Candles for staphylococcal infection gynecology. Staphylococcus in the vagina (genital staphylococcus aureus). Prevention and therapy for infection with staphylococci

- this is the presence in the mucous membranes of the organ of staphylococcus, a spherical bacterium that can cause inflammatory processes. Within acceptable limits, a woman may have such a transient type of staphylococcus as epidermal. In a healthy woman, it will not cause disease, as a normally functioning immune system will restrain the growth of this bacterium.

Less than 10% of women are carriers of Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina, and at the same time, bacteria do not cause inflammation in them either, thanks to strong local immunity. In the remaining 90%, Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina causes an infectious and inflammatory process.

If there are problems in the immune system and staphylococcus in the vagina began to actively multiply, this will lead to the development of the following symptoms:

Pain localized in the pelvic area.

Discharges with impurities of pus and having an unpleasant odor.

Abundant discharge can also cause burning in the genital area.

When defeated Bladder and urinary tract there may be burning and pain during urination.

Unpleasant, often painful sensations during intimacy.

The presence of pustules in the genital area, most often.

General malaise and weakness.

The appearance of orange cups on the skin of the labia.

Frequent exacerbations of candidal vaginitis, with all the accompanying symptoms.

Causes of staphylococcus in the vagina

Staphylococci constantly surround a person and live on the skin, household items, in dust, in the air.

They can get on the vaginal mucosa in several ways:

During hygiene procedures, staphylococcus can enter the vaginal mucosa, for example, from the intestines. Especially if intimate hygiene is carried out incorrectly.

During a medical examination, with insufficient observance of sanitary and hygienic standards.

During intercourse.

In addition, in order for the bacterium to begin to actively multiply, it needs certain conditions.

These become:

Decrease in the body's immune forces against the background of an infectious disease, with exacerbation chronic illness etc.;

Violations of the endocrine system,;

Injury to tissues, for example, during labor or during diagnostic procedures;

Diseases of the genital area, for example, etc.;

Poor or improper hygiene care;

Violations of the microflora of the vagina, the death of lactobacilli and the prevalence of an acidic environment.

All these factors contribute to the fact that even staphylococcus that has not shown itself in any way before begins to grow and multiply, causing an inflammatory process.

Treatment of staphylococcus in the vagina

In order to confirm or deny the presence of staphylococcus in the vagina, a woman will need to take a smear for bacterial culture. When the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor prescribes treatment. It is aimed at eliminating the pathogenic flora, at its restoration, as well as at correcting and maintaining the immune forces of the body.

Therefore, doctors practice the following therapeutic scheme:

Reception of antibacterial agents in tablet form. The most popular drugs are the penicillin series, including Ampicillin, as well as combined agents, for example, Amoxiclav, Flemoklav and others. The choice of a specific drug name will depend on the bacterial culture performed and the sensitivity of the bacterium to a particular drug.

Local treatment using antibacterial suppositories such as: Zalain (with active substance serticonazole), Livarol (with the active ingredient - ketoconazole). Vaginal tablets are often prescribed, among which imidil, clotrimazole, antifungol 500, etc. are the most popular.

Topical treatment using antiseptic preparations used for douching. It can be Miramistin, a solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide.

Restoration of the normal microflora of the vagina, for which vaginal tablets are used - Vagilak, Gynoflor, Ecofemin.

Treatment of concomitant disease, if any, with etiotropic agents.

Reception of vitamin and mineral complexes.

Use of antihistamines.

In addition, a woman should follow a sparing diet with the exception of spicy, fried and fatty foods.

Preventive measures should be aimed not only at preventing infection of the vagina with staphylococcus aureus, but also at restraining its growth and development with possible asymptomatic carriage.

Among the most effective preventive measures are the following:

Careful intimate and personal hygiene, with mandatory hand washing;

Refusal to accept any medicines without a doctor's prescription, especially antibacterial action;

Refusal of low-quality underwear made of synthetic materials, which can not only injure the skin, but also become a favorable environment for the development of bacteria;

Timely treatment of diseases of the genital area;

Avoidance of frequent stress, injuries of the genital organs;

Use of reliable methods of contraception, such as condoms;

Refusal of bad habits, low-quality food, maintaining physical fitness;

Use of personal hygiene products.

These simple rules will help to avoid infection and maintain the microflora of the vagina, as well as the state of the immune system is normal. As for the prognosis for recovery, with timely treatment, it is favorable.

Education: Diploma "Obstetrics and Gynecology" received at the Russian State Medical University federal agency Health and Social Development (2010). In 2013, she completed her postgraduate studies at the NMU. N. I. Pirogov.

Staphylococci constantly surround a person and live on the skin, household items, in dust, in the air.

They can get on the vaginal mucosa in several ways:

During hygiene procedures, staphylococcus can enter the vaginal mucosa, for example, from the intestines. Especially if intimate hygiene is carried out incorrectly.

During a medical examination, with insufficient observance of sanitary and hygienic standards.

During intercourse.

In addition, in order for the bacterium to begin to actively multiply, it needs certain conditions.

These become:

Decrease in the body's immune forces against the background of an infectious disease, with an exacerbation of a chronic disease, etc .;

Endocrine system disorders, diabetes mellitus;

Injury to tissues, for example, during labor or during diagnostic procedures;

Diseases of the genital area, for example, endometritis, fibroids, etc.;

Poor or improper hygiene care;

Violations of the microflora of the vagina, the death of lactobacilli and the prevalence of an acidic environment.

All these factors contribute to the fact that even staphylococcus that has not shown itself in any way before begins to grow and multiply, causing an inflammatory process.

Staphylococcus bacteria live in different places human body, absolutely not showing its presence until a certain point.

They live on the skin, enter the microflora of the intestines, the genitourinary system.

Staphylococcus aureus. Main symptoms

If there are problems in the immune system and staphylococcus in the vagina began to actively multiply, this will lead to the development of the following symptoms:

Pain localized in the pelvic area.

Discharges with impurities of pus and having an unpleasant odor.

Abundant discharge can cause itching and burning in the genital area.

When the bladder and urinary tract are affected, burning and pain during urination can be observed.

Unpleasant, often painful sensations during intimacy.

The presence of pustules in the genital area, most often boils.

General malaise and weakness.

Temperature rise up to 38 degrees.

Sleep disorders and neuroses.

The appearance of orange cups on the skin of the labia.

Frequent exacerbations of candidal vaginitis, with all the accompanying symptoms.

At a normal concentration of staphylococci in a smear, women do not cause discomfort. However, certain circumstances provoke the activation of the pathogenic form of bacteria.

In such cases, certain symptoms occur:

• nervousness, irritability;
• burning, itching in the genital area, especially aggravated at night;
• rash on the genitals;
• mucous discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• discomfort during intercourse.

Such manifestations indicate significant excesses of the normal number of staphylococci.

In addition, pathogenic bacteria in an active state cause skin diseases in the form of acne, boils and internal inflammatory processes.

In this case, malignant sepsis, which affects the whole organism, is of particular danger. In advanced cases, pneumonia can develop, and in nursing mothers - purulent mastitis.

Staphylococcal inflammatory process is practically not treatable with penicillin.

Pathogenic staphylococcus in a smear in women manifests itself against the background of a significant decrease in lactobacilli and an increase in the number of leukocytes, mucus.

Normal Staphylococcus aureus should not exceed 103 units under a microscope.

With such smear results, the identified microorganism does not pose a threat to the body and does not manifest itself in any way.

A wide purulent lesion of the skin can lead to a general infection of the blood. Pregnant women are in a special risk group, since staphylococcal infections can infect a baby during childbirth, causing severe pneumonia, nephritis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis.

When staphylococcus enters the intestine, a general poisoning of the body occurs, which manifests itself in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever.

It should be borne in mind that the body does not develop immunity against these pathogenic bacteria.

Accordingly, in case of re-infection, care and accuracy must be exercised.

Symptoms of a staphylococcal infection depend on the place where the pathogen enters the body and the state of the human immune system.

Skin infections:

• folliculitis, furuncle - purulent processes on the skin and hair follicle;
• carbuncle - an extensive purulent process in which several follicles merge into a large focus with a necrotic center;
• phlegmon - melting of subcutaneous tissues with the formation of a purulent area;
• abscess - a purulent process in the subcutaneous tissue, limited from healthy areas.

Symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin are accompanied by pain in the focus of inflammation, an increase in body temperature to critical values.

