Denis Valentinovich Manturov Minister of Industry and Trade of the Russian ...
the direction of psychology, which studies the patterns of manifestation and development of the psyche, as well as group interactions in the conditions of sports, competitive and training activities. Like many other areas of psychology, it began to develop intensively in the 60-70s. XX century, and at first the main research focused on the study of differences in individual athletes (-> differential psychology), the ability and ability to act in stressful conditions of competition (-> stress), ways to increase the effectiveness of training.
Later, the range of issues being developed expanded significantly. For each sport, taking into account the achievements of general, pedagogical, age and social psychology, programs of special training complexes are developed, aimed at increasing the physical and mental fitness of athletes, their emotional-volitional, ethical, moral and collectivist preparedness.
In the domestic psychology of sports, the laws of effective formation motor skills and abilities, ways to achieve high indicators of strength, endurance, dexterity and coordination of movements, based on the concept of levels of building movements. Ways and methods of formation of specialized perceptions of athletes are studied - a sense of time, a sense of distance, changes in the speed of an object, anticipation of an instantaneous development of events (-> anticipation; intuition), "sense of the ball", "sense of water", etc. Attention is paid to the development of methods for improving observation , imagination, strategic and tactical thinking, coordinated interaction in group games, etc. The deepening of research is also going on in the field of studying the abilities of athletes and their special psychological selection at different age stages, and in the field of education and the formation of these abilities in the course of training.
A special problem is posed by such areas of sports psychology as mental self-regulation, control of one's state in the pre-start period, during competitions and after exiting a competitive situation. These issues, as well as the attitude of athletes to their victories and defeats, are receiving more and more attention in recent studies.
The main tasks of sports psychology are as follows:
1) increasing the effectiveness of an athlete's training through the formation of motor skills and abilities, creating psychological conditions for achieving high indicators of strength, endurance, dexterity of movements;
2) development of specialized types of perception (sense of time, distance);
3) preparation for the competition;
4) voluntary mental regulation;
5) the formation of the athlete's personality in collective activities in teams, when communicating with the coach. The task of modern sports psychology is not only to promote the achievement of high sports results, but also in the comprehensive development of the athlete's personality, in increasing his general and psychological culture.
Socio-psychological studies are distinguished in a separate direction, considering:
1) problems of team formation;
2) interpersonal relationships in them;
3) techniques and methods for increasing cohesion and value-orientational unity;
4) issues of relationship with the coach or coaching staff;
5) issues of relations with fans, including with "fans";
6) problems of inter-team relationships (-> inter-group relationship), etc.
Good day! Please comment on the child's analysis result - 4 years 2 months.
At the end of August of this year, the child suffered from acute obstructive bronchitis - in the hospital they were injected with Cefatoxim (7 days, 3 times a day), aminophylline, diphenhydramine, noshpa, NaCL infusion therapy, etc. After a week later - acetonymic syndrome. A month later, they received the AKDP vaccination - revaccination with the killed vaccine. After that, sneezing began to be observed and the child rubbed his nose all the time (in February of the same year, there was an allergy to citrus fruits, as the dermatologist told us - there were 6 eosinophils in the blood!). After that, a blood test was taken upon admission to the hospital on August 29 - eosinophils were 0, and after 4 days - already 15 and other indicators for bronchitis were not normal. At discharge - 06.09 - eosinophils became 10. Then the blood test was repeated only at 25.10 - eosinophils were 18! At the same time, a sneezing was observed (the allergist sent for allergy tests - a blood test from a vein, some types of allergens showed +, some ++, but most - -). We drank Fenkarol for 2 weeks. On November 20, she fell ill with a cold after visiting the garden for 2 days - again a cough on the verge of bronchitis - the pediatrician's diagnosis was tracheobronchitis. A week was ill, they drank Summamed for 3 days, then a week after recovery (while a slight coughing remained after the illness), the child fell ill again, the cough lasted a week, then a week more light coughing periodically. We passed a blood test at the polyclinic on 20.12 - 14 eosinophils, segmented neutrophils - 24, everything else is normal. But, the analysis was detailed, so there were no platelets and erythrocytes in it. On 21.12 the analysis was repeated in Sinevo - the last analysis is as follows:
