How is the heating payment calculated according to the standard? In fact, but with ONE. Is it profitable to pay for heat according to the apartment meter? & Nbsp How to calculate the volume of utilities for heating

Installing a heating meter in an apartment is the best solution to save the family budget. The installation of the device is carried out in accordance with a certain technology, therefore, the work must be performed by specialized organizations.

To obtain benefits, it is necessary to be guided by the adopted regulations, on the basis of which the flow meter is recognized as put into operation, and the readings of the device are accepted for calculating the monthly payment.

Heating meters in the apartment: profitable or not

In accordance with Federal law No. 261, in apartment buildings that are connected to central utilities, ODPU should be installed. The presence of a common device allows the owners of apartments and non-residential premises to equip their objects with individual reading devices.

To switch over to metering according to IPU, the owners must install heat meters. The installation is provided for by the procedure for calculating payments, which is enshrined in Government Decree No. 354.

Based on the feedback from consumers, who, according to the rules, equipped apartments with flow meters, a number of positive and negative aspects inherent in thermal energy metering devices stand out.

pros

1. Get significant savings. Household meters are profitable, but on condition that the house complies with a high class of energy efficiency (devoid of places of loss of carrier and heat leakage).
2. Room temperature control. The owner can reduce the heating of the object: it is enough to slightly close the shut-off valve. The action is reflected in reducing the consumption of the resource, which affects the payment.
3. Elimination of unfair charges. If you install an ODU and an IPU of heat, you can protect the house from payments that are formed taking into account the losses incurred by the resource supplying organization.
4. The presence of an individual meter complies with the current legislation, which was developed in the framework of ensuring energy conservation. Equipment multi-storey buildings apartment and general thermal measuring devices eliminates the need for calculations according to the standard.

Minuses

1. Price. A home appliance and its installation can cost a lot more than the estimated savings, especially if the appliance needs to be mounted on each battery.
2. The need to comply with the calibration interval. - a paid service that involves the removal of the IMU. The result can be a significant amount - half or more of the cost of the flow meter.
3. The impossibility of calculating payment by the meter, if the general house device is not mounted or not all the owners of the premises have decided to install individual meters.
4. Failure. The heat energy meter does not belong to the extremely reliable units, because many factors affect the performance. Outdated heating systems with a lot of pollutants and mechanical particles are among the main causes of breakdowns.

When deciding to install a heat meter, it is necessary to assess the technical feasibility and take into account the observance of regulations and laws.

On a note! It is important to choose the right mechanism correctly. The device must pass mandatory certification in the Russian Federation and meet the requirements that apply depending on the type of home system.

How to put an individual heat meter

The procedure for installing the IPU is not difficult if the steps are performed according to the step-by-step instructions:

1. Installation of heat meters begins with a general meeting of owners of MKD. The owners of apartments and non-residential premises must come to a decision that the equipping of the house with flow meters will be 100%.
2. Coordination with the resource supplying organization is being carried out. The procedure will allow you to select a suitable model of the mechanism, to determine the list of processes that must be performed in advance. The smallest number of problems occurs in houses in which the wiring is arranged horizontally.
3. It is recommended to carry out an assessment of the state of the system in advance, on the basis of which it is easier to obtain the technical conditions for installation.
4. Additionally, it is advisable for each owner to take care of increasing the energy efficiency of the living space: insulation is carried out, places of possible heat leakage are eliminated.
5. A project is being drawn up. An official commercial organization is involved, which is entitled to provide specific services. It is more profitable to carry out general door-to-door work, which will significantly save money.
6. The technical documentation is agreed with the heat supply organization. Depending on the form of management of an apartment building, the involvement of a management company may be required.
7. A company is selected that will carry out the installation of the meter, and an agreement is concluded. For everything to be legal, the selected company must have a work permit. In some cases, it is more effective to invite a supplying organization.
8. After installation, an application is submitted to the utility service provider for putting the device into operation, which is accompanied by sealing and the issuance of an appropriate act.

Coordination and installation of heat meters in apartment buildings is a lengthy process, moreover, the savings from such devices do not always justify the costs of them

If all the work is carried out by the supplier of the resource or the management company, difficulties can be avoided, because the contractor most often provides the whole range of paid and free services.

With horizontal wiring of the heating system, an individual meter is most often installed outside the apartment in a special box. If you want to move the mechanism to the premises, you must obtain a separate permit.

The nuances of installing heat meters in an apartment with vertical wiring

The scheme is implemented in many old multi-storey buildings and causes certain difficulties when placing metering devices. Several risers are brought into the room, to which separate radiators are attached.

On this moment the majority of domestic apartment buildings have a vertical wiring system for the heating network, which at times makes it difficult to obtain a permit and install individual heat meters

Installation of heat meters on radiators in apartments with central heating and vertical wiring is prohibited. The taboo is recorded in Order No. 627, officially approved by the Ministry of Regional Development.

The current regulatory act does not restrict consumers in their right to supply devices that will take into account the consumption of utilities. There are rules:

• An exception from Order No. 627 was made for apartment buildings that are subject to amendments to Federal Law No. 261-FZ.
• If, according to the design characteristics of the engineering heating system, it is not possible to place a meter, heat consumption indicators, which are called flow meters, are used for accounting.

