Preparing for the exam on the history of the topic of unrest. Tasks of part B. One of the reasons for the beginning of the Troubles is

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1) suppression of the Rurik dynasty

4) coming to power of the boyar government - "seven-boyars"

Explanation.

The reasons for the Troubles include the suppression of the Rurik dynasty in 1598, when the last king of the Rurik dynasty, Fyodor Ioannovich, died. The disintegration of the state into appanage principalities took place in the XII century. The beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobor dates back to the reign of Ivan IV. The government of the “seven-boyars” ruled during the Time of Troubles.

Answer: 1

What are the consequences of the aggravation of political and social contradictions in Russia in the late 16th - early 17th centuries?

1) to the Livonian War

2) to Troubles

3) to the Copper Riot

4) to the introduction of the oprichnina

Explanation.

Late 16th - early 17th centuries - this is the period of Troubles in the history of Russia. The causes of the Troubles were the aggravation of political and social contradictions in Russia. Oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible, the unsuccessful Livonian War led to the emergence of these contradictions. The Copper Riot (1662) is a popular movement in the 17th century.

Answer: 2

Which of the above refers to the results of the political fragmentation of Russia?

1) the presence in each principality of its own authorities and troops

2) the emergence of estate-representative institutions

3) the establishment of close economic ties between the principalities

4) the adoption of laws that attached peasants to the land

Explanation.

Political fragmentation is the period of disintegration of the ancient Russian state into separate lands and principalities. Its results include the presence in each principality of its own authorities and troops. During the period of fragmentation, there are no close economic ties between the principalities. Estates-representative bodies of power, laws that attached the cross to the land appeared in the XV-XVI centuries.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

The government of the Russian state, formed after the overthrow of Tsar V.I.Shuisky in 1610, is called

1) "seven-boyars"

2) the Supreme Privy Council

3) by the Council of All the Earth

4) Boyar Duma

Explanation.

The government of the Russian state, formed after the overthrow of Tsar V.I.Shuisky in 1610, is called the seven-boyars. The Supreme Privy Council is the body of power during the period of palace coups. The Council of All Lands was created to lead the militia in 1611-1612.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

The introduction of the oprichnina by Ivan the Terrible led to

1) the final legal registration of serfdom

2) the abolition of parochialism

3) canceling feedings

4) strengthening the personal power of the king

Explanation.

The purpose of the oprichnina of Ivan the Terrible was to strengthen the personal power of the tsar, to fight against the separatism of the boyars-patrimonials, and to strengthen the centralized state.

Answer: 4

The consequence of the Livonian War was

1) joining the Baltic states to Russia

2) the foundation of St. Petersburg

3) accession to Russia of the Left-Bank Ukraine

4) the economic ruin of the Russian land

Explanation.

The consequence of the Livonian War, which ended with the defeat of Russia, was the economic ruin of the Russian land.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

Old Belief in Russia arose as a result

1) decisions of the Stoglava Cathedral

2) the move of the metropolitan from Kiev to Vladimir

3) the struggle between the Josephites and the non-possessors

4) church schism

Explanation.

The Old Believers in Russia arose as a result of a church split into supporters and opponents of Nikon's reforms.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

What are the consequences of the aggravation of political and social contradictions in Russia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries?

1) Livonian War

3) Copper riot

4) the introduction of the oprichnina

Explanation.

Aggravation of political and social contradictions in Russia in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. led to the Troubles. Troubles is a period in Russian history of 1598-1613, caused by a dynastic, economic, social crisis. The rest of the events refer to other historical periods.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 2.

Answer: 2

2) the creation of a regular army

Explanation.

As a result of the reforms of the Chosen Rada, a streltsy army was created in Russia - the first standing army. Regiments of a foreign system appeared in the 17th century. The regular army, guards regiments were created in the 18th century.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

1) dynastic crisis

2) the introduction of copper money

3) the introduction of the poll tax

4) the introduction of recruitment

Explanation.

The cause of the Troubles (1598-1613) was a dynastic crisis associated with the suppression of the Rurik dynasty in 1598. The rest of the events took place after the end of the Troubles.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

The final registration of serfdom in Russia was the result of the adoption

1) "Table of Ranks"

2) "Decree on succession to the throne"

3) "Certificate of honor to the nobility"

4) "Cathedral Code"

Explanation.

The final registration of serfdom took place in 1649 as a result of the adoption of the "Cathedral Code". An indefinite period of searching for fugitive peasants was introduced - fixed summers were canceled. The rest of the documents are not related to the formation of serfdom.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

Which of the above refers to the results of the activities of the Chosen Rada in the 50-60s. XVI century?

1) the introduction of recruitment

2) the creation of regiments of the "foreign system"

3) the introduction of universal conscription

4) the creation of a streltsy army

Explanation.

By the results of the activities of the Chosen Rada in the 50-60s. XVI century the creation of a streltsy army belongs. The introduction of recruitment was in 1705. The creation of regiments of the "foreign system" - in the 17th century. The introduction of universal conscription - in 1874.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

Which of the above refers to the consequences of the Horde domination in Russia?

1) the flourishing of the veche orders in the Russian lands

2) return to pagan beliefs

3) a slowdown in cultural development

4) strengthening of ties between separate parts of the Russian lands

Explanation.

The Horde domination had a negative impact on Russia and slowed down the cultural development of the country, as stone construction was interrupted, some crafts disappeared, and cultural monuments perished.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 3.

Answer: 3

Source: Yandex: Training work of the exam on history. Option 1.

What was one of the reasons for the fall of the Chosen Rada?

1) the uprising in Moscow in 1542

2) disagreements in the choice of the main direction of foreign policy

3) the campaign of the Crimean Khan Devlet-Giray to Moscow

4) the convocation of the Stoglava Cathedral

Explanation.

One of the reasons for the fall of the Chosen Rada is disagreement in the choice of the main direction of foreign policy. Ivan IV was a supporter of the war with the Livonian Order. Figures of the Chosen Rada were for the fight against the Crimean Khanate.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 2.

Answer: 2

What was the reason for the uprising of the monks of the Solovetsky Monastery in 1668-1676?

1) church reform of Patriarch Nikon

2) the creation of the Holy Synod

3) secularization of monastic lands

4) the abolition of the patriarchate in Russia

Explanation.

The reason for the uprising of the monks of the Solovetsky Monastery in 1668-1676. was the church reform of Patriarch Nikon. they refused to accept new books and rituals. The creation of the Holy Synod and the abolition of the patriarchate in Russia took place in 1721. The secularization of the monastic lands was carried out in 1764.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

Which of the above related to the causes of the Time of Troubles in the Russian state at the beginning of the 17th century?

1) suppression of the ruling dynasty of Rurikovich

2) disintegration of the state into specific principalities

3) the beginning of the convocation of Zemsky sobors

4) the coming to power of the boyar government - "seven-boyars"

Explanation.

The Time of Troubles is the period of the late 16th - early 17th centuries. The beginning of the Troubles is considered 1598 - the year of death of the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty, Fyodor Ioannovich. The disintegration of the state into appanage principalities took place in the XII century. The beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobor dates back to 1549. The coming to power of the boyar government - "seven-boyars" - took place in 1610 and belongs to the period of Troubles.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 in history.

One of the reasons for the campaigns of Russian troops on the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates was

1) the desire to establish control over the Volga trade route.

2) the annexation of Eastern Siberia.

3) the spread of Orthodoxy in the annexed territories.

4) the conclusion of a military alliance with the Crimean Khanate.

Explanation.