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, ESR) - 2
Leukocytes (WBC) 7.27
Erythrocytes (RBC) 4.95
Hemoglobin (HGB) 138 g / l
Hematocrit (HCT) 39.6%
Average erythrocyte volume (MCV) 80
Average hemoglobin content in
erythrocyte (MCH) 27.9
Average concentration of hemoglobin
in erythrocyte (MCSU) 34.8
Platelets (PLT) 320
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD) 37
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) 12.8%
Platelet volume distribution width (PDW) 10.6
Average platelet volume (MPV) 9.5
Thrombokrit (PCT) 0.3
Neutrophils (per 100 leukocytes) 24.1
Neutrophils (abs.) 1.76
Lymphocytes (per 100 leukocytes) 51.2
Lymphocytes (abs.) 3.72
Monocytes (per 100 leukocytes) 11
Monocytes (abs.) 0.8
Eosinophils (per 100 leukocytes) 13.1
Eosinophils (abs.) 0.95
Basophils (per 100 leukocytes) 0.6
Basophils (abs.) 0.04
Is there any reason for concern, what can be said from the analysis and what to do next? Can eosinophils remain elevated after such a period of time? A blood test for antibodies to lamblia, roundworm and toxocara is negative. The pediatrician appointed after last analysis drink blood for a week Eden syrup and retake the test!
when using materials www.psi.webzone.ru
This dictionary was created specifically for users of the site so that you can find any psychological term in one place. If you have not found a definition or, on the contrary, you know it, but we do not have it, be sure to write to us and we will add it to the dictionary of the psychological portal "Psychotest".
Sports psychology
Sports psychology is a field of psychological science that studies the patterns of manifestation and formation of psychological mechanisms in sports activity. The main tasks of sports psychology are as follows: 1. Increasing the effectiveness of an athlete's training through the formation of motor skills and abilities, creating psychological conditions for achieving high indicators of strength, endurance, dexterity, development of specialized types of perception (sense of time, distance); 2. Preparation for the competition; 3. Arbitrary mental regulation; 4. Formation of the athlete's personality in collective activities in teams, when communicating with the coach.
List of random tags:
,
Homophobia - Homophobia is an unreflective, irrational dislike for homosexuals, often caused by fear of one's own sexual fantasies and impulses.
,
Value - VALUE - the significance for people of certain material, spiritual or natural objects, phenomena. Subjective reflection in the consciousness of the values of the surrounding reality is necessary for the formation of the value orientations of the individual. The specificity of the awareness of objects, phenomena of reality as a value also presupposes the presence of special psychological mechanisms for their development. So, as the subject of psychological research in this case, such a type of mental activity as the evaluative activity of the individual is brought to the fore, aimed not only at the perception and development of the objectively meaningful side of the object, phenomena, but also at assessing their properties from the point of view of necessity, usefulness. , pleasantness, etc. As a result, the person realizes the value of the object, the phenomenon of the surrounding world, and thus a special type of attitude towards it is formed - the value attitude.
,
Holotropic therapy - Holotropic therapy (from the Greek. Holos - whole and tropos - direction, turn) is a psychotherapeutic technique developed by S. and K. Grof, based on the results of psychedelic research, in which some levels of the human psyche were identified. These levels included sensory experience, which is formed by strong experiences that have no personal value; psychodynamic, or biographical, experience, represented by personally significant events; perinatal, or prebiographical, experience, the content of which corresponds to the experiences of dying, death and re-biological birth; and, finally, transpersonal or superbiographical experience, which is associated with the expansion of consciousness and the experience of phylogenetic experience. The holotropic therapy procedure, aimed at activating the unconscious content of the psyche, involves the use of intense breathing, listening to specially selected music and working with your own body.
