If we speak an accessible language that is not oversaturated with incomprehensible medical terminology, then hypoxia is oxygen starvation, sometimes leading to serious consequences.

Hypoxia is oxygen starvation

Types of Hypoxia

There are several types of this fairly common disease:

• hypoxic (this type of disease occurs in those people who climb mountains. The higher the mountain, the greater the likelihood of developing hypoxic symptoms);
• hemic (manifested in cases when it falls oxygen capacity  blood, as a result - hemic hypoxia occurs);
• respiratory (appears when pathological processes are present that negatively affect the respiratory system);
• circulatory (its cause is circulatory failure);
• tissue (occurs when there is a decrease in the activity of enzymes that are responsible for respiration);
• mixed (these are various combinations of types of hypoxia, since hypoxia is rare in any one pure form);
• myocardial hypoxia is oxygen starvation of the heart muscle - the myocardium, which may in the future lead to an even more formidable condition - ischemia.

Further we will learn more about hypoxia and get acquainted in more detail with those species that are most common, and also find out what causes this far from harmless disease. In addition, we determine what symptoms can be considered an alarm, and most importantly - how to treat hypoxia in young children and adults.

Hypoxia in pregnant women and newborns

Hypoxia in pregnant women is a very common occurrence.

If you are planning a pregnancy or, moreover, are in an interesting position, then you should learn as much as possible about the pitfalls that may appear on the way to happy motherhood. After all, it’s not for nothing that they say: “forewarned — it means armed.”

We sincerely hope that such an unpleasant phenomenon as fetal hypoxia will not affect you. Well, if such an unforeseen situation has already happened and this diagnosis has sounded from the lips of the doctor, do not despair. To get started, read this article to learn more about what the symptoms of fetal hypoxia are hidden behind the words and what are their consequences for the baby.

Hypoxia during pregnancy is a fairly frequent phenomenon, and every year the number of women who experience this disease only increases. By hypoxia of the fetus is meant the processes due to which pathologies begin to appear in the body of a child in the womb. Such processes arise due to insufficient oxygen supply to the fetal organs. But because of such changes, not only the child suffers, but also the mother, since they are a single whole, and everything that is bad for the mother is harmful for the baby. Therefore, it is worth making a small clarification: hypoxia is the result of various disorders in the mother’s body, which, accordingly, leads to various disorders in the child’s body.

Hypoxia during pregnancy is a very alarming bell, especially if it has been observed during all or almost all trimesters of pregnancy. In such cases, hypoxia is called chronic fetal hypoxia. As a result of chronic hypoxia, irreversible pathological processes in organs can begin in the fetus. Therefore, do not take this problem lightly, do not ignore this disease, relying on the fact that everything will pass by itself. It can pass on its own, but time will be lost, and it is not known what problems will arise in the future.

Causes and signs

The consequences of hypoxia can affect the further development of the child

Of the causes of hypoxia, there are:

The effects of hypoxia

The consequences of hypoxia for the fetus are very deplorable - a lack of oxygen leads to the fact that all the organs of the fetus are laid incorrectly, which is why their underdevelopment is observed. In a child with a high degree of probability, in the prenatal period, malformations appear that can lead to spontaneous miscarriage. As you can see, intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus is far from harmless.

If we talk about the consequences of hypoxia in newborns, then the situation is not happy at all: the baby can be born, firstly, much earlier than the established deadline, which means that the baby will be premature. Secondly, the baby can be born already initially with problems in the development of organs. In the worst case, organ damage resulting from hypoxia may be incompatible with life.

Prevention and treatment of fetal hypoxia

A healthy lifestyle and frequent walks during pregnancy are the best prevention of hypoxia.

In order for a child to be born healthy and hypoxia passed, it is necessary first of all to lead a healthy lifestyle. What is meant by this? For starters, you should give up smoking and alcohol. Secondly, you need to fully eat and breathe fresh air as often as possible. If the future mother has the opportunity to spend some time outside the city, this is very good.

Clean air, nature, birdsong, silence - all this perfectly affects both the mother’s body and the baby’s body, saturating its organs with the necessary amount of oxygen. As you can see, prevention of fetal hypoxia is quite simple. All that is needed is positive emotions, the right lifestyle and regular walks in nature. The importance of the absence of stress should be understood by the relatives of the future mother, so as not to worry her over trifles.

As for the treatment of fetal hypoxia, everything is much more complicated, because in this case the disease is easier to prevent than to treat it. The first thing to do is to diagnose and establish the causes that led to this disease. In mild cases, it is enough to simply adjust the lifestyle of a pregnant woman, prescribe special vitamin preparations.

