics, becomes a person. It is the result of training interaction with society.

It is important to add that if individuals are born individually, not everyone becomes a personality.

If you want, this is the next stage mental Development man. Before that, you looked at others and did as they. But at that moment, when you decide to do something, but in your own way, and also take responsibility for this decision, a person is born.

She knows how to set goals and achieve them with its unique ways, is active and therefore an effective unit in society.

The personality is self-organization, highly developed and occupies a significant place in its group or society.

Paint summary

The difference of an individual from personality cleared. But there is still. What can I say about this? Man is always an individual, but not always a person.

Good luck to you! To ambiguous meetings on the blog pages Website

Who is an individual?

The concept of "Individual" is in itself a social importance that speaks of a separate individual, the representative of Homo Sapiens. Who is an individual? This is a separate person who enlists the unique genetic features, the individual qualities that he develops in himself as a set of social and biological traits.

Each person is individual. This makes it an individual. The adaptation to social conditions is even more distinguished by him from the animal world. On the one hand, it is similar to other people on biological signs and social skills, which does not make it unique. His structure of the body is the same as other people. Only forms, dimensions, colors, etc., are distinguished by the same skills that other people have, which allows him to become a social personality.

On the other hand, the person is genetically inclined to the development of individual qualities and features. His set is unique, not like the rest. This makes it a separate individual that stands out on the background of the crowd.

As a concept, an individual means a separate part that has certain biological featuresis considered a holistic and unified structure, and also belongs to a particular type of living beings. Animals are not called individuals. Only a person gets the title of an individual by what he was born.

All people are born individuals. However, as education and development, each individual becomes personality. It is she who has its own unique set of qualities, skills and skills that are displayed in behavior and habits.

The concept of an individual implies that a person is a full and separate individual from the rest. He has all the tools for independent development and life. He is separated from people.

Individual is a unit of human kind, which:

Possesses psychophysiological traits.
Active.
Resistant to the environment.
Nice in the structure of the body.
Wears social characteristics.

In psychology, the concept under consideration is used widely. It denotes not only a separate person, but also its quality characteristics that define it as a person.

Who is social individual?

If a person is born by an individual, then he immediately acquires the status of a social personality. Who is social individual? This is a person who since birth needs contact with other individuals for his own survival and development.

Unlike young animals, a human child cannot take care of himself from birth. He from the first days needs to care and care about himself. Moreover, the development of skills and the necessary social qualities is carried out for a long time. If the young animal training leaves from several months to a year, then on the formation of an individual as an independent and independent person is spent from 18 to 25 years.

The individual needs a society that will take care of him and in which he will be able to become a person. The society itself also needs an individual, because without him it simply will not be able to exist.

A person is born by an individual. Personality he becomes as education and growth. Initially, the man of faith and gestures speak of his desires and needs. However, in the process of learning speech, which is the main criterion of socialization, verbal signs go to the fore. A person continues to use non-verbal gestures and facial expressions to add his verbal speech and complete the manifestation of his feelings.

The earlier the process of socialization begins, that is, adaptations to the laws, rules and life of all society, the faster the personality development will occur and its adaptation. The child is learning in the following ways:

Fastening. By punishment or promotion, parents show a child, what his behavior is considered good, and what is bad.
Development of conditional reflexes. Each person is subjected to "training" when he gets encouraging for his behavior ( conditioned reflex fixed) or punishment. So the habits are formed.
Observation and repetition. In other words, the child observes the behavior of adults and copies, adopters, imites them. It often uses various role-playing games, where the child rehearses, fixes or changes the behavior that he watched adults. Thus, useful and effective, according to the child, skills are fixed.

Each individual from birth is in certain environments, which also affect the formation of his personality:

The first institute becomes family. Here the child receives protection, love, support. His life needs are also satisfied. In addition, it is the family that gives the first socialization skills: how to communicate, behave? Here the child attributes himself to a certain floor, studying genitals. The family forms stereotypes, complexes, fears, values, etc.
The second institution becomes kindergarten or school. It is here that the individual is treated as one of. There are no better and worst here. An individual is evaluated by its abilities and skills. He faces failures and successes. It is the school that forms self-esteem in a child.
The third institution becomes peers. In the adolescence, they displacing a family and school. If everything in the family and school is built on the hierarchy, then among the peers, communication occurs on an equal footing. Social skills are rehearsed and secured here. The child begins to adapt to society. He begins to solve conflict situations, knows about its merits and disadvantages. Among the peers, the child can change its values \u200b\u200band views on life. He becomes a member of society, where he is standing out by its unique qualities.
The media are the last institution. It also affects each individual with its views and values \u200b\u200bthat he can adopter either.