We cannot get a complete picture of an athlete based only on the level of oxygen consumption, glycogen stores and biomechanical measurements ... The main thing to take into account is psychology, an understanding of those personal qualities that determine the highest achievements in sports. If an athlete is able to manage stress, is resistant to interference and knows how to adapt to changing conditions, then we have a complete set ... Research and applied development should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, taking into account various aspects, but especially psychological ones.
Peter Snell, three times Olympic champion, PhD in physiology
Having traveled the path of great sport, we did not seriously think about the role of psychology in the preparation of high-class athletes, did not pay due attention to the individual approach, the relationship between the coach and the athlete, in which we lost a lot. Often a coach obsessed with vanity pretends to be a psychologist. Later, looking back, you notice with bitterness that many young talented athletes for some reason did not reach their goal.<…>The role of the psychologist in the team is belittled, but in practice I had to resort to his help. I believe that, using the recommendations and advice of a psychologist, we managed not only to keep many athletes in the team, but also to achieve significant results.<…>Even an indirect contact with psychological science - through communication with a psychologist - gave rise to a lot of overestimation, to see its enormous potential.
Khmelev A.A., Honored trainer of the USSR
I used to be very jealous of the appearance of a stranger in the national team. Believed that I myself the best psychologist... Gayich also thought before me. But it is clear that I cannot cope ... I can tell you about the importance of the match. It is impossible to take away the sense of responsibility for the result, which kills the sparks in the eyes ... My assistant and I will go to special courses. Maybe after them it will be easier to understand the psychologist. And then sometimes some people turn to, but you do not understand what they are doing and why. So it was at Dynamo, when the guys were offered to fold the cubes together, to disassemble the parachute so that they could feel like a team. But it's obvious to me: the team needs a psychologist.
V. Olekno, head coach of the Russian men's national volleyball team
The subject of sports psychology. Sports psychology is a field of psychological science that studies the patterns of human mental manifestations in the process of training and competitive activity. Briefly, we can say that sports psychology is the science of a person in the field of sports. The need for the emergence of this science is due to the specific conditions of sports activity, primarily the desire for maximum achievements, competitiveness (desire to win), large, and sometimes extreme, physical and mental stress.
Sports psychology as a scientific and academic discipline includes a number of common and special sections, this is:
1) the motives of sports activities;
2) the psychological foundations of orientation and selection in different kinds sports and psychodiagnostics of inclinations and abilities;
3) psychomotor skills;
4) psychology of training and education in sports;
5) psychological characteristics of physical, technical and tactical training of athletes;
6) psychological characteristics of the personality of athletes;
7) the psychology of the sports team;
8) the condition of the athlete and their psychoregulation;
9) styles of sports activities;
10) psychological characteristics of the personality and activities of coaches;
11) psychological characteristics of the personality and activities of sports judges;
12) psychological characteristics of various sports;
13) the psychological characteristics of the fans.
Unfortunately, not all of these aspects have been studied equally fully. For example, psychologists have begun to study the psychological characteristics of fans only recently, and the psychology of sports refereeing is still an almost untouched topic.
Methods, used in sports psychology to study the psychological characteristics of athletes, coaches, sports teams, are the same as in general psychology. They are divided into four groups: organizational, empirical, quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Organizational methods determine the research strategy and include comparative (including age-relative or cross-sectional method) and longitudinal.
Comparative method is used to study the psychological differences between athletes of different sports, playing roles, gender, qualifications, the specifics of the training process and other factors.
Longitudinal method is used for the long-term (over several months and years) tracking of the mental and psychomotor development of the same athlete or a group of athletes. It makes it possible to visually and dynamically trace the influence of sports training on the change in the psychological characteristics of athletes.
Empirical Methods are very diverse and include objective observation, self-observation, experimental method and psychodiagnostics.