One of the reasons for the campaigns of Russian troops against the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates during the reign of Ivan the Terrible was the desire to establish control over the Volga trade route. The rest of the territories are not related to the Volga region.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

Due to the implementation of Nikon's church reforms in the 17th century. in Russia

1) the patriarchate was liquidated

2) the Holy Synod was established

3) secularization of monastic lands was carried out

4) there was a church schism

Explanation.

Due to the implementation of Nikon's church reforms in the 17th century. In Russia, a church split arose between Old Believers and supporters of Nikon's reforms. The liquidation of the Patriarchate and the establishment of the Holy Synod took place as a result of the reforms of Peter I in 1722. The secularization of the monastic lands took place during the period of reforms of Catherine II.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

Which of the above related to the causes of the Time of Troubles in the Russian state at the beginning of the 17th century?

1) the peasant uprising of S. Razin

2) disintegration of the state into specific principalities

3) the beginning of the convocation of Zemsky sobors

4) suppression of the dynasty of Moscow princes

Explanation.

To the causes of the Time of Troubles in the Russian state at the beginning of the 17th century. includes the suppression of the dynasty of Moscow princes (Rurikovich) in 1598 and the subsequent dynastic crisis. The disintegration of the state into specific principalities took place in the 12th century. The first convocation of the Zemsky Sobor was in 1549. S. Razin's peasant uprising was later - in 1670-1671.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

Which of the above refers to the causes of the Troubles?

1) the introduction of copper money

2) the introduction of the poll tax

3) the introduction of recruitment

4) dynastic crisis

Explanation.

To the causes of the Troubles at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th centuries. the dynastic crisis associated with the suppression of the Rurik dynasty in 1598 belongs to the rest of the events are not associated with the Time of Troubles.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

Which of the above was the result of the military reform carried out by the Chosen Rada in the middle of the 16th century?

1) the creation of a streltsy army

2) the creation of a regular army

3) the creation of guards regiments

4) the formation of regiments of a foreign system

Explanation.

The formation of the regiments of a foreign system belongs to the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich;

Creation of a regular army and guards regiments for the reign of Peter the Great;

The creation of a streltsy army is one of the reforms of the Chosen Rada during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

Which of the following events led to a schism in the Church in the 17th century?

1) the establishment of the patriarchate in Russia

2) secularization of church lands

3) reform of Patriarch Nikon

4) the confrontation between the Josephites and the non-possessors

Explanation.

As a result of the reform of Patriarch Nikon in the middle of the 17th century. there was a schism in the Church.

The confrontation between the Josephites and the non-possessors - the 15th-early 16th centuries;

Establishment of the Patriarchate in Russia - 1589;

Theory

"Time of Troubles in Russia"

Troubles (Time of Troubles)- period national history the beginning of the 17th century, when the country was going through a political, economic and social crisis.

Causes of the Troubles

Dynastic crisis (termination of the Rurik dynasty).

Economic crisis (rains, early frosts for three years in a row → famine of 1601 - 1603).

Struggle for power between boyar groups.

Social crisis (dissatisfaction with their position of all classes).

Expansion of spheres of influence by military methods of neighboring states (Poland, Sweden).

1598 - 1605 – Boris Godunov... February 17, 1598 B. Godunov was elected Zemsky Sobor. First Chosen King! September 3, 1598 - B. Godunov's wedding to the throne.

The activities carried out by B. Godunov were ambiguous (the examples given cover examples relating to both the period of the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich and the independent reign of B. Godunov):

He freed the population from arrears.

Encouraged the development of trade and entrepreneurship.

The country's economic revival began.

Construction of new cities in Siberia and the Volga region (Samara, Saratov (1589-1590), Tsaritsyn (1589), Tomsk).

The establishment of the patriarchate ensured its full autocephaly and raised the international authority of Russia (the first patriarch Job (patriarchate years 1589-1590)).

He took measures to combat hunger.

The rapprochement of Russia with the West began (he invited foreigners to serve in Russia, sent noble children to study abroad).

Active (successful) foreign policy: January-February 1590 the campaign of Russian troops on Narva (the capture of Yam, the siege of Narva and Ivangorod); 1598 - the defeat of the troops of the Siberian Khan Kuchum in the Baraba steppe by the Russian governors, the elimination of the Siberian Khanate; 1601 - the conclusion of the Russian-Polish truce for 20 years

B. Godunov's name was associated with the Uglich affair.

Crop failure and famine in Russia (1601 - 1603).

The measures taken by B. Godunov's government during the famine caused discontent among the population.

B. Godunov's claim to the throne was not supported by a significant part of the boyars, since considered him insufficiently noble.

1603 g.- The uprising of Khlopko Kosolap.

April - May 1605 – Fedor Godunov.

The Godunovs are already a dynasty on the Russian throne !!!

1605 - 1606 – False DmitryI (Grigory Otrepiev)... He invaded Russia in October 1604. Supported by the Polish king Sigismund III and the governor Yuri Mnishek. False Dmitry promised them Russian lands and the conduct of Catholicism in Russia. In October-November 1604, the southern Russian cities (Chernigov, Putivl, Oskol, Voronezh, Yelets, etc.) went over to the side of False Dmitry. Patriarch Job was deposed (June 1605), the Ryazan Archbishop Ignatius became the new patriarch (until May 1606, then he was exiled to the Chudov Monastery). July 1605 royal wedding. Was married to the daughter of a Polish tycoon Marina Mnishek(marriage May 1606).

Reasons for the success of False Dmitry

1. Support of various strata of society dissatisfied with the rule of B. Godunov

2. Many considered him the rightful heir to the throne, the "natural king." B. Godunov, however, was a tsar who took the throne not by inheritance, but through elections at the Zemsky Sobor, so the boyars used False Dmitry I in their own interests in the struggle against the "lawless tsar" B. Godunov.

3. A sharp deterioration in the economic situation in the country caused dissatisfaction with the rule of B. Godunov.

4. The lower strata of society hoped to receive from False Dmitry I relief of their situation, and service people, the Cossacks - benefits and privileges.

5. Part of the tsarist governors, the Cossack troops, taking into account the mood of the masses, went over to the side of False Dmitry I.

The reasons for the overthrow of False Dmitry I.

1. The position of the lower strata of society did not improve: tax oppression and serfdom remained.

2. Attempts to pursue an independent policy led to an exacerbation of contradictions with the boyars headed by V. Shuisky.

3. Many service people did not get what they expected.

4. By refusing to fulfill the promises made to the Polish king and the Catholic Church, he lost the support of outside forces.

5. The clergy and boyars expressed dissatisfaction with the violation by False Dmitry I of the old Russian customs, the usual order of life.

6. Dissatisfaction with the impostor was associated with the approach to the royal court of the Polish gentry, who felt themselves to be real masters in Moscow and by their behavior insulted the national feelings and the Orthodox faith of the Russian people.

1606 - 1610 – Vasily Shuisky (VasilyIV ) (he was called the "boyar tsar").

On accession to the throne, he gave crucifixion record- promises not to punish the boyars, not to execute the boyars, not to deprive them of their lands without the consent of the Boyar Duma, will not listen to false denunciations and punish the relatives of the disgraced.

From June 1606 the new patriarch Hermogenes.

1606 - 1607- an uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov... The goal is to restore the legitimate king (Tsarevich Dmitry, as there were rumors that he did not die in Uglich) on the throne. Bolotnikov called himself the governor of Tsarevich Dmitry. The uprising was attended by Cossacks, nobles, peasants, slaves. They could not take Moscow because of the betrayal of the nobles. The uprising was suppressed, Bolotnikov was executed.