As the person becomes relevant, the institutions can contradict their values, views, ways to solve the situation. The child becomes before the need to give up something one for the sake of saving the other. When the contradiction appears, he begins to rethink his views and values, forming his set.

The human reaction to changes in the external environment or inside its body is the behavior of the individual. It can be conscious and unconscious. Always develops and manifests itself internship (into the external environment). It includes active action Physical body and speech regulation. It is necessarily targeted, that is, in the man's head, first the answer to the question "What do I want?", And then the choice of action "How can I achieve this?".

At the heart of all actions lie:

Goals. A person always seeks to satisfy his needs, especially if they have not been implemented for a long time.
Motives. There is no behavior that could be motivated. A person may simply sometimes be aware of this.

Theatrical behavior is considered separately, which is carried out in the process of communicating between people in the virtual world. With the advent of the Internet, it began to occupy leading positions. Under theatricality of behavior means the illusion of natural actions.

Individual behavior characteristics are:

Self-control (arbitrary).
Temp or dynamic.
Emotional expressiveness.
Flexibility (change in behavior depending on the circumstances ambient).
The level of activity.
Awareness (understanding by the man of his actions).

What is individuality?

If an individual is understood as an individual's belonging to human race, and under the personality - the presence of social skills, socialization and adaptation to society, what is meant by individuality? This concept indicates a set of unique qualities and skills in a separate individual. Here are listed both mental features and physiological features. Although it is often about the spiritual development of man.

The individuals and personality are identical. However, it is the individuality that can be part of the personality, its formation. Personality is determined by what qualities it stands out as its operation, functioning, which can be seen to those who can appreciate it. Individuality rather talks about the qualities of character, spiritual manifestations.

The personality is a social product, while the individual is biological, and individuality - the formation of qualities and skills. Personality develops under the influence of social pressure, rules and laws that each person must learn and apply.

The group is a separate cell that accommodates several individuals. All of them are individual, but they are going to a group for the common goal or under the influence of common interests. It has some social characteristics that all members must be obeyed.

A person can speak on behalf of the group that some extent relieves him from responsibility.
A person can interact with other people inside the group, adjust its behavior, receive support.
A person takes a certain status. Often, a hierarchy is formed in the group, where everyone performs a certain, clear role.

On the one hand, a person helps a person with his actions, solves her questions, develops and preserves. On the other hand, the Group regulates human behavior, makes it makes it developing certain features and skills affects it. Accordingly, a person must consciously approach the group's choice, as it may contribute to its development or serve as a reason for degradation.

Individual development

Individual develops biologically, psychologically and personally:

Biological development involves the growth of the human body.
Psychological development involves the development of the qualities and individual characteristics of the psyche.
Personal development occurs as the upbringing and socialization.

Man changes and transformed every year. Here it is physiologically stronger and grows. His psyche begins to receive new knowledge, form connections to form skills. Personality is also formed, which works out social skills.

A person is constantly in the process of its development being subjected to various influences that happens:

External is parents, educators, media, society.
Inner is excitement, attraction, feelings, inclinations.

Outcome

Individual in the literal sense of the word means "reasonable man." From the very birth, the individual is determined by the human race that will be subjected to upbringing, effect on the part. A person must socialize that society will take it and allowed to live as it is acceptable. The result will be all those manipulations that will be directed to a person throughout his life.

(\u003cLat. Individuum-indivisible, individual) - 1) a person, a separately existing organism or a separate person as a representative of the human race; 2) Separate representative of society, people, class, social group. (Dictionary, p. 96)

INDIVIDUAL

an individual) - According to A. N. Leontiev - about individuals they say when a person is considered as a representative of Hominis Sapientis. In the concept of at least two main features:

1) indivisibility, or integrity of the subject;

