Put an electric pole in the country. How to install concrete electrical poles.

Today, humanity cannot imagine existence without electricity. Uninterrupted supply of electricity to each room depends on the competent laying of networks from directly to each consumer. This goal led specialists to the invention of reinforced concrete electric poles. Devices do their job perfectly. Before starting work, you should calculate how much the materials cost and how long the installation will take.

Before making an electric pole, it is necessary to take into account the advantages of such supports. The advantages include durability. Reinforced concrete electric poles can serve consumers for many years. It is important to take into account that high-quality building materials should be used in the construction of supports. They cost more, but their use guarantees each concrete pillar durability.

Another plus is the choice of design. With the help of additional building materials (panels and other means) you can arrange. In addition, during installation, specialists will not need expensive special equipment. This allows you to do it yourself without having to turn to professionals.

How many disadvantages do such supports have? A concrete pillar for electricity has only one drawback. It is about laying the foundation, which is necessary in order to reliably install a reinforced concrete electric pole. Otherwise, the structure may fall.

Application

• power lines;
• street lighting electrically;
• electric power transmission.

Installation

When installing an electric concrete support, it is important to observe a number of conditions. First of all, builders should take into account the landscape, the strength of the gusts of wind in the region, the density of the flow of cars. Also, specialists should measure the distance between reinforced concrete supports. It is necessary to determine how many meters there are between each column. During installation, a thorough check of the strength of the supports is carried out.

Performance of work

For an uninterrupted transmission of electricity, it is necessary to establish a design in accordance with safety regulations. For proper construction of supports, builders should adhere to the following rules:

• install poles depending on the purpose, terrain features and laying, special equipment system;
• to do high-quality installation work;
• fix the wires on the poles according to all the rules (PUE).

Each reinforced concrete support is installed in stages:

1. First you need to mark the selected territory.
2. Then, experts begin drilling pits under the pillars.
3. After that, you can begin the installation of supporting structures. For this, special equipment is used.
4. The last stage is the installation of electrical wires.

Territory selection and layout

For proper installation of concrete structures, it is necessary to adhere to safety rules. In particular, the marking of the selected territory involves the choice of the place of construction of supports and determining the distance directly between the pillars.

The calculations should take into account the estimated loads, as well as the features of a particular area and soil.  The markup should be done in such a way as to result in uniform illumination of the sections with each column. Specialists carry out the installation according to the installation technology. When marking, determine the number of concrete pillars and their location.

Drilling

After the marking is completed, specialists begin drilling, following the noted parameters and taking into account the features of the soil at the installation site. At this stage of the work, they use the technique, which is a drill placed on a special platform.

Installation of reinforced concrete pillars

Before starting work, it is necessary to double-check the supporting structures for the possible presence of cracks. Their vertical alignment is carried out using special levels and other means. For the construction of concrete pillars using a manipulator. A thick cement mortar is poured into each pit where the supporting structures were installed. To give the structures additional stability, specialists install supports made of reinforced concrete or metal.

Work control

When installing and installing supporting structures, you must carefully monitor the strict observance of the parameters:

1. Measurement of a pit intended for reinforced concrete supports. For reliable installation, the pit design must be deep.
2. The quality of the material of which the structure is made. If the reinforcement is visible and cannot be covered with concrete, the product will soon begin to fail.
3. Specialists must install metal spacers in the dug pit at the point where the pole is in contact with the ground. Zeta workers should cement the support structure with high quality cement mortar.
4. Specialists need to install structures in a strictly vertical position using a special plumb.

  The final stage is the laying of electrical wires.

After installation is complete, installation of metal structures for attaching insulators begins. In this case, clamps are used. There are also traverses that are not intended to transmit current. They are only needed to secure the electrical wires. Their size will depend on the number of wires that they have to hold.

To prevent possible corrosion of the traverses, it is necessary to cover them with a special tool that will ensure their protection. In addition, experts fasten the lid, which will protect them from the harmful effects of the environment. The laying is completed by the installation of electrical wires. In this case, workers need to consider that the above actions should be carried out by representatives of the organization that has the appropriate permission.

Conclusion

Work on the installation of reinforced concrete structures for power lines is a responsible and complex process involving the use of special equipment. If workers take into account the prescribed rules and safety precautions, they will be able to build a reliable and robust construction. Such a support will uninterruptedly transmit electricity for many years.

It is also important to remember that installation work must be carried out by employees of organizations with the appropriate approval.

Where can I install a pole for electricity in the country? What distances from the objects surrounding it should be adhered to? What should be the wires and insulators?

How much will it cost to connect the cottage to the power supply? Let's try to find the answers.