1607 - a decree on a 15-year period for the search for fugitive peasants.

June 1608 - the invasion of Russia by the troops of False Dmitry II. He was named Tushinsky thief, because it is located not far from Moscow in the village of Tushino. He had his own yard there.

September 1608 - January 1610 - the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery by the troops of the Tushinsky thief. Russian troops under the command of M.V. Skopin-Shuisky managed to lift the siege.

February 1609- the contract of Tsar V.I. Shuisky with Sweden for help in the fight against the Tushins. Russia pledged to return the Korela volost to Sweden in exchange for military assistance to Sweden in the fight against the Tushin people. July 1609 the victory of the Russian and Swedish troops under the command of M.V. Skopin-Shuisky near Tver. The union of Russia and Sweden is a pretext for the Polish intervention.

Intervention- violent interference of one or several states in the internal affairs of another state.

September 1609 - June 1611 - the siege by the Poles led by Sigismund III of Smolensk. The defense of Smolensk (624 days) was led by Mikhail Borisovich Shein. Smolensk was taken, Shein was taken prisoner.

1610 - 1612- Seven Boyars. Head - F.I. Mstislavsky.

September 1610- the boyars let the Poles into Moscow.

January - February 1611- the formation of the first militia in Ryazan. Leaders: P.P. Lyapunov (nobleman), D.T. Trubetskoy (prince), I.M. Zarutsky (Cossack chieftain), D.M. Pozharsky (the prince, while not playing a big role). In Yaroslavl in June 1611 was created Council of All Earth- the governing body of the militia. The goal is to free Moscow from the Poles. Bottom line: due to inconsistency of actions, disputes, they failed. P.P. Lyapunov was killed by the Cossacks. The militia broke up in July 1611.

Militia- a military formation, created from free peasants, nobles, townspeople, etc. during the period of enemy invasions.

July 1611 city - the capture of Novgorod by the Swedes.

September - October 1611- the formation of a second militia in Nizhny Novgorod. Leaders: K. Minin (zemstvo headman), D.M. Pozharsky (prince). March 1612- the performance of the Second Militia from Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow through Kostroma and Yaroslavl. April - June 1612- creation in Yaroslavl of the Council of the whole land - the provisional government of Russia. August 1612- the entry of the Second Militia into Moscow, unification with the remnants of the First Militia. October 22, 1612- Liberation of Kitay-gorod by the militias. October 26, 1613- the surrender of the Polish garrison in the Kremlin.

1613 g.- The Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov as tsar. The reign of the new Romanov dynasty began. Candidates besides M. Romanov: Swedish prince Karl Philip, Ivan - the son of False Dmitry II and Marina Mnishek, Golitsyn, Vorotynsky, Trubetskoy, Pozharsky.

16-year-old Mikhail Romanov was elected the new tsar. He was young and gentle in character and did not have time to prove himself during the Time of Troubles. The boyars and nobility hoped that they could easily put pressure on him. The decisive role was played by the position of the Cossacks, among whom Romanov was popular. The formal basis for his election was the female kinship with the last tsar from the Rurik dynasty Fedor Ivanovich and Ivan the Terrible.

For peasants and townspeople, Mikhail was a "natural king", a symbol of national independence and the Orthodox faith (unwillingness to elect foreign applicants to the throne).

For the Cossacks, Mikhail Romanov is the son of Patriarch Filaret, long time who was in the Tushino camp and associated with the Cossacks.

Church support.

Consequences of the Troubles

The terrible devastation and desolation of the country: economic devastation, great human losses, financial problems, impoverishment of the people.

Strengthening the flight of the population from the center of the country to the outskirts.

Loss of a number of territories (Smolensk and Seversk lands - captured by Poland, Novgorod - Sweden, loss of access to the Baltic Sea).

Weakening of the country's military potential.

Preservation of national independence and Russian statehood.

The beginning of a new dynasty.

The weakening of the position of the tribal boyars and the strengthening of the nobility.

The rise of self-awareness of the people.

Fastening material

on the topic "Time of Troubles in Russia"

1. Dates:

date

Event

The board of Fyodor Ioannovich

Establishment of the Patriarchate in Russia

Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich ("Uglich case")

Introduction of "lesson years"

The reign of Tsar Boris Godunov

Hunger in Russia

The uprising led by Cotton Clubfoot

Board of False Dmitry I

The reign of Vasily Shuisky

The uprising led by I. Bolotnikov

Board of the Semboyarshchyna

The beginning of the open Polish intervention in Russia

Formation of the First Militia

The capture of Smolensk by the Poles

Formation and activities of the Second Militia

Liberation of Moscow from the Poles

Election of Mikhail Romanov as Tsar. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty

2. Terms

Cross-kissing record (letter), intervention, "seven-boyars", the militia, the Council of All the Land.

3. Theory

The reasons for the turmoil. Periodization of the Time of Troubles. The main events of the Troubles.

4. Personalities

Boris Godunov, Fyodor Godunov, False Dmitry I, Yuri Mnishek, Maria Mnishek, Vasily Shuisky, Ivan Bolotnikov, False Dmitry II, Sigismund III, P. Lyapunov, D. Trubetskoy, I. Zarutsky, Patriarch Job, Patriarch Ignatius, Patriarch Hermogenes, K. Minin, D. Pozharsky, prince Vladislav, Patriarch Filaret, Mikhail Romanov.

Test by topic

"Time of Troubles in Russia"

Part 1 (A)

1. Historians refer to the Time of Troubles ... years:

1) 1598 – 1605

2. The Rurik dynasty ended after death:

1) Ivan the Terrible

2) Fyodor Ivanovich

3) Boris Godunov

4) Mikhail Fedorovich

3. One of the reasons for the beginning of the Troubles is

1) penetration of the ideas of the European Reformation into Russia

2) landowners' lack of land

3) people's dissatisfaction with the monetary reform of Boris Godunov

4) suppression of a legitimate royal dynasty

4. In 1598 Boris Godunov took the Moscow throne on the basis of:

1) The will of Fyodor Ioannovich

2) Decisions of Queen Irina

3) Decisions of the Boyar Duma

4) Resolutions of the Zemsky Sobor

1) belonging in the past to the oprichnina

2) information about low origin

3) defeat in the war with Sweden

4) hunger and crop failure

6. Which of the above events took place during the reign of Boris Godunov?

1) "Uglich drama"

2) the introduction of the patriarchate

3) Cotton Clubfoot's uprising

4) Swedish intervention

7. The uprising in Moscow in June 1605 led to

1) the accession of Mikhail Romanov

2) the coming to power of the Seven Boyars

3) the accession of False Dmitry I

4) the convocation of the Zemsky Sobor

8. The successful accession to the Russian throne of False Dmitry I is explained

1) the hope of the people for a kind and just king

2) support of the Polish invaders

3) the intervention of Western states

4) support of all the boyars and nobility

9. False Dmitry I

1) tried to spread Western customs

2) gave part of the Russian lands of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

3) rules with mass terror

4) destroyed the Boyar Duma

10. After the overthrow of False Dmitry I,

1) Ivan Mstislavsky

2) Fedor Romanov

3) Vasily Shuisky

4) Bogdan Belsky

11.With the beginning of the reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky, became patriarch