Respiratory infections:

• angina - purulent inflammation on the tonsils;
• pneumonia - an inflammatory process in the lungs;
• pleural empyema - pus accumulates between areas of the pleura;
• lung abscess.

Urinary tract infections:

• cystitis - the mucous membrane of the bladder is affected;
• urethritis - inflammation of the inner surface of the urethra;
• pyelonephritis - inflammation in the damaged pelvis.

Infections in the organs of the central nervous system:

• Abscesses in the tissues of the brain.
• Thrombi and thrombosis of the sinuses of the brain.

Circulatory system - endocarditis - purulent inflammation of the heart muscles, different kinds thrombosis.

Skeletal system, joints - osteomyelitis, purulent arthritis and bursitis, necrosis of bone and periosteum.

Intestinal infections - particularly affected by children at an early age.

The symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus in adults and children may differ, but they depend on the place where the organism is affected by this pathogen.

Diagnostics

For a gynecologist, confirmation of the diagnosis of nonspecific vaginitis is usually not difficult. For this, only two criteria are sufficient - objective and laboratory signs:

• At the first stage, an external examination is carried out, aimed at identifying characteristic inflammatory changes. With a primary acute variant and an exacerbation of the chronic form, a simple examination of the vagina in the mirrors is sufficient, which allows you to see the characteristic signs. If there are doubts, then a simple colposcopy comes to the rescue.
• The second stage is the verification of the causative agent of the infection - for this, smears are taken from the vagina, urethra and cervical canal. Their microscopic and bacteriological examination allows you to accurately determine which microorganism caused inflammatory changes.

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus depends on the location of the pathological process:

• Surgical intervention.

This is indispensable for abscesses, phlegmon in any organs and systems. The abscess must be drained.

• Treatment of staphylococcus aureus by conservative methods.

The choice of drug is the task of the attending physician. Treatment tactics depend on the signs of staphylococcus in adults:

• Antibiotics - after bakposev with the determination of sensitivity to a particular drug. You should start the course with any remedy - cephalostorins, penicillins, Amoxiclav, Vancomycin. Then adjust appointments after analysis results.
• Treat Staphylococcus aureus using bacteriophages - these are special viruses that can destroy various types of microorganisms. Assign after analysis for sensitivity to bacteriophages.
• Staphylococcus aureus can be treated with the use of specialized immunoglobulins or plasma. Also prescribed drugs aimed at activating the protective functions of the body.

Important! Until the cause of the disease - a pathogenic microorganism - is identified, the treatment will not be successful!

Staphylococcus aureus: how is the infection transmitted?

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus occurs from sick people and carriers in whom the microorganism lives peacefully on the skin, on the mucous membrane of the respiratory system, intestines, and genital organs. In addition, improperly sterilized medical instruments and patient care items can be sources of pathogenic bacteria.

The entry gate for infection is most often the skin, Airways, digestive tract. The spread of infection to others internal organs(lungs, heart, bones, joints, brain, etc.) - this, as a rule, is already a secondary process.

When is specific treatment needed?

Despite the allocation of several clinical forms, the principles of therapy for nonspecific vaginitis are the same. Their obligatory element is the complex nature of the application of therapeutic factors:

1. At the first stage, the use of antibacterial agents is always carried out, which makes it possible to destroy the main population of microbes and eliminate the manifestations of the disease. Moreover, to increase the effectiveness of therapy, it is practiced to prescribe local remedies (douching with antiseptics, vaginal suppositories and tablets) and system form. Preference is given to drugs with combined properties that effectively affect both staphylococci and other microorganisms.
2. At the second stage, the search and correction of violations that contribute to the development of vaginal dysbacteriosis is carried out. These can be various chronic diseases, hormonal disorders, and even banal non-compliance with the principles of hygiene.
3. At the final stage, the normal microflora of the vagina, a natural protective factor, is restored. For this, preparations of lactobacilli (eubiotics) are used in local form.

After the course of treatment, the effectiveness is necessarily monitored in order to exclude the possibility of the disease going into a latent course. To do this, the woman undergoes a second examination, which also includes an examination and taking smears. If its results are normal, then the patient is given general recommendations, compliance with which minimizes the risk of recurrence of infection.

We have prepared for you a hit parade of the twelve most effective and safe means by which modern specialists treat staphylococcus aureus. But let this information not serve as a reason for self-treatment, because only a qualified doctor, after a thorough diagnosis, can prescribe a drug that is right for you and will not cause unwanted side effects. It is especially important to show a child suffering from a staphylococcal infection to a good doctor and not be too lazy to take the necessary tests.

Bacterial lysates

The group of lysates includes drugs that are a crushed multibacterial culture. Once in the body, particles of bacteria (including staphylococcus) cannot cause a full-scale infection, since their cellular structure is disturbed. But they can provoke an immune response and the production of antibodies.

Lysates have many advantages - safety, lack of addiction, contraindications and side effects, the ability to take them as needed, and not follow a fixed course of treatment. The only drawback is the high cost. The most popular lysates for the treatment of staphylococcus: imudon, respibron, bronchomunal, IRS-19 spray.

Staphylococcal toxoid

This drug is a toxin (poisonous waste product) of laboratory-grown staphylococci. The toxin is purified and neutralized, and then placed in 1 ml ampoules and packaged in boxes of 10 ampoules. This amount of staphylococcal toxoid is enough for one course of treatment, the result of which will be the formation of stable immunity in an adult. Toxoid is contraindicated for children.

The introduction of the drug is carried out in a hospital, for ten days, alternately under the right and left shoulder blades. The nurse carefully monitors the patient's condition during the first 30 minutes after the injection. Allergic reactions are possible, up to anaphylactic shock. During the entire course of treatment, subfebrile body temperature, redness and swelling of the skin at the injection site of the toxoid can be observed.

Staphylococcal antiphagin (vaccine)

Unlike toxoid, the vaccine is a complex of ready-made heat-resistant antigens to all possible types of staphylococcus. It is also sold in 1 ml ampoules and cartons of 10 ampoules. Vaccination against staphylococcus is allowed from the age of six months, however, exceptions are allowed, the main thing is that the baby's body weight is at least 2.5 kg.

CIP (Complex Immunoglobulin Preparation)

This medicine for the treatment of staphylococcus and other bacterial infections is made from donated blood by drying. CIP is a protein powder containing three types of antibodies (IgA (15-25%), IgM (15-25%), IgG (50-70%) and packaged in 5 ml glass ampoules. It is this drug that best copes with staphylococcus, because it contains the largest number of antibodies of the IgA and IgM class, compared with other immunoglobulin drugs.

Antibodies of the IgM class effectively destroy staphylococci, shigella, salmonella, Escherichia and other pathogens of intestinal infections, antibodies of the IgA class prevent the reproduction and adhesion of bacteria to the cells of the body, and antibodies of the IgG class neutralize toxins and contribute to the destruction of staphylococcus aureus by macrophages - fighters of our immunity.

Human anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin

It is also a protein powder extracted from donated blood, but it differs from CIP in its narrow specialization: it contains antibodies only to staphylococcus alpha-exotoxin. Taking such a drug, a patient with staphylococcal infection receives temporary help from a donor. As soon as the intake of immunoglobulin is stopped, the effect will also end, because such treatment does not force the body to produce its own antibodies to staphylococcus aureus, but only compensates for their absence.

Aloe vera

Preparations based on aloe extract (capsules, gels, injection solutions, ointments, syrups) have proven themselves not only in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus. The high biological activity of aloe vera allows you to strengthen the immune system, cope with an infection of any localization and quickly alleviate the patient's condition.

But, like any powerful natural stimulant, aloe vera has contraindications. It is not recommended for pregnant women, as well as women with heavy menstruation, endometriosis and polycystic, as aloe increases blood circulation and can provoke internal bleeding. It also increases the activity of the endocrine glands, which is very dangerous for stomach ulcers and pancreatitis.

Chlorophyllipt

Another medicinal plant, able to cope with staphylococcus - eucalyptus. An alcohol solution (from 0.25 to 1% concentration) is made from the juice of eucalyptus leaves for internal and local use, as well as an oil solution (2% concentration) for intravaginal use in staphylococcal cervical erosion.

A weak alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt is added to water and drunk at intestinal infections, and also instill and lay in the nose, rinse sore throat, put enemas - that is, they are used to sanitize the mucous membranes. A more concentrated preparation is suitable for treating skin affected by abscesses, ulcers, boils and fistulas. In rare cases (with sepsis, peritonitis, pleural empyema, lung abscess), chlorophyllipt is administered intravenously or directly into the body cavity.