Our task is to find out how difficult it is to electrify a country house

Regulatory requirements

Let's start with the regulatory requirements. They are spelled out in the PUE - electrical installation rules. We have to study the latest, seventh edition of the document adopted by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation in 2003.

Please note: the adopted document has canceled the effect of older PUEs. The changes affect, among other things, the chapter on “Sewerage of electricity” that is relevant to us.

Let's pay attention to the most important points of the document in our case.

General requirements for lines up to 1 kV

• When suspending any exposed wires on poles, the distance from them to windows or balconies at a maximum deviation should not be less than 1.5 meters.
• Over the carriageway, wires are suspended at a height of at least 6 meters, over the roadway - at least 3.5 m.

  The height of the wires over the roadway and pedestrian walkways

• The distance between the wires when flying up to six meters should be at least 10 cm, when flying over 6 meters - at least 15 cm.
• Entrance to the building is carried out at a height of not less than 2.75 m; at the same time, an insulating pipe is used for input, the shape of which prevents water from entering the house.
• The structures on which the conductors are installed are made of non-combustible materials and must have a fire resistance limit of at least a quarter of an hour.

Comment: it would seem that this item puts an end to wooden poles. But ... no, the loophole remains: wood impregnated with a protective compound does not support combustion.

• The minimum distance from bare wires to the pipeline for any purpose is 1 meter. If the wire is insulated, the distance is not normalized.
• Insulators must be fireproof. Traditionally, porcelain and glass are used in this capacity.

  In the photo - porcelain insulators

Requirements for overhead lines with voltage up to 1 kV

Supports should not impede the passage and passage, block the entrances to the yards.

Where there is a likelihood of a car colliding, the support is protected from a collision with a bollard or in any other way.

The column should be marked at a height of 2.5 - 3 meters. It indicates the serial number of the support, the width of the security zone and the telephone number of the line owner.

All metal structures are protected against corrosion. The method of protection of the PUE is not specified; traditionally used for this painting.

The minimum wire section for the overhead line is limited by its mechanical strength and is determined by the material.

Curious: for a steel single-wire wire, the diameter is not limited to the cross-sectional area. It should not be less than 4 mm.

The branch from the nearest support is carried out exclusively and exclusively by an insulated wire. The maximum branch length is 25 meters.

To connect the wires, connection clamps or welding are used. Single-wire wires can be connected by twisting followed by soldering; but you can’t weld them butt. In this case, the wire, characterized by the material or the cross section of the current-carrying core, is connected only by clamps.

The minimum cross-section of the entrance to the house is also limited by the document; and in this case, the cross section is determined by the type of wire:

What should be the actual pillar?

For low-voltage lines, reinforced concrete, metal, solid wood and wooden columns with a concrete base can be used. All wood species, except larch, are necessarily impregnated with an antiseptic; larch wood itself is exceptionally resistant to decay.

  Wood is the most affordable material for a pillar.

When using a wooden support, its minimum diameter (at the upper end) should be:

• For the main power supply line - 14 cm;
• For a branch to the house (in particular, for a pole installed on a site) - 12 cm.

Regarding the deepening of the supports, the document is expressed somewhat vaguely - "depending on local conditions."

What should be minimum distance  from the pillar to the surrounding facilities and communications?

How to put a pole for electricity?

Is it difficult to put a pole of electricity on the site with your own hands?

Here is the simplest instruction for its manufacture from a bar with a section of 150 mm.

1. We process the bar with an antiseptic in two or three layers.
2. We assemble at one of the ends of the future column a cross approximately 2x2 meters in size. The cross itself is connected in half the tree; galvanized corners are used for fastening to the pole.
3. Four jibs are fixed between the column and the crosspiece, after which the entire underground part (about one and a half meters) is painted over with bitumen mastic.
4. A cruciform pit comes off under the support, into which the column is easy to install together using a rope tied to its top. It remains only to align it with a plumb line, bury the base and compact the soil.

Comments:

• The advantage of reinforced concrete supports (power lines)

Concrete electric poles are an integral part of the life of a modern civilized society.

Electric poles: what they are made of, installation rules, operating time

It is impossible to imagine the modern life of people in large industrial centers, in megacities and in the most "seedy" village without concrete electric poles. Humanity has not yet come up with another way to supply electricity from transformer substations to those areas where people live, as soon as on wooden or concrete poles.

Electric poles for supplying energy from transformers to consumers are made of two types: wooden and reinforced concrete. In the Soviet Union, wooden poles for electricity were installed during electrification, because reinforced concrete had not yet been invented. Nowadays, there is a widespread replacement of old wooden posts for electricity with reinforced concrete products, even in those places where there are no problems with the forest.