2) Filaret

3) Hermogen

4) Ignatius

12. Tsar Vasily Shuisky after his overthrow

1) was deprived of the throne and forcibly tonsured a monk

2) was killed by the boyars as a result of a conspiracy

3) abdicated the throne and transferred power to his nephew

4) unexpectedly died at the time of the coup

13. The camp of False Dmitry II during the siege of Moscow was located in

1) Kolomenskoye

4) Trinity-Sergius Monastery

14. The government of the Russian state, formed after the overthrow of Tsar Shuisky V.I. in 1610 they call:

1) Seven Boyars

2) the Supreme Privy Council

3) by the Council of All the Earth

4) Boyar Duma

15. The boyars agreed to invite the prince Vladislav to the Russian throne on condition

1) the return of Russian lands previously captured by the Poles to Russia

2) the unification of Russia and the Commonwealth into one state

3) joint struggle against Sweden

4) his acceptance of Orthodoxy

16. The states that carried out armed intervention in the internal affairs of Russia during the Time of Troubles were

1) Denmark, Norway

2) Rzeczpospolita, Sweden

3) England, France

4) Turkey, Crimean Khanate

17. An example of heroic defense against the interventionists during the Time of Troubles was given by the city

1) Nizhny Novgorod

2) Novgorod the Great

3) Smolensk

18. The open Polish intervention began immediately after

1) the murder of False Dmitry I and the beating of the Poles in Moscow

2) the coming to power of False Dmitry I

3) Vasily Shuisky's conclusion of an alliance with Sweden

4) the death of Boris Godunov

19. The defense of Smolensk besieged by the Poles led

1) M.V. Skopin-Shuisky

2) M.B. Shein

3) D.T. Trubetskoy

4) F.I. Mstislavsky

20. The defeat of the Tushins and the lifting of the siege from the Trinity-Sergius Monastery was led by

1) M.V. Skopin-Shuisky

2) V.I. Shuisky

3) F.I. Mstislavsky

4) V.V. Golitsyn

21. The patriarch made an appeal to resolutely fight against the Poles who seized Moscow

1) Filaret

2) Hermogen

3) Ignatius

22. The main purpose of the First Militia

1) the liberation of the entire territory of Russia from foreign invaders

2) the establishment of a republic in Russia

3) the liberation of Moscow from the Poles

4) lifting the siege of Smolensk

23. To organize the Second Militia K.Z. Minin urged

1) enroll in the militia of all men from 15 to 50 years old

2) give as tax a fifth of the property and income

3) recruit foreign mercenaries

4) transfer church property for the organization of the army

24. The concept of "crucifixion" is applicable to the reign

1) B. Godunova

2) False Dmitry I

3) V. Shuisky

4) M. Romanova

25. What event happened later than others?

1) the election of Vasily Shuisky as tsar

2) the liberation of Moscow from the Poles

3) movement led by Bolotnikov

4) the uprising of Cotton Clubfoot

26. To what historical figure are the words of the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky: "Was it just baked in a Polish oven, but fermented in Moscow?"

1) to the prince Vladislav

2) Vasily Shuisky

3) False Dmitry I

4) False Dmitry II

27. Which of the named persons was a participant in the events of the Troubles?

1) A. Kurbsky

2) A. Adashev

3) G. Otrepiev

4) S. Razin

28. Zemsky Sobor in 1613 is unique in that

1) it was attended by representatives of black-sowed peasants

2) this is the only council that elected a king

3) members of the Boyar Duma were absent from it

4) he was not going to Moscow

29. Of the listed events, the earliest occurred

1) the beginning of the performance of Ivan Bolotnikov

2) the marriage of False Dmitry I with Marina Mnishek

3) performance of Muscovites against Fedor Godunov

4) V. Shuisky's acceptance of the "crucifixion record"

30. A characteristic feature of the Time of Troubles was

1) widespread imposture

2) the creation of a regular army

3) streamlining the activities of orders

4) construction of fortresses and monasteries

Part 2 (B)

1. As it was called in Russia in the 16th - 17th centuries. a central estate-representative institution with legislative functions?

2. Arrange in chronological order.

1) the choice of M.F. Romanov tsar

2) unification of the First and Second militias

3) the campaign of the troops of D.M. Pozharsky to Moscow

4) the creation of the Second Militia of the Council of All the Earth

3. Select three leaders of the First Militia

1) P.P. Lyapunov

2) I.M. Zarutsky

3) D.T. Trubetskoy

4) D.M. Pozharsky

5) M.V. Skopin-Shuisky

6) K. Minin

4. A number of names are listed below. All of them, with the exception of one, were participants in the Troubles.

1) Boris Godunov, 2) Vasily Shuisky, 3) Ivan Bolotnikov, 4) Stepan Razin, 5) Ivan Zarutsky.

Find and write down the serial number under which the name is indicated, referring to another historical period.

5. Establish a correspondence between religious leaders and the facts of their biography.

Religious figure

Fact biography

Hermogen

Participant in the defense of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery

The first Russian patriarch

Proclaimed Patriarch in Tushino

Avraamy (Palitsyn)

Killed by I. Bolotnikov's associates

Starved by Poles

6. Write the name of the period of Russian history, the events of which are shown in the diagram.

7. Name the Russian tsar, during whose reign a terrible famine broke out, which became one of the reasons for the events depicted in the diagram.

8. Write the nickname of the impostor, which he received due to the fact that he set up his camp in a village near Moscow, marked with the number "2".

9. What judgments, related to this schema, are they correct? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) Participants in the events depicted in the diagram were K. Bulavin and Archpriest Avvakum.

2) The campaign to Moscow, indicated on the diagram by dotted arrows, was led by an impostor known as Grigory Otrepiev.

3) The headman of the posad made an appeal to raise funds to fight the invaders in the city indicated on the diagram by the number "4".

4) The consequence of the events depicted in the diagram was the loss by Russia of the territories shaded on the diagram.

5) One of the reasons for the events depicted in the diagram was the suppression of the reigning Rurik dynasty.

6) The ancient Russian city, marked on the diagram with the number "1", repulsed all attempts by the invaders to seize it.

10. What judgments about the monument shown in the photograph are correct? Choose two judgments from the five suggested.

1. The monument was created at the beginning of the 17th century. in honor of the liberation of Moscow from the Poles.

2. The sculptor of the monument is I.P. Martos.

3. The monument was the first building of this type in Moscow.

4. The monument was erected in front of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

5. The creation of the monument was funded by the money that Russia received from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Deulino truce.

11. Which of the structures presented below, is it located closer than others to this cultural object?

Part 3 (C)

From the "History of the Russian State" N. M. Karamzin:

“In his zealous love for civic education, Boris surpassed all the most ancient crowned heads of Russia, having the intention of starting schools and even universities in order to teach young Russians the European languages and sciences: in 1600 he sent the German John Kramer to Germany, authorizing him to look there and bring him to Moscow professors and doctors ... This important intention was not fulfilled, as they write, because of strong objections from the clergy ... But abandoning the idea of starting universities in Russia, the tsar sent 18 young boyar people to London, to Lubeck and to France to study foreign languages, as well how young Englishmen and Frenchmen then went to Moscow to study Russian .... he invited from England, Holland, Germany not only doctors, artists, artisans, but also officials to the service.

He was not, but he was a tyrant; he did not go mad, but he acted wickedly, like John, eliminating co-workers or executing ill-wishers. If Godunov temporarily improved the empire, temporarily elevated it in the opinion of Europe, then was it not he who plunged Russia into an abyss of almost unheard-of misfortune - betrayed it to the spoils and vagabonds, summoned a host of avengers and impostors by exterminating the ancient royal tribe? Was it not he, finally, more than anyone else who contributed to the humiliation of the throne, sitting on it as a holy-killer? "

1. To what time is the reign of Boris Godunov? What was the peculiarity of his accession?

2. What are, according to the historian, the merits of Boris Godunov? Name at least three positions.

3. Using the source and knowledge of the course of history, explain why Boris Godunov, despite all his merits, left a contradictory memory of himself in the history of Russia. Give at least three explanations.