2) the presence of special - individual - properties that distinguish it from other representatives of the same species. Man (and animal) is born by an individual. He has his genotype. Individual gothic properties in the course of life are developing and converted, becoming phenotypic. As individuals, people differ from each other not only by morphophysiological features, but also psychological properties - abilities, temperament, emotionality. 1. A person as a single natural being, a product of the development of phylogenetic and ontogenetic, unity of congenital and acquired (-\u003e genotype; Phenotype), a carrier individually peculiar features (deposits, desires, etc.). 2. Separate representative of human community; Coming beyond the scope of natural (biological) limb to a social being using guns, signs and through them mastering their own behavior and mental processes. Both values \u200b\u200bof the term are interconnected and describe a person in the aspect of its separateness and isolation. Self general characteristics Individual:

1) the integrity of the psychophysiological organization; This feature indicates a systematic relationship between diverse functions and mechanisms that implement the life relationship of the individual;

2) stability in cooperation with the outside world; determines the preservation of the main relations of the individual to reality, assuming however, the existence of points of plasticity, flexibility, variability;

3) Activity - ensuring the ability of an individual to self-implantation, dialectically combines the dependence on the situation with overcoming its immediate effects.

Individual

Individual is a single creature; The psychological individual is distinguished peculiar and, in a certain respect, unique, that is, unprofitable, psychology. The originality of an individual psyche is manifested not so much in its elements as in its complex formations. Psychological Individual or his individuality (see) There is unconsciously a priori; Consciously, it exists only inspired, since there is a conscious difference from other individuals. Together with the physical personality, it is given as correlates, and the individuality of mental, but, as already mentioned, - first unconsciously. A conscious differentiation process is needed, an individual is necessary (see) in order to make the individuality of conscious, that is, to extract it from the identity with the object. The identity of individuality with the object coincides with its unconsciousness. If the individuality is unconscious, then there is no psychological individual, and there is only a collective psychology of consciousness. In this case, the unconscious personality is identical with an object projected on the object. As a result, the object gets too important and acts too much in the sense of determination.

INDIVIDUAL

Psychology in one form or another is engaged in the study of creatures that behave, act, think they are experiencing emotions, and all this is in the context of some social and physical environment. When such a creature is a representative of the type of Homo Sapiens, the term individual is used to designate it.

Individual

from lat. individuum - indivisible) - 1) man as a single natural creature, representative of the type Homo Sapiens, product ontogenetic and phylogenetic development, the unity of the innate and acquired, the carrier is individually peculiar features (deposit, attractions, etc.); 2) a separate representative of human community; The social being exiting its natural (biological) limness is a social being using guns, signs and through them mastering their own behavior and mental processes. Both values \u200b\u200bof the term "Individual" are interrelated and describe a person in the aspect of its separateness and isolation. The most common characteristics of the individual: the integrity of the psycho-physiological organization; stability in cooperation with the surrounding world; activity.

Individual

from lat. Individuum is an indivisible] - a single part of Homo Sapiens, a separate human being, the unity of social and biological, in which is determined by the unique combination of the genetically programmed and socially acquired individual set of features, properties, qualities. It is in connection with this principal characteristic of the individual that his ability to overcome its initially laid biological limitation and really, and it is quite consciously to manage its behavioral activity and monitor almost the entire complex of essential psychological processes. "Both values \u200b\u200bof the term" Individual "are interrelated and describe a person in the aspect of its separateness and isolation. The most common characteristics of the individual - the integrity of the psycho-physiological organization; stability in cooperation with the surrounding world; activity. Sign of integrity indicates the systemic nature of links between diverse functions and mechanisms that implement the life relationship of the individual. Stability determines the preservation of the main relations of the individual to reality, assuming at the same time the existence of points of plasticity, flexibility, variability. The activity of the individual, providing its ability to self-implant, dialectically combines dependence on the situation with overcoming its immediate impacts "(A. G. Asmolov). As part of socio-psychological science, the concept of "individual" is used in a substantive conjunction, first of all, with the concept of "personality". First of all, this is due to the fact that the natural characteristics and properties of the individual manifest themselves in personality as basic socially determined its elements. In addition, in general, a number of concepts of an understanding of the individual precisely, the peculiarities of the actual representative representation in the system of social being are considered as self-concrete personal hypostasis. So, for example, within the framework of the concept of personalization (V. A. Petrovsky), the basic position of which is the idea of \u200b\u200bthe unity, but not the identity of the concepts of "individual" and "personality", it is the presence of a sociogenic need of an individual in personalization, and self-compliance and interdependence the three hatch of the individual existence of the individual: 1) as a relatively stable set of intraindivide qualities (symptom complex of mental properties, forming its individuality, motifs, identity orientation, personality nature structure, features of temperament, ability); 2) as the inclusion of the individual into the space of methudidivide bonds, where the relationship and interactions arising in the group can be interpreted as the identity carriers of their participants; 3) as the "ideal" representation of the individual in the vital activity of other people, including outside of their current interaction, as the result of the person being actively implemented by the person's intellectual and affective realities of other people.