Objective observation aims to study various behavioral, emotional manifestations of athletes in the natural conditions of their activities (training, competition, training camps). It can be continuous or selective, using verbal (tape recorder), stenographic or protocol recording, technical means (video equipment). Observation should be carried out according to a pre-drawn plan and scheme. It should be systematic, which will provide a relatively complete collection of material on the issue of interest.
Introspection is a method of self-knowledge and is used by athletes in the analysis of their states, actions, techniques of movements performed in order to improve. Self-observation should also be systematic and become a habit for the athlete. The results should be recorded in a diary for the possibility of a qualitative introspection.
Experimental method has two varieties - laboratory and natural experiments:
The laboratory experiment is carried out in special rooms equipped with signaling and recording devices and devices (reflexometer, kinematometer, tremometer, etc.);
Natural (field) experiment is organized in natural conditions (in training, competition) and has two types - ascertaining and formative. In these types of experiments, equipment (portable or remote) is also used.
Psychodiagnostic methods are aimed at identifying the tendencies, individual abilities and giftedness of the athlete as a whole, the typological characteristics of the properties of the nervous system and temperament, personality traits, diagnostics of states (pre-competitive, competitive and post-competitive), changes in psychological parameters after exercise. These methods can be used for: selection of candidates for teams, selection of an appropriate type of activity and playing role for a given athlete, as well as a style of activity.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis methods are used for mathematical and statistical processing of the data obtained in the study and their meaningful analysis.
A brief excursion into the history of the emergence and development of sports psychology
The term "sports psychology" was introduced into scientific use by the Russian psychologist V.F. Pierre de Coubertin. In 1913, at the initiative of the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne (Switzerland), a congress on the psychology of sports was organized, and from that moment the science in question received official status. However, the poor development of sports did not contribute to the rapid development of science, which was dealt with only by individual scientists, mainly in the USA, Germany, and the USSR. In our country, the pioneers of sports psychology were A. P. Nechaev, who published in 1927 the monograph "Psychology of Physical Culture", A. Ts. Puni, ZI Chuchmarev, P. A. Rudik. In the pre-war years, the programs of the special course "Psychology of Sports" were developed for the institutes of physical culture.
The intensive development of sports psychology began in many countries after the Second World War. This was due to the growing prestige of the sport, as well as the struggle between two political systems- socialist and capitalist, striving to prove their advantage, including through sports achievements.
A little later, International Congresses on Sports Psychology began to be held regularly, in 1970 the International Journal of Sports Psychology was established, in the 60s of the 20th century, the European and North American Associations of Sports Psychologists were established.
In our country, in 1952 A. Ts.Puni defended his first doctoral dissertation on the psychology of sports, and then monographs on research in this branch of psychology appeared, the authors of which were G.M. Gagaeva, S. Ch. Gellershtein, A. A Lalayan, V. G. Norakidze, A. Ts. Puni, O. A. Chernikova. In subsequent years, many scientists made a great contribution to the development of sports psychology: O. V. Dashkevich, E. A. Kalinin, R. A. Piloyan, V. M. Pisarenko, A. V. Rodionov, O. A. Sirotin, V. A. Tolochek, I. P. Volkov, G. D. Gorbunov, T. T. Dzhamgarov, R. M. Zagainov, Yu. Ya. Kiselev, V. L. Marishchuk, A. N. Nikolaev, V. K Safonov, B.N.Smirnov, N. B. Stambulova, E. N. Surkov, Yu. L. Khanin, B. A. Vyatkin, A. D. Ganyushkin, A. A. Lalayan, Yu. A. Kolomeitsev and a lot others. For ten years now, psychologists have been trained at the Faculty of Psychology of St. Petersburg State University with a degree in Sports Psychology.
At present, the psychology of sports has become not only a theoretical, but also a practical discipline that provides significant assistance to athletes and coaches in their efforts to achieve high sports results.
Glossary of terms in sports psychology
ABASIA (from the Greek. A - negative particle + basis - walking) - violation of the ability to walk with the preservation of other leg movements; occurs more often in hysteria.