4. Review the historical situation and answer the questions.

In January 1613, the Zemsky Sobor was opened, which was attended by representatives of the clergy, boyars, nobles, city townspeople, Cossacks, and even elected representatives of the black-nosed peasants. The council decreed that it would not look for a tsar among foreigners, and also rejected the candidacy of Marina Mnishek and the "vorenok" - the son of Mnishek and False Dmitry II. Mikhail Romanov was elected Tsar. Name at least two reasons for the election of Mikhail Romanov to the Russian throne. What significance did this event have for the further development of the country? Indicate at least three provisions.

5. In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often opposite points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

"The Troubles was a manifestation of a deep internal crisis, one of the distant consequences of the oprichnina and defeat in the Livonian War, which led to the ruin of the economy, the growth of social unrest, widespread discontent, and the crisis was intensified by the intervention of external forces."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it.

6. Below are three names historical figures of the Time of Troubles. Complete one of them and complete the tasks.

1) Boris Godunov

2) False Dmitry I

3) Vasily Shuisky

Indicate the name of the life of the historical figure (to the nearest decade or part of a century). What are the main directions of his activity and give a brief description of them. Indicate the results of this activity.

List of used literature

USE-2014. History: typical examination options: 30 options / ed. A.B. Bezborodko, A.V. Ignatov. Moscow: National Education Publishing House, 2013. 384 p.

History. Preparation for the Unified State Exam-2013: teaching aid / ed. O.G. Veryaskina. Rostov-on-Don: Legion, 2012.304 p.

Katsva L.A. History of the Fatherland: a reference book for high school students and those entering universities. M .: AST-PRESS KNIGA, 2012.

A short course on the history of Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the XXI century. Ed. Kerova V.V. M: AST: Astrel, 2011.

R.V. Pazin The history of the development of Russian culture. 10-11 grades. Preparation for the exam: reference materials, practical tasks and illustrations: teaching aid. Rostov on Don: Legion, 2013.

R.V. Pazin Russian history. 10-11 grades. Thematic tests to prepare for the exam. Tasks of a high level of complexity (C4-C7): teaching aid. Rostov on Don: Legion. 2010.312 s.

R.V. Pazin History. Preparation for the exam. 10-11 grades. 140 historical figures of national and world history: materials of biographies. Task C6: historical essay: teaching aid. Rostov on Don: Legion, 2013.

Site Federal Institute pedagogical measurements fipi .ru. Open job bank.

Read the passage from the historical source and briefly answer questions C1-C3. The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of history of the corresponding period.

From the work of the historian V.O. Klyuchevsky

“... The painful mood of the people, carried away by the people from the reign of Ivan the Terrible and strengthened by the rule of Boris Godunov, served as the basis for it. The reason for the Troubles was given by the suppression of the dynasty and the subsequent attempts to restore it in the person of imposture. The root causes of the Troubles must be recognized as the popular view of the attitude of the old dynasty to the Muscovite state, which made it difficult to get used to the idea of an elective tsar, and then the very structure of the state with its heavy draft basis ... after Tsar Fyodor, the constitutional aspirations of the boyars, which ran counter to the character of the Moscow supreme power and popular gaze; boyar disgrace, famine, pestilence, regional strife, Cossack interference ... The end of the Troubles was laid by the accession to the throne of the tsar, who became the founder of a new dynasty: this was the immediate consequence of the Troubles. "

What event, according to the author, put an end to the Troubles? How were foreign policy issues with Poland and Sweden settled? What were the consequences of the Troubles and intervention for Russia? For the answer, use the text of the document and your knowledge of history.

Explanation.

1. The end of the Troubles was laid by the accession in 1613. Mikhail Romanov and the beginning of a new Romanov dynasty on the Russian throne.

2. Provisions on the settlement of foreign policy issues:

In 1617. peace was concluded with Sweden (according to which Russia retained the Novgorod lands, but lost access to the Baltic Sea)

In 1618. the Deulinsky truce with Poland was concluded (according to which the Smolensk, Chernigov and Novgorod-Seversky lands withdrew to Poland)

3. Consequences:

Russia managed to defend its independence

Russia came out of the Troubles extremely depleted, with large territorial and human losses

To overcome the consequences of the Troubles, economic devastation, measures were taken to strengthen serfdom and autocracy

In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

"The main reason for the Troubles was the growth of social conflicts in Russian society."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.

Write down your answer as follows.

Arguments in support of:

Arguments in rebuttal:

Explanation.

Arguments:

1) in confirmation, for example:

- The Troubles was preceded by the oprichnina terror, in which many historians saw a conflict between the boyars and the nobles, this conflict, due to participation in power and because of land holdings, continued in the Troubles (a movement against the "boyar tsar" Shuisky, in which provincial nobles);

- peasants actively participated in the Troubles, dissatisfied with the process of enslavement (the uprising of Ivan Bolotnikov);

- during the Time of Troubles, the townspeople and peasants, dissatisfied with the growth of duties, came out against the central government;

2) in refutation, for example:

- Troubles was the result of a dynastic crisis, the suppression of the Rurik dynasty on the Moscow throne;

- The Troubles began as a result of the actions of external forces - Poland and the Pope, without whose support the impostor could not have achieved success.

Other arguments may be given

1) suppression of the Rurik dynasty

4) coming to power of the boyar government - "seven-boyars"

Explanation.

Answer: 1

1) to the Livonian War

2) to Troubles

3) to the Copper Riot

4) to the introduction of the oprichnina

Explanation.

Answer: 2

1) Livonian War

3) Copper riot

4) the introduction of the oprichnina

Explanation.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 2.

Answer: 2

1) dynastic crisis

2) the introduction of copper money

3) the introduction of the poll tax

4) the introduction of recruitment

Explanation.

The cause of the Troubles (1598-1613) was a dynastic crisis associated with the suppression of the Rurik dynasty in 1598. The rest of the events took place after the end of the Troubles.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

1) suppression of the ruling dynasty of Rurikovich

2) disintegration of the state into specific principalities

3) the beginning of the convocation of Zemsky sobors

4) the coming to power of the boyar government - "seven-boyars"

Explanation.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

Source: Demo version of the Unified State Exam-2013 in history.

1) the introduction of copper money

2) the introduction of the poll tax

3) the introduction of recruitment

4) dynastic crisis

Explanation.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 4.

Answer: 4

1) the introduction of the poll tax

2) the establishment of a single period for the transition of peasants to St. George's Day

3) the economic crisis caused by the oprichnina and the Livonian war

4) the accession of the Romanov dynasty to the Russian throne

Explanation.

One of the causes of the Troubles was the consequences of the devastation caused by the Livonian War and the oprichnina.

The poll tax and the accession of the Romanovs were after the Time of Troubles, the establishment of St. George's Day much earlier than 1497.

The correct answer is indicated under number: 3.

Answer: 3

Source: Unified State Exam on History 05/30/2013. The main wave. Siberia. Option 5.

1) suppression of the ruling dynasty of Rurikovich

2) the disintegration of the state into specific principalities

3) the beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobor

4) coming to power of the boyar government - "Seven Boyars"

Explanation.

The suppression of the ruling dynasty of Rurik after the death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich in 1598 was one of the main causes of the Troubles.