Before the first use, a test for an allergic reaction is always carried out: the patient drinks half a glass of water with 25 drops of chlorophyllipt dissolved, and if during the day negative effects is not observed, it is possible to treat staphylococcus with this drug. Chlorophyllipt is prescribed only for adults and children over twelve years of age.

Mupirocin

This is an international non-proprietary name for an antibiotic that acts as an active ingredient in several medicinal ointments: bonderme, supirocin, baktroban. Mupirocin has a very wide range of applications; it is active against staphylococci, gonococci, pneumococci and streptococci, including aureus and methicillin-resistant.

With the help of ointments based on mupirocin, local treatment of skin and nasal staphylococcal infections is carried out. Two types of ointments are produced with different concentrations of the antibiotic, separately for the skin, separately for the mucous membrane. Theoretically, it is possible to lubricate abscesses, ulcers and boils with any type of ointment, but only a specially designed drug should be put into the nose.

Baneocin

It is also an ointment for external use, active ingredient which is a tandem of two antibiotics: neomycin and bacitracin. Both antibacterial agents are active against staphylococci, but together they work better, cover a larger number of strains, and addiction develops more slowly.

Baneocin is almost not absorbed into the blood when applied topically, but creates a very high concentration of antibiotics in the skin, so it copes well with abscesses, ulcers and boils caused by staphylococcus aureus. However, like all antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group, bacitracin and neomycin are dangerous for their side effects: hearing and vision depression, kidney dysfunction, impaired circulation of nerve impulses in the muscles.

Baneocin ointment is available without a prescription and is allowed for children, but is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women because of the risk of antibiotics entering the bloodstream and breast milk.

Fusidin

Is it possible to completely get rid of staphylococcus aureus?

Let's just say, no, you can't. Only in very rare cases, when staphylococcus fell on a small area of ​​​​the skin, and the human immunity was activated for some reason, macrophages manage to cope with the uninvited guest, and then they talk about "transient carriage of staphylococcus." If such a situation is discovered, it is by pure chance.

More often, the pathogen manages to gain a foothold in a new place, especially if the contact was extensive (swimming in an infected reservoir, using infected clothing, bed linen, towels). Purchased at the hospital kindergarten, school or summer camp, staphylococcus usually settles in the body for life.

Why immunity healthy child or an adult does not get rid of this dangerous bacteria? Because there are no objective reasons for that, as long as the carriage does not turn into a disease. Staphylococcus, modestly sitting in a corner, does not arouse any interest in the immune system, leukocytes and macrophages do not declare a hunt for it, and the necessary antibodies are not produced in the blood.

In these cases, it is necessary to resort to immunostimulating therapy and sanitation of accessible problem areas: pharynx, nasopharynx, skin, vagina. Such measures will not allow you to get rid of staphylococcus forever, but will significantly reduce the number of its colonies and reduce the risk of carriage becoming a dangerous disease.

antibiotics and staphylococcus aureus

In fact, there is only one objective reason for using antibiotics against such a resistant and flexible pathogen as staphylococcus aureus - the expected benefit will outweigh the inevitable harm. Only in the case when the infection has engulfed the entire body, entered the bloodstream, caused a fever, and the natural defenses are not enough to defeat the disease, one has to resort to antibiotic therapy.

But there are as many as three good reasons to refuse antibiotics in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus:

To cope with some types of pathogen, for example, with Staphylococcus aureus, only cephalosporins of the second or third generation, semi-synthetic penicillins (oxacillin, methicillin), and the most powerful modern antibiotics (vancomycin, teicoplanin, fusidine, linezolid) can cope. Resorting to extreme means is increasingly necessary, because over the past 5-10 years, staphylococci have mutated and acquired the enzyme beta-lactamase, with which they successfully destroy cephalosporins and methicillin. For such pathogens, there is the term MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and they have to be destroyed by combinations of drugs, for example, fusidine with biseptol. And if the patient used antibiotics uncontrollably before the onset of an extensive staphylococcal infection, the pathogen may be insensitive;

No matter how effective the antibiotic is, in practice the effect of its use against staphylococcus is almost always temporary. For example, with furunculosis, after successful relief of the infection in 60% of patients, the disease recurs, and it is no longer possible to cope with it with the same drug, since the pathogen has adapted. It is obvious that such a price is worth paying only for “getting out of the peak”, when it is simply impossible to stabilize the condition of a patient with a staphylococcal infection without an antibiotic;

Antibiotics do not choose victims - in addition to the bacteria against which you use them, they destroy other microorganisms, including beneficial ones. Long-term treatment with antibacterial drugs almost always provokes dysbacteriosis in the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary organs, and also exacerbates the risk of activation of other infections present in the body in the form of carriage.

The harm caused by this microorganism

The most common and dangerous of all varieties of this type of bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus. Penetrating into the human body, in particular into the woman's vagina, it may not manifest itself at all. But there are signs that help to identify the role of this microorganism in the appearance of a particular disease in a woman.

1. The patient feels an unbearable burning sensation in the vagina.
2. A strong pain syndrome develops.
3. Over time, discharge appears that is not characteristic of the vagina.
4. At the onset of the disease skin females may appear yellow or flaky orange color. This happens in very severe cases, when the disease begins to break out.
5. When staphylococcus enters the urethra from the vagina, infection with microbes and the development of diseases in the genitourinary system of the patient can occur, which is most often detected due to the occurrence of a severe burning sensation when urinating.
6. Infection with staphylococcus vaginal structures most often causes the development of dysbacteriosis.
7. Staphylococcus aureus that has entered the vagina can provoke recurrent thrush in a sick woman.
8. On the labia of the patient, staphylococcus aureus causes severe itching, which constantly intensifies as the disease progresses.
9. Often, microorganisms of this type penetrate the vagina and begin to multiply there when the normal level of acidity in the vaginal structures is disturbed.

Prevention of staphylococcus in the vagina

Preventive measures should be aimed not only at preventing infection of the vagina with staphylococcus aureus, but also at restraining its growth and development with possible asymptomatic carriage.

Among the most effective preventive measures are the following:

Careful intimate and personal hygiene, with mandatory hand washing;

Refusal to take any medicines without a doctor's prescription, especially antibacterial action;

Refusal of low-quality underwear made of synthetic materials, which can not only injure the skin, but also become a favorable environment for the development of bacteria;

Timely treatment of diseases of the genital area;

Avoidance of frequent stress, injuries of the genital organs;

Use of reliable methods of contraception, such as condoms;

Refusal of bad habits, low-quality food, maintaining physical fitness;

Use of personal hygiene products.

These simple rules will help to avoid infection and maintain the microflora of the vagina, as well as the state of the immune system is normal. As for the prognosis for recovery, with timely treatment, it is favorable.

The vaginal microflora of a healthy woman contains about a hundred different microorganisms.

The share of opportunistic bacteria and fungi accounts for no more than 5%. In almost every second patient, streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus is found in a smear.

A strong immune system inhibits the growth of colonies of these microorganisms, therefore, it is advisable to prescribe treatment only when an inflammatory process is detected in women, which is provoked by streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus.

Causes of infections

A huge variety of fungi and microorganisms coexist on the vaginal mucosa.

Representatives of the coccal flora also live here:

• group B streptococci;
• epidermal staphylococcus aureus;
• golden staphylococcus aureus;
• green streptococcus.

As long as the immune system maintains a balance of microflora, the active growth of pathogenic bacteria does not occur. In order for cocci to begin to multiply, serious reasons are needed:

If a woman is not a carrier of streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus, she can become infected with them during unprotected sexual contact. Cocci penetrate through microdamages of the mucous membrane and exist in a latent state.

Indirect causes of coccal infection:

Urogenital diseases caused by cocci have vivid symptoms and are treated with antibacterial drugs.

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of infections

In gynecology, streptococcal or staphylococcal infections cause such diseases:

• urethritis;
• cystitis;
• vaginitis (vulvovaginitis);
• cervicitis;
• cervicovaginitis;
• adnexitis;
• salpingitis.

The acute stage of the above diseases in women has pronounced symptoms:

An external examination reveals other symptoms: the vaginal mucosa acquires a crimson hue, becomes edematous, the presence of small punctate hemorrhages is likely. Sometimes particles of blood are observed in the discharge from the vagina in women.

Similar symptoms are characteristic of the acute course of the disease. Chronic streptococcal infection in gynecology has more blurred signs. Further treatment will depend on the results of the study. The main method of research in women: a smear of the contents of the vagina. Staphylococcus aureus has similar symptoms to gonococcus, which is why it is so important to correctly identify the causative agent of the infection.