The problem of the relationship of the concepts of "Individual" and "Personality" paid great attention to other domestic psychologists, in particular, A. N. Leontyev. From his point of view, "the concept of personality, as well as the concept of an individual, expresses the integrity of the subject of life .... but the personality is a holistic formation of a special kind. Personality is not integrity due to genotypically: personality will not bearing, the personality becomes. ... as well as the consciousness of a person, as well as his needs, ... the personality of man is also "produced" - is created by public relations, in which the individual enters into its activities. The fact that at the same time is transformed, and some of its features are changed, and some of its features as an individual is not the cause, but a consequence of the formation of his personality "1.

It must be said that in foreign psychology, far from the "Marxist-Leninist methodology" and the theory of activities, these two "sacred cows" of the Soviet psychology did not pay any serious attention to breeding the content of the concepts of "Individual" and "Personality". Moreover, they are often used as completely synonymous. Instead, there were seriously considered the question of how justified and correctly "isolated" the study of certain aspects of the individual or types of human activity, out of a holistic personal context. It is in this regard that the concept of "individual" is most often used to emphasize the constant integrity of the subject.

One of the first major scientists who consistently conducted the idea that "... a person is a single and self-consistent organism ..." 2 was A. Adler. It is not by chance that his theory of personality development and the psychotherapeutic system built on its basis, he more than eloquently called individual psychology.

From the point of view of A. Adler, "... No manifestation of life activity cannot be considered in isolation, but only only in the ratio with the person as a whole. The individual represents an indivisible integer both in relation to the relationship between the brain and the body and in relation to mental life. According to Adler, the main requirement for individual psychology is to prove this unity in each individual: in his thinking, feelings, actions, so-called, consciousness and unconscious, in every manifestation of personality. The structure of self-consistent and single personality Adler defined as a lifestyle "3. According to many foreign specialists, "in this concept more than any other, expressed ... an attempt to consider a person as a whole" 4. Note that the diametrically opposite individual psychology A. Adler is orthodox behavior coming from the fact that any human act is a situational response to an external stimulus.

From the point of view of A. Adler, the development of the individual is possible only in collaboration with other people: "The leading in the theory of Adler is the provision according to which all human behavior occurs in the social context, and the essence of human nature can only be comprehended through the understanding of social relations. Moreover, each person has a natural sense of community, or social interest - a congenital desire to enter into mutual social relations of cooperation "5. According to L. Hielle and D. Ziegler, "the focus on social determinants of behavior is so important in the concept of Adler, that he acquired a reputation as the first social psychologist in the modern theory of psychology" 6.

Of particular importance A. Adler attached to the social contacts of the individual in childhood. A unique part of the concept and psychotherapeutic system developed by A. Adler is an analysis of the influence of the order of birth on the lifestyle of the individual. The first child in the family quite naturally gets from parents to maximum care and attention, but only until the second child appears. In this situation, the firstborn joins the fight for parental attention, in which, as a rule, defeat: "As a result of such a family struggle, the firstborn" teaches himself to isolation "and mastering the strategy of survival alone, without needing any affection or approval. Adler also believed that the elder child in the family is most likely conservative, strive to power and is predisposed to leadership "1.

The average child is already the very situation of birth objectively incorporated into competition with the firstborn. As a result, according to A. Adler, the second child often "... grows rival and ambitious. ... to achieve superiority, it uses both straight and district methods. Adler also believed that the middle child could set in front of her unresarison, which actually increases the likelihood of possible failures. "2

The younger (last) child in the family, on the one hand, uses the leisure of the universal favorite and is the object of care of both parents and the side of the older children and, at the same time, may experience a strong sense of inferiority and dependence. Nevertheless, according to A. Adler, he "... possesses one advantage: he has a high motivation to overlook senior snakes. As a result, he often becomes the fastest swimmer, the best musician, the most ambitious student. (This moment is clearly reflected in the many fairy tales of various peoples, in which the younger child seeks the greatest success - V. I., M. K.) Adler sometimes spoke about the "fighting younger child", as a possible future revolutionary "3.