The second option provides that a special apparatus will be installed separately for each battery, the work of which is to analyze the heat in the room and the temperature of the radiator. The procedure for calculating the monthly payment in 2019 is carried out on the basis of the RF Resolution No. 354.

Do not confuse a meter that is cut into the heating system with a proportionator or regulator, because the meter takes into account the temperature in the entire system, the proportionator takes data on only one radiator, and the regulator does not read anything at all, it sets the temperature

Conclusion

Metering heat energy using individual meters or flow meters is an excellent opportunity for savings, but only if the current laws and regulations are observed.

The installation process should be carried out by specialized organizations, and in order to switch to a new form of calculation, the re-equipment should affect the house completely, each apartment.

It is planned to introduce concessions to the existing rules, which will facilitate the process of switching to heat meters, but the final date for the amendments has not yet been determined.

Heating bills are one of the most large sums in the receipts of Russians, so any innovations in this area can significantly affect family budgets. Now residents will be able to use apartment-based battery meters and pay only for actual heat consumption without looking back at their neighbors. Today, individual meters can only be paid in houses that are fully equipped with them. As a result, one broken meter can make it impossible to pay only for the energy consumed by the whole house. The Ministry of Construction decided to correct this injustice and prepared amendments to the Housing Code. Now the owners of apartments in houses where all apartments and non-residential premises are equipped with metering devices pay for heat according to meters, and the amount of heat is measured at the entrance to the house. There are not so few such buildings in the country. "According to the government, their number is about 20 percent. And almost all 20 percent are new buildings. Since 2012, all new buildings are equipped with individual metering devices without fail, but there are practically none in old houses," says Igor Kokin, an expert at Nauchno -educational center for federal and regional programs High school state administration RANEPA.

Upon arrival in new house all tenants pay according to the meters. But a year or two passes, and the neighbors no longer agree. One had a metering device broken, the other missed a verification date. And as a result, everyone is deprived of the right to pay by the meter and switch to payment by the general heat meter.

In July, the Constitutional Court ruled on the complaint of Sergei Deminets, in whose house such a situation developed. Because of this, the Criminal Code made a recalculation and forced all tenants to pay according to the common meter, even those who have individual ones.

"The rules for the provision of public services in a certain part do not comply with the Constitution. They limit the ability of a person who has an individual heat metering device legally installed to use it if one or more owners have disabled their meters or have not checked. person, he cannot use the readings of his meter for payment, "says Dmitry Gordeev, leading legal adviser of the Urban Economy Department of the Institute of Urban Economics.

As a result, the court ordered to change the laws. In pursuance of this decision, the Ministry of Construction developed amendments to the ZhK.

Understanding how heating is considered is not so easy. If only because the rules for calculating payments change frequently. They were amended in 2012, 2013 and 2017. At the same time, there are several types of calculation formulas, depending on whether the house has a central heating system, whether there are meters and which ones, whether the owners pay for heat during the heating season or payments are distributed throughout the year. So, in a house without meters, the payment depends on the area of ​​the room, the standard for the consumption of thermal energy and the tariff for heat. In the presence of a general house meter, the calculation of the fee depends on the amount of energy consumed by the house. For each apartment, the payment is calculated taking into account its area. In houses fully equipped with meters, the payment consists of two parts: for the heat consumed inside the apartment, and the heat that went into heating the common premises: halls, staircases and landings.

The amount of payment for heating in an apartment building should be calculated on the basis of the readings, first of all, of an individual meter, and only then - of a common house meter.

If the law changes, then two types of owners may appear in the house - who pay according to the apartment meter and without it. The meter will need to pay for your heat and part of the common house. And without a meter, a part of the total heat costs will also be calculated for each owner, taking into account the area of ​​the apartment and part of the cost of heating the common premises of the house. Specific formulas for calculating heat for houses that have different types payers for heat, while the Ministry of Construction is not prepared. Payment according to the standard for houses with meters is not provided.

The amendments of the Ministry of Construction are primarily related to new buildings. They do not encourage owners of old houses to switch to individual meters.

The amendments of the Ministry of Construction are primarily related to new buildings, says Igor Kokin. They do not encourage homeowners to switch to individual heat meters in the old fund. For them, it can be an expensive and unprofitable pleasure. Since in such houses the wiring most often does not allow installing one meter per apartment, this can only be done for each battery. As a result, the costs are several times higher than in new apartments. In addition, you can use a personal meter in an apartment only if there is a common house meter, which is also a problem with houses of the old fund. A possible solution would be the program overhaul... "Meters are not installed on it in apartments, since this is already the territory of residents," says Kokin. "Sometimes it is difficult to even replace the batteries themselves." So, where the meters are still heating the good old cast-iron batteries, most likely they will not notice the changes.

Infographics "RG": Leonid Kuleshov / Irina Zhandarova

Igor Kokin notes that the heat meter does not always save money. In houses where the standard is low, it is more profitable to pay for it. Counters turn out to be unprofitable for owners small houses- low-rise buildings. But the owners of apartments in high-rise buildings almost always reduce the size of payments when switching to meters.