As auxiliary analyzes can be used:

• bacteriological seeding on the medium;
• general urine analysis;
• clinical blood test.

To get a reliable answer, it is recommended to stop using vaginal suppositories, sprays or tablets a week before the proposed study. Two days before the analysis, sexual intercourse and douching should be excluded. The last washing is carried out in the evening on the eve of the analysis, it is not necessary to wash in the morning.

The results of the study in women usually come after a few days. There is an opportunity to pass a rapid test for the pathogen. In this case, Staphylococcus aureus or streptococcal infection is determined within half an hour. Treatment is selected individually for each patient due to the characteristics of the diagnosis, age and concomitant diseases.

Antibiotic therapy for infection

The most effective treatment of infection in women is with penicillin preparations. Complex therapy helps to relieve symptoms and stop the reproduction of coccal flora: systemic antibiotic treatment and suppositories for topical use.

Antibacterial treatment of coccal infection with penicillins (including Staphylococcus aureus):

Cephalosporin drugs:

• Cefalexin
• Cefuroxime;
• Cefazolin;
• Ceftriaxone;
• Suprax.

Treatment usually takes 7 to 10 days. It is forbidden to adjust the dosage or cancel the drug on your own. For a speedy recovery, treatment in women is supported by the use of topical agents.

Antibacterial suppositories:

Treatment in women is usually fixed by prescribing drugs to restore the microflora of the vagina. Gynoflor, Vagisan, Vagilak candles have proven themselves well.

To avoid contracting a coccal infection, it is necessary to use condoms with a new partner, treat reproductive diseases in a timely manner, wear high-quality comfortable underwear and monitor the hygiene of the genitals.

Compliance with elementary hygiene rules will support the state of local immunity. If you find unpleasant signs of a coccal infection, you should immediately consult a doctor. Early initiation of therapy provides a favorable prognosis for recovery.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Causes of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Unprotected intercourse.

Diseases of the genital area;

Disruptions in the hormonal system;

Dysbacteriosis of the vagina, etc.

Treatment of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Prevention of staphylococcus in women

Education: Diploma "Obstetrics and Gynecology" received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development (2010). In 2013, she completed her postgraduate studies at the NMU. N. I. Pirogov.

Other doctors

Among the etiology of various gynecological diseases, a significant role is occupied by bacterial infections. Staphylococcus in the vagina causes the development of the inflammatory process. It is important to treat this disease in time, preventing its chronicity and complications.

This infection in gynecology is found quite often. Most women are carriers of staphylococcus aureus, but with good local immunity, inflammation does not develop.

There are a number of factors contributing to inflammation:

• decrease in general and local immunity;
• hormonal imbalance;
• violation of vaginal acidity;
• improper treatment of infections;
• dysbacteriosis;
• gynecological diseases.

In the case of a decrease in the body's defenses, a pathological process develops, which is facilitated by trauma to the mucous membranes and a change in the pH of the vagina towards alkaline. Violation of the acid-base balance causes the death of lactic acid bacteria and the reproduction of opportunistic microflora.

The failure of the hormonal background is displayed on the condition of the mucous membranes of the vagina, because of which their protective function suffers, they become the entrance gate for infection.

Staphylococcus enters the vagina from the skin of the carrier. This bacterium often lives on the mucous membrane of the throat and causes the development of a sore throat. Infection occurs from another person through the sharing of hygiene items. As with other sexually transmitted infections, infection can occur during sexual intercourse.

If staphylococcus lives on the membranes of the throat, then one of the ways of infection is oral sex. You can become infected during hygiene procedures and medical procedures.

Infection occurs when taking a smear from the urethra, during ureteroscopy and other instrumental research methods. An important role is played by insufficient intimate hygiene when staphylococcus aureus is introduced from the skin around the intestines.

The incubation period takes an average of 5-10 days. Sometimes it can be reduced to 2 days or extended to a month, depending on the condition of the body and the activity of bacteria.

Symptoms

The course of the disease in women can pass with sluggish symptoms, without pronounced clinical manifestations. In other cases, acute symptoms of inflammation develop, which makes a woman turn to a gynecologist with obvious complaints.

In some cases, spontaneous recovery is possible, but more often the untreated process turns into a long-term one. chronic stage. The clinical picture of staphylococcal infection in women is largely similar to the manifestations of gonorrhea. Therefore, diagnosis and therapy should be carried out only by the attending gynecologist.

Typical symptoms of staph in the vagina are as follows:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• burning and itching in the genitals;
• painful urination;
• yellow vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• pain in the lower back;
• disturbed menstrual cycle;
• discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• the appearance of pustular rashes on the genitals;
• development of candidal vaginitis.
• general malaise;
• fever;
• sleep disturbance.

A woman comes to a gynecologist's appointment with complaints about aching pain in the lower abdomen, lower back. Sexual contact becomes painful. When the infection spreads to the urethra and bladder, painful urination appears.

Menstruation passes with pathological yellow discharge. This causes itching and burning in the perineum, a pungent odor appears. Of the violations of the menstrual cycle, a delay in menstruation is more often noted.

The development of vaginal candidiasis is evidenced by the appearance of curdled discharge. The general malaise is moderately pronounced, and the increase in body temperature can reach up to 38 degrees.

Treatment and prevention

To confirm the staphylococcal etiology of the disease, it is necessary to pass a smear from the vagina for bacterial culture. It is important to consult a doctor in time, and self-medication is unacceptable. Improper intake of drugs is fraught with complications and chronicity of the disease.

In addition to the isolation of staphylococcus, its sensitivity to antibiotics is determined, on which the choice of a particular drug depends. General treatment is most often carried out with penicillin antibiotics and combined agents. Preference is given to protected drugs (Amoxiclav, Flemoklav).

Local therapy consists in the use of antibacterial suppositories: Livarol, Zalain. Vaginal tablets are used:

• Clotrimazole;
• Imidil;
• Antifungol.

Combined local treatment is carried out by douching with antiseptic solutions. For this, a pale solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, Miramistin is used.

In the complex of therapy, an important place is occupied by the restoration of the vaginal microflora. For this, vaginal tablets are prescribed:

• Ecofemin;
• Vagilak;
• Gynoflor.

For general strengthening of the body are used combined preparations with minerals and vitamin complexes. Antihistamines are prescribed as symptomatic therapy to eliminate itching, swelling, and antipyretic purposes.

To achieve the maximum effect, as well as to prevent re-infection, it is necessary to examine and treat the sexual partner.

For the duration of the course of therapy, a pause in sexual activity should be made. During this period, the female body needs special diet excluding fried, fatty and spicy foods. In a month it is necessary to repeat the bacterial culture.

To prevent staphylococcal infection, you should take care of individual general and intimate hygiene. Preference should be given to natural underwear. During sexual intercourse, it is most reliable to protect yourself with condoms.

Conclusion

Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina is a common problem in gynecology and causes severe symptoms. For a favorable prognosis, it is important to prescribe the correct and timely treatment.

Such an insidious enemy of women's health as a staphylococcal infection in gynecology, treatment involves antibacterial in combination with other general strengthening and local methods. Staphylococcal infection in women is caused by pathogenic staphylococci. The microorganism staphylococcus is widespread in nature, so it is not difficult to get infected with it.

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• development of dysbacteriosis;
• other factors.

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• purulent whites;

• pathological periods.

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Staphylococcal infection in gynecology - treatment

Staphylococcal infections are a large group of diseases caused by pathogenic staphylococci. These organisms are ubiquitous, and above all, therefore, staphylococcal infection is no exception in gynecology.

• Staphylococcal infection in gynecology - treatment
• How does a staphylococcal infection manifest itself in gynecology: antibiotic treatment
• Methods of infection with staphylococcal infection
• Causes of a staphylococcal infection
• Gynecological staphylococcal diseases
• Prevention and therapy for infection with staphylococci
• Staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Symptoms of staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Causes of staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Treatment of staphylococcus in a smear in women
• Prevention of staphylococcus in women
• Staphylococcus and streptococcus in a smear in women
• streptococci
• Staphylococci in a smear in women
• Staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy in a smear
• Prevention of staph infection
• Staphylococcus aureus
• How to treat staphylococcus in gynecology

As a rule, infected people are the source of any staph infection. Often, staphylococcus, along with pathogenic microbes such as gonococcus, chlamydia, trichomonas, enters the genitourinary tract during intercourse and during simple gynecological manipulations.