If hypoxia was raging in earnest, then here it is necessary to fulfill all the doctor's prescriptions, take the pills prescribed by the doctor, and most importantly - do not be nervous! The emotional background of a pregnant woman affects the baby very much, and can aggravate the disease even more.

Brain hypoxia

First of all, the brain suffers from hypoxia, because it reacts very sensitively to oxygen starvation, especially if it lasts long enough. Hypoxia of the brain can occur in both children and adults. Why it happens? If we talk about children, then, as was said above, hypoxia in them manifests itself even in the prenatal period.

It is quite common that a child can earn hypoxia during childbirth, if he is for a long time without normal access of oxygen. As a consequence of this disease, children have a tendency to develop such ailments as encephalopathy, epilepsy and other diseases.

If we talk about adults, then here it is clear - without oxygen in any way. Rather, without enough oxygen. Why does brain hypoxia occur in adults?

Let's try to name the main causes (there are two types of causes - endogenous and exogenous):

- stay in a room that has not been aired for a long period;

- inhalation of toxic substances. Often this does not happen on purpose, for example, by workers at various chemical plants, because even when observing safety standards, harmful fumes are often nevertheless released, albeit in small quantities. It is the lack of good ventilation plus harmful fumes that leads to the appearance of symptoms of hypoxia over time;

- Very often there is hypoxia among climbers when they climb the next peak. This is explained by the fact that the higher you go up, the less air is saturated with oxygen, and this causes unpleasant symptoms that are characteristic of hypoxia;

- unhealthy lifestyle: drinking alcohol, smoking, drug addiction become the causes of the development of the disease;
  - drugs that are not taken according to the instructions can also cause hypoxia;
  - diseases such as stroke, heart and lung failure also lead to hypoxia;
  - anemia;
  - spasms of blood vessels that cause circulatory disorders.

Hypoxia often appears in climbers

Symptoms of brain hypoxia.  Now a few words about the symptoms that indicate hypoxia in adults:

- excessive drowsiness, when even after waking up a person feels sleepy and broken;
  - fast fatiguability;
  - attention is noticeably impaired, it is difficult to concentrate on one thing;
  - coordination of movements is fuzzy, in a person with hypoxia, there may be unevenness in movements;
  - the headache is pulsating in nature, in most cases it is localized in the frontal part;
- the skin of a person with hypoxia is pale, becomes unhealthy;
  - tachycardia;
  - breathing too often.

Of course, the presence of these symptoms is not a guarantee that a person will necessarily find hypoxia, but if you observe all or several symptoms at home, this is a good reason to consult a doctor and undergo a diagnosis. In most cases, after examination and clarification of the causes of the onset of the disease, the doctor will suggest adjusting the lifestyle to get rid of hypoxia. But there are times when you need to undergo serious treatment to feel good again and protect yourself from irreversible changes in the body.

Tissue and hemic hypoxia

There is also such a thing as tissue hypoxia. This type of disease can occur in the fetus, and in children, and in adults. Tissue hypoxia is much less common than brain hypoxia, but nevertheless, many people suffer from this disease. The disease is manifested by oxygen starvation of cells, which can be expressed in membrane damage, vitamin deficiency and a number of other factors. Poisons of cyanides, or rather, poisoning with these poisons and lead to tissue hypoxia.

Hemic hypoxia is another type of hypoxia that can significantly reduce the quality of life. This type of hypoxia is also called blood hypoxia, since there is a decrease in oxygen transport through the blood. If hemic hypoxia is diagnosed, then anemia will be its companion, there is a direct relationship between these diseases.

One of the causes of blood hypoxia is carbon monoxide poisoning. In case of mild poisoning, it is enough to simply transfer the person to fresh air, and over time the symptoms of hypoxia will disappear. If anemia becomes the culprit of the onset of the disease, then here you will have to use drugs that can increase the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin and thereby relieve the disease.

Alternative methods of treating the disease

Warty birch sap will help overcome the disease

Traditional medicine has been used since ancient times, because even in ancient times, people knew ways to help overcome the disease. Of course, in many cases you can’t do without medications, but folk remedies should not be written off. Plants such as woodlice, warty birch have proven themselves well in the fight against hypoxia. There are many different recipes that tell you how to brew these herbs in order to achieve the desired effect. You just need to choose which one you find most convenient.

Take a thermos, pour wood lice in it (the grass must be dried) - 1 tbsp. spoon, pour boiling water, then insist 8-10 hours. An infusion of grass is taken before meals, no more than four times a day. The maximum dose at a time is 50 grams. Warty birch sap should be taken every day as much as you want. But not more than one liter.