The rest is incorrect because:

the disintegration of the state into specific principalities took place in the 12th century;

the beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobors in 1549;

the coming to power of the boyar government - "Seven Boyars" already in the years of Troubles, then it cannot be the reason.

The correct answer is indicated under the number: 1.

Answer: 1

Source: Demo version of the USE-2015 in history.

Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “... boyar people and peasants gathered, Ukrainian townspeople, archers and Cossacks joined them and began to seize the governors in the cities and put them in dungeons. Boyars ruined their houses and plundered their property ... Their eldest was the man of Prince Andrei Andreevich Telyatevsky Ivashka Bolotnikov. Gathered [he] with many people and came to Kromy; and the governors withdrew from Krom. The boyars at Yelets heard that they were indignant at Kromy, moved away from Yelets and all went to Moscow. The warriors, having left for Moscow, all went to their homes, but the tsar ... in Moscow remained with a small army. "

B) “In the current [year] of May, on the 10th day, they wrote to us, the great sovereign, from the Don, the atamans and Cossacks Korney Yakovlev with their goods ... Cherkasy town near Kogolnik for hunting for thieves and traitors to Stenka Razin and his comrades. And by the grace of the almighty Lord God ... they ... under Kogolnik, they beat many thieves and the commodity of the thief and the traitor Stenka Razin and his associates who came with him to Kagalnik from Tsaritsyn and on the Don, stuck to his theft, and took him. And Evo, Stenka, was brought to Cherkaska and shackled and given to guard for a strong watchman. And the goods of the same-minded thieves in Kagalnik and Cherkassky were beaten and hanged, and they, the thief Stenka, were sent ... to Moscow with the chieftain with Korney Yakovlev ... "

SPECIFICATIONS

1) The events described in the source date back to 1671.

2) The Tsar, on whose behalf the document was drawn up, was Ivan the Terrible.

3) The document describes the times of the Troubles.

4) The events described in the document relate to the 16th century.

5) The king, to whose reign the events described refer, lost the throne as a result of a conspiracy.

6) In the same reign to which the events described in the document relate, the Salt Riot took place.

Fragment A		Fragment B

Explanation.

Document A is dedicated to the Troubles, the time of Vasily Shuisky.

Document B is dedicated to the Cossack-peasant revolt of Stepan Razin.

1) The events described in the source refer to 1671 - yes, that's right, refers to B.

Preparation for the exam. Test on the topic "Time of Troubles"

Arrange in chronological order historical events... Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

The reign of False DmitryI

Liberation of Moscow from the Poles

The reign of Boris Godunov.

Answer:

Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Events Years

a) the beginning of the invasion of foreign troops into Russia 1) 1589

b) the creation of the Second Militia 2) 1597.

c) the election of Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom 3) 1609

d) the introduction of the patriarchate 4) 1612

e) the decree on "lesson years" 5) 1613.

Answer:

3. A number of names are given below. All of them, with the exception of two, were participants in the Troubles.

1) Boris Godunov, 2) Vasily Shuisky, 3) Ivan Bolotnikov, 4) Stepan Razin, 5) Ivan Zarutsky. 6) Patriach Nikon

Answer:

4. Write down the term about which in question.

Boyar government (7 people) in Russia in 1610, nominally until 1612. De facto transferred power to the Polish interventionists, liquidated by the Second Militia led by K. Minin and D. Pozharsky in October 1612 ._______________

5. Establish a correspondence between the processes (phenomena, events) and the facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Processes (phenomena, events) Facts

A) suppression of the Rurik dynasty 1) the introduction of the patriarchate

C) return of the Baltic coast 3) construction of fortresses

D) strengthening the economy 4) the decree on "school years"

E) increasing the country's defense 5) the death of Tsarevich Dmitry

Answer:

6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

“The unfortunate rebellion, for which the traitors have long been united ... Their leader in this matter was the current tsar - Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, who promised to divide fortresses and states between them and appoint them to high positions. These troops were released against the “Moscow” that could side with Dmitry. First, on Saturday morning, they gave each other the following signal on the streets: “Into the city! In town! The city is burning! " - and this was done for our people, so that they would think that it was on fire in the fortress. They immediately surrounded all the Polish apartments,

so that those who were there could not fight back. They took the fortress very quickly. Then they sounded all the bells, from everywhere an innumerable crowd flocked to the fortress. First they scattered the halberdiers, then broke into the palace. Shuisky himself entered the first chambers with his assistants. "

“At the same time, the wicked Lithuanian king rose to the Orthodox Christian faith ... He came to the Moscow state under the city of Smolensk and destroyed many cities and villages, destroyed churches and monasteries. And the city was captured by a wicked king. When the Polish and Lithuanian king was under the city of Smolensk, then the enemy of the cross of Christ, who called himself Tsar Demetrius, stood under the reigning city of Moscow with the accursed Lithuanians. Many of the Russian people, because of their cowardice, for the sake of covetousness and robbery, joined him. "

SPECIFICATIONS

1) The camp of False Dmitry II near Moscow was in Tushino.

2) After the events described, Vasily Shuisky became tsar.

3) The "Polish and Lithuanian king" is Sigismund III.

4) The events described took place in 1605.

6) Events took place in Uglich.

Answer:

7. Which of the following relates to the events of the Time of Troubles (1598-1613)? Choose three answers and write down the numbers in the table, underby which they are indicated.

1) "Cross kissing record"

2) abolition of parochialism

3) fighting the Poles

4) fighting the Swedes

5) oprichnina

6) regiments of the "new order"

Answer:

8. Fill in the blanks in these sentences using the list of missing items below: for each letter and blank sentence, select the item number you want.

A) In June A) _______ years, a government consisting of noble 7 boyars, led by the prince B) _________________.

C) In January 1613 in Moscow was convened V)__________ , who played an important role in the election of the rightful new kingG) ____________

C) A heroic feat was accomplished by a Kostroma peasant, leading a Polish interventionist detachment into the swamp, although he himself died. Hero's name - D) _______________

Missing items:

1) Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov

2) Ivan Susanin

3) 1610

4) Zemsky Sobor

5) Fyodor Mstislavsky

6) 1612

7) Boris Godunov

Answer:

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events (processes, phenomena): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EVENTS PARTICIPANTS

A) The uprising in Putivl in 1606 1) P. Lyapunov

B) the first militia 2) Kuzma Minin

C) the second militia 3) Mikhail Fedorov

D) the election of the tsar in 1613 4) Ivan Bolotnikov

5) False Dmitry I

6) Vasily Shuisky

Answer:

10. Read an excerpt from the essay of the historian S.F. Platonov and name the impostor in question.
“... In the spring of 1606 V.I. Shuisky, together with Golitsyn, began to act much more cautiously; they managed to attract to their side the troops stationed near Moscow; on the night of May 16-17, their detachment was brought into Moscow, and there Shuisky already had enough sympathizers. However, the conspirators, knowing that not everyone in Moscow is irreconcilably opposed to the impostor, considered it necessary to deceive the people and allegedly raised a revolt for the tsar against the Poles who offended him. But the matter soon became clear. The king was declared an impostor and killed on May 17 in the morning. The "true tsarevich", whom so recently they had so touchingly greeted and whose salvation they rejoiced so much, became a "defrocked", "heretic" and "Polish whistler."

Otvnt: __________________

11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the ones presented in the given

below the list data: for each cell indicated by a letter, select

the number of the desired item.