Wooden poles for electricity are used in places where it is very expensive to deliver reinforced concrete or there is no way: taiga, areas of the Far North, etc.

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Advantages of reinforced concrete electric poles and their manufacture

Poles for electricity, having a concrete base, have several advantages:

• high resistance to temperature extremes (from -55 to + 55 ° C) and environmental influences (hurricanes, precipitation);
• high resistance to aggressive environments and external influences;
• fire safety;
• the possibility of endless manufacturing;
• low cost and, as a consequence, the price of products;
• the possibility of long-term operation of the product (more than 50 years);
• ease of installation and maintenance.

The manufacturing technology of reinforced concrete pillars is simple and does not require qualified personnel and high-precision modern equipment.

A wire mesh is welded from iron reinforcement of a certain diameter according to TU or GOST. This iron frame "frame" is placed in the mold and poured with concrete mortar of a certain consistency (cement / sand / water / any additives). Concrete hardens and after some time the mold is taken apart, and the finished product "in the air" finally acquires its performance characteristics: strength, resistance to various aggressive environments, ignoring corrosion processes.

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Installation of reinforced concrete electric poles

No installation organizations and individuals have the right to install reinforced concrete electric poles on the territory adjacent to their land plots, how and where they want. At first glance, installing a reinforced concrete electric pole is easy and simple, but only an amateur can have such an opinion, because the production of such works requires professional knowledge.

You need to know at what depth the product should be mounted, how many meters should be to the nearest pillar, from which the wires will stretch.

The installation of electricity poles requires coordination with state specialized organizations. To begin with, it is necessary to draw up design estimates for the production of this type of work and coordinate it in state regulatory authorities. And only after obtaining permission to carry out specific works, it is possible to begin installing reinforced concrete electric poles.

If you have money, the best option would be to contact a law firm, which will save you from having to deal with Russian bureaucrats for a certain amount. If you think that you will not pay for what they are obliged to do, please be patient and calm.

Information for those who decide for their own needs to independently install a reinforced concrete electric pole.

Basic knowledge that 100% must be observed when installing reinforced concrete poles for electricity:

Pits under the lighting poles are made with a special earth drill.

1. Before installing the column in the pit, check for chips and other damage. If iron reinforcement is exposed on the product, repair the damage with a concrete solution.
2. The depth of the pit for installing electricity poles should be at least 2 m;
3. Insert a reinforced concrete pillar and plumb to check its vertical position. Concrete columns are required to stand strictly upright.
4. In the place of contact of the pillar with the ground, it is necessary to install metal reinforcing struts.
5. Fill the pit with high-quality concrete mortar and allow it to harden before the installation of electrical wires.

When carrying out installation work, it is necessary to take into account the local “wind rose”.

It seems to be not very difficult rules that everyone must follow in order to install concrete poles. But just think about the fact that you need to dig a hole 2.2 meters deep, even in soft ground!

Therefore, there is a faster way to install a reinforced concrete pole for electricity - to hire a specialized organization.

Of course, now it’s impossible to take and just entrust such a crucial matter as installing an electric reinforced concrete pillar, even a specialized organization. The customer or his authorized representative will be required to be present during all works - from earth and concrete, to the installation of wires.

Otherwise, the customer runs the risk of seeing after a while the small “Leaning Tower of Pisa” under his window. Such a "sight" is not only and not so much aesthetically pleasing, but also threatens with power outages in the house.

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What to control the customer when the work is performed by hired professionals

When performing the necessary work, it is necessary to control the following parameters:

1. Depth of the pit for the installation of a reinforced concrete pillar. Elementary logic: the deeper the pit, the stronger the structure will stand.
2. The quality of the installed post. If the reinforcement becomes visible and it is impossible to close it with cement mortar, the product will very quickly begin to deteriorate. That is, when the pillar “collapses”, it is only a matter of time.
3. In order for the workers to install metal spacers in the pit in the place where the column contacts the ground and cement the structure with a quality mortar, as it should be.
4. So that specialists using a plumb line installed an electric pole strictly vertically.

Subject to these mandatory actions, the customer can be sure that the reinforced concrete electric pole will serve him the due time.

The installation of additional electric posts may be needed in the private sector, especially if the wooden poles have become unusable. You probably noticed the rotting and rickety poles of wood, from which power lines pass? Previously, only such were mounted, but after the end of their service life, old samples should be replaced with new ones.

Today, factories produce reinforced concrete and metal structures, and all because they are more durable, stable and reliable, they are not afraid of temperature changes, insects and rainfall. Unfortunately, products for electricity are not cheap, so the installation of supports made of metal or reinforced concrete is affordable for organizations that are funded by the state.