Before starting treatment folk remedies, be sure to check if you are allergic to these herbs. It is also advisable to consult your doctor, and only if he approves your choice, proceed with the chosen type of treatment.

As for pregnant women, a lot of herbs are contraindicated for them, since some plants have abortive properties. Given this fact, herbal medicine in pregnant women is in many cases contraindicated or, if allowed, should be carried out under the constant supervision of the attending physician.

Hypoxia Prevention

Any kind of hypoxia develops when oxygen is supplied to the body insufficiently.

- more often to be in the fresh air;
  - ventilate the premises as often as possible;
  - consume more vitamins or take vitamin complexes prescribed by your doctor;
  - and for pregnant women, advice is less nervous.

It seems that everything is so simple, but why then so many people get hypoxia? This is because, more often than not, few people pay attention to such trifles. Most modern urban residents lead a sedentary lifestyle: home - car - work - car - home, which minimizes the time spent in the fresh air. The effects of hypoxia are very serious, especially for the fetus or for newborns. So take care of yourself, take care of your kids, and let all ailments bypass you!

Video

The respiratory system provides the body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. The ratio of these components in the blood should be such that the body functions at the proper level. Various fluctuations, then down or up one of the indicators lead to different symptoms. One such condition is hypoxia.

What is hypoxia?

What is hypoxia (anoxia, hypoxemia)? This is a condition of the body in which in some areas or in general there is a lack of oxygen in the tissues or a violation of its utilization due to oxidation.

According to the rate of development, hypoxia is shared:

1. Lightning fast - develops in seconds;
2. Acute - develops in minutes;
3. Subacute;
4. Chronic - develops for months or years.

Causes of hypoxia

The causes of hypoxia are multiple factors:

• Painful condition of the body (disease);
• Breath holding;
• Low level of oxygen in the air;
• Gravity overload;
• High temperature of the atmosphere;
• The mental state of a person.

According to etiology, the following types are divided:

1. Exogenous (hypoxic) - observed at low atmospheric pressure (when rising to a height) or indoors;
2. Respiratory (respiratory) - observed with various violations of oxygen patency through the respiratory canals;
3. Blood (hemic) - observed with anemia or inactivation of hemoglobin by oxidizing agents or carbon monoxide;
4. Circulatory (cardiac) - observed as a result of a violation of normal blood circulation. It happens local (local disturbances) or general (disturbance as a whole, in which oxygen is not supplied to various degrees in tissues and organs);
5. Tissue (histotoxic) - observed in violation of tissue functions to take oxygen;
6. Overload - observed with excessive loads on muscles or organs;
7. Mixed - detection of a tissue component during prolonged hypoxia or a mixture of two or more types.

Symptoms of Hypoxia

Symptoms of hypoxia depend on the extent of oxygen starvation within the body. Common signs are considered:

1. Oxygen deficiency, which often leads to complications and disorders of organ tissues;
2. Dizziness;
3. Feeling of euphoria;
4. Low muscle tone.

Often, signs of hypoxia are observed in people of large cities who live in a polluted atmosphere, in a regime of constant performance and are exposed to various chemicals and electronic irritants.

In the acute form of hypoxia, signs similar to alcohol intoxication are observed:

• Dizziness;
• Impaired coordination;
• Euphoria, replaced by a depressive state;
• Headache;
• Prostration;
• Loss of consciousness.

In chronic hypoxia, which often develops on hills and in a discharged atmosphere, the following symptoms are distinguished:

• Drowsiness;
• Distraction;
• Depression;
• Irritability;
• Memory disorder;
• Restless sleep with nightmares;
• Mental and physical fatigue;
• Dyspnea;
• Cyanosis of the skin;
• Tachycardia.

Diagnosis of hypoxia

The main diagnosis of hypoxia is a general examination of the patient and analysis of the composition of his blood. First of all, the oxygen level is found out, and then the reasons for its absence in normal quantities are already searched.

Hypoxia treatment

The main methods of treating hypoxia are medications: antioxidants and antihypoxants. They contribute to the "economical" consumption of oxygen by tissues, better utilization and reduction of hypoxia. Plants with antihypoxic properties are also used. Pharmacological antihypoxants are often used in acute hypoxia, and in plants of chronic origin.

Various instrumental methods of introducing oxygen into the body (oxygen therapy with diacarb, oxygen therapy) and increasing blood pressure are used. Red blood cell transfusion is also used.

As a preventive measure, you should undergo a constant examination by a doctor, and also avoid those places where hypoxia occurs. It is necessary to follow a carbohydrate diet and consume vitamins, timely treat diseases of the respiratory and other systems.