Missing items:

1) M.V. Skopin-Shuisky

2) Boris Godunov

3) Vasily Shuisky

4) 1598-1613

5) 1609 g

6) 1612

7) oprichnina

8) the first militia

9) the murder of Dmitry Uglichny

Answer:

12. 1 Read an excerpt from the article by Yu.P. Shvets

“False Dmitry I (1605-1606), who replaced Godunov on the Russian throne, not only did not make fundamental changes to the pro-European course Russian politics, but made it even more aimed at rapprochement with Europe. So, for example, N.M. Karamzin reports that the Pretender, convinced of the superiority of Europe over Russia, urged the Russian people to go to study in Europe, restructured the activities of the Boyar Duma following the example of the Polish Sejm and promised that he would not rule Russia autocraticly, i.e. through tyranny, but in a European way, through mercy. CM. Soloviev claims that False Dmitry I issued two decrees that eased the situation of serfs and serfs "

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three

correct judgments. Write to the table numbers under which they are indicated

1) the events described in the article occurred in 1613

2) the politician in question inherited the royal throne by right

4) False DmitryIruled Russia for over 5 years

5) Boris Godunov defeated the troops of False Dmitry I

6) a Polish lady became the wife of False Dmitry I

Answer:

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16.

13. Write the name of the period described on the map

14. Name the Russian Tsar , during whose reign a terrible famine broke out, which became one of the reasons for the events depicted in the diagram.

Answer:_______________________

15. Write the nickname of the impostor , which he received due to the fact that he set up his camp in a village near Moscow, marked with the number "2".

Answer:_________________

16. What judgments regarding the events indicated on the map are

faithful? Choose three judgments from the six suggested. Write to the table

numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Participants in the events depicted in the diagram were K. Bulavin and Archpriest Avvakum.

2) The campaign to Moscow, indicated on the diagram by dotted arrows, was led by an impostor known as Grigory Otrepiev.

3) The headman of the posad made an appeal to raise funds to fight the invaders in the city indicated on the diagram by the number "4".

4) The consequence of the events depicted in the diagram was the loss by Russia of the territories shaded on the diagram.

5) One of the reasons for the events depicted in the diagram was the suppression of the reigning Rurik dynasty.

6) The ancient Russian city, marked on the diagram with the number "1", repulsed all attempts by the invaders to seize it.

Answer:

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their short ones

characteristics: for each position of the first column, select

the corresponding position from the second column.

CULTURAL MONUMENTS CHARACTERISTICS

B) a monument to Minin and

Pozharsky in Moscow 2) the gathering place of the first militia

C) Ipatiev Monastery 3) the first printed book

5) patrimonial possession of the Romanov boyars

Answer:

18. What judgments about the monument shown in the photograph are correct? Choose two judgments from the five suggested.

1. The monument was created at the beginning of the 17th century. in honor of the liberation of Moscow from the Poles.

2. The sculptor of the monument is I.P. Martos.

3. The monument was the first building of this type in Moscow.

4. The monument was erected in front of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

5. The creation of the monument was funded by the money that Russia received from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under the Deulino truce.

19. Which of the structures presented below, is it located closer than others to this cultural object?

Part 2

Read the passage from the history source and briefly answer questions 20-22. The answers assume the use of information from the source, as well as the application of historical knowledge in the course of history of the corresponding period.

Read an excerpt from the letter.

“From the Tsar and Grand Duke Vladislav Zhigimontovich of All Russia, to the Moscow state, to our boyars ... and to all the people of the Moscow state.

You know how by the fate of God in the Muscovite state the innate root of the great sovereigns of Russia has been tortured ... And the Moscow state is the patriarch, the bishops and the entire clergy, for that boyars and you are all people of all ranks of the whole Muscovite state, having comprehended what is not from the royal root to the sovereign to be difficult, the earth will be all in internecine strife, they kissed the cross between themselves, that it was not to elect the state from the Moscow clans, but to choose from other states from the royal root, ... and they chose us, the great sovereign, for the Muscovite state ... and the cross to us, the great Sovereign, they kissed with all the earth, and with the hetman Zhelkovsky, the voivode of Kiev ... they strengthened that we should be the sovereign tsar and the grand duke ... of all Russia and sent their ambassadors from all the land, Philaret, Metropolitan of Rostov and Yaroslavl, and Prince Vasily Vasilyevich Golitsyn and his comrades, ... and Filaret Metropolitan began to do not according to the order that was given to them from you, he predicted and planned on Moskovsko e state of his son Michael.

And ... the sovereign the king did not reject the petition of the entire Moscow state and promised to give us, the great sovereign, to the Muscovy; and our march to the Muscovite state hesitated ... And now we, the great sovereign ... have come to a perfect age to hold the scepter ... And you, all people of the Muscovite state ... remember your kissing on the cross, we, the great sovereign, will soon finish off with our brows and serve with joy ...

And the Christian faith of the ancient Greek law will not be violated in any way ... but the estates, and estates, and the monetary salary, everyone will be as before, and especially from us, the great sovereign, according to our merits, everyone will be granted, and the children of the boyars there will be liberty in the service ... under the agreement of hetman Zhelkovsky. And about Michael, Filaretov's son, as God willing we will be on his royal throne, in Moscow, and in those days our royal mercy will be at the request of the whole earth ... "

Indicate who (in terms of his social origin) was the person who is named in the charter as "king and grand duke." Indicate the time (up to a decade) when this person went on a delayed campaign to Moscow and issued this charter. Indicate who became at the time of writing this letter, named in it "Mikhail, Filaret's son."

What did the compiler of the letter accuse Filaret of? Indicate at least two obligations that are given in this charter to the people of Moscow, so that they recognize Vladislav Zhigimontovich as tsar.

Indicate the year when the contract was concluded, which is mentioned in the charter. Indicate why it was not executed. Name the war that ended in peace, according to which the author of this charter renounced his claims to the Moscow throne.

23. Review the historical situation and answer the questions.

24 In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often opposite points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can

confirm this point of view, and two arguments that can

refute it. When stating your arguments, be sure to use

historical facts.

Write down your answer as follows.

Arguments in support of:

1) …

2) …

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) …

2) …

25. You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods

Russian history:

1) 1598-1605; 2) 1598-1613; 3) 1654-1667

The essay must:

– indicate at least two events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;

– name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the role of these personalities in the events (phenomena, processes) of this period of Russian history;

Expulsion of Poles from the Kremlin in 1612
Painting by artist E. Lissner, 1907. Trinity-Sergius Lavra

1598-1613. Historical composition.

Age of Troubles

Period 1598-1613 in the history of Russia is called Time of Troubles.

During this period, the kings ruled:

Boris Godunov (1598 - 1605)
False Dmitry I (1605 - 1606)
Vasily Shuisky (1606 - 1610)
Seven Boyars (1610-1613)

General characteristics of the era

The period of the Troubles in Russia is one of the most difficult, since at this time there was a real threat of losing the independence of the state.

The most important events of the Time of Troubles:

Struggle for power in the country, imposture, confrontation between influential boyar families.
Popular protests against increased oppression, the uprising of Khlopok and Ivan Bolotnikov.
Intervention from Poland and Sweden
Liberation struggle against the interventionists, people's militias.

All these events and phenomena are bright pages in the history of Russia. I will highlight two of them.

Historical events (phenomena, processes)

Struggle for power in the country, imposture, confrontation between influential boyar families.

Two personalities who played a significant role in these events (phenomena, processes)

The Time of Troubles was characterized by an endless struggle for power. This was caused by the suppression of the Rurik dynasty: its last representative, Fedor Ioannovich, died, Tsarevich Dmitry died under unknown circumstances. The Zemsky Sobor elected the tsars - Boris Godunov and Vasily Shuisky. However, this power was not stable, the struggle for power of influential families continued. It is no accident that since 1610 the Seven Boyars was even established - power was in the hands of representatives of 7 clans. The Semboyarshchina included members of the Boyar Duma: princes F. Mstislavsky, I. Vorotynsky, A. Trubetskoy, A. Golitsyn, B. Lykov-Obolensky and boyars I. Romanov, F. Sheremetev.

It was during this period that imposture appeared:

False DmitryI with the support of Polish tycoons, albeit for a short time, but ruled Russia. False DmitryII posed a real threat Vasily Shuisky.

Such an unstable, and most importantly, illegitimate government, that is, not supported by the majority of the country's population, only negatively affected general position Russia: the crisis of all aspects of life, hunger, death, impoverishment of the people - this is the result of the instability of power.

Terms: impostureZemsky CathedralSeven Boyarshina

Liberation struggle against the interventionists, militias

The Troubles brought many troubles to Russia: the economy weakened, the situation of the people worsened, there was a threat of losing the country's independence. Therefore, the entire people rose up to fight the Polish invaders. Two militias were organized. The first, in 1611, under the leadership Lyapunov P. and Zarutsky I., brought no release. And only the second militia under the leadership K. Minin and D. Pozharsky When all the people opposed the enemies, the whole world raised funds to repulse the Poles - only the second militia led to the expulsion of the Poles from Moscow. The Zemsky Council was created - "Council of All Earth"(April 1612, Yaroslavl), all the actions of the leadership were thought out, the militia included thousands of people with large territory Russia.

The presence of common goals, clear leadership, support of the people - all this became the reason that on October 26, 1612, the people expelled the Poles from Moscow, and this was the beginning of the end of the intervention.

Terms: intervention militia council of all earths

Causal relationships

Causal relationships of these events.

Both events have one common reason: the period of Troubles led to instability in all spheres of society.

1. The reason for the instability of power was the termination of the rule of the Rurik dynasty - the absence of legal power, inherited. It was the crisis of power that led to the struggle of influential groups for it, which negatively affected the situation in the country.

2. It was the Troubles that became the reason for the unification of the people to fight for their independence. The crisis in all spheres of society, caused by the Troubles, led to the unification of the people against common enemies, aroused high patriotic feelings, regardless of their position in society. Everyone defended their Motherland - Russia.

Investigative connections of events.

The consequence of the events was:

1. The crisis of power led to a frequent change of rulers, which further exacerbated the situation in the country and at the same time led to the creation of militias.

2. The result of dissatisfaction with the situation in the country was the creation of the first and second militias, the liberation of the country from the interventionists, the conquest of freedom and independence.

Personalities associated with this era

*Personalities*	*Activity.*
Bolotnikov Ivan (? - 1608)	Fugitive slave, leader of the uprising of 1606-1607. He managed to inflict a number of serious defeats on the tsarist troops of Shuisky and lay siege to Moscow. After the suppression of the uprising, he was exiled to Kargopol, where he was blinded and drowned.
Hermogen1530-1612)	Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia since 1606. Supported the militia against the Poles. Arrested in 1611, imprisoned in the Chudov Monastery. Canonized.
(1589-1605)	Son of Boris Godunov. Russian Tsar in April-May 1605. Deposed and killed along with his mother when approaching Moscow False Dmitry 1.
Dmitry Ivanovich (1582-1591)	Son of Ivan the Terrible and Maria Nagoya. He lived with his mother in Uglich, inherited. There are two versions of Dmitry's death: murder by order of Boris Godunov and accidental death during a seizure of epilepsy. According to another version, he remained alive, which became the reason for the imposture.
Zarutsky Ivan (? - 1614)	One of the leaders of the Cossack movement during the Troubles. He led the Cossacks during the Bolotnikov uprising, supported False Dmitry 2, one of the organizers of the first people's militia in 1611. In 1611-1612 he fought against both the Poles and the militia. After the accession of the Romanovs, he went south. Tried to create buffer state (that is, a small one, located between two warring states), but was extradited to the authorities and executed.
(30s of the 16th century - June 1607)	First Patriarch Moscow and All Russia since 1589, founded the Donskoy Monastery in 1591, refused to support False Dmitry 1, was deposed and exiled. He was also persecuted under V. Shuisky. Canonized.
False Dmitry 2 (Tushinsky thief) (? - 1610)	An impostor, posing as Dmitry. 1608 - an unsuccessful attempt to take Moscow, set up a military camp in Tushino. He secretly married Marina Mnishek. They had a son, Ivan. In 1610 he fled to Kaluga, was killed in 1610. His son was executed together with I. Zarutsky in 1614.
Lyapunov Procopius (? - 1611)	In 1610 - one of the active participants in the overthrow of V. Shuisky, participated in the organization of the first militia in 1611. He headed the first zemstvo government formed by the militia. Killed by the Cossacks I.
(Kozma) (? - 1616)	Nizhny Novgorod headman, organizer of the national liberation struggle against the Polish intervention, one of the leaders of the second militia in 1611-1612. He gave all his fortune to the organization of the militia and encouraged others to donate funds. In the battles for Moscow he showed personal courage. In 1612-1613 he was a member of the zemstvo government - the "Council of All the Land". Since 1613 - a Duma nobleman.
Mnishek Marina (1588-1614)	Daughter of the Polish tycoon Yuri Mnishek, who was one of the organizers of the Polish intervention against Russia. The wife of both False Dmitrys. Her son was hanged in 1614, she herself died in the Kolomna monastery.
Naked Marina (? - 1612)	The seventh wife of Ivan the Terrible, mother of Tsarevich Dmitry. In 1584 she was exiled with her son to Uglich, after the death of her son in 1591 she was tonsured a monk. In 1605 she recognized her son as False Dmitry, then denied. Then she recognized False Dmitry 2.
Dmitry Pozharsky (1578-1642)	State and military leader, prince. Member of the first people's militia. Together with K. Minin, he was the organizer of the second militia, a member of the provisional zemstvo government. In 1612-1618 he headed the struggle against the Polish invaders. Later he was at the head of some orders.
Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail (1586-1610)	Prince, boyar, commander. He commanded troops during the suppression of the uprising of I. Bolotnikov. In 1610, at the head of the Russian-Swedish army, he liberated Moscow from the siege of the troops of False Dmitry 2.
Susanin Ivan (? -1613)	Russian national hero. According to legend, in the winter of 1613 he led a Polish detachment into a swamp and died with it, but did not allow the Poles to reach Kostroma, where Mikhail Romanov was hiding.

Historical assessment of the significance of this period for the history of Russia

The Time of Troubles in Russia is a period in which Russia was going through difficult times: the Rurik dynasty ended, there was no legitimate tsar in power who had inherited power, intervention, hunger, imposture, a crisis of all aspects of life, and most importantly, the threat of loss of independence. However, during this period, Russia stood up for freedom with a single force, the people rose up and overcame all difficulties - they expelled their hated enemies from Moscow, which means that they laid the foundation for complete liberation. Strength is in unity. This was once again understood by the people of the country. It is no coincidence that now November 4 has become a day of unity and harmony in memory of those distant years.

Prepared by: Vera Melnikova

Preparing for the exam on the history of the topic of unrest. Tasks of part B. One of the reasons for the beginning of the Troubles is

1598-1613. Historical composition.

Age of Troubles

General characteristics of the era

Historical events (phenomena, processes)

Causal relationships

Personalities associated with this era

Historical assessment of the significance of this period for the history of Russia

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