If the child turns out to be the only one in the family, then, being devoid of opportunities to compete with brothers and sisters and being an epicenter of maternal care, he is often forced to compete with his father. In addition, he may experience difficulties in relationships with peers. According to A. Adler, such a child "... For too long and a lot is under the control of the mother and expects the same protection and care from others. The main feature of this style of life is addicted and egocentrism "4.

It should be noted that, giving great importance to the order of birth and other factors that mediate the development of the personality in childhood, A. Adler did not consider that the Individual is a constant product of the mechanistic "addition" of heredity and environmental impact. In his opinion, all without exception, people "... have a creative force that provides the ability to dispose of their lives - free, conscious activity is a determining line of a person. This creative force affects each face of human experience: perception, memory, imagination, fantasy and dreams. She makes every person by a self-determined individual, the architect of his own life "5.

Although, in general, the empirical validation of the concept of F. Adler has not yet been carried out, which is largely due to the breadth and abstraction of many of its provisions, a number of key items of this theory have been confirmed in many studies. For example, in 1973, an attempt was made to identify the relationship between the birth order and the intellectual achievements of the individual. "In a study in which about 400 men took part ... a high positive correlation between the order of birth and indicators of a non-verbal test of intellectual abilities was obtained. The firstborn in terms of intellectual achievements exceeded the next birth of children in those families where there were two to nine children. In a similar study it was shown: the positive relationship between the order of birth and intellectual achievements is maintained and in the case when such variables are taken into account as school academic performance of the parents of the subjects, family income and the age of the mother "1.

No less interesting results, also confirming the idea of \u200b\u200bA. Adler, were recorded in a number of other studies. So, in particular, "... It was found that the firstborn leads in a population in almost every field of academic knowledge. For example, it was noted that the older sons prevail among the presidents of the United States of America, while among candidates who were defeated in presidential elections, such regularity is not observed. The firstborn was especially much among the members of the US Congress, as well as they prevailed among women who had scientific degrees in the field of medicine and philosophy. "2

The ideas of A. Adler received further development in the concept of E. Erikson and a number of other foreign psychologists. It should be noted that in real socio-psychological practice, most often there is no need for a distinct breeding of the concepts of "individual" and "personality", and therefore consuming them as synonyms is fully allowed. However, in cases where such socio-psychological phenomena, as a "phenomenon of Lieutenant Kizh" and "Kennedy Effect" (for example, in the logic of personalization concept), such breeding is not only justified, but absolutely necessary from a practical point of view.

Therefore, a practical social psychologist, in addition to purely applied professional skills and skills, ownership of modern techniques and technologies of fine psychological impact on the group and on its individual members, it is necessary, planning a program of psychological support and maintaining a community or organization entrusted to rely on basic psychological knowledge and recognize Those questions that concern actually educational tasks actually, and the problems that faith in front of it are essentially an intraindivide analysis.

The concepts of "man", "Individivid", "Individuality", "Personality"

In the psychological science of the category of man, individual, personality, individuality refers to the basic categories. The problem of personality is central in modern psychology, and this is not by chance, the most important theoretical task is to detect the objective foundations of those psychological properties that characterize a person as an individual as individuality and as a person.

Personality is the main mystery of the human world, his mystery, fascinating the thought and feeling of a ponderous man, on the other hand, a working concept that has been actively used in the business language of almost all professions, in everyday communication. All this configures us to perceive this phenomenon, and work with the system of concepts in which it is reflected, it is necessary for respectful and professionally competently.

Figure 1 - System of Personal Concepts

A person is born already by man. Concept humanit is the widest, this is the main, initial element of this structure, without which there is no social action, links and interactions, nor social relations, communities and groups, nor social institutions and organizations.

Human - This is a socio-biological creature, embodying the highest level in the evolution of life and is a subject of social and historical activities and communication.

The main characteristics of a person:

The particular structure of the body;

Ability to work;

The presence of consciousness.

The concept of "man" is used as extremely general concept For the characteristics of universal qualities inherent in all qualities of qualities and abilities. Using this concept, psychologists emphasize that a person is biological (natural) and social The creature at the same time, which has its own livelihood affects the environment.

The basis and point of reference indicated analysis human as a sociopriety phenomenon.