Life Expectancy for Hypoxia

How many people live with hypoxia? It all depends on the body of an individual person. Modern methods of treatment easily remove this syndrome. Life expectancy with hypoxia depends on the condition of the body, its internal reserves and "deterioration." If the body is not able to compensate for the lack of oxygen, then it dies. This can happen both during the day and in a few years.

The prognosis of life is significantly worsened by the fact that oxygen starvation provokes the development of disorders in various body systems. And they, in turn, will lead to the development of other diseases that can be fatal. This makes hypoxia a dangerous syndrome that should be continuously treated in cases of periodic occurrence.

Hypoxia: intrauterine, during childbirth and chronic - causes, signs, consequences, treatment

The term "hypoxia" means an abnormal state of an organ that develops when the enrichment of body tissues and cells with oxygen stops, as well as with adverse factors in which oxygen is not absorbed by the tissues. Hypoxia of the brain is a whole chain of circumstances and responses of the body that occurs when the incoming volume of oxygen does not match the needs of the brain cells in it, leading to oxygen starvation of the brain. A state of hypoxia occurs in adults as well as children; an unborn baby is also capable of experiencing a lack of oxygen.

Hypoxia of the fetus and newborn

Fetal hypoxia is a very dangerous condition, the reasons for which it develops may be different, but it always leads to serious consequences, which are directly dependent on the time of its occurrence. At the initial stage of pregnancy, this can cause a slowdown in the development and pathology of the fetus, in the later stages it can cause significant disorders in the central nervous system. With placental abruption, acute hypoxia develops, from which the baby can die. Intrauterine hypoxia also leads to delays in the development of the fetus, to difficulties in adapting the child in the postpartum period and to various neurological disorders: restless sleep, poor appetite, moods, and convulsions.

These complications are caused by the fact that the body of an unborn child with hypoxia triggers the action of mechanisms aimed at increased blood supply to vital organs - the heart, adrenal glands, brain tissues, and in the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, lungs, and skin integument, blood flow strength decreases. Therefore, a child with a diagnosis of "Intrauterine hypoxia" may be born with possible impaired functions of these organs. This is manifested in the form of respiratory disorders, fluid retention, frequent spitting up. The next stage, which is characterized by the appearance of signs of oxygen starvation and nervous exhaustion, occurs if oxygen starvation occurs for a long time. In this condition, the heart rate slows down, the tone of the blood vessels decreases, the tissues of the body swell, the brain suffers, nerve cells die, other vital organs are unable to perform their functions, and thereafter there is a danger to the life of the child. During the gestation period, the fetus receives through the placenta all the substances necessary for maintaining vital activity and microelements through it, oxygen enters from the mother’s blood into the fetal tissue. If a pregnant woman suffers from a lack of nutrients, the fetus will also experience inconvenience.

Video: about fetal hypoxia

Causes and classification of hypoxia

Fetal hypoxia varies in its characteristics, severity of manifestations, the mechanism of its development and the extent of exposure. There are three main types of hypoxia:

1. Acute hypoxia can occur with complicated delivery;
2. Subacute develops 1-2 days before the birth process;
3. Chronic hypoxia progresses during the period of bearing a child gradually over a long period of time.

This condition can provoke some systemic diseases of a pregnant woman, to which the following reasons can be attributed:

• Iron deficiency, with it, the transportation of oxygen cells to the tissues of the body is disrupted;
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system, causing, in particular, deterioration of the blood supply to the fetus;
• Pathologies of internal organs (pyelonephritis, diseases of the urinary system);
• Chronic respiratory diseases, such as bronchial asthma, asthma bronchitis;
• Abnormalities in the endocrine system - diabetes.

Of great importance in the development of chronic child hypoxia are   bad habits of the expectant mother . In no case should a pregnant woman drink alcohol or smoke. All toxins, as well as beneficial substances, enter the baby’s bloodstream and cause negative consequences.

Other good reasons for the development of child hypoxia may be possible abnormalities in the development of the placenta, overeating during pregnancy or an increased uterine tone, other deviations from the normal natural child bearing algorithm, the most frequent and dangerous factor for acute intrauterine hypoxia may be premature detachment of the normally located placenta. Hypoxia of the fetus can cause infection of the fetus in the womb, defects in its development, incompatibility of the fetal blood with the blood of the mother - this condition causes it, it is equally dangerous for the unborn baby and the woman herself. In severe childbirth, hypoxia of the brain of the newborn can occur, caused by a mechanical factor - prolonged squeezing of the head in the birth canal, entanglement around the neck of the umbilical cord, as well as mucus and amniotic fluid in the respiratory tract. This complication of childbirth is called asphyxia and requires resuscitation. The combination of acute and chronic forms of hypoxia is the most unfavorable in predicting the development of complications in a baby at birth.