Staphylococcal infection is about 8-10% of all diseases in gynecology. Its appearance is often promoted big number factors. The main one is a decrease in immune defense female body as a result of exacerbation of existing chronic diseases. Often, the development of staphylococcal gynecological infections is the result of changes in the acidity of the genital tract.

The incubation period of Staphylococcus aureus, which is the cause of all gynecological staphylococcal infections, is 6-10 days. That is why the infection does not appear immediately. Symptoms of a staphylococcal gynecological infection are few. The main ones include:

For the differentiation of staphylococcal bacteriophage in gynecology, various types of research are used. The main one is a laboratory study, in which the bacterial material taken from a woman is sown on previously prepared nutrient media.

Treatment of any type of staphylococcal infection is given special attention, especially in gynecology. Today, a wide range of antibiotics are produced that can successfully fight this microorganism. The main thing is not to start taking antibiotics before revealing the sensitivity of microorganisms to it and not to stop immediately after the symptoms have disappeared, when the treatment has not yet been fully completed.

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Source: staphylococcal infection manifests itself in gynecology: antibiotic treatment

Such an insidious enemy of women's health as a staphylococcal infection in gynecology, treatment involves antibacterial in combination with other general strengthening and local methods. Staphylococcal infection in women is caused by pathogenic staphylococci. The microorganism staphylococcus is widespread in nature, so it is not difficult to get infected with it.

Methods of infection with staphylococcal infection

It is possible to become infected with staphylococcus through another person suffering from staphylococcal tonsillitis or carrying staphylococcus on their mucous membranes, as well as through objects. Along with other infectious agents (gonococci, chlamydia, trichomonads, mycoplasmas, etc.), staphylococcus can be infected through sexual contact, through various gynecological manipulations (during the collection of a smear, ureteroscopy, etc.) or independently if the commandments of hygiene are not followed. The primary lesion becomes the point of distribution of staphylococcus in the human body, including in the genitourinary organs, through the blood circulation and lymphatic tract. Often, an inflammatory disease of the genitourinary organ is caused by the combined effect of various kinds of microbes, for example, staphylococci with gonococci, chlamydia, Trichomonas, etc. Therefore, staphylococcus is given considerable importance in various infections of the genitourinary tract.

Causes of a staphylococcal infection

The prevalence among other gynecological inflammatory diseases is 8-10%. What should you know in such a situation? The first thing you need to pay attention to is the similarity of the course of the infection with the gonorrheal process, especially in the chronic form. The second thing to consider, despite the similarity of the course of gonococcal and staphylococcal pathology, they have differences. The spread of gonococci is usually associated with the mucous membranes in the body. A number of predisposing factors cause staphylococcal pathologies:

• decreased immunity of the body due to intoxication or infection;
• hormonal disorders;
• decrease in local immunity (in the urogenital organs) as a result of the transferred inflammation process;
• ineffective local treatment;
• development of dysbacteriosis;
• deviations in the level of acidity of the environment;
• other factors.

Interval incubation period ranges from 5 to 10 days. However, it can be reduced to 2 days or increase to a month or two. Usually, the course of the inflammation process is characterized by a sluggish state that does not show obvious signs, but an acute form of manifestation is also possible. In some patients, the disease subsides from time to time, in others, on the contrary, it worsens. Perhaps the spontaneous disappearance of the disease after a short period of time and the onset of the recovery phase. But in most cases, patients have a long course of chronic staphylococcal infection.

Gynecological staphylococcal diseases

It is not common for gonococci to penetrate deeper tissue layers. Whereas staphylococci (and streptococci too) penetrate through the injured surface into the deep sections of the tissue and immediately spread with blood throughout the body. In the inner space of the uterus, due to the presence of microbes, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, but the entire thickness of the walls of the uterus can be affected. In this case, the following manifestations of this process are possible:

• purulent whites;
• pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region;
• atypical menstruation.

Disorder of menstruation may be accompanied by soreness, profuse bleeding and be expressed in cyclical failures. At the very beginning of infection with pathogenic microorganisms, an increase in body temperature is possible. From the mucous membrane of the uterus, inflammation can spread to the tubes with the ovaries. Then we are talking about the development of inflammation in the appendages of the uterus. Following it, infection of the peritoneum is possible. Unlike gonococcal pathology, infection with staphylococci does not entail such a rapid formation of adhesions on the tubes and ovaries and the inflammation it causes. Often there is a general inflammation of the peritoneum, which is included in the category of serious and dangerous diseases.

During childbirth or during an abortion, trauma to the cervix and vaginal walls occurs. Therefore, it is very easy for infections to penetrate through tears in the tissues and get into the loose layer of fiber in the uterus, rectum, and bladder. With such a lesion, the body temperature rises sharply, severe pains appear in the lower abdomen, the patient begins to shiver. An inflammatory tumor develops in the pelvic area, which is initially represented by an increase in fiber due to edema, and then purulent tissue (with purulent parametritis). Inflammation of the fiber lasts a long and painful time. The resorption of the fiber abscess occurs very slowly, and therefore a painful seal behind or on the side of the uterus is diagnosed for a long time. Frequent companions of this pathological condition are aching pains, episodic fever, bladder dysfunction and difficulty with bowel movements.

Staphylococci, together with streptococci, can get from the affected area in the genital tract into the blood vessels. Especially this way of spreading the infection is typical for situations associated with artificial termination of pregnancy, performed outside a medical institution and by incompetent persons. Often, during such abortions, there can be no question of compliance with the mandatory requirements for surgical intervention. Conducive to infection and the postpartum period in a woman's life. In this case, there is a high risk of developing an infection against the background of damage to the mucous membrane and injured tissues of the perineum, vagina, uterus and cervix during labor as a result of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene of the woman who gave birth. The infection process may not stop at the genital tract.

Pathology can flow beyond their borders. Complications of this condition can be developed thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the veins of the lower extremities), purulent processes in the lungs and other organs. The peak and most dangerous complication of a staphylococcal infection can be a general blood lesion - sepsis.

When conducting differential diagnosis the attending physician should be puzzled by the similarity of the signs of diseases provoked by streptococci and staphylococci, with the course of gonorrhea. Therefore, for a sick person, the priority is to immediately contact an obstetrician-gynecologist when symptoms such as:

• acts of urination with a feeling of pain and burning;
• icteric discharge with the presence of blood fragments;
• pain syndrome (more often it hurts the lower abdomen and lumbar back);
• pathological periods.

Prevention and therapy for infection with staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus is treated with antibiotics. However, microorganisms quickly develop resistance to the antibiotics used. In this connection, it is recommended: in case of infection of the genitourinary organs with staphylococci, use combinations of antibacterial agents. If a sluggish and chronic process with complications is observed, then non-specific immunological and hyposensitizing therapies, physiotherapy are involved. They are supplemented with adequate local treatment. Since with staphylococcal lesions, all contact persons are infected, the same treatment is prescribed to all such persons without fail. Antibiotics are recommended when the sensitivity of the pathogen is revealed.

In the course of prevention, compliance with the rules of septic and antiseptics during local treatment, during gynecological procedures on the genitals is of particular importance. It is important to pay attention to the basics of personal hygiene, since pathogens can freely move from one affected area to another with the hands of an infected person.

The success of the treatment of staphylococcal infection in gynecology and the prevention of complications are largely due to the timeliness of visiting a doctor and the strict implementation of his recommendations.

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Source: in a smear in women

Staphylococcus in a smear in women is the detection of an opportunistic bacterium in the vaginal microflora. To identify it, it is necessary to take mucous secretions during a gynecological examination.

The smear is sent for bacteriological examination, which determines the presence or absence of opportunistic microflora.

The fact that this bacterium is found in a smear of a woman is not any pathology, but only if its content does not exceed 1% of the total number of microorganisms present there.

The norm and deviations from the norm are determined by the degree of purity of the smear.

Symptoms of staphylococcus in a smear in women

If the number of staphylococci detected in a female smear is minimal, then she will not experience any signs of the disease.

However, in the presence of predisposing factors, staphylococci can begin to grow actively, which will lead to the following symptoms:

Itching in the genital area.

Allocations of a different nature, most often with an unpleasant odor.

Pain during intercourse.

The impossibility of a good night's rest, as the feeling of itching and burning intensifies at night.

Increased irritability, nervousness.

Possible rashes in the labia minora, like pustules.

However, all these symptoms occur only if the number of staphylococci in the smear is significantly higher than normal. In addition, overestimation often serves as a signal that a woman has some kind of sexually transmitted infection. Therefore, it makes sense to undergo a complete examination and eliminate the cause of the growth of staphylococcus aureus in the vagina. As a rule, against the background of the growth of coccal flora, there is an increase in the number of leukocytes in the smear, with a minimum content of lactobacilli.

Causes of staphylococcus in a smear in women

Staphylococcus can enter the vagina in several ways, including:

Performing intimate hygiene. The bacterium normally exists on the skin of even an absolutely healthy person; when washing, it, together with water, is able to penetrate the mucous membranes of the vagina. In the presence of favorable conditions for it, the bacterium will begin to multiply. In addition, staphylococcus aureus can be introduced from the intestines as a result of improper washing or self-care after a bowel movement.

Entering the vagina due to unskilled actions of medical workers. As a result, for example, a gynecological examination using non-sterile instruments can lead to infection. Surgery is another way of infection with a bacterium. Although this route of infection is quite rare and amounts to no more than 1%.

Unprotected intercourse.

For a long time, staphylococcus can absolutely not show its presence. However, under the influence of a number of provoking factors, the bacterium begins to actively multiply.

The impetus for the development of the inflammatory process can be:

Diseases of the genital area;

Long-term drug therapy;

Relapses of chronic diseases;

Weakened immune defenses, HIV;

Injury to the mucous membrane of the vagina;

Disruptions in the hormonal system;

A common cause of the appearance of staphylococcus aureus in a smear is the regular use of tampons. It is the synthetic materials from which these hygiene products are made that are a favorable place for the reproduction of bacteria. As a result, an increase in the number of staphylococci and their suppression of the beneficial microflora of the vagina.

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Treatment of staphylococcus in a smear in women

In most cases, it is not necessary to eliminate the bacterium, since in minimum quantities it is not able to cause an infectious process. However, if its indicators exceed the norm, it is necessary to undergo a therapeutic course, which should first of all be aimed at eliminating the factor that led to the shift in the vaginal flora.

It should be understood that the analysis of a smear for flora and the detection of an excess of staphylococcal infection in it is only the initial stage in the diagnosis of the disease. To clarify the diagnosis, additional studies will be required, for example, diagnostics by PCR, which makes it possible to detect even latent infections of the genital tract.

The treatment regimen is selected individually and depends on the nature of the disease. Most often, a woman is prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs and local treatment. It comes down to regular sanitation of the vagina using antiseptic solutions. For this, miramistin, chlorphyllipt, streptomycin are used.

The choice of vaginal suppositories is carried out by a doctor. It depends on the nature of the disease. Often prescribed are candles such as Terzhinan, Pimafucin, Genferon or Vokadin. They have a wide spectrum of action, are able to suppress both microbial and fungal flora.

Prevention of staphylococcus in women

In order to prevent staphylococcal infection from entering the vaginal cavity, it is necessary to follow simple rules, including:

Practice protected sex using a condom.

Get rid of gynecological inflammatory processes in a timely manner.

Properly carry out intimate hygiene, in particular, when washing, movements should be directed from front to back. The same rule applies to the implementation of hygiene procedures after the act of defecation. Hands must always be clean.

You should refuse not only the regular use of tampons, but also the wearing of synthetic underwear.

To undergo diagnostic procedures in the field of the reproductive system, you should contact only trusted clinics that comply with sanitary and hygienic requirements.

Douching should not be carried out without medical advice.

It is important to stop taking antibacterial agents without a doctor's prescription.

Compliance with these rules will allow the beneficial bacteria present in the vagina to prevent the growth of staphylococcus aureus, and it will be detected in a smear in the minimum allowable titers.

The danger of these microorganisms is that they produce toxins and enzymes that are pathogenic for cells and disrupt their vital functions. Bacteria have a destructive effect on connective tissues, skin and subcutaneous tissue. They cause a number of dangerous diseases, among which.

Among folk methods treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus aureus, copper treatment or metal therapy, known since the time of Aristotle, deserves special attention. Aristotle in his works mentions the treatment of bruises, ulcers and swelling by applying copper.

How can a child become infected with staphylococcus aureus? The carriers of this dangerous bacterium are both sick and healthy people, because there are different forms of carriage of infection (temporary and permanent). The course of the disease can also occur in mild and severe forms.

In fact, there is only one objective reason for using antibiotics against such a resistant and flexible pathogen as staphylococcus aureus - the expected benefit will outweigh the inevitable harm. Only in the case when the infection swept the entire body, got into the bloodstream, caused a fever, and.

Staphylococcus in the nose is the presence of bacteria in the nasal mucosa that can cause a purulent-inflammatory disease. There are more than 20 varieties of staphylococcus, and most of them are constant companions of a person and are normally present on the mucous membranes, including.

Staphylococcus in the throat is the presence in the mucous membrane of the pharynx or larynx of a bacterium that can cause an infectious and inflammatory process. The microbe can exist there as a conditionally pathogenic microflora, that is, without causing a disease, but can cause an inflammatory reaction.

Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine is the colonization of its mucous membrane with a bacterium belonging to the group of staphylococci and capable of causing an infectious and inflammatory process. This bacterium does not always cause an inflammatory reaction in the intestines, but only if its concentration exceeds the permissible ones.

The information on the site is intended for familiarization and does not call for self-treatment, a doctor's consultation is required!

Source: and streptococcus in a smear in women

For whatever reasons, women do not communicate with a gynecologist, the examination begins with the fact that they take a swab from the vagina for examination for microbiological culture. The microflora of the vagina is represented by various bacteria - there are more than 100 species of them. A woman is considered healthy if 94-95% of this microflora is Dederlein sticks or lactobacilli.

If the smear contains a small amount of opportunistic microorganisms - cocci, but there is no inflammation - the number of leukocytes is normal - then cocci can be ignored.

An increase in the number of streptococci and staphylococci causes unpleasant symptoms, and during pregnancy it can affect its outcome. If staphylococcus is detected during pregnancy - even with a slight increase in leukocytes - treatment is required.

Why is coccal flora dangerous and why is it necessary to get rid of it?

streptococci

Almost all adults are carriers of this conditionally pathogenic flora. If there are few of them, and they are on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes, then you should not worry.

But when it enters the body through microdamages and wounds, bacteria cause serious complications - rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, sepsis, meningitis ...

• Streptococcus strain A is especially dangerous. If it penetrates the body, it can provoke toxic shock.
• Strain B - most often found during pregnancy. These pathogens can cross the placenta, infect the fetus, which can lead to miscarriage.
• Hemolytic streptococcus. Place of localization - intestines and genitals. During pregnancy, it is necessary to get rid of it - infection of the baby can occur when it passes through the birth canal. In the future, the baby may have dangerous complications.

The reason for the activation of streptococcal flora:

• antibiotic treatment;
• weakening of the immune system, regardless of the reasons that caused it;
• increased physical activity;
• stress;
• genital infections;
• neglect of hygiene measures or passion for douching.

During pregnancy, streptococci increase activity due to hormonal changes. In a healthy woman in the vaginal environment, the rate of streptococci is 104 CFU / ml.

Conditionally pathogenic bacteria are represented by strains:

• serological group B;
• green - viridans;
• enterococci - group D.

Strain A is absent.

If the norm is exceeded, then treatment is carried out with the use of antibiotics of general and local action. Antibiotics of the penicillin group are usually prescribed, but in case of allergic reactions to them, an alternative remedy is sought. During pregnancy, antibacterial drugs are administered by infusion.

After antibiotic therapy, prebiotics and probiotics must be prescribed to restore the intestinal and vaginal flora.

Staphylococci in a smear in women

Staphylococci are also opportunistic pathogens that are dangerous when introduced into the bloodstream against the background of a general decrease in immunity.

The most common are the following strains of these microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, or golden, got its name for the golden-colored toxins released by vital activity. This is the most dangerous type of microbacteria that provokes purulent-inflammatory processes in all tissues and organs.

During pregnancy, it is able to cross the placenta, infecting the fetus. For the production of a special enzyme - coagulase - it is also called coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus.

Resistant to antibacterial drugs of the penicillin and cephalosporin series, it is very difficult to treat.

• Staphylococcus epidermidis, or epidermal, is introduced into the mucous membrane, causing conjunctivitis, sepsis, endocarditis and purulent infections of the urinary organs.
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus, or saprophytic, - prefers the external genital organs, provokes the occurrence of urethritis and cystitis in an acute form.
• Staphylococcus haemolyticus, or hemolytic, can invade any organ. It got its name because of its ability to destroy red blood cells. It is less common in humans than other strains.

If less than 1% of staphylococcus in a smear in women, no treatment is required. During pregnancy, a smear for microflora is taken several times - their increased number in the microflora of the birth canal can cause serious complications in the unborn baby.

Symptoms of staphylococcal infection of gynecological organs:

• the appearance of secretions with an unpleasant odor;
• a feeling of dryness of the vaginal mucosa, as a result of which sexual intercourse causes unpleasant and even painful sensations;
• burning in the genital tract, aggravated at night;
• pyoderma of the vaginal mucosa;
• increased irritability.

Especially dangerous is the increased activity of staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy.

Hemolytic staphylococcus causes inflammation of the urinary system, affects the respiratory system, intestines - it can penetrate into all organs and systems through the bloodstream. During pregnancy, treatment should begin with the detection of the sensitivity of this type of pathogen to antibiotics in order to reduce the danger of treatment. It is not difficult to eliminate hemolytic staphylococcus aureus - it is sensitive to antibacterial drugs from a number of penicillins, cephalosparins, lincosamides, macrolides ... At the same time, topical preparations are used.

During the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, symptomatic treatment with sanitation of the birth canal is possible. Therapy of saprophytic and epidermal staphylococcus is similar to the inhibition of hemolytic activity.

Staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy in a smear

Increased activity of Staphylococcus aureus during pregnancy poses a serious threat to the fetus. It can infect the membranes gestational sac, provoke a miscarriage, infect the baby when passing through the birth canal, penetrate the mammary glands through the bloodstream and cause purulent mastitis.

Its entry into the bloodstream can stimulate a very dangerous disease - endocarditis. During pregnancy, this condition can be fatal.

Treatment of pregnant women from Staphylococcus aureus is carried out with the help of antibacterial drugs of general and local action, immunomodulatory drugs and bacteriophages are required. All therapeutic measures are carried out only after receiving the results of a test for the sensitivity of staphylococcus to antibiotics - this strain of an opportunistic microorganism shows high resistance to antibacterial agents.

Prevention of staph infection

In order for the coccal flora to remain conditionally pathogenic and not increase activity, it is recommended to follow the following rules:

• prevent a decrease in the immune status - drink immunomodulators and vitamin-mineral complexes in the off-season;
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• eat properly;
• try to lead a healthy lifestyle;
• refuse synthetic underwear;
• use tampons only when necessary;
• avoid unprotected sex;
• refuse douching unless prescribed by a gynecologist.

If there are signs indicating the onset of gynecological diseases, immediately consult a doctor.

Source: diagnosed with infantility of the genital organs or "children's uterus", what is it, what does it threaten, and how is it treated? I also cannot cure Staphylococcus aureus, how is it transmitted?, what would you advise on its treatment.

Genital infantilism is one of the forms of delayed puberty and is characterized by underdevelopment of the genital organs, a decrease in the hormonal activity of the ovaries and the receptor function of the uterus. This disease can cause violations of the menstrual cycle, sexual and reproductive function (infertility, spontaneous miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy etc.). Treatment of genital infantilism depends on the degree of its severity (physiotherapy, hormone therapy, etc.). You need to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist, who, after a complete examination and clarification of the diagnosis, will prescribe a treatment for you. As for Staphylococcus aureus, you need to conduct a cultural study to determine sensitivity to antibiotics and bacteriophages.

My partner has a sexually transmitted disease, group B (or D) staphylococcus and candidiasis. Please advise what drugs these diseases can be cured for both her and me.

First, it's not a sexual disease. Both staphylococcus and fungi of the genus Candida are normal flora of the genital tract. In a certain situation (decreased immunity, dysbacteriosis, stress, etc.), their number may increase, then they cause an inflammatory process, which manifests itself copious secretions and discomfort in the genital tract and abnormalities in the vaginal smear. Treatment can be prescribed only after examining the patient and familiarizing himself with the tests.

I was found to have erosion of the cervix, and with bacterial culture - staphylococcus aureus. The doctor said that in order to do a biopsy, you need to get rid of staphylococcus aureus. I was prescribed clindomycin 0.15 x 3 times for 10 days (it was indicated in the analysis for sensitivity to antibiotics), nystatin 500 x 4 times, betadine suppositories 1 light. overnight - 10 days. After this treatment, the analysis showed the presence of staphylococcus aureus. I was prescribed bifidumbacterin suppositories. And after that, staphylococcus aureus was discovered. What should I do, tell me.

1. The simplest reason is incorrect material intake. This is done using a special disposable sealed tube, which contains a sterile swab for sampling. In your presence, this test tube is opened (it is sealed at the factory) and, without touching anything, a swab is inserted into the cervical canal. One movement and, without touching anything, the tampon is returned to the test tube and tightly closed. Staphylococcus is present in the air and on all objects, external genitalia. Sowing is done in oxygen conditions, while the usual bacteria, often living in the cervix, do not grow, but staphylococcus grows. It is necessary to do a regular swab and see if there are signs of a staph infection.

2. If the material is collected correctly, then there is staphylococcus aureus. For any infection, both partners are treated. Both you and your man need to take a course of antibiotics, and use a condom for the duration of treatment. Otherwise, you will constantly re-infect each other, and the infection will not be removed.

3. Staphylococcus can come to the cervix from the vagina. In this case, local antibiotic preparations will help more: in addition to tablets, there are also vaginal forms: for example, Dalacin C cream (the same clindamycin) or tetracycline ointment. Her husband can also.

4. Another way of staphylococcus is from the uterus. This is a sign of endometritis - inflammation of the lining of the uterus. True, it should be accompanied by complaints, but it can also be asymptomatic. He is treated comprehensively, with the use of physiotherapy.

5. The erosion itself can support the infection. Its removal can lead to recovery. The best tactic is to sanitize the vagina with betadine (solution), a weak solution of potassium permanganate, chamomile, sage, etc. under the control of a smear, and with improvement - a biopsy of erosion, and in the absence of contraindications - its removal (with a laser or liquid nitrogen).

It is up to the doctor to decide which tactics is better for you to follow. Just remember point 2.

Unfortunately, you do not indicate the type of staphylococcus sown. However, some types of staphylococci, even aureus, should normally be in the genital tract, but in small quantities. If a regular smear on the flora does not reveal an inflammatory process ( increased number leukocytes) or other abnormalities, then a biopsy can be done even if staphylococcus aureus is present in the culture.

I drink Triregol, daily at 1200 (in the afternoon). I missed one day, I took a pill in the morning. day, the second day. Is additional protection necessary or is it possible? They also found staphylococcus aureus in me, the doctor suggests suppositories with nystatin for treatment, although I came across information that nystatin is, in principle, an outdated drug, especially since I used to treat candidiasis with it.

According to the instructions, the effectiveness of hormonal contraception is guaranteed if the interval between two tablets does not exceed 36 hours. In your case it was more. Therefore, according to the rules, it is necessary to protect yourself with a condom until the end of the cycle, while continuing to take Triquilar.

Based on this, it is better to take birth control pills at night, before going to bed. Firstly, the severity of side effects decreases, if any, and secondly, if you forgot the pill in the evening, then after drinking it the next morning, you will not be late.

Nystatin is really not effective against staph. In this case, the drug Polygynax or Terzhinan or douching with conventional antiseptics is more indicated: infusion of chamomile, calendula or St. John's wort, a weak solution of furacilin or potassium permanganate.

When I came to be registered at the hospital at 12 weeks of pregnancy, the doctor said that I had cervical erosion. After the birth, the doctor took a biopsy and said that it was not erosion and sent me to take a smear for ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, herpes virus and blood from a vein for toxoplasmosis and cytoplasmovirus. I've passed. Then it turned out that instead of a swab for ureaplasma, they took a swab for Trichomonas vaginalis. But the doctor said that if there is no Trichomonas vaginali, then most likely there will be no ureaplasmas. And she said you can’t take toxoplasmosis at all, since it most likely won’t be (since I didn’t have a miscarriage during this pregnancy, everything is fine with the child and nothing bad happened to him at all). As a result, chlamydia, mycoplasma, herpes virus, Trichomonas vaginalis and toxoplasma were not found. But I have something on the cervix (it looks like erosion, but not erosion). The doctor believes that this is against the background of hormonal disorders during pregnancy.

1. What can I have?

2. Is it true that since there is no Trichomonas vaginalis, then there are no ureaplasmas?

3. Is it true that there should not be toxoplasmosis, because the child is healthy and was born normal?

4. Can it be caused by staphylococcus aureus in me (it was found in a child after birth, but it is not in milk) and how to determine its presence in me (a simple smear was taken from me after childbirth, they found colpitis, I have already cured it): Would it have been found with a regular smear if it had been, or would it be necessary to do a special analysis for staphylococcus aureus?

1. What is cervical erosion and what is the essence of treatment. With erosion of the cervix, the cylindrical epithelium (mucosa) of the inner part of the cervical canal is located on the vaginal part, where the squamous epithelium (mucous membrane of the outer part of the cervix) should be. The cause may be the youthful structure of the cervix. In women older than 24 years, a similar structure is considered pathological. The cause of erosion in adulthood is most often the inflammatory process in the cervix, and in second place is hormonal disorders. When it is cured, erosion, if it is small, can heal itself. During childbirth, tears and tears form in the cervix, as a result of which the cervix, as it were, turns out a little. In this case, the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is everted into the vagina. This is no longer called erosion, but ectropion. The cervix becomes loose and easily vulnerable. At the same time, various pathological processes can develop in it. The risk of developing pathology is higher with a large size of erosion. With a large size of erosion or its pathological changes, treatment is necessary. Erosion therapy consists in the destruction of the pathological epithelium, then a normal one is formed in its place. Women who have not given birth or have given birth, but with very little erosion, do not cauterize it, unless it has turned into leukoplakia, dysplasia, etc. It is recommended to see a gynecologist every 6 months. If treatment is still necessary. Erosion is cauterized with a laser, cryodestruction (freezing) and diathermocoagulation are also used. The latter is less preferred due to side effects. In addition, when viewed for erosion, you can take inflammation of the cervix - cervicitis. If the biopsy does not reveal pathological changes, the most common of which are dysplasia and leukoplakia. You can just see it once every 6 months. see a doctor, you have nothing to worry about. Otherwise, you need to be treated.

2. Ureaplasmas in 30% of men and women are representatives of the normal microflora of the genital tract. Most often they occur in sexually active people. If they do not cause an inflammatory process in partners, then treatment is not required. In the presence of inflammation, appropriate therapy is carried out. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted infection. So the absence of one does not absolutely exclude the presence of the other.

3. If you have pets, especially cats that walk on the street, then there is a chance that you have toxoplasmosis. But since the child was born healthy, and the pregnancy proceeded without complications, then the disease is either in a dormant form, or it really does not exist.

4. In order to find out if you have Staphylococcus aureus, you need to do a culture. From the genital tract, secretions are taken and placed on a nutrient medium. Within a week, the microorganisms living in the vagina germinate, and then they determine what kind of bacteria they are and which antibiotics they are sensitive to. But keep in mind that in a small amount, Staphylococcus aureus can be normal in the genital tract.

Tell me, please, how dangerous is staphylococcus epidermidis during pregnancy, found in the nasal cavity, and whether the presence of this disease entails being under observation in the maternity hospital or any other troubles.

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a microorganism that normally lives on the surface of human skin and its mucous membranes. It all depends on how much it is found in you. If this is within the normal range, then there is nothing to worry about. You can send your conclusion, then it will be possible to more fully answer the question.

Tell me, please, is it possible to cure staphylococcus aureus with metronidazole? Prescribed 2t x 3 times a day and two tablets at night in the vagina. Can this drug cure thrush at the same time?

What do you mean by thrush? With vaginal discharge (thrush), a smear is analyzed, the pathogen is determined in it and a diagnosis is made. If you have been diagnosed with staphylococcus, then you need to treat it as the causative agent of thrush. In the strict sense, "thrush" is a disease caused by fungi, do you have it, are the fungi found in the smear? Then they must be treated separately. Metronidazole is not intended as a drug against staphylococcus, it is more often used for other infections. You are more shown doxycycline 1 tab 2 times a day for 10 days, and suppositories - polygynax or terzhinan at least 6 suppositories (1 per night in the vagina). After treatment, after 1-2 weeks, you need to take a second smear and make sure that there is no "thrush" of candidiasis.

I was diagnosed with trichomoniasis, staphylococcal infection and erosion of the cervix. I’m wondering which doctor to go to from the beginning and how can I treat erosion if I didn’t give birth and didn’t have abortions (from where could she even come from me?). How is this staphylococcus treated (if I had it when I was still in the hospital). And finally: is it true that prolonged trichomoniasis can turn into gonorrhea or is it a children's fairy tale?

All of these diseases are treated by a gynecologist. Erosion is, as a rule, a consequence of the inflammatory process. Therapy first infectious diseases. Erosion of the cervix to nulliparous women is cauterized only with extensive damage or the development of complications. Staphylococcal infection is most likely a consequence of the weakening of the protective properties of the body due to trichomoniasis.

My doctor diagnosed me with endometritis. The examination of the smear showed staphylococcus aureus. She prescribed me treatment with gentamicin 80 mcg 2 times a day for 5 days intramuscularly starting from the 1st day of menstruation By inattention: ((I pierced 5 days 1 time per day for 80 mcg, i.e. 2 times less. And my question is the following: what should I now to do? is it possible to repeat this course and what would you advise me? (I also had a sore throat at that time and put bicillin for a month, the otolaryngologist said so).

I'm sorry you didn't follow your doctor's instructions. Since the danger of improper use of antibiotics is that they do not cope with the infection, but cause microorganisms to become addicted to this drug and in the future it no longer affects them. However, staphylococcus is sensitive to bicillin. So, the treatment can be considered complete. You should contact your doctor for an examination in order to find out the state of your health.

As a result of a microbiological study and determination of the sensitivity of isolated cultures to antibiotics, the following was said: “... during a bacteriological study, a culture was isolated from direct bacteriological culture: 1. Pat. Staphylococci 2. Streptococci” and then the sensitivity No. . Does this mean that staphylococci and streptococci “live” in the vagina?

The fact is that both staphylo- and streptococci should be present in the vagina in a small amount. To interpret the culture of vaginal contents, it is important to know how many microorganisms are isolated, and also whether there is an inflammatory process in the genital tract. The presence of inflammation is determined in the usual smear on the flora by the number of leukocytes.

During a routine examination by a gynecologist, a woman takes a smear, and often laboratory assistants find in it such a microorganism as staphylococcus aureus. What does this analysis result mean?

Ways to get staphylococcus into the vagina

Consider where a staphylococcal infection comes from.

1. Staphylococci live around us, on the skin, in intestinal tract. Therefore, when washing, for example, with water, staphylococcus aureus can move into the vagina on the mucous membranes and begin to develop in favorable conditions for it.
2. Also, staphylococcus aureus can be introduced during medical procedures.
3. During sexual relations.

Staphylococcus aureus in the vagina

It can be especially common and dangerous. Getting into the vagina, Staphylococcus aureus may not manifest itself in any way. Its appearance on the genitals can cause vulvovaginitis with painful sensations and burning in the vagina, as well as the appearance of abnormal discharge. Particularly neglected forms of staphylococcus are the appearance of yellow, orange scales on the skin, which means that the disease is already breaking out.

All this can provoke a disease of the urinary system. Once on the urethra, staphylococcus aureus causes a burning sensation during urination. Vaginal staphylococcus aureus can cause frequently returning thrush caused by dysbacteriosis. And itching on the labia further complicates the process of transferring the disease. Vaginal Staphylococcus aureus can begin to develop if there is a violation of vaginal acidity.

Treatment of vaginal staphylococcus aureus

If vaginal staphylococcus aureus is suspected, an analysis is made for bacterial culture, if the diagnosis is confirmed, then treatment should be prescribed by an infectious disease doctor. Often used in the treatment of autovaccines, autohemotherapy and toxoids. Local treatment of vaginal staphylococcus is also carried out using tampons with bacteriophages.

At the same time, immunity should increase. Probiotics are prescribed to restore the normal microflora of the vagina. The main thing is not to abuse antibiotics during treatment, since staphylococcus quickly adapts to them, and in the future this can cause great difficulties with treatment. Treatment should be selected extremely scrupulously.

Here is one of the more effective treatment recipes: Amoxiclav 3 times a day (for 10 days), Linex Bio and here.

As for vaginal suppositories from staphylococcus, it is better to use suppositories containing bifidobacteria (you can make them yourself by taking a swab and dipping it in diluted bacteria). Antibiotic suppositories are Clindamycin, which cope well with the infection, but only a doctor should prescribe them.