ABSOLUTE SCALE (English absolute scale) - a version of the scale designed to measure the continuous properties of an object, for which all 4 types of relations are fulfilled.
ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD (English absolute threshold) - a type of sensory threshold.
ABULIA (from the Greek abulia - indecision) is a psychopathological syndrome characterized by lethargy, lack of initiative and motivation for activity.
AVERSIVE THERAPY (from Lat. Aversatio - disgust) - the general name for a group of therapeutic methods based on the use of unpleasant (aversive) stimuli.
AUTOIDENTIFICATION, AUTOIDENTIFICATION (eng. Self-identification) - self-determination, identification (identification) of oneself with another or others (group).
Movement automatization is one of the ways of forming the operator's response, characteristic for the last stage of training.
AUTOMATISM (English automatism) - background coordination in the lower levels of building movements, created and activated by the higher level.
ADAPTABILITY (non-adaptability) - tendencies in the functioning of a purposeful system, determined by the compliance or non-compliance of its goals and the results achieved in the course of activity.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ACTIVATION - continuation of physiological activation. It is associated with the decoding of external signals, depending on the level of wakefulness and on the state of consciousness, as well as on the needs, tastes, interests and plans of a person.
PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVATION - associated with the function of the centers located at the base of the brain. These centers contain awakening mechanisms; it is at this level that signals from the external world and from the organism itself are collected and classified before they - if they are of sufficient importance - are sent to the cerebral cortex. The resulting activation of the higher centers allows the body to stay awake and closely monitor the signals from the environment, which ensures it maintains physiological and mental balance.
MENTAL ACTIVITY: BIORITHM (biorhythms of human mental activity) - periodic alternation of the state of tension and relaxation in the mental activity of a person.
ALEXYTIMIA - the inability of the patient to name the emotions experienced by himself or other people, i.e. translate them into a verbal plane.
ASKEZA is an ancient concept that means the preparation of athletes for sports. In the future, it received an expanded interpretation and began to mean the fight against vices and the desire for a virtuous life. So, for the Pythagoreans, asceticism was a set of rules necessary to achieve the truth.
VALIDITY is one of the most important characteristics of psychodiagnostic techniques and tests, one of the main criteria for their quality. This concept is close to the concept of reliability, but not completely identical.
VEGETOTHERAPY is a type of body-oriented therapy, founded by V. Reich. According to him, any restraint of energy leads to the formation of "muscle shells"; since the soul and body are one, "dissolving" these shells, you can help the client to release restrained, stagnant energy and thus alleviate mental suffering. The main techniques of vegetative therapy are associated with massage and breathing, as well as with motor and voice exercises of various types.
VERBAL - in psychology - a term for denoting the forms of sign material, as well as the processes of operating with this material.
VERIFICATION - when checking scientific concepts- proof or other convincing demonstration that the phenomena included in the scope and content of a given concept really exist and correspond to the definition of the concept. This also presupposes the existence of a method of experimental verification of the phenomenon described by the concept. The check is carried out by means of an appropriate psychodiagnostic procedure.
INTERACTION OF ANALYZERS is one of the manifestations of the unity of the sensory sphere. Changes in the functional state of one analyzer as a result of stimulation of another have been studied especially fully. The revealed patterns of disturbance in the interaction of analyzers are used in the diagnosis of diseases.
INTERACTION GROUP - the process of direct or indirect influence of multiple objects (subjects) on each other, generating their mutual conditioning and connection; happens both between parts of groups and between whole groups. Acts as an integrating factor contributing to the formation of structures.
FUNCTIONAL ROLE INFLUENCE - the type of influence, character, intensity and direction of which is determined not by the personal characteristics of the interaction partners, but by their role positions. In contrast to the influence of the individually specific, it occurs due to the transmission of patterns of activity, regulated by the role-playing alignment of forces, and due to the demonstration of a certain set of methods of action that do not go beyond the role-playing prescriptions.