How is intrauterine hypoxia determined?

The first symptom of fetal hypoxia is the child’s active movements.With this, the baby reflexively tries to increase blood supply, increase blood flow. Initially, a woman notes strong and sharp points, rapid movement, it can cause her discomfort and even cause pain. If fetal hypoxia intensifies, its tremors gradually weaken, may disappear altogether. This sign should alert the woman, make her understand that not everything is in order with the baby. In the antenatal clinic, when pregnancy is more than 28 weeks, it is recommended to keep track of fetal activity.

The norm is when a child stirs at least 10 times in 12 hours, if there are fewer of them, you need to urgently seek medical help.

When determining intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus, obstetricians use complex methods designed to assess the condition of the fetus. These methods include listening to fetal heart sounds using an obstetric device - a stethoscope. The doctor assesses the frequency of heart contractions, their tone, rhythm, extraneous noise. But this method cannot be accurate enough, therefore, at the slightest suspicion of hypoxia, cardiotocography should be additionally applied using a special ultrasonic sensor, in this study, the indicators are recorded on paper and the doctor gets the opportunity to analyze the fetal heart rate in different parameters. Another method that allows you to explore to determine deviations in the bloodstream between a woman and the fetus is called. Here, blood circulation is evaluated in all parts of the fetal blood supply chain, the severity of hypoxia and the prognosis for pregnancy depend on the nature of the changes. In addition to the described manipulations, the fetal ECG also provides information on his state of health, and laboratory tests of the mother’s blood are used for the biochemical composition and level of pregnancy hormones.

In addition, if intrauterine hypoxia is suspected, the amniotic fluid is analyzed for the presence of meconium - primordial feces. Lack of O 2 provokes relaxation of the muscles of the rectum of the baby and meconium goes into the amniotic fluid. This method of diagnosis is especially important with increasing labor, the whole tactics of the birth process will depend on its results.

Treatment and prevention of intrauterine form

If the doctor suggests intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus, the woman is sent to the hospital for additional examinations and necessary therapy. When the condition of the fetus allows it, treatment at home under the supervision of a doctor is possible. A prerequisite for the treatment of hypoxia is the complete rest of a woman. Treatment with intrauterine hypoxia should be aimed at ensuring normal blood supply to the fetus, will depend on the cause of hypoxia and the degree of pathology detected. In most cases, the expectant mother is prescribed strict bed rest, prescribed drugs that reduce blood viscosity, improve blood supply to the placenta and normalize the metabolism between the mother and the fetus, the preferred position in bed is on the left side. If during the course of the treatment no positive changes are noted, and fetal hypoxia continues to increase, obstetricians may decide to undergo a caesarean section when the period exceeds 28 weeks of pregnancy. To prevent such complications, the expectant mother should give up bad habits, spend more time in the fresh air, not overwork, lead a healthy lifestyle. Great importance should be attached to the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, as one of the main causes of fetal hypoxia. A full balanced diet, early registration in a antenatal clinic and timely visits to a doctor will play a huge role in the prevention of fetal hypoxia and its complications. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with Chronic intrauterine hypoxia, a mandatory cardiomotor monitoring of the fetus is performed during childbirth in order to minimize negative consequences for the baby.

How is hypoxia treated in already born children?

Immediately after birth, the Apgar scale is used to assess the health of the child, according to which the state of the skin, reflex excitability and muscle tone are assessed. Normally, the indicator should be from eight to ten points, an assessment below five points means hypoxia, the less points are assigned, the worse the condition of the child.

Apgar scale criteria table:

(click increase)

With severe hypoxia, the child is pale, muscle tone is reduced, convulsive syndrome, abnormalities in the functioning of the internal organs, possibly up to serious CNS disorders with the formation of blood clots, are possible. At birth, a child with suspected hypoxia should immediately receive medical care aimed at relieving oxygen starvation: the airways are freed from liquid and mucus, warm the baby, and if necessary, resuscitation is taken to improve to a condition that does not pose a threat to life. After stabilization of the baby’s condition, they are placed in a pressure chamber, nutrient solutions are administered, and therapy aimed at relieving the manifestations of hypoxia is carried out. After the first hypoxia, the baby is restless, easily excitable, his muscle tone is increased, which is manifested in involuntary twitches of the arms, legs, chin, are possible. In other cases, lethargy, reluctance to take a chest is possible, he is worried about frequent spitting up. The older the baby becomes, the more these manifestations become less noticeable, however, at 5-6 months, the return of the initial symptoms is possible: convulsions may occur again, muscle tone may increase. This period can last several months or several years, it will depend on the degree of damage to the brain of the baby and its ability to recover. The consequences of fetal and newborn brain hypoxia are very serious, up to the death of the baby, therefore, it is very important to identify this condition in time and take measures to prevent complications in the child’s health in the future.