Meters are beneficial to residents of those houses that are located far from the boiler room. The delivery of the coolant through the pipes is accompanied by losses in the network, but these heat losses are paid by the end consumer. This does not happen with meter owners. In addition, owners without meters pay for their neighbors, for example, those who added a balcony to their living space and did not approve it. After all, payments are charged depending on the area of ​​apartments in the documents.

The cost of the simplest and most affordable mechanical heat meters starts from 3.5 thousand rubles, but this is not the full cost, since this type of meters also requires the installation of a water filter. Therefore, it is sometimes more profitable to supply a more expensive version of the meter. For example, ultrasonic. By the way, it is considered more accurate. The cost of such meters starts from 6 thousand rubles and can reach 30 thousand. Other types of meters, such as vortex, are less common in our country.

It is better if the meter counts heat in gigacalories, since it is in this type of readings that the management company takes. Otherwise, each month you will have to recalculate kilowatts per hour, megawatts per hour and gigajoules using the formula.

In addition to the meters themselves, distributors are widespread in Russia. These are not really counters, they do not take into account gigacalories, but the amount of heat passed into the room. According to the distributors, it is also possible to calculate heat individually for each apartment, if more than 50 percent of the premises are equipped with such devices, the expert explains.

The normative act changed the Rules for the provision of utilities (Government Decree No. 354-PP) in terms of calculating the cost of heating.

The new rules provide for four options for calculating hot batteries - depending on the availability of individual metering devices and radiator distributors. They also divided heating into general and individual heating ( S oi, S ind).

Most of the management companies prefer to ignore the calculation according to the new rules for now - they say, the time will come for adjustments, and there we will figure it out.

Of course, it is much more profitable for the managing organization to collect money according to the standard per square meter. Indeed, with heat suppliers, it is calculated based on the actual consumption of heat energy. And he puts the difference in his pocket.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW! The contractor's refusal to take into account the readings of the IPU for various reasons, they say, "such a calculation is not provided for by the software", " new order calculation has not been studied ”or“ we are not aware of the change in the calculation procedure ”is illegal. Law is law!

With the help of our instruction "New rules for payments for heating in 2019", we invite owners to figure out on their own how to pay for heating now. This will help save the budget for those who have a house equipped with radiator distributors, who have an individual heat meter installed, as well as those who have dismantled the batteries and use autonomous sources to heat the apartment. For those who will continue to count according to the standard, let us recall how to demand an adjustment in the payment for heating.

WHY CALCULATION FORMULAS FOR HEATING DECIDED TO REVIEW

In July 2018, the Constitutional Court of Russia ruled in favor of a resident apartment building from the city of Pushkino, who challenged the payment for heating according to the standard, since an individual meter was installed in his apartment. The house was fully equipped individual counters heat. But someone broke, someone dismantled, and someone did not give evidence. As a result, the owner was denied payments for heat based on the actual readings of his IPU.

The man had to bypass all the courts. And everyone, up to the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, refused him with reference to the current Resolution No. 354-PP. The Resolution stated: if at least one of the rooms in the house is not equipped with a serviceable IRU of thermal energy, then in the rest of the rooms the calculation of the payment for heating also cannot be carried out on the basis of the readings of individual metering devices.

However, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation did not accept such arguments. The court decided that this approach violated the principle of fairness. On July 10, 2018, the Constitutional Court recognized the approach to the calculation of heat charges as inconsistent with the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The court instructed the Government of the Russian Federation to amend the RF Resolution No. 354, which was done by Government Decree No. 1708 dated 28.12.2018.

From January 1, 2019 calculation of heating charges with a serviceable IPU should be made based on the readings of such a device, regardless of the presence of meters in other rooms MKD(paragraph 4, clause 42 (1) of the RF Resolution No. 354).

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation applies only to houses put into operation after January 1, 2012, including after overhaul, and in which all premises were equipped with a heat control system, but their safety in some apartments was not ensured.

BRIEF LIST OF MAIN CHANGES IN THE CALCULATION OF HEATING CHARGES IN 2019

Here's what has changed in the calculation of heating bills in 2019:

Heating was divided into individual and communal heating.

Formulas have appeared for calculating unheated rooms and rooms with autonomous heating (in which batteries are dismantled).

It became possible to carry out individual payment for heat in apartment blocks, which are only partially equipped with individual heat meters (IPU).

In the formulas for calculating the payment for heat supply, new values ​​have appeared: the area of ​​public places and the volume of heat consumption by summing up data taken from individual heat metering devices (IPU), or installed on the batteries of the owners of radiator distributors (RR).

FEATURES OF CALCULATION OF PAYMENT FOR HEATING IF THE HOUSE AND APARTMENTS ARE EQUIPPED WITH HEAT MEASUREMENT DEVICES

1. During what period is the calculation of the amount of payment for your house: during the heating period or during the calendar year, that is, all 12 months.