With your own hands you can put wooden poles, in villages and villages still are used precisely such poles for electricity.

Instructions for installing electricity poles

Before starting the installation process, it is necessary to study the features of the terrain, which can significantly affect the quality and duration of the use of electricity poles. So, pay attention to factors:

• natural landscape - on which site is installation, for example, in a lowland;
• optimal pitch between supports.

The installation guide for electricity poles is as follows:

1. Mark the ground. Use pegs and twine for this. The distance between the supports should be approximately the same.
2. Now you need to drill a well of great depth, so you can not do without special equipment. Crane transport comes to the aid of builders.
3. While one part of the brigade is working on machines, the second part can, without wasting time, engage in other earthworks. Armed with a manual punch, workers dig holes, laying the diameter in accordance with the type of hand drill. An ideal improvised tool will be a gas drill for drilling holes, installing poles with its use takes much less time, especially since the process can be done on your own.
4. Further, the finished supports are fixed using the manipulator of a drilling machine or crane.
5. Specialists carry out a vertical verification.
6. The pillars are stably fixed in the pits, and the bases are firmly fixed.
7. It remains to mount the power line traverses on the electric poles and lay the wires through which the current will flow into the houses, the street, etc., depending on the purpose of laying the mains.

Rules for installing electricity poles

It may seem to the layman that the pits for the posts have the same depth, but this is not so, because each recess depends on the following factors:

• line view;
• nature of the earth, soil composition;
• digging options.

The depth of the pit is laid taking into account the eversion of poles under electricity - the tipping of poles should not occur even in a natural disaster. There are also intermediate and main pillars - pits for the first digging self-propelled drilling equipment, where there is a crane for fixing poles in the soil.

Where the track is characterized by poor cross-country ability, the pit is achieved by manual digging. It is important to observe the period between fixing the pit and installing the support - no more than 1 day.

As for the equipment, during installation, you can not do without the following equipment:

• jib cranes;
• cranes, with the help of which the installation of supports of the type of waterline;
• tractor.

If the pit has a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the rack becomes a reference point - the first indicator cannot exceed the second by more than 25%. If the difference increases, then the upper crossbar is installed. Crossbars on intermediate columns are placed along the VL axis.

It is impossible to lift and immediately secure the crane with self-supporting poles, so that the supports do not fall, the workers securely fasten the base with temporary braces, and then place the upper and lower crossbars. The final fasteners are carried out using the method of backfilling with soil, when the adjustment has already been made by filling in the sinuses of the earth with a layer-by-layer compaction.

Whether the verticality of the poles for electricity, the voltage at which is 10 kV, is taken into account, is checked with a plumb. If the voltage is increased to 35 kV, theodolite is used. So that the traverses do not rust over time, it is advisable to walk through the material with a bituminous lacquer composition.

The insulation is installed with plastic caps, in fact, the procedure looks like this:

1. The caps should be heated in water to 80-90 degrees Celsius.
2. Heated caps are sequentially mounted on the pin, easily striking with a hammer made of wood.
3. The outer surface of the tip is a thread onto which the insulator is screwed.

Who should be involved in the arrangement of poles

You already understood that it is problematic to install poles under electricity with your own hands - this requires equipment and special knowledge. Therefore, if it becomes necessary to equip the pillars, you can leave a request in the nearest department of RES. Privately, certain firms also perform such work, but this requires permission.

Before you use the help of private company employees, read reviews on the Internet, see how many facilities the company has already equipped. If everything is in order, it is advisable to conclude an agreement on the provision of services and responsibility of each party to the contract.

How to mount power lines

The technological procedure for the installation of power lines (power lines) is made by the same company that you hired. It consists of several stages:

1. Preparatory. The task of specialists is to familiarize themselves with the section of the route, to outline it, to dig pits under the poles and bring the necessary premises.
2. Main. Includes installation of poles for electricity, fixing insulators, pulling wires and cables.

Pillar cost

Many are interested in how much the purchase of supports will cost. Prices vary in different limits and depend on the size of the pillars, the material used and its quality:

1. Reinforced concrete plants cost from $ 330 (in Stavropol) to $ 475 (in a joint venture for 1 section).
2. Metal are cheaper - from $ 58 to $ 105 per 1 piece.
3. Wooden ones are not in demand in the city, which cannot be said about villages - the cave age still reigns here. 26 dollars per rack save money on the rural budget.

In any case, no matter how reliable the supports are, it is important to fix them not only in the reinforced concrete foundation, but also in the soil - this is the correct installation, which will extend the service life to the maximum possible.