Activities to restore a child’s health

Further a baby undergoing intrauterine hypoxia should be constantly registered with a neurologistso that the doctor has the opportunity to notice pathologies in physical and mental development on time and prescribe the necessary therapy, since a state of prolonged oxygen starvation can cause various deviations and lags in the development of the baby. To avoid this, you will need to regularly evaluate his health and conduct appropriate treatment if necessary. To help the newborn baby cope with the effects of hypoxia, parents must ensure a calm atmosphere at home, comfortable temperature condition, protect from overheating and hypothermia. It is not necessary to swaddle a baby tightly, you need to give him the opportunity to move more. A big plus is breastfeeding, warm baths with soothing herbs, special massage and gymnastics, which a mother should teach her to use. This should be done daily for 2-3 years.

  In complex cases of the course of the disease, as prescribed by the pediatrician, massage should be performed by a specialist who has the skills to treat diseases of the nervous system. It is with the help of massage that you can help restore the nervous system and overcome delays in the development of the child. Reflexotherapy has an intense effect on the central nervous system; it is also used as prescribed by a doctor if hypoxia caused significant impairments in the development of the child. There are various methods of reflexology: acupuncture, laser treatment, etc. If indicated, it is advisable to consult an osteopathic doctor, discuss with him the feasibility of osteopathic treatment. Physiotherapy exercises can also help overcome the consequences of intrauterine hypoxia, this becomes relevant when the development of motor skills is delayed. It should be carried out by a specialist who owns these skills. If there are delays in speech development, you need to contact a speech therapist. All of the above activities should be carried out in a strict system, with a certain sequence and under the obligatory supervision of a physician who is able to track the dynamics of the mental and physical development of the child. Self-medication is absolutely unacceptable!With the correct and responsible approach to treatment, in most cases it is possible to overcome the negative residual effects of hypoxia and return the child's condition to normal levels.

The prognosis and consequences of hypoxia in children

With proper treatment, during the first year of life, the child's health should return to normal, but in some cases, the effects of hypoxia may occur after a fairly long period of time. Children may have a delay in speech development, inability to concentrate, restlessness, constant headaches. In the most complex cases, it is possible to develop progressive lesions of the central nervous system, such as significant impairment of hearing, attention, as well as persistent disorders of the central nervous system, such as epilepsy, other cerebrovascular disorders, including (in rare cases), cerebral venous.

Consequences of hypoxia: stroke (left) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (right) in a newborn

Hypoxia in adults: causes and consequences

Not only newborn children can suffer from hypoxia, adults also experience oxygen starvation, the causes of which may be different. As a rule, this condition is caused by chronic diseases.

Hypoxia in adults also leads to disorders in the functioning of the central nervous system, chronic fatigue syndrome, decreased immunity, sleep disturbances, and general deterioration of health. Various methods are used to treat hypoxia in adults. first of all, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease that caused it.

Video: workshop on chronic hypoxia

Chronic Fatigue Oxygen Shake

The use of oxygen shakes can help cope with the effects of hypoxia and improve the quality of life. This invention allows you to restore strength during overwork, saturate the cells with oxygen, improve metabolism, increase concentration, attention and reaction, and also has many more positive qualities. An oxygen cocktail is a thick foam that is completely filled with oxygen molecules. It is prepared on juices, fruit drinks, syrups and enriched with oxygen using special devices, oxygen concentrators. For a long time, oxygen cocktails were available only in medical institutions, but recently compact oxygen cans have been on sale, this allows you to prepare a healthy drink at home. Chronic oxygen deficiency of the brain in adults also leads to negative consequences, the destruction of nerve endings and. In order to prevent this and preserve the quality of life, you should be observed by doctors, monitor your well-being and systematically treat chronic diseases. Delaying the onset of old age and maintaining vigor for many years is quite within the power of all who sincerely desire it. To do this, you need very little - to lead a healthy lifestyle, spend more time in the fresh air, relax and value yourself and your health.

Video: prevention of hypoxia

The term hypoxia refers to the pathological condition of the body due to its oxygen starvation in general or of individual tissues and organs.