2. Whether or not a common house heat energy meter (ODPU) is installed in your house.

3. Is your apartment equipped with an individual heat meter (heat meter for horizontal wiring of heating systems) or radiator distributors (for vertical wiring, they are attached directly to radiators).

4. Method of supplying thermal energy to an apartment building. The house is connected to central heating systems or prepares hot water using equipment that is part of the common property of an apartment building (individual heating point - ITP - or a roof boiler room, etc.).

For convenience, we have divided the information into subsections. Look for information on the formulas used to calculate the fee in the subsection corresponding to your type of house and equipment:

I. The house is not equipped with an ODPU, the heating fee is charged during the heating period.

II. The house is not equipped with an ODPU, the heating fee is distributed in equal shares throughout the entire calendar year (12 months).

III. The house is equipped with an ODPU, but there are no individual metering devices in all residential / non-residential premises.

IV. The house is equipped with an ODPU, some of the apartments are equipped with individual heat metering devices.

I. THE HOUSE IS NOT EQUIPPED WITH ODU, HEATING PAYMENT IS CALCULATED DURING THE HEATING PERIOD

In houses that are not equipped with a common house heat meter, the calculation for heating is carried out according to the standards.

Standard is the calculated amount of heat energy that is needed to heat 1 sq. meters of housing within a month. Insofar as temperature regime in different regions of the country is different, the standards are set by regional authorities. The value of the standard may also depend on the type of housing: a wooden barrack, a panel five-story building or a brick skyscraper built in the 80s.

Calculation formula for houses not equipped with ODU and IPU:

The area of ​​the apartment must be multiplied by the established standard for thermal energy consumption and multiplied by the tariff set for thermal energy.

Pi = S i (apartment area) x NT(consumption standard) x TT

II. HOUSE IS NOT EQUIPPED WITH ODU, HEATING CHARGES ARE DISTRIBUTED IN EQUAL SHARES DURING THE WHOLE CALENDAR YEAR (12 MONTHS)

The peculiarity of this calculation formula is associated with the use of the coefficient of the frequency of payments by consumers for utility services for heating. The frequency coefficient is determined by dividing the number of months of the heating season in a year by the number of calendar months in a year.

Formula for monthly heat calculation for a calendar year:

The area of ​​the apartment should be multiplied by the standard for heat energy consumption, multiplied by the frequency coefficient and multiplied by the tariff.

Pi = Si(apartment area)x NT(consumption standard)x K(periodicity factor)x TT(heat energy tariff).

III. THE HOUSE IS EQUIPPED WITH ODU, BUT INDIVIDUAL MEASURING DEVICES ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL RESIDENTIAL / NON-RESIDENTIAL AREAS

The heat meter is installed at the so-called entrance to the apartment building. His readings make it possible to understand how much heat has entered the house. The distribution in this case is proportional to the area of ​​the apartments. For calculations, according to the Rules, you will need formulas No. 3 and No. 3 (6).

Despite the frightening form of the formula, you can and should calculate the heating fee as follows:

Where:

P i

S i- the total area of ​​the apartment;

S about- the total area of ​​all residential and non-residential premises located in an apartment building. Its size can be found on the GIS Housing and Communal Services website, specified in the Criminal Code or in the payment receipt;

V d- the amount of heat energy according to the readings of the general house metering device, if the calculation of the amount of the payment is carried out during the heating period. Or based on the average monthly volume of heat energy, determined according to the readings of the general house meter for the previous year. The managing organization is obliged to provide this information to the owner upon request;

T T- tariff for heat energy. Its value is indicated on the receipt;

V i- the volume (amount) of thermal energy that falls on the apartment. But this value has to be calculated according to the formula No. 3 (6)... We give this formula below;

∑V i- the sum of the volumes of thermal energy consumed in all residential and non-residential premises, determined according to the formula No. 3 (6)... See below.

Where:

S i- the total area of ​​your apartment;

S about

S oi- the total area of ​​the premises that are part of the common property (MNP);

S ind- the total area of ​​residential and non-residential premises located in an apartment building, in which there are no heating devices (radiators, batteries) or in which individual sources of thermal energy are used;

V d- the amount of heat energy according to the readings of the general house metering device, if the calculation of the amount of the payment is carried out during the heating period. Or based on the average monthly volume of heat energy, determined according to the readings of the general house meter for the previous year.

To calculate component ∑V i, you need to subtract the amount of heat energy consumed in all apartments. For this necessary the amount of heat energy determined by the readings of the ODU (V d), split into total area whole house, which includes the total area of ​​all residential premises and the total area of ​​premises that are part of the common property ( S about+ S oi), and then multiply by the total area of ​​all living quarters (apartments) ( S about).

Now that we know all the data, we apply them to the formula number 3:

IV. THE HOUSE IS EQUIPPED WITH ODPU. PART OF APARTMENTS EQUIPPED WITH INDIVIDUAL HEAT MEASUREMENT DEVICES

If an apartment building is equipped with a general-house heat metering device (ODPU) and at least one room in this apartment building is equipped with an individual heating metering device (IPU), then the readings of such an IPU should be taken into account in the owner's calculations for heating. Even if it's just one apartment for the entire residential building.