ATTENTION - the concentration of the subject's activity in this moment time on some real or ideal object - an object, event, image, reasoning, etc. Attention also characterizes the consistency of various links in the functional structure of an action, which determines the success of its implementation (for example, the speed and accuracy of solving a problem). Attention occupies a special place among mental phenomena.
INTELLIGENCE - increased compliance with impulses.
POST-HYPNOTIC INTRACTION (post-hypnotic suggestion) is a phenomenon of behavior when a task given in a hypnotic state is then unquestioningly executed in a normal state, and the fact of the task is not realized.
EXCITABILITY - the property of living beings to come into a state of excitement under the influence of stimuli or stimuli - with the preservation of its traces for a certain time.
WILL - the ability of a person to achieve their goals.
REPLACEMENT is a form of psychological defense.
IDENTIFICATION is a form of psychological defense.
ISOLATION IN PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY is a form of psychological defense.
IMPULSE is a character trait expressed in a tendency to act without hesitation.
INDIVIDUALITY (from Latin indiduum - indivisible, individual) is a concept that denotes the individual tempo and rhythm of mental processes, the degree of stability of feelings.
INSIGHT - a moment of insight, grasping certain relationships and the structure of the situation as a whole, not deduced from the subject's past experience.
INTELLECTUALIZATION is a form of psychological defense, manifested in abstraction from traumatic experiences.
INTERNALIZATION is a form of psychological defense in which insurmountable obstacles are rejected as "unwanted."
INTROJECTION is the opposite of projection, the replacement of external objects by their internal images, which play an important role in the formation of the "super-I", conscience, etc.
INTROSPECTION is a method of psychological analysis, observation of one's own mental processes without using any tools or standards.
INTUITION - non-formalized knowledge based on experience.
HYSTERIA is a pathocharacterological disorder associated with an excessive tendency to suggestion and self-hypnosis, as well as a weakness in conscious control over behavior.
CATARSIS (abreaction) - an emotional response to previously suppressed painful experiences.
CATEXIS - the focus of psychic energy (libido) on an object and fixation on it. The object can be a real object, idea, form of behavior
COMPLEX - a set of ideas (conscious and unconscious) that affect human behavior. (Oedipus complex, etc.).
COMPLEX OF INSUFFICIENCY is a theoretical concept in individual psychology.
CONVERSION is a form of psychological defense, manifested in the somatization of psychopathological manifestations.
COUNTER-TRANSFER - "transference" in the process of therapy of the doctor's attitude to the patient (and vice versa).
LIBIDO - a set of "life-affirming" instincts (in the narrow sense of the word - sexual attraction).
MAZOCHISM is a phenomenon that covers a wide range of ways to get pleasure from suffering: normal or pathological, physical or moral.
MELANCHOLIK - temperament in the classification of Hippocrates.
OBSESSIONS - states when thoughts, memories, fears, drives, actions, feelings are reproduced in an uncontrollably irresistible manner, leading to disruption of activity.
NEUROSIS is a psychogenic affect or symptom of a personality disorder, which is a symbolic manifestation of a conflict rooted in the child's psyche of the subject and representing a compromise between desire and protection from it.
OBJECT - an object used to relieve emotional stress in the process of psychotherapy.
RESPONSE - adequate awareness of a previously "repressed" traumatic situation in order to relieve emotional stress. In a psychoanalytic situation, a safe environment is created for this.
DENIAL - a form of psychological defense, which consists in the complete or partial refusal from the awareness of the traumatic situation; unconscious ignorance of events in the external and internal world.
TRANSFER / TRANSFER is an empirical phenomenon recorded in psychoanalysis. The transfer by the patient to the therapist of his feelings that he experienced in early childhood in relation to significant others, for example, parents
PERCEPTIVE PROTECTION - a form of psychological defense, manifested in the unconscious "difficulty" in the perception of traumatic information.
SUBCONSCIOUSNESS is a term that combines the preconscious (facts that can be realized) and the unconscious.