Natural human development vector: view in the biological classification of the evolution of life on earth; Natural creature relating to the class of mammals; View - Primates; Classification categorization - Homo Sapiens.

A person as a creature belonging to society, mankind, represents humanity, and in this his essence. Humanity (human genus, the human world) is a special, historically developing social, socio-psychological and spiritual community, which is different from all other material systems on the planet inherent in the method of vital activity.

The main socio-psychological characteristics of this method of vital activity - the mechanism "itself ...": self-organization, self-knowledge, self-consciousness, self-regulation, self-development, self-duration, etc.

Man as a separate representative of humanity is determined by the concept of "individual".

Individual - a single representative of the human race, a specific carrier of all psychophysical and social traits of humanity.

General characteristics of the individual:

The integrity of the psychophysical organization of the body;

Resistance to the surrounding reality;

Activity.

Individual is a biological organism, a carrier of the general hypothetical hereditary properties of this biological species. The process of such internal "felting" is well known, he was celebrated Ch. Darwin ...

Individual is primarily genotypical education. But the individual is not only the formation of genotypic, its formation continues, as is known, in the ontogenesis, in a lotume. Therefore, the characteristic of the individual also includes properties and integrations, folding ontogenetically. We are talking about the "alloys" arising innate and acquired reactions, about changing the subject matter of the needs, on the emerging dominants of behavior.

The most general rule is here that the higher we climb the stairs biological evolutionMoreover, the vital manifestations of individuals and their organization are becoming, the differences in their inborn and ingeniously acquired features are becoming pronounced, especially since that, if you can express it, individualized individualizes.

In a number of these concepts, the personality is a narrower concept and emphasizes the social essence of man. Otherwise, we can say that individual - This is a "concrete person" from birth to death.

Individual - The initial state of a person in phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. Personality The same is considered as the result of the development of the individual, the embodiment of human qualities itself.

Personality is the social essence of man. The word "personality" in english language Comes from the word "person." Initially, it marked the masks who put on the actors during the theater representation in an ancient Greek drama. Thus, from the very beginning to the concept of "personality", an external surface social image was included, which takes a person when she plays certain life roles - a certain "linkey", a public person facing others. It follows that the concept of "personality" is primarily associated with the social essence of man.

Personality - This is a specific person who is a carrier of consciousness capable of knowledge, experiences, the transformation of the surrounding world and building certain relations with this world and with the world of other personalities.

Personality is considered as an embodiment in a particular social qualities that are purchased in the process of activity and communicating with other individuals.

A person is not born, the personality becomes.

Therefore, we are not talking about the identity of the newborn or about the identity of the baby, although the features of individuality are manifested in the early steps of ontogenesis, no less bright than in the later age-related stages.

Personality is a relatively late product of the socio-historical and ontogenetic development of a person ...

The concepts of personality and individuality are close to meaning. Individuality is one of the parties of the person, so it is more difficult to determine the concept of "individuality", because In addition to personal features that are the main components of individuality, it includes biological, physiological and other human features.

Individuality - A combination of the psychological characteristics of a person who makes it a peculiarity and his difference from other people.

You can give the following identity definition.

Individuality - This is a specific person who differs from other people a unique combination of mental, physiological and social features that are manifested in behavior, activities and communication.

If the individual is a person in the fact of his birth, then the individuality is developing and modified in the process of its livelihoods.

Individuality is manifested in the features of temperament, character, habits, as cognitive processes (i.e. in thinking, memory, imagination, etc.). With the help of the concept of "individuality", the uniqueness and uniqueness of each person are most often emphasized. On the other hand, in the individuality, we meet the qualities of the individual and the individual properties that everyone has, but have a different degree of severity and form combinations.

All individual qualities are manifested in various ways of behavior, activities, communication. The person will become a person when the social factor of his activity starts to improve, that is, that side of her side, which is aimed at society. Therefore, social relations are the foundation of the personality, but only those implemented in activities.

Realizing itself as a person, determining its place in society and life Path (fate), a person becomes an individual, acquires dignity and freedom, which allows you to distinguish it to any other personality, allocate it among others.

The specifics of social living conditions and the image of human activity determines the features of its individual characteristics and properties. All people have certain mental features, views, customs and feelings, each of us has differences in the cognitive sector of the person, which will determine our individuality.

The psychological structure of the individual is a holistic model, a system of qualities and properties, which fully characterizes the psychological features of the person (person, individual) (Fig. 2).