The calculation will be based on the actual consumption of heat energy by the apartment and the calculation for common house heating, which is used to heat the entrances. So, let's consider the calculation for heating for an apartment with an IPU.

For settlements in a house equipped with an ODPU, but at the same time where some apartments have an IPU, FORMULA No. 3 (1) is applied:

Where:

P i- the amount of payment for heating in the apartment;

S i- the total area of ​​the apartment;

S about- the total area of ​​all residential and non-residential premises located in an apartment building;

V d- the volume of heat energy according to the readings of the general house metering device (ODPU), if the calculation of the amount of the payment is carried out during the heating period. Or based on the average monthly volume of heat energy, determined according to the readings of the general house meter for the previous year;

T T- tariff for heat energy;

V i- the volume of heat energy for rooms equipped with a pulmonary control system. Below is the formula to calculate it;

∑V i- the sum of the volumes of thermal energy consumed in all residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building.

For premises that are not equipped with individual metering devices, the payment for heat is calculated according to the formula No. 3 (7):

Where:

S i- the total area of ​​the apartment;

∑V IPU- the sum of the volumes of heat energy consumed according to the indications of individual metering devices, if the amount of payment for heating is carried out during the heating period. Or based on the average monthly volume of heat energy of such metering devices, if the calculation of the amount of payment is carried out during a calendar year;

∑S iIPU- the sum of the areas of premises equipped with individual heat metering devices, which are involved in the calculation.

FEATURES OF CALCULATION OF PAYMENT FOR HEATING IF THE INDIVIDUAL HEATING STATION (IHP) IS ESTABLISHED IN THE HOUSE

Today, most new buildings are equipped with autonomous heating systems.

In such houses there is no district heating and hot water supply, and utilities"Heating" and "hot water supply" are produced with the help of common house equipment, which is part of the common property of the owners of the premises of such an apartment building.

The calculation of utility bills for heating and hot water supply in such houses is done differently than in houses powered by a CHP.

Heating or hot water utilities can use a variety of utilities such as electricity, cold water, gas or other fuels.

Fee is calculated according to the formulas No. 18 - for heating and No. 20 - for hot water supply (Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

The volume of the communal resource used in the production of the communal heating service is distributed in proportion to the size of the occupied total area of ​​the residential or non-residential premises. The fee is calculated as the product of the volume determined for a particular room and the tariff for the corresponding utility resource.

The cost of hot water supply consists of two components: the product of the volume of hot water supply consumed in a residential or non-residential premises, the tariff for cold water supply and the amount of utilities consumed for heating cold water supply, which is distributed in proportion to the volume consumed hot water.

In Appendix # 2, Formula # 18 looks like this:

Where:

Vvcr- the volume (quantity) of the communal resource (gas or other fuel, electric energy, cold water) used for settlement period in the production of communal heating services;

S i - the total area of ​​a dwelling (apartment) or non-residential premises in an apartment building;

Sabout- the total area of ​​all apartments and non-residential premises in an apartment building;

T vcr- tariff (price) for a utility resource (gas, electricity, cold water) used during the billing period in the production of utility heating services, established in accordance with the legislation.

Thus, the payment for heating utilities in the absence of a centralized heating system in the house is calculated according to the usual principle, which is based on the distribution of the volume of consumed utilities according to the occupied total area of ​​each room. residential or non-residential.

Non-residential premises include various premises, one might say, of a commercial type - shops, offices, cafes, and so on.

With the calculation of hot water supply, things are a little more complicated than with the calculation of heating, but even here, if you figure it out, you can understand the method of charging.

Formula No. 20 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules looks like this:

Where:

Vvguards- the volume of hot water determined for the billing period in a residential / non-residential premises in an apartment building based on the consumption rate, indications of individual metering devices or the estimated volume;

Txv- tariff for cold water used in the billing period in case of independent production by the contractor of utility services for hot water supply;

V vcr- the volume of the communal resource (heat energy, gas or other fuel, electrical energy) used for the billing period for heating cold water in case of independent production by the contractor of communal services for hot water supply;

T vcr- the tariff (price) for the utility resource used for the billing period in the production of utility services for hot water supply.

Summing up the procedure for calculating the amount of payment for hot water supply in the absence of a centralized DHW system, we note: payment is made for the volume of hot water consumed in the room, at the price of cold water supply, plus an additional charge is charged for heating this cold water to the DHW temperature.

The costs of maintaining and repairing equipment used for the production of utilities for heating and hot water supply are not included in the fees for these services. They are paid for by the line in the receipt for the maintenance and current repair of housing.

HOW IS THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE HEATING CHARGES PRODUCED BY THE RESULTS OF 2018

According to the adopted amendments to the housing legislation, utilities were given the right to make adjustments at any time of the year.

Previously, the adjustment was carried out in the first quarter of the current year for the last year. Now the managing organization itself determines the period when to make the recalculation. But this should happen at least once a year.

The decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation took place on July 10 last year. Therefore, it will be necessary to adjust the size of the heating payment in 2018 using two formulas at once: old and new.