Hypoxia can develop with insufficient oxygen in the blood, with a lack of oxygen in the environment, or with biochemical disturbances in the process of tissue respiration.

The adaptation of the body to hypoxia in each person is purely individual and therefore oxygen starvation in patients causes various complications, depending on the state of health of individual organs and the whole organism.

Acute and chronic forms of hypoxia

Hypoxia can occur both in acute and in chronic form.

The acute form of hypoxia often has a short-term nature and usually occurs with high physical activity. This type of hypoxia is observed during fitness classes or long runs. The resulting oxygen starvation quickly passes, because the mobilization of a healthy body includes mechanisms for adapting the body to hypoxia.

An acute form of hypoxia can develop during a stay in a stuffy room. Typical signs of hypoxia in this case are drowsiness, lethargy, decreased concentration, yawning. All this takes place when fresh air enters or leaves the room.

But quite often, acute hypoxia is caused by pathological processes in the body. This form may be a consequence of heart failure, pulmonary edema, carbon monoxide poisoning, or airway obstruction.

Acute hypoxia can pass very quickly, but can occur within a few days.

Chronic hypoxia is often observed in diseases of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system.

The severity of chronic hypoxia depends on the location of the organ suffering from hypoxia, the duration and type of pathology, the characteristics of the body and metabolic processes in it.

Chronic hypoxia is dangerous because it reduces the ability of tissues to absorb oxygen. Thus, a person's chances of recovery are reduced.

This applies to both general and local disease, in which only a certain part of the body is affected. This applies to atherosclerosis, the development of blood clots, embolism, tumors and edema.

Chronic hypoxia can develop and last from several weeks to several months.

Adaptation to hypoxia

When oxygen starvation occurs in the body, a protective mechanism wakes up working in the direction of eliminating or reducing the severity of hypoxia.

These processes appear already in the very early stage of hypoxia. Such adaptive mechanisms are called emergency. If the disease goes into a chronic stage, the process of adaptation of organs to hypoxia becomes more complex and lengthy.

Emergency adaptation is the transport of oxygen and metabolic substrates and the inclusion of tissue metabolism.

Long-term adaptation is formed more slowly and includes the adjustment of pulmonary alveoli functions, pulmonary ventilation blood flow, compensatory myocardial enlargement, bone marrow hyperplasia and hemoglobin accumulation.

Classification of hypoxia

The duration and intensity of the course distinguish functional, destructive and metabolic hypoxia.

Destructive hypoxia is a severe form and leads to irreversible changes in the body.

Functional hypoxia occurs when hemodynamics are impaired, i.e. as a result of a violation of blood flow for various reasons, for example, with hypothermia, injuries, burns, etc.

Metabolic hypoxia develops as a result of a violation of the oxygen supply to tissues. At the same time, a change in metabolic processes occurs in them.

Both functional and metabolic hypoxia are reversible. This means that after the necessary treatment or a change in factors causing hypoxia, all processes in the body are restored.

For reasons of occurrence, hypoxia is divided into:

1. Exogenous hypoxia, depending on the partial pressure of oxygen. This type includes altitudinal hypoxia, which develops at low atmospheric pressure, for example, in the mountains. Altitude hypoxia can occur in a confined space - a mine, an elevator, a submarine, etc. The causes of altitude hypoxia are a decrease in the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide CO2 in the blood, leading to an increase in the frequency and depth of a breath.
2. Respiratory hypoxia associated with respiratory failure.
3. Histotoxic hypoxia due to improper use of oxygen by tissues.
4. Hemic, arising from anemia and suppression of hemoglobin by carbon monoxide or oxidizing agents.
5. Circulating hypoxia, developing with circulatory failure, accompanied by arteriovenous differences in oxygen.
6. Overload, the cause of which are epilepsy attacks, stress from hard work, etc. are similar reasons.
7. Technogenic hypoxia occurs when a person stays in an environmentally unsatisfactory environment.

Often found in medical practice, hypoxia of the brain and hypoxia of the newborn.

Hypoxia of the brain disrupts the activity of the whole organism and, first of all, of the central nervous system.

Hypoxia in newborns is quite common in obstetric and gynecological practice and has serious consequences. The main causes of fetal hypoxia are maternal diseases such as diabetes mellitus, anemia, occupational intoxication, heart disease and other diseases.

The causes of chronic fetal hypoxia include a complicated pregnancy caused by a disorder of uteroplacental circulation. In addition, pathological development of the fetus in the form of malnutrition, Rh conflict, infection of the fetus during the breakthrough of protective barriers and multiple pregnancy can also be causes of chronic fetal hypoxia.