GENDER IDENTITY - an individual's awareness of his gender.
PRESENTATION is a form of "mental image" (conscious or subconscious).
ATTACHMENT is a complex of positive feelings that excludes sexuality.
PROJECTION is a form of psychological defense, an unconscious endowment of another with one's own traits and properties.
Projection (from Latin projectio - throwing forward) is a psychological mechanism.
PSYCHOANALYSIS - founded by Z. Freud at the end of the 19th century at the beginning as a method of studying and treating hysterical neuroses; later it developed into a theory, the focus of which is the driving forces of mental life, motives, drives, meanings. The structural diagram of the psyche is defined as a 3-level: conscious, subconscious, unconscious. Studying and understanding the relationship between levels in the process of psychoanalytic therapy leads to the elimination of painful symptoms.
PSYCHODYNAMICS is one of psychoanalytic theories describing human behavior and motivation.
PSYCHOSIS is a general mental disorder characterized by personality disintegration and an inability to relate oneself to others.
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROTECTION - a system of mechanisms aimed at minimizing negative experiences associated with conflicts that threaten the integrity of the individual. Such conflicts can be provoked as contradictory
by the attitudes in the personality itself, and by the mismatch of external information and the personality's image of the world and the image of I.
PSYCHOLOGY is the science of the laws, mechanism and facts of the mental life of man and animals.
RATIONALIZATION - a form of psychological defense, manifested by the desire for a "reasonable" explanation of their own wrong or unconscious actions.
RATIONALIZATION is a form of psychological defense.
REVERSION - "inversion" of the instinct in the opposite sign.
REGRESSION - "return" to a more infantile response.
REPRESSION is a form of psychological defense, suppression, expulsion from memory of unpleasant, painful and unpleasant memories, images, thoughts.
REFLEXION - analysis of one's own mental state; the principle of human thinking, directing it towards comprehending and comprehending its own forms and prerequisites.
RIGIDITY - unwillingness to change the program of action in accordance with new situational requirements.
Rigidity (from Lat. Rigidus - hard, hard) - unwillingness to change.
SADISM - sexual gratification by causing suffering or humiliation to a sexual partner.
SELF-CONFIRMATION - the desire of the individual to achieve and maintain a certain self-affirmation.
SANGVINIK - temperament in the classification of Hippocrates.
Thickening is one of the unconscious mental processes that determines the onset of sleep.
SYMBOLIZATION is one of the unconscious mental processes that determine the "distortion of dreams."
SOCIALIZATION - the process of appropriation by a person of socially developed experience, primarily the system social roles... This process is carried out in the family, preschool institutions, school, labor and other collectives.
SUBLIMATION is a form of psychological defense in which instinctive drives, unacceptable for consciousness, are directed towards socially and personally acceptable goals.
TRANSFER / TRANSFER is an empirical phenomenon recorded in psychoanalysis. The transfer by the patient to the therapist of his feelings, which he experienced in early childhood in relation to significant others, such as parents. It can be positive and negative.
ANXIETY - negative emotional experiences caused by the expectation of something dangerous, unrelated to specific events.
ANXIETY is a personality trait that manifests itself in the mild and frequent occurrence of anxiety states.
SATISFACTION is a thought (action) that relieves emotional stress. Phlegmatic - temperament in the classification of Hippocrates. PHOBIA - compulsively arising states of fear.
FRUSTRATION is a negative mental state caused by the impossibility of satisfying certain needs.
CHOLERIC - temperament in the classification of Hippocrates.
FEELINGS - emotional experiences of a person, which reflect the stable attitude of the individual to certain objects or processes of the surrounding world.
EGO (ID) - a concept that characterizes "reasonable" ("instinctive") activity.
EXTERNALIZATION is a form of psychological defense (opposite to internalization), in which insurmountable obstacles are perceived as “forced”, conditioned by external factors (according to K. Horney).
EMPATHY - the ability of a person to experience in parallel those emotions that arise in another person in the process of communicating with him.