In order to correctly correct the heating payment for 2018 in houses where individual heat energy meters are not stored in all rooms, the KU executor must:

For the period until July 10, 2018, use the old formula No. 3 (2) from Appendix No. 2 to the RF PP No. 354;

For the period from July 10 to December 31, 2018 use formula No. 3 (3) from Appendix No. 2 PP RF No. 354, substituting into it either the IPU readings, or the calculated value derived from the standard, and not the standard itself.

You can calculate this value for a room without a working meter: multiplying the consumption standard by the area of ​​the owners' premises; dividing the result by the sum of the areas of all premises in the house, including the common property of the MKD; multiplying the resulting specific value by the area of ​​a particular room, where the IPU has not survived.

HOW TO CARRY OUT ADJUSTMENT FOR APARTMENTS EQUIPPED WITH RADIATOR DISTRIBUTORS

If the house is equipped with an ODPU, and at least 51% of the apartments in the house are equipped with radiator distributors, the calculation for heating such apartments may be adjusted. However, the calculation of the amount of payment in the presence of distributors is somewhat different from the calculation for individual metering devices.

For distributors, as a rule, the monthly calculation of the amount of the payment for heating is not carried out. Their readings are taken into account once a year (or more often, if such a decision is made at a general meeting by owners, members of a partnership or cooperative) - when adjusting the amount of payment for heating.

Adjustment of the size of the fee is made only within the amount calculated according to the readings of the general house metering device for all apartments in which the distributors are installed.

That is, the use of heat distributors does not mean, in fact, for the consumer to pay only for the heating provided in his premises. The amount calculated on the general house metering device will still include the heat energy consumed in the common areas of the apartment building, and the payment is distributed only between consumers in the premises in which the distributors are installed. In the amount of thermal energy that they accounted for according to the readings of the ODU.

For the calculation is appliedformula No. 6Appendix No. 2 of the Rules:

Where:

P i- the amount of payment for the provided heating utility service in i-th residential premises (apartment) equipped with distributors or non-residential premises in an apartment building for the period for which the adjustment is carried out;

k- the number of residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in an apartment building equipped with distributors;

p- the number of distributors installed in i-th an apartment or non-residential premises in an apartment building;

m q.i- the share of the consumption of utility services for heating, attributable to q-th distributor installed in i-th an apartment or non-residential premises, in the volume of consumption of communal heating services in all apartments and non-residential premises equipped with distributors in an apartment building;

Σ - the sum of certain indicators.

ANSWERS TO "HOT" QUESTIONS

1. I decided to equip the apartment with IPU. Specifications at home allow. The management company does not want to accept the application for commissioning. Is this position legal?

The utility contractor has no right to refuse to commission individual heating meters or radiator distributors. The management organization must put the IMU into operation no later than one month from the date of filing the application.

If it comes on individual metering devices (IPU), heating charges are calculated taking into account the readings starting from the first day of the month following the date of commissioning.

2. The apartment is too hot. We want to dismantle the batteries. Does this mean that there will be no need to pay for heating?

First of all, it is worth considering that, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 25 and Art. 26 of the RF LC, installation, replacement, transfer or dismantling of utilities, plumbing, electrical or other equipment must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the legislation in agreement with the local government.

With a positive agreement, the owner is obliged to notify the management organization about the reorganization of the intra-apartment communications. Since the calculation of your payment for heating will depend on this.

In connection with the new rules for calculating for heating with autonomous heating of housing or dismantling of radiators, you will pay 0 rubles for the amount of heat consumed from the centralized system for heating your apartment directly.

But you still have the obligation to pay for the amount of thermal energy spent on general house needs - entrances, wheelchairs, elevator halls, staircases and other places inside the house where heating radiators are installed.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW! The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in clause 1.1 (No. 46-P) of its decision noted that disconnecting individual rooms of the house from the centralized heating system does not stop the owner of such a room from consuming thermal energy for general house needs. A consumer who has turned off centralized heating in an apartment may not pay for it inside the building, but must pay for the heating spent on the maintenance of the common property of the owners.

3. Utility bills are issued by the Unified Settlement Center. Overpriced for heating came. I called the UK. They sent me to investigate the ERC. It is legal?

No, it's illegal. The utility contractor can involve organizations for calculating utility bills and delivering utility bills (ERC, RCC, etc.).

However, the responsibility for the correctness of the calculations continues to be borne by the service providers. Whether it is the UK, HOA, ZhSK or directly a resource supplying organization.

It is the service provider who is obliged to check the correctness of the charge, debt or overpayment at the request of the consumer. And immediately, based on the results of the check, issue the consumer with documents containing correctly calculated payments. The documents issued to the consumer at his request must be certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the executor. This is what clause "d" of clause 31 of Rules No. 354-PP says.

The service provider does not have the right to offer the consumer to apply for verification of the correctness of charges to the Settlement Center. In addition, it is the service provider (and not at all his paying agent!), In case of violation of the procedure for calculating utility bills, is obliged to pay a fine in favor of the consumer (part 6 of article 157 of the RF LC, clause 155.2 of Rules 354).