Signs of Hypoxia

Symptoms of oxygen starvation are expressed by constant fatigue and depression, accompanied by insomnia.

There is a deterioration in hearing and vision, headaches and chest pains appear. An electrocardiogram reveals a sinus. Patients experience shortness of breath, nausea and disorientation in space. Breathing can be heavy and deep.

In the initial stage of development of brain hypoxia, its signs are expressed by high energy, passing into euphoria. Self-control of motor activity is lost. Signs may appear with a shaky gait, palpitations, pallor bordering cyanosis, or vice versa, the skin becomes dark red.

In addition to common to all, signs of cerebral hypoxia, as the disease progresses, are expressed by fainting, cerebral edema, lack of skin sensitivity. Often this condition ends in a coma with a fatal outcome.

Any type of hypoxia requires immediate treatment, based on the elimination of its causes.

With the onset of pregnancy, colossal changes take place in the mother's body, allowing a new life to arise and develop. A unique mother-placenta-fetus system is formed. Normally, this mechanism works very clearly, providing the baby with oxygen and nutrients, removing the products of his life and protecting him from adverse factors.

Even with a normal pregnancy, the fetal blood is less oxygenated than the mother's. This deficiency can be compensated by the enhanced work of the baby’s heart and a special type of hemoglobin - the so-called fetal hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to each cell of the child.

If the blood supply through the placenta is disrupted, then the fetal body cannot compensate for everything. About 3-7% of pregnancies occur in violation of this system. This condition is called fetoplacental insufficiency (FPF), the result of which is intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus. According to statistics, this condition occurs in 10% of all pregnancies and childbirths.

What is and how does FPF and fetal hypoxia develop?

The placenta completes its formation by the 16th week of pregnancy, by this time the placental circulation begins to fully function, that is, deliver oxygen-enriched blood through the umbilical vein to the liver and heart of the unborn baby. From there, blood is distributed to all organs and tissues of the embryo through special compounds - shunts. Any disturbance in the blood circulation or in the structure of the placenta leads to the development of FPI.

The placenta and its predecessors in the course of their development undergo two waves of activity: at 7-9 and 14-17 weeks of pregnancy. It is during these periods that vascular abnormalities occur more often, resulting in FSF. Typically, such disorders are formed against the background of a mother’s illness, improper lifestyle, or pregnancy complications.

In view of the formed FSF, intrauterine hypoxia of the baby develops, which means insufficient intake of oxygen in his body. Synonyms in intrauterine hypoxia are oxygen deficiency or oxygen starvation of the fetus.

It is worth noting that this condition is not a disease. This is a syndrome that develops in an unborn child as a result of exposure to various unfavorable factors on his body.

FPN mechanisms

• decreased blood flow to the placenta (maternal hypotension, compression of the inferior vena cava by the pregnant uterus) or obstructed outflow through the veins (for edema)
• heart attack and edematous changes
• violation in the tissues of the placenta as a result of infection
• changes in blood coagulation in mother and fetus

Types of fetal hypoxia

Oxygen starvation of the fetus can develop for a long time and gradually, as a result of chronic chronic renal failure. Such hypoxia is also called chronic. If the violation of the blood supply to the placenta has developed rapidly and rapidly, then FPI and hypoxia are acute.

Also, fetal hypoxia can develop during pregnancy, then it is called antenatal, and if it occurs during childbirth, they talk about intranatal hypoxia.

Risk factors for fetal hypoxia during pregnancy

Almost every expectant mother is likely to develop hypoxia, but not everyone develops it. The doctor of the antenatal clinic calculates the degree of risk of this condition in the fetus, taking into account the chronic pathology of the mother, endocrine disorders that existed before and appeared during pregnancy and complications of the gestational period:

Maternal diseases

Hormonal disorders

• Diabetes
• Cardiovascular and pulmonary pathology
• Obesity

Pregnancy complications

• Multiple pregnancy
• Incorrect placement of the placenta and detachment

Causes

The causes of intrauterine hypoxia are divided into 2 large groups, depending on whether they contribute to the development of acute or chronic hypoxia.

What causes chronic hypoxia

Chronic oxygen deficiency of the fetus is caused by adverse factors that act for a long time.

Arterial hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia

During pregnancy, the placenta has a great effect on the heart and blood vessels of a woman. The blood volume is almost doubled, and the peripheral vessels expand, which prevents jumps in blood pressure. Therefore, if the tonometer stubbornly shows values \u200b\u200bgreater than 130 / 80mm RT. pillar, you can think about the malfunctioning of the mother-placenta-fetus.
  The classification of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy is presented in the table.