How to properly seal interpanel seams. Sealing joints that were previously plastered. Sealing method "Warm seam"

Sealing joints in a panel house can be done in several ways. The choice of a specific technology depends on the condition of the building and the goals set. Our company provides a full range of services related to the repair of interpanel seams, namely:

• Primary sealing in new buildings, at the construction stage. The method involves laying the insulation in an empty interpanel seam, then the insulated seam is covered with waterproofing mastic;
• Secondary sealing of joints in a panel house. It is used when the old sealant between the plates is in an unsatisfactory condition and has ceased to fulfill its function (allows cold, moisture). Repair occurs by applying a new layer of waterproofing mastic, often the old sealant has to be removed completely.
• Sealing "Warm seam with opening" is carried out in several stages:

  Opening and stripping of the seam;

  Removing the remains of the old sealant from the facade;

  Filling the seam with mounting foam;

  Laying insulation "Vilaterm";

  Covering the insulated seam with mastic.

• “Warm seam without opening” - used in cases when concrete poured to be repaired interpanel seams. The big advantage of this method is that the entire seam inside is filled with polyurethane foam. For insulation and sealing of concrete joints, work is performed using perforators. The concrete seam is drilled (at a distance of 30-50 cm), after which the seam is filled with mounting foam through the holes. In the final part, the entire seam is covered with mastic. Concrete interpanel seams are not recommended to be insulated using the “Warm opening with seam” method, since often concrete seams are part of the supporting structure of the building itself.

Technological regulations.

Our prices:

The final price for the work will depend on the number of running meters on which the sealing should be made. You can find out the exact cost of the work thanks to the free service to call the measurer, by using a telephone consultation or by calculating yourself using this price list:

Our works:

1. Housing and communal services "Serpukhov". Sealing joints 3,200 meters

2. Sealing 5,050 linear meters - "Warm seam"

3. Sealing "Warm seam without opening" - 7 750 m.

How we are working:

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Normative acts:

Our company guarantees the repair of panel joints in accordance with all technical instructions adopted in the Russian Federation. In their repair and construction activities, specialists are guided by the main regulatory documents, such as:

SN 420-71 “Building norms and rules for sealing interpanel seams”;

BCH 19-95 “Instructions on the technology for sealing butt joints of panels of the outer walls of residential buildings”;

VSN 40-96 “Instructions for the execution of work on sealing joints of external walls and window blocks”;

TR 94.10-99 “Technical regulations for work on sealing joints of external building envelopes”;

TR 94.07-99 “Technical regulations for work on sealing joints of external building envelopes”;

44-03 TK (routing) "Sealing the joints of external building envelopes";

VSN-119-75 “Instructions for sealing joints during the repair of prefabricated buildings”;

TR 95.07-99 "Technological regulations for sealing joints of external building envelopes";

VSN 170-80 “Instruction Sealing of vertical and horizontal joints of panels of external walls of a series”; P44 / 16

VSN 17-94 “Instructions on the mechanized technology of thermal insulation of joints of exterior wall panels of residential buildings with phenol-formaldehyde foam”.

Why do customers choose us?

Following these standards, the company has developed its own methods for performing external sealing of joints, thanks to which our customers have been receiving a high-quality and quick solution for warming expansion joints for more than 10 years. Experienced industrial climbers who work in the state, the use of the latest equipment and construction equipment are the advantages that make it possible to call the group of companies Diamand LLC a leader in their industry. Be convinced of it and you!

Quick construction, low-cost apartments - all this explains the growth of construction prefabricated houses. The fact that such buildings give a "good" shrink, people know firsthand. New settlers are in no hurry to make renovations in apartments, realizing that it is necessary to wait a certain period (at least three years) after the completion of the house.

What is a panel building made of? The "raw" basis for construction is reinforced concrete slabs. If during their production all technological processes (composition of the material, drying and pressing conditions) are met, then on the whole a solid and reliable house should be obtained. The structural integrity and strength of the plates can be violated if the material was not well dried in the conditions of the plant. This is one of the causes of cracking in a panel house. The second reason is draft prefabricated house.

The main technological feature of the concrete structure is the presence of seams. Poor tightness of the seams causes uncomfortable living in the apartment. “Blowing from all the cracks” - you often hear from residents of panel houses. Dampness and increased humidity in the room lead to the formation and spread of fungus and mold, which negatively affects the health of households. The solution to this problem is the insulation of interpanel seams. The work is carried out using various building materials: mastic, sealant, polyurethane foam and others.

Should I open the seam? Before answering this question, it is necessary to check the condition of the docking section. For these purposes, use a sharp-pointed climbing hammer. Using a tool, the seam is checked for strength. They strike and judge the state of the dock by the result. If the seam is broken into pieces, then opening and full sealing are required. When working with concreted seams, it is recommended to use a chipper.

"Fighting" with interpanel seams.

1. using mounting foam. All work comes down to drilling holes between the plates and filling the intermediate voids with foam. Despite the high-quality construction of the house, even with the most dense pressing of the plates to each other, voids still form. Through them, moisture and cold enter the room, creating uncomfortable living conditions for households. Again, do not forget about the shrinkage of the building, in the process the panels are shifted, and the internal voids increase. Filling of tile joints with mounting foam is not considered the most reliable and best option in this case, however, in practice it is the most common. On the outside, the seam is sealed with building mastic, due to which the foam is protected from the effects of climatic and atmospheric factors;
2. joint insulation prefabricated houses  - troublesome, and sometimes costly. The next method of sealing, consisting in the lubrication of the docking areas, is considered the cheapest and most affordable option. It provides good protection of the seam from moisture for quite a long time. However, in most cases, this method is used in practice by management companies, and it is more likely to be "indicative" than the current one. The thing is that moisture, rainwater can also get from the roof of the bay window. Here, the liquid accumulates, and then seeps through the corners into the living room. The most vulnerable areas are the corner places where horizontal and vertical seams intersect;
3. to solve the problem for two to three years, the method of sealing joints using sealant, foam and witherm will help a maximum. The technology of the “warm seam” is as follows: the cavity of the docking seam is foamed, a Wilaterm is laid and immediately covered with sealant. I use assembly foam to a minimum, otherwise this building material will push out the other two. Over time, the last two materials begin to crack and crumble, thereby losing their qualities. Another drawback of the method is the difference in the dimensions of the withermaterial and the plate. One of them does not cover the thickness of the other by as much as one hundred sixty millimeters, as a result of which the voids are not completely filled;
4. contrary to the previous method of sealing, this option involves the complete filling of the joints with mounting foam. The main condition for using this method: after applying the foam, it is necessary to wait a period of up to two days, and only then lay on top of the Vilaterm and cover with sealant. Complete sealing of the joints is carried out with the mandatory removal of excess foam. If the holes were previously made, then the mounting foam is simply pushed into the seam cavity using a rigid plug. The material is spreading, gradually filling the intersutural voids;
5. use of tubular polyurethane foam sealant. The material is good in that it does not leak water, does not rot, and is environmentally friendly to human health. The elastic tube selects the width of the seam, it should exceed its parameters by 15%. Sealing technology: using a wooden spatula, the material is “pushed” into the joint cavity, leaving a gap of two millimeters on both sides.

Sealing joints during the construction process.

If earlier tow or rubber was used for these purposes, today builders more often work with materials such as dowels, cement mortar, swelling cord made of hydrophilic rubber. Here are a few reasons why such a seal cannot be considered high-quality and complete:

• the presence of chips and cracks in the plates formed during transportation;
• the appearance of gaps in the installation process;
• poor-quality, unfair performance of work.

Only filling foam can fully fill interpanel seams and voids. It spreads evenly on the surface of the walls and does not leave “sins”. Sealant is also used in conjunction with it (we already talked about this, revealing the topic of how to insulate interpanel seams).

Panel house building replaced brick in the middle of the 20th century. Panel housing construction allows you to build in a short time and low-cost housing. In the panel house, between the panels, expansion joints are necessary so that the building does not collapse during settlement. The expansion joint is an empty space between the panels, which allows the house to be mobile and maintain stability. Sealing joints in panel houses is necessary to eliminate heat leakage and hydrosolation of the panel facade. Reinforced concrete panels must be produced in accordance with approved GOSTs in a standardized production. If you withstand all the technological processes of manufacturing the plates, according to the marking, such as the composition of the plate material, the conditions of pressing and drying, then, in principle, the result can be high-quality housing. In this case, the stove can withstand the necessary load in a multi-story building. If a prefabricated house is being built in a geo-moving place, the slabs must withstand the additional load that occurs when the house is upset.

Interpanel seams.

Interpanel seams  - this is the empty space at the joints between the exterior panels of the house, the so-called expansion jointswhich are necessary for thermal seasonal expansion-contraction of panels and ensuring the stability of the building during settlement. Warming of interpanel seams and waterproofing of panel joints is necessary for panel buildings of all series.
Integrated sealing of the joints of a panel house includes the insulation of the entire interpanel cavity (filling with polyurethane foam and laying a Vilaterm) and waterproofing the joints of the panels (applying sealing rubber mastic).

Sealing using technologies of the last century will not be able to protect the room from blowing and leaks.

In most panel houses of the 20th century series, the seams between the panels were insulated with tow and sealed with cement mortar. But the cement mortar is not deformable and passes moisture; as a result, water and ice destroy the interpanel seam.
   According to another technology, in some series of houses, rubber and metal profiles with elastic bands were used to seal joints. Rubber on the profile bar, under the influence of building sediment, moisture, ice and temperature extremes, quickly cracks and shrinks. And after a short time, it already loosely adheres to the walls of the panel seam, so that water flows outside into the seam freely, and cold air freely circulates inside the seam. Metal profiles are more like decorative elements than warm or waterproof.

Many people, after buying an apartment in a new panel house, wait three years and only after that make repairs. When upsetting in a panel house, cracks form completely unpredictably. If a house is built in winter, this poses additional risks. The panels at the factory do not have time to dry out, they often dry on the way to the construction site. The water inside the panels turns into ice and violates the structural integrity and strength of the plate.
  In any panel houses, sealing joints is required.  In concrete structures, seams are indispensable. Seams in monolithic houses are caused by the need for interruptions in concreting. In panel buildings, seams connect the panels. Therefore, the seams in concrete houses must be given priority. Seams in building structures are stress concentrators and have the unpleasant property of diverging. Sealing panel seams should be done only with elastic materials. Rigid material with good adhesion to concrete will crack over time due to the inevitable shrinkage of concrete.

High-quality sealing of joints in panel buildings.

All voids between the panels must be filled and the joint between the panels sealed. The denser it is to close the interpanel seam, the warmer it will be in the house. The highest quality joint sealing is made using technology
"Tight seam".
   Previously, in the construction of prefabricated houses, the interpanel seam was filled with tow or rubber. In modern construction, grouting is done differently, depending on the series of the house. For example, apply:
  - Swelling cords of hydrophilic rubber,
  - Profiles (dowels)
  - cement mortar

The quality of such a seal cannot be high and absolutely does not fulfill its functions for the following reasons:
  - The gaps between the plates are different.
  - There are internal chips and cracks between the plates.
  - Poor performance of work even of such unacceptable technologies.

The joints between the panels are not even, and they get water and wind, contributing to the further destruction of the panel. When the house is upset, the gaps between the plates become larger, and problems creep out. It is often impossible to understand where the water flows from and from which cracks the wind blows.
The causes of these problems must be addressed. It is impossible to completely close the seam from the side of the apartment. This may partially solve the problem of heat storage for a short period of time. The seam can be completely repaired only on the outside. From the inside, access to the interpanel seam is impossible due to the horizontal ceiling-floor plate. If a poor-quality panel cracks on the first or last floor, this leads to enormous heat loss, since a violation of the tightness of the extreme floors contributes to an additional exhaust air. If the plates are destroyed on the technical floor or in the basement, then, apart from the owners of the apartments on the top and first floor, no one feels this on themselves fully.

What must be taken into account when performing joint sealing operations?

Types of prefabricated houses.

Khrushchev

Khrushchevs are called houses, the construction of which began during the reign of N. S. Khrushchev, from 1956 to 1964. It is worth noting that in the capital their construction continued until 1972, and in some areas until the mid-80s. Houses with a height of 5 floors were originally built of brick, but due to the high cost of materials, in the early 1960s, it was decided to erect buildings from panel blocks. The disadvantages of the Khrushchev include a small area. For example, the area of \u200b\u200bthe kitchen does not reach 6 m2, and the bedroom is no more than 9. The ceiling height reaches 2.5 m. In winter, such apartments are not kept warm, but in summer, on the contrary, it is very hot. There is no attic, like a garbage chute, in such houses. Elevators are also not provided. Bathroom and bath are located in one room. However, among all the shortcomings it is worth highlighting the main advantage: attractive price, convenient location of houses, because they were located in areas of the city where the infrastructure was sufficiently developed, not far from metro stations.

Brezhnevka.

As the name implies, the houses that were being designed at the time when the Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU L.I. Brezhnev (1964 - early 1980s) was in power. In Brezhnevka high ceilings - 2.65 m. There is an elevator and a garbage chute. One of the drawbacks is poor thermal insulation of the walls, but at the moment overhauls are being carried out in such buildings, correcting all the flaws.

Panel houses.

On the real estate market there are several series of prefabricated houses. The most prestigious among them are the 137 series. Spacious apartments with an area of \u200b\u200bup to 70 m2, large kitchens reaching 9 sq.m. The middle class includes the series 600.11 and 606. The kitchens in such houses are 2 squares smaller than the rooms in the houses of the 137 series, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartments themselves is about 65 sq.m. An economical option for prefabricated houses is 504 series houses and “ships”. The premises in the apartments were narrowed by 1.5 times, the kitchens were reduced to 6.3 m2. The windows are high and the windowsills are missing.

Block houses.

Block buildings are often confused with panel, however, they have a difference. If in a panel each wall is a separate panel, then in a block one - walls are composed of several separate blocks. In addition, in both types of houses, paired window frames are of poor quality. One of the main drawbacks is considered poor-quality plaster, and uneven ceilings at the joints of floors are constantly deformed, forming cracks in the plaster. This defect can be found in brezhnevka. Among the advantages - affordable redevelopment. If desired, you can not only expand the window and doorways, but also change the area of \u200b\u200brooms, baths, toilets, and kitchens.

Monolithic houses.

Erection monolithic houses  begins with the preparation of formwork, and a ready-mixed concrete solution is delivered to the construction site. It is worth noting that during the construction of monolithic houses do not do "wet" work (plastering and putty). The absence of seams can significantly increase heat saving and sound insulation. Innovative technologies and modern heaters reduce the volume and weight of the structure, while increasing the quality of operation in cold weather. As a result of weight reduction, the need for a too powerful foundation is lost. Thus, the material consumption and the cost of laying the foundation are reduced. It is impossible not to say about the shrinkage of the building, which is simply absent in monolithic. Therefore, immediately after putting the house into operation, repairs can be started in the new apartment. It is believed that monolithic houses are unsuitable for housing. It is based on the fact that solid walls do not allow air to pass through. If we take into account the ecology, then it’s time for everyone to move closer to the forest, in cozy wooden houses. As for the monolith, modern materials and the latest technologies allow the construction of buildings that are completely safe for housing.

Individual houses.

The options for individual house designs are endless. Depending on the ideas of designers invested in the construction of the amount, it is possible to build real masterpieces. The walls between the apartments are also built of brick. Such houses are very warm, however, and not everyone can afford apartments in such a house. The factor determining the cost of an apartment in an individual house includes its location, infrastructure. To increase the heat and sound insulation in houses, high-quality triple glazing with 3-glazing is installed.

Brick monolithic.

One of the most common types of buildings these days. The frame is made monolithic, and the external walls are made of brick. These are the most earthquake and flood resistant buildings. The interroom partitions are load-bearing, but inside the apartment you can make any layout. Thermal insulation is improved due to high-quality insulation in several layers. The life of such houses is about 100 years, and with timely repair of the roof and facade, it increases.

Sealing seams in panel houses of various series.

The choice of method for sealing panel seams for houses of various series primarily depends on the technological features of the erected building and the design of wall panels. In addition, an important point is the economic feasibility of applying the selected method of sealing joints in each case.

One of the best is considered to be the sealing of joints using the "Tight Seam" technology. The essence of this technology is the complete filling (warming) of the seam with subsequent waterproofing of the joints. All work is carried out using environmentally friendly materials, such as Vilaterm polyurethane sealant, Macroflex sealant and Oxyplast mastic. Depending on the specific series of the house, the technology of waterproofing joints in each case has its own characteristics.

A design feature of the houses of the KOPE series is the use of double sandwich panels during their installation, inside which there is a void. Since the panels are not tight, they do not hold heat well, and the damp cold air from the street easily penetrates inside the apartments. Sealing interpanel seams with mounting foam in this case is very expensive and does not give the desired result, since the sealant simply spreads out through the voids in the panels and does not hold the seams. For high-quality sealing of the joints, a Vilaterm sealant is used, which directly fills the joint between the panels, and, accordingly, the entire wall is insulated. At the same time, deficiencies and structural tears of the sandwich panels are simultaneously eliminated.

In panel houses of the series 44, 44, or houses of the "Soviet panel", problems arise mainly due to chips in the panels and large joints through which moisture seeps and cold air passes. In these houses it is usually quite cold, condensation is collected on the walls, and strongly penetrates under the ceiling and at floor level. In this case, the technology “Warm seam” is very suitable for sealing panel seams, and if the distance between the plates is very small and it is not possible to lay Vilaterm, then the seams in this case are well foamed and covered with sealant. Without access to moisture, air and direct sunlight, the assembly foam serves for a very long time and is reliable.

Unlike prefabricated houses in monolithic-brick structures, the main problem arises when joining brickwork and monolithic overlapping, as well as in places where glass windows adjoin glazed loggias. These joints are not enough to foam and plaster; they require good sealing of the window seams, which will reliably protect the rooms from the penetration of cold air and moisture.

Very often, before grouting, it is necessary to repair the facade.
We will make high-quality joint sealing for you!

At least 50 percent of the housing stock is apartment buildings, which were built using panel technology. She provided in due time housing for many in need.

The need for sealing the seams of a panel house

The main problem of such buildings is the leakage of joints, which are formed by structural elements. This indicates that in some cases the need for repairing joints in a panel house is especially acute. Thanks to these procedures, it is possible to reduce energy consumption, get rid of mold, and also improve the microclimate in the premises of the house.

Features of sealing joints during construction and repair methods

Sealing the joints relatively recently was considered not such an important task, which is why little attention was paid to this issue. Most construction organizations used traditional glass wool or tow to carry out these works, and rubber-based gaskets were used at best. Then the seam was filled with a mixture made of sand and cement. At the last stage, the surface was covered with bitumen-based mastic. For the reason that any building structure shrinks during operation, the sealing of joints is broken, even a very slight displacement of the panels relative to each other helps to change the initial joint geometry. Moisture gets into the seam, which contributes to the destruction cement mortar, opens up space for external influences: precipitation and winds. Sealing joints after such phenomena can, of course, be carried out in the manner described above, however, there will be no guarantee of durability. Depending on the state of the joints between adjacent panels, today it is customary to use several techniques.

Repair work

Sealing the joints should be done after the master is able to determine the condition of the groove. Thus, if the concrete or cement filling is not badly damaged, cosmetic repairs are carried out. This access method acts as the most budgetary, but it does not guarantee effectiveness. If the main area of \u200b\u200bthe seam remains in good condition, but has some defects, then repair work is carried out using technology that involves partial opening of the seam at the initial level. As an optimal, but very expensive option, the joints are sealed with a technology called the “warm seam”. It must be mentioned that no sealing can be made from the inside of the room. If such work was done, then they cannot be called qualitative. All such manipulations should be carried out exclusively from the facade of the building.

However, when repairing an apartment, it is possible to fill open joints using mortar and insulation material. This will allow to achieve a certain effect, however, the situation will not be radically changed. Among other things, the sealing of interpanel seams should be carried out along the entire height, otherwise there will be no guarantee that the water falling between the panels will not destroy the already repaired surface. For this reason, it is preferable to cooperate with neighbors, it will be cheaper and more reliable due to the amount of work carried out. The cost is affected by the need to attract climbers to perform these manipulations on multi-story buildings. It should be noted that the use of lifting towers and other devices is often impossible.

Cosmetic repair of a seam

Sealing of interpanel seams can be performed without opening. This option is considered the most inexpensive. It should be used exclusively when the joint is in perfect condition. Initially, the analysis of the condition of the seam is carried out, with the help of a spatula it is necessary to eliminate the layer of the old mastic or resin. If the cement on the base is reliable, then to save money you can limit yourself to cosmetic finishes. However, sealing panel seams using this technology is not correct. After the seam is cleaned, it must be treated with deep penetration primer, it is preferable to use a composition that has fungicidal additives. If necessary, then violated places can be repaired with a solution. Then the entire surface should be treated with water-repellent mastic. In order for the joints to be sealed in a panel house, one-or two-component compounds can be used, the choice will be up to the customer. A number of experts recommend the use of two-component compounds made on the basis of polyurethane.

Features of redecorating a seam

For the reason that the sealing of the seams at home can be done qualitatively only outside, you need to prepare the components of the mixture well, which are mixed with a mixer. Sealant is applied to the joints with a spatula, the width of the tool is selected depending on the size. The front edges of the panels are recommended to be sealed with masking tape, which is removed after processing with mastic. This allows you to get a more aesthetic surface.

Partial opening repairs

Joint sealing wooden house can be made with partial opening of the seam. If some part of the coating is broken or there is confidence that there is no sealing material behind the screed layer, then sealing is done using technology that involves the removal of the cement coating. If a small part of the seam is opened according to this principle, you need to drill holes every twenty-five centimeters. Use for this you need a drill. After the voids are filled with mounting foam, for which it is preferable to use a special gun, which will reduce material consumption. After the foam has hardened, its protruding parts must be removed. The seam is treated with a primer, hidden areas and holes are plastered. The final stage is the processing of the seam using mastic.

Warm seam patch technology

The most efficient way to deal with leaky seams is by a method called “warm seam”. The cost will be higher, but the quality of the work will be on top. Let's consider it in more detail.

Features of the work

Manipulation should begin with opening the seam along the entire length, the sealant should be removed, and the edges of the panels restored if necessary. The surface must be primed. The seam must be sealed with foam, given its ability to expand. After the foam begins to increase, a seal made of foam polyethylene must be laid up. This will prevent the exit of foam out. This seal is made in the form of hollow tubes, but solid can also be purchased. The dimensions of this material should be greater than the width of the seam by fifteen centimeters. In place, it is installed using a spatula, the element must be pressed into the layer of mounting foam. During installation, care must be taken to avoid the possibility of damage to the material. In this case, a tape for sealing joints can also be used. This technology is considered today the most effective and modern. Its use allows you to insulate the seam, making it waterproof, which will provide reliable protection of the home from the effects of external negative factors, increase the operational resource of the building. Sealing joints in high-rise buildings should be done only with the help of professional support.

Finally

You can experiment with sealing joints only at the level of 1-2 floors, with the ability to mount stable forests. In other cases, it is reasonable to entrust the carrying out of these manipulations to industrial climbers. After all, it would be very difficult to physically perform such work, even with the appropriate equipment, without professional experience. In addition, it is very dangerous, and at least the result of the independently conducted work may not suit you, because you do not know about the subtleties and basic rules that should be followed.

A variety of construction technologies associated with the search for ways to reduce costs. Moreover, it is desirable to reduce the cost of work and the time of their implementation. That is why it has become widespread panel construction. In pursuit of deadlines, little attention was paid to the quality of such buildings. In this regard, the issue of insulation of butt joints between the plates is quite acute.

Why is insulation necessary

Concrete panels themselves are a source of cold. Through concrete, increased heat transfer occurs, which leads to significant heat loss of the apartment. But this is not so bad. The thin place of such construction is interpanel seams. Although the insulation of the joints is carried out at the stage of installation of the frame, this is not enough. There are several reasons for the problem:

• Haste of installation;
• Poor quality materials;
• Displacement of plates relative to each other during shrinkage;
• Chips at the joints of products;

These and many other circumstances force to resort to re-sealing.

Thermal insulation materials do not just prevent the formation of cold bridges. They contribute to the fastening of the structure, which positively affects its durability. In this case, minor displacements and deformations can be avoided.

Protection against the penetration of moisture and cold reduces their detrimental effect on the frame. In this case, the service life is extended. Also excluded education:

• mold deposits;
• fungal organisms;
• ice;
• yellow spots of damp

The most common materials

1. A common method of insulation is the complete sealing of the seam. During the construction process this is achieved by monolithic solution.

Plastic solutions are used in the work. They penetrate deep into the cavity of the structure, filling the voids. The aggregate for such materials should be sufficiently small. As it is used:

• fine gravel;
• expanded clay;
• sand

Currently, manufacturers of cement mixtures produce special insulation compositions. They include foam balls. Thanks to them, concrete contributes to the retention of heat flow.

There are also special mixtures with air particles. Air bubbles retain heat, preventing it from seeping out. At the same time, cold cannot get inside.

The last two types of products are:

The first option is more convenient in terms of the correct ratio of components. The second, cheaper and allows you to adjust workability and some properties depending on the working conditions.

Greater confidence in the insulation capabilities will give the use of expanded polystyrene concrete to fill the seams. It differs from conventional mixtures with the addition of insulation elements according to GOST standards of manufacture.

2. With a large distance between the seams, you can use soft insulation fibers. The most affordable option is to use mineral wool. It is characterized by:

• high compression ratio;
• work at low temperatures;
• usability without a specialized tool

Warming with this material consists in pressing parts of the mat in the area of \u200b\u200bnon-integral structures.

The disadvantages of insulation will be:

• the release of formaldehyde volatile elements by fibers that adversely affect the human body;
• the volatility of small fibers that can damage the skin, eyes, lungs;
• work in equipment excluding contact of material with body tissues

It is much safer to use stone wool. As a heater for a residential building, it is better to choose a basalt composition. She:

• harmless to health;
• has long, unbreakable fibers;
• can be produced in loose form

Installation of such a heater will not take much time. No additional adhesive structures are needed. The fiber is mounted by surprise. However, do not over-clog the seam with material. In the case of a snug fit, the fibers will not provide the necessary thermal protection.

3. The use of polyurethane based sealant is common for small joints. The consumption of this insulation is quite large, and its cost is considerable.

This technology provides the following methods of insulation:

• surface;
• with hole drilling

The first option is less expensive. In this case, the nozzle of the spray gun is placed in the joint cavity and the gap is foamed with material.

In the second case, the seam between the plates is expanded using special tools. Foaming occurs in excess. During expansion, the foam should protrude outward. After solidification, excess material is cut off.

4. Wilaterm tubes are specially designed for thermal insulation of interpanel space. The product is a solid or hollow cylinder made of foamed polyethylene.

The advantage of this type of insulation in the simultaneous protection against moisture. Product properties will not allow moisture to penetrate into the seam. In addition, polyethylene seals are quite flexible and remain so even with changing temperatures. This option will ensure durability, even when compressing parts of the house.

External insulation technology

Warming tenement house  the outside is most effective. But there may be difficulties associated with high-altitude work.

If it is not difficult to seal the joints of the panels of the first floor, then serious problems can arise with the fifth.

There are three ways to solve this situation:

• Use of scaffolding;
• Use of an assembly tower;
• Attraction of industrial climbers

Installation of supporting structures is possible only with a small building height. You can use forests with self-insulation of interpanel seams. You can rent them in any city.

The convenience of the approach lies in the ability to cover large widths. In addition, there is always where to place tools and materials for sealing.

Using a tower is a more expensive way. This method is mainly used when diverging part of the structure. With local weakening, the amount of work is immediately visible, most often it is small.

The tower allows you to work at an impressive height. But the range of work in this case is small. In the cradle there is little space for placing inventory, which creates additional problems.

Use is rational during prolonged work in one place. These are the cases:

• with expansion of a seam;
• cleaning it from the old sealing layer;
• sealing cracks;
• work to seal flaws

Appeal to climbers is necessary in case of repair of high-rise buildings. Organizations involved in such work must provide a certificate assuring the client that they comply with all standards. Warming of seams in prefabricated houses at the height of dangerous work and before it starts, you need to make sure the competence of employees.

Often, mountaineering involves not sealing joints specifically, but work on continuous insulation. In this case, a closed system is obtained that does not allow cold to enter the room.

Work is carried out on a cleaned and leveled surface. Plate type insulation materials with a high coefficient of strength.

In no case should it be allowed that the joint of the insulation elements falls on the joint of the plates. With this shortcoming, bridges of cold will inevitably form. Warming elements should overlap the joints, protecting them from the movement of air masses.

Joint insulation

You can carry out internal work yourself. Therefore, many apartment residents and office owners prefer this option.

Joint insulation is facilitated:

• the possibility of holding at any time of the year;
• a large area for placing tools;
• accessibility to all surfaces;
• a wide variety of materials

Before insulating interpanel seams, it is necessary to dismantle the protective layers of the joint. Often this is putty and plaster. You can also encounter a previous warming.

In no case should you carry out new work without removing old materials. Such an attitude may lead to decay of the previous components, which will render the repair unusable.

The service life of previously used heaters could expire. They may be unsuitable for service or may not meet the requirements of this process.

After removing interfering components, the following must be removed from the surface:

• irregularities;
• chips;
• flaky parts;

This scope of work will protect against future destruction of the coating.

If the cavity between the plates is through, it must be monitored with fastening compounds. It is best to do this with a cement-sand mortar. Is he:

• closes the gap for a long time;
• fasten two structural elements;
• will be a great base for plastering

The main problem with dealing with such defects is moisture. You can deal with this with waterproofing mastics.

You can apply the material with:

• brushes;
• spray gun;
• special spray

After setting, the substance forms a waterproof elastic barrier. A thin layer of spraying ensures a minimum consumption of sealing material. The advantage is high tensile strength. With minor deformations of the building, there is a guarantee that the coating will remain intact.

In the case of a small space between the plates, sealing with sealants and further sealing with insulating tape are used. The material is a strip of soft insulation on an adhesive base. Its use avoids a multi-level process of work.

In any case, warming must comply with the complexity of measures. Subject to termination:

• interpanel joints horizontal and vertical;
• corner joints;
• window openings;
• connections of balcony slabs and loggia slabs

Only technologically correct work will ensure optimally comfortable living conditions. At the same time, the level of costs will be reduced, in comparison with partial operations, to form a warm apartment.