4. In our house there is a roof boiler room. How will the order of payment for heating change in our country?

Houses in which heat energy is produced using indoor equipment, as in 2018, calculate the heating fee according to the formula no. 18 Appendix No. 2 PP RF No. 354 (if not all premises are equipped with IPU) or according to the formula No. 18 (1) Appendix No. 2 PP RF No. 354 (if all premises are equipped with IPU).

On February 22, 2019, a letter from the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation was issued in this regard, in which the department explained which ICDs are not covered by the RF Resolution No. 1708. Let's repeat: these are houses with a decentralized heating system and hot water supply, in which there is no centralized heating supply.

5. If I do not submit data to the IPU of thermal energy, can I subsequently demand a recalculation for heating?

Recalculation is possible for the entire period of absence of periodic readings, if your IPU has not expired and the calibration interval is not violated. It is a consumer's right, not an obligation, to transmit the readings to the IMU.

At the same time, remember: the management company or resource person (depending on who sets the fee) have the right to check the health of your heat meter. If the IPU is serviceable, the seals are not damaged, the verification period has not expired, the fee will be recalculated.

The management company told us that this year they are going to install a new house heat meter in our high-rise building. In the meantime, it will be changed, we will have to pay for heating at higher rates. Explain whether we can be charged an inflated amount and how they generally calculate the payment for heat?

Denis Potapov. Southwestern District.

As explained in the capital's mayor's office, if the general house heat meter works properly all year round, the heating fee is charged according to the average estimated readings of the house meter for the last year. This is necessary to distribute the amount evenly throughout the year. That is, every month we pay for heat 1/12 of the total heat recorded by the house meter for the last year. The management company divides the amount of heat that, according to the meter readings, heated the house last year, by 12 months. The resulting figure is divided by the total area of ​​the entire house and multiplied by the total area of ​​a particular apartment and the current tariff (see "Specifically").

At the end of the year, the management company compares the resulting figure with the actual amount of heat used and changes the amount depending on whether the house has spent more or less heat this year than last year. The adjustment of the payment is indicated in the receipt in the column "Settlement".

BY REGULATIONS OR BY FACT

If there was a break in the work of the house heat meter for at least a month (for example, the device broke down or the management company did not transfer the meter readings to the heat supplier), then tenants will pay for heating this year according to the meter data for the last year. And in next year- already according to the standard. The payment for heat in a residential building is influenced by the number of floors, the material of the walls, the year of construction, the work of the management company to save energy in the building. On average, the price for heating one square meter in houses where a house heat meter is installed is from 23.11 rubles. up to RUB 29.42 And in houses where they pay for heat according to the standard - more than 33 rubles, that is, the amount in receipts may be higher.

WHERE TO COMPLAIN

If the tenants of the house doubt the correctness of the amount in the payment, they can contact the Moscow Housing Inspectorate with a request to check the utility bills. The complaint can be sent:

Heating costs are growing every year, and many consumers are interested in what they pay for, and why the numbers in the payment are getting larger. The cost of heating is calculated according to the standard for heat consumption, and in apartment buildings it depends on the heated area and on general building costs.

Each consumer should know how the calculation of heating charges is carried out according to the standard in order to be able to control the fairness of charges in the management company.

The amount of the heating fee depends on various factors.

In Russia, there are two main documents, according to which the payment for heating is calculated. The first of them is the government decree №354 dated 06.05.11. It regulates the rules for the provision of public services to residents of apartment buildings. This document became an alternative to the government decree No. 307 of 23.05.06, however, in practice, the old decree is still in force.

The decision on the rules for calculating payments is made at the local level; the region itself chooses the best option for itself. There is a very important difference between them: according to the Rules established in the decree No. 354, the heating fee is charged only for the duration heating season rather than spread over the whole year. On the one hand, this simplified the calculation methodology, on the other, it led to an increase in the financial burden on the consumer.

According to the new rules, in the period from October to May, it rises sharply, as they begin to include the cost of heating. Many consumers find it difficult to pay increased bills, which leads to an increase in debt. According to the traditional methodology established in the rules. Resolution No. 307, consumers pay approximately the same amount for an apartment throughout the year, and it is adjusted taking into account the overall increase in tariffs.

The amount of payment for heat depends on the installed general house meter, the presence of heat meters in apartments, as well as the presence of distributor sensors in residential and non-residential premises.

Calculation of fees for an unidentified general house meter

The general house counter allows you to save

If an apartment building is not equipped with a common building, heating bills are calculated based on three main factors:

• Heating standard. This is the amount of gigacalories required to heat up to the required temperatures of one square meter. meters of area. Each region has its own standard, depending on climatic conditions.
• Heating tariff. This is the regional cost of one gigacalorie of heat.
• The size of the heated area. In an apartment building, it does not include the area of ​​the loggia or balcony.

Thus, the calculation of the heating payment in this case is carried out according to a relatively simple formula:
The size of the fee = standard * tariff *, the standard and the tariff are set by the regional authorities.

The total cost of heat does not depend on the amount of actually consumed calories of heat energy, so this method of calculation is used less and less. Now all over Russia there is a campaign to improve the energy efficiency of heat supply, therefore, heat meters are being actively installed.

Calculation of fees with an installed general house meter

A more common situation today is that a common building is installed in an apartment building, while there are no individual heat consumption meters in the apartments, The structures of engineering communications in many houses are such that individual meters simply cannot be included in the heating system, and each consumer does not have the ability to independently increase or decrease heating ... In this case, the calculation is carried out based on four main parameters:

• The total amount of thermal energy consumed by the house, it is determined by the readings of the general house meter. Its installation allows you not to pay for heat lost on the road due to uninsulated heating mains and other problems of heating networks.
• Heated area of ​​the consumer's apartment or non-residential premises.
• The total heated area of ​​the building. All living quarters are taken into account, as well as entrances, attached shops connected to a common heating system, etc.
• Thermal energy tariff established by law. Tariffs are determined by the local authorities.

The calculation formula is as follows: Heat charge = total volume * apartment area / house area * set tariff. Thus, the distribution of fees becomes fairer, as each house actually pays only for itself.

However, even in this case, the calculation system is not ideal: since consumers do not have the ability to control heat consumption, they often have to simply “heat the street”, releasing heat outside due to its excess. At the same time, you will still have to pay for it in full. Because of this, a more modern version of the calculation with individual meters is becoming more and more popular.

Calculation of fees with installed individual meters

An individual meter allows you to pay for the actually consumed heat

If individual heat consumption meters are installed in all apartments, the calculation will become more complicated, but in the end the consumer pays for the energy actually used, and this option turns out to be the most profitable. The calculation takes into account the following parameters:

• The amount of heat consumed by one residential or non-residential premises is determined by the readings of an individual meter. At least 95% of the premises in the building should be equipped with metering devices.
• The amount of heat consumed by the whole house, it is counted on the basis of the readings of the general house meter.
• The area of ​​the apartment for which the heating payment is calculated.
• Total heated area of ​​the house. Residential and non-residential premises are taken into account.
• Heat tariff set by the government.

All these parameters are taken into account when calculating according to the following formula: Amount of payment = (individual heat + total heat * apartment area / total area) * tariff.

From the readings of the general house meter, the sum of the readings of the individual meters is subtracted, and the remainder is divided among all consumers. Thus, the tenants of the house independently pay for heating the entrance and other general premises, however, the main calculation is carried out on the basis of individual meters.

This allows you to significantly reduce heating costs, since you do not have to pay for worn-out networks and endless utility breakdowns. And yet, the option with individual meters is far from always possible: most often a common house meter is mounted in the house, and as a result, residents still have to partially pay for each other. This also causes difficulties in the fight against debtors: they cannot be disconnected from the single heating system, and as a result, they continue to use heat paid for by other people.

The procedure for calculating payment for heat according to the rules of 2006

According to the rules, each year should be recalculated

If payment for heat is charged according to the old rules, and a general house meter is installed in the house, then the final figures in consumer receipts will depend on how much heat the apartment building consumed during the past year.

This value is divided by the total area of ​​the building, taking into account both residential apartments and non-residential premises such as offices and shops. The result is the amount of heat per 1 sq. meter of area, it is divided into 12 months.

After that, the resulting average monthly energy consumption is multiplied by the tariff approved by the local government. The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of ​​the apartment. Calculation example based on 2011 tariffs for Izhevsk. According to the general house meter, the total amount of heat energy consumed in one year was 990 gigacalories.

The total area of ​​all apartments in the house and common areas is 5500 meters. After the calculation, it turns out that within a year, 1 sq. meter spent 0.015 gigacalories per month. The resulting average monthly volume is multiplied by the cost of 1 gigacalorie of heat at the established rate. 943.60 (tariff) * 0.015 * 1.18 (VAT) = 16.70 rubles per 1 sq. meter of heated area.

The resulting value must be multiplied by the area of ​​each specific apartment. If, for example, it is 45 sq. meters, then the total monthly cost of heating will be 751.5 rubles per month. It is this figure that residents will see in bills throughout the year, since not the amount of heat spent per month is taken into account, but the average monthly consumption received at the end of last year.

How are the heating bills calculated according to these rules, if there is no common meter installed in the house? In this case, the standard is used - the amount of heat energy required for heating. For each house, it is determined separately, this information should be publicly available. When contacting management company a resident of an apartment building should receive all the information about how heat bills are charged.

According to the rules of Resolution No. 307, a recalculation must be carried out in the house every year. It takes into account the amount of heat consumed in the past year and a new fee is calculated based on this.

If the numbers in the payment raise doubts and seem to be overstated, he has the right to demand a recalculation. To do this, a statement is written and sent to the management company, it is necessary to indicate the time frame for which it is necessary to recalculate. Utilities do not have the right to refuse an application, the answer is provided within 4 days. If, after recalculation, an overpayment is revealed, it must be deducted from the amount of the debt for the next month.

Knowledge of the laws allows you to fight for your rights and seek justice. Regular increase in tariffs creates a serious burden on, therefore, it is necessary to achieve a fair accounting of heat losses.

How the calculation of heating charges is carried out can be found in the video: