Why does vomiting occur? Why is there severe vomiting in adults. First aid measures and methods of treatment of vomiting

Nausea is a rather unpleasant sensation, unfortunately, periodically occurring in almost every person. It does not appear without a reason, its occurrence indicates some kind of malfunction in the body.

What does persistent nausea without other symptoms mean?

Constant nausea without vomiting or other symptoms may indicate many diseases or other changes in the body. Whatever the cause of this unpleasant sensation, can't leave this problem without attention, but it is necessary to find out the true source of nausea.

Nausea is not a normal condition of a healthy body, and even more so if it is permanent. Persistent nausea without vomiting or other symptoms may indicate the occurrence of such diseases:

• stomach diseases,
• bowel disease,
• brain diseases,
• kidney disease,
• the occurrence of tumors and inflammation,
• dysfunction of the thyroid gland,
• violation of cardio-vascular system,
• violation of the vestibular apparatus,
• manifestation of infectious diseases.

Note! Very often, the occurrence of constant nausea may indicate a wrong lifestyle:

• alcohol abuse,
• smoking,
• severe overstrain and overwork of the body,
• malnutrition (excessive consumption of fatty and smoked foods, abuse of fast food),
• emotional exhaustion.

If nausea occurs, before diagnosing the disease, you need to rethink your lifestyle. It is probably because of the wrong order of existence that these uncomfortable sensations arise.

What to do if there is a feeling of nausea without vomiting

When nausea occurs The first thing to do is change your diet. If a lot of fat was eaten the day before this uncomfortable feeling, or just an excess amount of any food, this may be the cause of nausea.

Oily looking can provoke an attack of nausea

But if there is such a sensation as constant nausea without vomiting and other symptoms, another problem that is dangerous to health may lurk in it.

The first thing to do is to promptly seek help from a qualified specialist.

The doctor will conduct an examination of the body, send for diagnosis. At present, with the help of high-quality equipment in laboratories, taking into account the received blood and urine tests, many diseases can be identified. Therefore, it is worth trusting the specialists and going through all the diagnostic methods.

Nausea can be a symptom

Important to remember! Taking medication for nausea will only temporarily relieve discomfort, but not from the very source of this unpleasant sensation.

In order to get rid of nausea, it is necessary to start treating the disease that causes it. Having cured the disease, nausea will disappear after him.

The main causes of nausea, other than diseases

Not necessarily this uncomfortable feeling can occur due to human diseases. There are many other reasons that can cause such unpleasant experiences.

One of the main causes of nausea is fatigue. It is important for a person to rest and relax.

Sometimes they become unexpected for the person himself, who and how does not connect them with the resulting feeling of persistent nausea:

1. Overexertion and lack of sleep. The body needs rest and healthy sleep. If there is not enough sleep for a long period, various uncomfortable sensations may occur, including regular nausea. This is a kind of body signal about the wrong daily routine.
2. Problems associated with the vestibular apparatus. People with such a violation in the operation of this device can be motion sick in transport, elevators. This can lead to severe nausea.
3. Poisoning, intestinal infection. The pathological process is usually accompanied by vomiting and fever, but there are cases in which only nausea occurs.
4. Side effects of drugs. Each medicine can cause side effects, including nausea. You can read about this in the instructions for the drug.
5. Pregnancy. The first months of pregnancy, as a rule, are accompanied by constant nausea, and vomiting is not at all necessary.
6. Migraine. Headaches of this nature are often accompanied by nausea.
7. Concussion. This condition usually causes nausea and, if severe, vomiting.

These are the most common causes of persistent nausea without vomiting or other symptoms, and there are many more. Each organism reacts differently to different processes. both changes and consequences in people are usually individual.

Women often feel sick during pregnancy. If the attacks of nausea are severe and frequent, you should visit your gynecologist

Note! Even the most innocuous causes of nausea should receive special attention. Discomfort is not normal if the body is completely healthy.

Features of nausea in diseases

Nausea can be caused by:

The listed characteristics of the manifestations of diseases may differ, since Every body has its own way of dealing with diseases., therefore, the symptoms may be different or manifest to a lesser extent.

Important to remember! Even if the symptoms are exactly the same as those described in the article, you can not resort to self-medication. The fact is that many diseases are similar in their symptoms, while their treatment is significantly different.

Features of nausea by time of day

Features of discomfort can vary from time of day. If you constantly feel sick without the occurrence of vomiting and other symptoms at a certain period of the day, then this will allow you to more accurately determine the cause of this discomfort.

If nausea appears on the road, then you should use a special bracelet

If nausea constantly haunts the body, then it is possible to trace its dependence on certain actions of a person, For example:

• meal,
• transport ride,
• work in uncomfortable conditions
• stress, and more.

Usually nausea is aggravated by these processes. If you constantly feel sick, regardless of these actions, then the reason is more serious and should consult a doctor even if nausea without vomiting and other symptoms.

There can be many reasons for nausea in the morning.

Starting from the most harmless, such as overeating before bed or, conversely, a strong feeling of hunger, ending with more serious signs of illness.

A large amount of alcohol provokes the appearance of nausea.

Excess alcoholic beverages before going to bed - a completely accurate sign of morning sickness. Very often morning sickness becomes clear sign pregnancy. Do not take medication on an empty stomach, as this can also cause nausea.

But if constant nausea is tiring, exhausting, and it does not depend on the above factors, then the cause should be sought in your health, or rather, problems with it.

Causes of nausea after eating

When eating fatty and heavy foods, and even in excess, even in absolutely healthy person discomfort may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the diet and eat small portions of food, this will help to avoid nausea.

If nausea occurs after eating, then you should pay attention to nutrition. Might have to stick with special diet

If the described action did not help, and after any meal there is a feeling of constant nausea, then this is a common symptom of almost all diseases. gastrointestinal tract. Such diseases cannot be self-diagnosed because their symptoms are very similar to each other.

Even if everything passes without vomiting and other symptoms, you should think about a comprehensive examination.

Nausea in the evening and at night

Basically, all pain and uncomfortable feelings intensify in the evening, including feelings of nausea. Very often, evening and nighttime nausea occurs after a strong overstrain during the day, due to severe overwork.

If you have a bout of nausea, peppermint oil can help.

This can be caused by an irregular working day, which leads to fatigue and exhaustion. One reason could be overeating. in the evening, since in the afternoon the human metabolism is already less active, including the work of the stomach, which is difficult to cope with the processing of excessive food intake.

In the evening, and especially before bedtime, you need to eat light food and in small amounts, it will relieve overeating and discomfort. Nausea may occur due to taking medications during the day or their adverse reaction.

If that's not the reason, need to be examined by a doctor to identify the source of this discomfort. Causes of nausea in the evening can be various diseases, ranging from dysbacteriosis and ending with inflammation of appendicitis.

If nausea persists, see a doctor

In any case, this symptom should not be ignored. in order to cure it in time and without harmful consequences in case of a disease.

Nausea is a rather uncomfortable feeling, especially when it constantly occurs for a long time.

This ailment cannot be ignored, as it not only brings discomfort, but can also signal a serious illness or disorder in the body.

Only with proper diagnosis and observation of a doctor, the true causes of nausea can be identified and get rid of these unpleasant feelings.

The following video will talk about the causes of constant nausea:

This video will tell you what diseases constant nausea is a sign of:

The following video will tell you about the main signs of anorexia nervosa:

Quite often, adults have a feeling of nausea, belching, and then vomiting. The reasons for this phenomenon are many and they are quite diverse. For example, vomiting can be a symptom of intoxication or cancer, or it can be caused by a strong emotional shock. In order not to miss the onset of the development of the disease, it is necessary to establish exactly what caused vomiting.

Causes

Taking into account the causes of vomiting, it is divided into two types: visceral and toxic.

• visceral vomiting occurs due to irritation of the soft palate, tongue, pancreas, gastric mucosa. Vomiting is dangerous, provoked by the development of oncological diseases of the stomach and intestines, since in this case the motor activity of the contents of the digestive tract is disturbed. Usually such vomiting occurs after eating, and bile and blood can be found in the vomit. With advanced and severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, vomit may exude an unpleasant odor and be black; after such vomiting, a feeling of relief does not occur.
• toxic vomiting- this is the body's response to poisoning with heavy metals, acids, alkalis, ethyl alcohol. It happens that this type of vomiting is caused by severe somatic diseases: diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes, chronic renal failure. Sometimes, with toxic exposure, an adult experiences frequent bouts of vomiting, which are accompanied by severe pain. In the vomit, green mucus, foam, blood clots are observed. In this case, the person feels dizzy, headache, weakness. Body temperature can drop sharply or, on the contrary, rise.

Diseases that cause vomiting are divided into the following groups:

• Diseases of the digestive system: peritonitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis, gastritis.
• Diseases nervous system: increased intracranial pressure, brain tumor, brain contusion, concussion, meningitis, encephalitis.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system: heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension.
• Violation of the vestibular apparatus and diseases of the inner ear: Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis.
• Endocrine disorders: insufficient functioning of the adrenal glands, phenylketonuria, thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease), diabetes mellitus, accompanied by ketoacidosis.
• Vomiting of pregnant women: observed in the first trimester of pregnancy, and is a symptom of toxicosis, or occurs in the third trimester and indicates the development of preeclampsia.
• Psychogenic causes: any strong emotion or nervous shock, bulimia, anorexia.
• Other diseases: pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, cystitis, past abdominal surgery

In some cases, severe vomiting can be a side effect of taking medicines: Theophylline, painkillers (anelgizers), estrogen, ferrous sulfate, potassium preparations. Motion sickness or motion sickness can also cause vomiting.

What to do

In case of severe vomiting, you should immediately call a doctor. In such a state, it is recommended to completely refuse food and regularly wash the stomach. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate if you feel severe weakness and dizziness, there was a loss of consciousness.

Drink plenty of fluids between bouts of vomiting to prevent dehydration. Moreover, it should be consumed in small sips, little by little, but often. If you drink a lot of liquid at one time, this can provoke repeated vomiting. If even a small amount of liquid causes vomiting, you can prevent dehydration by putting a piece of ice in your mouth.

Doctors recommend drinking liquids containing electrolytes when vomiting, as this will help restore the balance of minerals and vitamins. Choose drinks that are high in potassium and sodium. It could be:

• apple juice diluted with water;
• weak black, green, ginger tea;
• still mineral water;
• low-fat broth;
• tonic syrups and drinks, for example, syrup Emetrol;
• electrolyte solution diluted from powder Regidron, Rex Vital, Normohydron, Electrolyte, Hydrovit.

Do not drink acidic drinks during vomiting, such as lemonade or orange juice. But a spoonful of honey added to tea will only increase its effect. Sucking on mints and chewing gum will help to suppress the feeling of nausea and the subsequent episode of vomiting.

After the attack stops, try eating some saltine crackers and watch your body react. If vomiting occurs again, it is better to refuse to eat food that day. If the digestive tract responded normally to food, you can eat in small portions.

Within a few days after vomiting, you must follow a diet. The diet should not contain salty, fried, fatty, smoked foods, excessively hot and cold foods. In cases where vomiting was accompanied by diarrhea, it is necessary to exclude dairy products, as they negatively affect the functioning of the digestive tract. Compliance with the regime of the day, regular ventilation of the room helps to quickly restore strength after vomiting.

The reflex act of vomiting arose in the process of human evolution and is always preceded by nausea. Both nausea and vomiting are subcortical reflexes, therefore, they cannot be suppressed by an effort of will, and the human consciousness cannot control them. The main purpose of vomiting is to cleanse the body of toxins, poisons, chemical compounds that got into it from the outside or produced by its own tissues and organs.

Various pathologies and conditions manifest themselves as nausea and vomiting. These may be the only symptoms of the disease, or reflex acts appear in combination with other signs. Vomiting is always preceded by nausea, a feeling that is difficult to confuse with other sensations. Symptoms of nausea are “sucking in the stomach”, salivation (saliva secretion) increases, the person becomes pale, throws him into a cold sweat, a feeling of faintness and a fainting state increase.

Vomiting is the ejection of stomach contents through the esophagus and mouth. It is manifested by seizures, which are caused by contractions of the abdominal muscles. Vomiting is accompanied by pain in the stomach, the person is covered with sticky cold sweat. During vomiting, the larynx and soft palate rise, and the epiglottis descends, which protects Airways from ingestion of vomit.

The vomiting center located in one of the ventricles of the brain is responsible for the occurrence of this complex reflex. It is excited when exposed to impulses from the labyrinth of the inner ear, from mental stimuli, chemical reactions, excited by the ingress of poisons, toxins, drugs into the blood, as well as by irritation of individual receptors in various parts of the body. The most sensitive receptors are on back wall pharynx, they are also supplied with the peritoneum, vessels of the mesentery, bile ducts.

Causes of nausea and vomiting:

Pathologies and damage to various parts of the central nervous system;

Food, drug, alcohol intoxication;

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Psychogenic causes;

Very strong pain any origin.

Vomiting is not a specific symptom, but the assessment of its characteristics in combination with other manifestations and the study of vomit can greatly facilitate the diagnosis of diseases.

What disease can persistent vomiting indicate?

There are various groups of diseases that occur with constant vomiting. Depending on the nature of its occurrence and features, the disease is diagnosed:

Central vomiting-, hypertensive crisis, brain tumors and abscess, damage to the inner ear;

psychogenic vomiting- hysterical neurosis, bouts of cyclic vomiting in children;

Hematogenous-toxic vomiting-, acetonemic vomiting with, porphyria, carbon monoxide poisoning, alcohol, drugs, cytostatics, radiopaque substances, exposure to toxins of viruses and bacteria in infectious lesions;

Visceral vomiting- pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (,), diseases of the biliary and urinary tract, atony and;

Vomiting with a putrid odor – ;

Vomiting with fecal odor- intestinal obstruction;

Hematemesis -;

Vomiting with bile - complications after surgery on the stomach, biliary colic, narrowing of the duodenum 12;

Vomiting with undigested food- gastric achilia, achalasia of the esophagus.

To clarify the diagnosis, a bacteriological, chemical, cytological study of vomit is carried out, the relationship of vomiting with food intake is studied (vomiting morning, early, late, on an empty stomach, nocturnal and cyclic).

Why can there be vomiting of water?

This type of vomiting is extremely rare, except for artificially induced vomiting during gastric lavage.

Causes of Vomiting Water in Children:

Colds;

Teething;

Pathology of the ear, throat, nose.

All these reasons are due to the ingestion of a large amount of mucus into the stomach. It drains from the nose and mouth through the throat and esophagus into the stomach. Irritation of its mucous membrane causes vomiting. The result is vomiting water without impurities.

In the absence of visible causes of the disease, this symptom manifests itself due to excessive dryness of the air, exposure to air in frosty weather, and also due to an allergic reaction. In this case, the release of a large amount of mucus is a protective reaction of the body to the negative impact. environment. Then everything happens according to the algorithm described above - mucus irritates the gastric mucosa, where it gets in excess.

It is not difficult to eliminate this symptom in children, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for life and cure the pathology of the ENT organs.

If vomiting of water is diagnosed in an adult, this may be due to long breaks between meals. Gastric juice is secreted reflexively, and the longer the break between meals, the more juice is formed in the stomach. If a large amount of juice causes vomiting, it may appear that this is vomiting water. Visually, these liquids almost do not differ from each other.

For various reasons, a person does not feel that he is hungry, however, the body needs food. This condition leads to excessive production of gastric juice and vomiting that looks like water.

Can there be vomiting with mucus and why?

The admixture of mucus is found in many pathologies in both children and adults. Diseases in which vomiting with mucus is diagnosed:

Diet disorders in chronic gastritis;

Damage to the mucous membrane by alkalis or acids (suicide attempt, accident).

Vomiting with mucus in infants is a variant of the norm. However, in this age group, such vomiting may be the result of mucus accumulation during inflammation of the bronchi. infant cannot cough it up due to age. When children use products of a special consistency (milk, jelly, fruit juices with pulp), vomiting with mucus is also observed.

Can there be black vomit and is it dangerous?

Black vomit may be a sign of a serious pathology or have physiological reason appearance. Some foods stain vomiting black: chocolate, berries with dark pulp, etc. Knowing about their use on the eve of vomiting, you can only focus on stopping this unpleasant symptom.

Vomiting in the form of "coffee grounds" is a great danger. It indicates bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. The peculiar appearance of blood indicates that it has oxidized and coagulated under the influence of gastric juice.

Diseases that cause bleeding in the digestive tract:

Neoplasms of any etiology (tumors,);

Injury to the mucous membrane of the stomach or intestines;

hemorrhagic disease;

Ulcerative lesion of the stomach or small intestine;

Side effects drugs that can cause damage to the stomach or intestines (Indomethacin, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, drugs, steroid hormones);

Gastric or intestinal bleeding is accompanied by dizziness, weakness. The patient's skin becomes pale, a feeling of apathy appears, a person may fall into. These symptoms are a reason to immediately call an ambulance, as delay can be life-threatening. If black vomit is the only symptom, you should still see a doctor as soon as possible.

At what disease can there be a temperature of 38 and vomiting?

Diseases in which there is a combination of vomiting and high fever:

Acute appendicitis;

Acute respiratory viral infection;

In the vast majority of cases, these symptoms are observed precisely with infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Children can react with vomiting to fast in any inflammatory process.

The initial manifestations of an intestinal infection and a viral disease are very similar: in both cases, hyperthermia, redness of the throat, and vomiting are observed. Specific symptoms appear a little later.

In any case, when vomiting is combined with a temperature of 38, it is urgent to call for "emergency care". It is impossible to differentiate poisoning from an attack of appendicitis without a medical examination. Acute appendicitis requires urgent surgical intervention, serious poisoning involves treatment in a hospital.

Antibiotic drugs have a large number of side effects, and vomiting occurs with the use of these drugs along with other symptoms.

Causes of vomiting while taking antibiotics:

Vomiting is a side effect of a particular drug;

There is an incompatibility of the antibiotic with concomitantly taken drugs from other pharmacological groups;

During antibiotic therapy, there was a violation of the diet or there was alcohol consumption.

The appearance of vomiting directly depends on the form in which the drug is taken. Antibiotics in the form of tablets are more likely to cause vomiting than the same drugs used in the form of injections. Do not refuse a particular medicine if its oral use causes vomiting. It is worth trying intravenous or intramuscular administration. Adjusting the dosage in the direction of reducing the volume or frequency of taking the drug will reduce the risk of this unpleasant side effect, but at the same time, the effectiveness of treatment may suffer.

Antibiotics that can cause vomiting:

Amoxicillin;

Azithromycin (Sumamed);

Tetracycline;

Streptomycin;

Ciprofloxacin (Tsiprobay, Tsiprinol, Tsiprolet);

Ampicillin;

Erythromycin;

Metronidazole (Trichopolum, Metrogyl);

Neomycin;

Cefpodoxime (Cefodox);

Gentamicin;

Doxycycline.

Drugs that provoke vomiting when used simultaneously with antibiotics:

NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Diclofenac, Indomethacin);

cardiac glycosides;

Estrogens;

Potassium sulfate, iron sulfate;

Antivirals.

Alcohol and eating fatty foods during antibiotic therapy provokes vomiting and exacerbates this side effect.

Can the temperature rise after vomiting and why?

An increase in temperature after vomiting indicates that there is poisoning, hepatitis, intestinal infection (salmonellosis, dysentery). Poisoning with poor-quality food manifests itself as diarrhea, a combination of nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain. An increase in temperature can be observed after vomiting. This suggests that toxins have entered the bloodstream. Despite the fact that an attack of vomiting somewhat reduced the amount of poisons that entered the body, even minimal amount can cause hyperthermia.

Activities for detoxification of the body:

Gastric lavage;

Taking diuretics (Furosemide);

Reception of sorbents (Polysorb, Enterosgel).

If these measures did not give the desired effect, and the temperature did not return to normal, most likely, the cause of hyperthermia is an intestinal infection (dysentery, salmonellosis) or viral hepatitis. To clarify the diagnosis, you need to consult with an infectious disease specialist.

Can worms cause vomiting?

Worm infestations provoke vomiting in both children and adults. Its appearance is specific - it is a foamy discharge of white color. It does not appear immediately after infection, but after 2-3 weeks.

At the first stage, a sick person may develop a dry cough and dermatitis, similar in appearance to hives with allergies. At the end of the first stage, these symptoms are accompanied by nausea, copious excretion saliva, signs of anxiety.

Complications and consequences of vomiting

Short-term vomiting does not cause significant harm to the human body. Prolonged vomiting, on the contrary, causes serious metabolic disorders.

Complications and consequences of prolonged vomiting:

There is a decrease in the volume of intracellular fluid, the loss of hydrogen ions, alkalosis develops - a change in the acid-base balance towards alkaline substances;

As a result of the loss of potassium and its excessive excretion by the kidneys, hypokalemia occurs;

Metabolic disorders lead to loss of consciousness and;

As a result of hypokalemia, arrhythmia, muscle weakness, nocturnal polyuria appear - an increase in the volume of urine excreted along with frequent nocturnal urination;

In severe vomiting, rupture of the mucosa of the esophagus, transmural rupture of the esophagus, rupture of the mucous membrane of the esophageal-gastric junction, accompanied by heavy bleeding, is possible.

These complications are especially relevant for children, debilitated patients, the elderly. Mentally disturbed patients may aspirate vomit into the respiratory tract. These complications lead to respiratory disorders, the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia.

With the help of vomiting, the human body is released from toxic substances.

An exception is vestibular disorders during motion sickness, a condition after a traumatic brain injury, severe nervous strain, stress.

First aid rules:

You can not stop the vomiting act, you should wait for its completion;

After this, the person needs to be seated, cover the chest and knees with a towel or clean rags, put a bucket, a basin at an accessible distance;

If a person suffering from an attack of vomiting can only be in a prone position, care should be taken to keep his head below chest level;

An unconscious patient should tilt his head to one side so that he does not choke on vomit;

After each attack, you need to rinse your mouth with cool water;

Bed rest for such attacks is observed only when feeling unwell;

To stop vomiting, apply Motilium, Cerucal, mint drops, Scopolamine (with motion sickness), if necessary, a sorbent (activated charcoal).

Particular caution should be shown if there are blood impurities in the vomit, they look like coffee grounds. This is a sign of gastric bleeding, such a condition requires immediate medical attention. medical care. The loss of large amounts of fluid during vomiting leads to dehydration. It is necessary to return the lost fluid as soon as possible with plenty of fluids and restore the optimal concentration of mineral salts.

Solutions for the relief of mineral deficiency:

Regidron, Trisol - normalizes water and electrolyte balance, prevents dehydration;

Gastrolit - in addition to the above properties, it has an anti-inflammatory effect, since the drug contains chamomile extract. Gastrolit is poured with boiling water and infused until completely cooled;

Salt solution of own preparation - add 1 tsp to 1 liter of boiled water. salt, 1/2 tsp. soda, 7 tsp. sugar, mix thoroughly until the components are completely dissolved.

Any saline solution should be drunk in small sips at intervals of 5-10 minutes. You can alternate this drink with unsweetened tea or 5% glucose solution. This technique will help to avoid an overabundance of salts.

How to stop vomiting?

This symptom occurs for many reasons. You can eliminate vomiting by applying in each case a specific etiotropic treatment aimed at combating the cause of the disease. If the cause could not be identified, symptomatic agents are used to stop vomiting.

Antiemetics:

In case of violation in the work of the vestibular apparatus, causing vomiting during motion sickness, Scopolamine, Ciel are taken. The optimal dose is 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day. Contraindications to the use of the drug Ciel - driving a car, as it reduces the concentration of attention;

Vomiting after chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, as well as repeated bouts of vomiting against the background of gastroenteritis, are eliminated with Emetron and Setronon. Main active substance of these funds - ondansetron, release form - tablets, injection solution. Contraindications - hepatitis of various etiologies;

Vomiting, the appearance of which is associated with the work of the central nervous system, is successfully stopped by the drugs Motilium and Cerucal. It can occur with migraine, traumatic brain injury, atony of the stomach, gastroenteritis. Preparations are taken 1 tablet before meals 3-4 times a day;

Vomiting, as a symptom of the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, is eliminated with the drug Cisapride (Coordinax). The remedy is more effective than Cerucal and Motilium, but its spectrum of action is limited by the digestive system. Scheme of application - 1-2 tablets before meals;

It is probably impossible to find a person who would not be familiar with such a condition as nausea. Moreover, the causes of nausea are not always obvious at first glance. It is rare that this condition quickly passes by itself, and it is quite unpleasant when nausea haunts a person constantly.

We will talk with you about what factors cause nausea, its causes (except pregnancy, including), and how to get rid of it.

If nausea haunts you constantly, the reasons for this most often lie in diseases of the digestive system, although, of course, there are cases of neurological disorders, disorders of the endocrine system and the functioning of the heart, in which, along with other symptoms, a feeling of nausea appears.

Nausea - causes

As you know, you can get rid of any symptom if you act on the cause of its appearance. Nausea is no exception.

1. Ulcer and gastritis

If you are haunted by nausea after eating, the reasons for this lie precisely in these inflammatory processes. Along with nausea, there will be such symptoms: heaviness in the abdomen, a feeling of fullness after eating. On an empty stomach, you may feel a burning sensation in the stomach area.

A specialist will help you determine the diagnosis by conducting a series of studies. And also you should forget about spicy, smoked and fatty foods for now and switch to a dietary diet.

1. Problems with the gallbladder

V this case nausea appears even in the process of eating, along with a feeling of fullness from the inside. Concomitant symptoms: metallic taste in the mouth or bitterness, gas formation, pain from the right hypochondrium, heartburn.

1. Symptom of poisoning or intestinal infection

After some time after eating, a person begins to experience nausea, which results in vomiting. Pain is noticeably felt in the navel area, dizziness, weakness appear, the temperature may rise to 37-38 °. In this condition, it is necessary to take measures, because diarrhea and dehydration will be added to it.

To start, drink a couple of glasses in small sips. warm water need to induce vomiting. Then your task is to fill in the missing liquid: drink water, fruit drinks, weak teas. Also, two to four tablets will help you. activated carbon. If it is not possible to get rid of vomiting and bile is found in it, dizziness has begun - this may indicate that a serious infection has entered the body (salmonellosis, for example), in this case it is worth calling an ambulance.

1. Inflammatory processes in the kidneys

This cause of nausea is not related to food intake. In some cases, nausea can lead to vomiting. An important symptom that says that the cause of this nausea is inflammation in the kidneys is lower back pain and problems with urination.

1. Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas

In people suffering from this problem, nausea, along with bloating, appears after eating, accompanied by pain in the right hypochondrium and the appearance of bitterness in the mouth.

1. Hypertension

With this disease, constant nausea is possible, which most often appears in the morning. Then in the morning, a person with hypertension can observe swelling and redness of the face, increased fatigue, and dizziness often appears.

1. Taking certain medications

If you read the annotation for the medicines you buy, you will notice that many of them can provoke nausea as a side effect. These drugs include antibiotics, anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory drugs, iron-containing drugs, some vitamin complexes, etc.

1. concussion

If you hit your head badly and feel dizzy and constantly nauseous all the time, see your doctor right away.

1. Symptom of appendicitis

Regardless of food, nausea can occur in patients with appendicitis, in some cases nausea will turn into vomiting. The pain will first appear in the upper abdomen, then it will gradually move to its lower right side. An increase in temperature to 37-38 ° is another symptom of appendicitis.

1. Problems with the vestibular apparatus

Sharp dizziness and nausea are frequent companions of a sudden change in body position when you roll over to the other side or get out of bed. Other signs include the appearance of tinnitus, problems with balance, "flies" before the eyes, inability to focus on a moving object for a long time.

1. Symptom of heart attack and heart failure

With these problems, even after vomiting, nausea remains, it is accompanied by pain in the upper abdomen. With heart failure, such signs are not uncommon: pale skin, hiccups, a feeling of suffocation.

1. Migraine

Nausea may be accompanied by mild dizziness. If you have nausea due to headaches, a quiet dark room and a drug prescribed by a neurologist can “save” you.

1. Stress

Many have noticed how, with strong excitement and emotional arousal, they begin to feel nauseous. It is worth calming down, breathing deeply, adrenaline in the body decreases and nausea goes away.

1. One of the symptoms of meningitis

Add to nausea heat- from 38 °, photophobia, a feeling of squeezing in the occipital region.

1. Hypothyroidism - thyroid problems

Nausea may accompany constantly, although not pronounced. Appetite may be absent, but weight is still gaining, a constant feeling of drowsiness, fatigue, in hot weather it is cold, in some cases anemia is possible.

1. Pregnancy

Although there is an opinion that nausea is a frequent companion of almost all pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, this is not so. Not all pregnant women suffer from bouts of nausea. But if you are unlucky with this, there is consolation that by the time you are 12-13 weeks old, the nausea will leave you alone.

1. Tumors

Long-lasting nausea and vomiting is a characteristic symptom malignant tumor. Not only a tumor, but also a blockage, an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract can cause an attack of nausea.

1. Sugary food on an empty stomach can also trigger nausea. In this case, eat a piece of some unsweetened fruit.

1. Hunger

Although nausea usually causes a lack of appetite, hunger can also cause nausea due to a sharp drop in blood sugar levels.

In addition to describing the causes of nausea, there is also a division into types:

Types of nausea

"Nausea of ​​the brain", the reason is brain disorders (atherosclerosis, hypertension, brain tumor). In almost all cases, it is accompanied by an increase in intracranial and arterial pressure.

"Toxic Nausea"- due to poisoning with food or endogenous poisons.

"Nausea exchange"- a consequence of unbalanced nutrition, starvation diets, hypovitaminosis, diabetes, metabolic disorders.

"Vestibular nausea"- as a manifestation of neuroses. This type of nausea is often characteristic of women during pregnancy and menopause.

"Reflex nausea"- a consequence of active irritation of receptors, as well as inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Regularly appears after eating in general or the consumption of certain foods.

Nausea during pregnancy

If a pregnant woman is accompanied by nausea, then most often it appears in the morning, although it may be present constantly throughout the day until the evening. Some pregnant women react to pungent odors with nausea.

The causes of nausea during pregnancy in almost all cases include:

• The habit of eating harmful foods, both before pregnancy and during processes, is not proper nutrition.
• Inflammatory processes in the genitals.
• Stress, lack of sleep and excessive fatigue,
• Problems with the endocrine system,
• Cold.

If a pregnant woman reacts with an attack of nausea to a sharp or strong smell - this is just a sign of an aggravated sense of smell, there is nothing to be done about it.

Toxicosis and nausea of ​​pregnant women is, of course, not a disease. However, they can and should be dealt with, otherwise they can disrupt the normal course of pregnancy and harm the unborn child. And the harm is brought not so much by nausea as by vomiting, when beneficial substances are excreted from the body.

The first thing a woman herself can do is switch to proper nutrition, which should be balanced, and if you really want to eat something not quite healthy (chocolate, for example), then eat a piece, not the whole bar.

The second thing that the environment of a pregnant woman can do is to help get rid of all possible provocateurs of nausea.

Most often, nausea occurs on an empty stomach (due to low blood sugar). Sometimes it is enough to eat something to fill the stomach at least a little, and the nausea goes away. But, unfortunately, this does not always help, so you can do something else:

If you feel sick in the morning, try eating a piece of stale bread, a cracker or a dry cracker, as well as nuts, dried fruits or fresh fruits without getting out of bed. Sometimes peppermint tea helps.

If, along with nausea during pregnancy, you suffer from dizziness, severe heartburn, fainting, sudden pressure surges and excessive dryness of the skin, consult your doctor.

Causes of nausea in children

Many parents mistakenly believe that their child cannot yet have health problems, because they get nausea and vomiting only because of food poisoning. However, this is not the case.

1. Children may have increased intracranial pressure. Then the nausea appears in the morning along with the headache.

1. The vestibular apparatus - if there are problems with it, nausea in children appears in transport. Do not feed such a child before the trip, seat him closer to the driver, ask him to look straight ahead and let's drink water from time to time.

1. Stress. Children often feel sick if they are very scared, offended, or feel guilty - this is how they try to isolate themselves from trouble. Breathing exercises or a simple paper bag can help here.

1. Allergic reaction. Nausea - as a result of intolerance to any product. An allergist will help you determine which one.

1. Excessive intake of food. Nausea from overeating is common in children. If the child does not want to eat up, then forget about the "society of clean plates." You will make him finish eating, you will feel pride from the satisfaction of your parental will, and then the child will feel sick ...

1. Dehydration. Children often, having played and sweating, can feel an attack of nausea, immediately let them drink plain water, this will help to remove the attack.

How to get rid of nausea folk remedies?

• First of all, many people remember ammonia - it is inhaled through the nose. Under the tongue, you can put a validol tablet or suck a mint candy.
• You can prepare such a decoction: boil 250 ml of milk and put 1 tsp in it. nettle, boil on low heat for 5 minutes, take 1/3 of the broth immediately, and then drink 1 tbsp every two to three hours. this decoction until the nausea subsides.
• A decoction with ginger root helps a lot: grind it and pour 300 ml of freshly boiled water, let it brew for a while until it cools to room temperature, and drink it in small sips.
• Collecting herbs will also help in the treatment of nausea: you need to take chamomile (2 tsp), rosemary (1 tsp) and sage (1 tsp), pour 500 ml of boiling water over them, 15-20 minutes. insist and drink in small sips every quarter of an hour.
• At the first sign of nausea, many are helped by mixed with 0.5 tsp. table soda juice of 0.5 lemon.
• Or you can just mix 0.5 tsp. soda with 250 ml of warm water and drink in small sips.
• You can also try to get rid of nausea by drinking 15 drops of mint tincture dissolved in water.
• Peppermint is good for nausea in the form of an infusion: take dry mint leaves (1 tablespoon), pour boiling water over them (250 ml) and let it infuse for two hours. After that, the infusion must be filtered. Used three to four times a day, 1 tbsp.

As you can imagine, it is not difficult to get rid of temporary bouts of nausea. However, if nausea haunts you constantly and painfully, consult a doctor, he will be able to determine the causes of nausea and the best option for its treatment. This state of affairs is not to be tolerated. A relatively “mild” symptom of a disturbance in the body, such as nausea, is much easier to deal with, until this violation develops into a serious problem.

Vomiting is a complex reflex act necessary to remove toxic substances from the stomach, but it can occur due to various functional, organic disorders. Often it is preceded by nausea. These symptoms accompany all sorts of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and nervous systems, and even infectious diseases (especially in children). To get rid of these unpleasant manifestations, it is necessary to determine the type of nausea and vomiting (this will help determine the cause), and then the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Why Vomiting and Nausea Occurs

Sometimes nausea occurs due to irritation of the vestibular apparatus. So, it is this process that underlies seasickness.

Most often, nausea precedes vomiting, but it happens that vomiting occurs without the unpleasant sensation of a lump rolling up to the throat. Sometimes there is no vomiting after nausea. These painful symptoms arise due to the activation of the center of vomiting, and not only pathological processes serve as a stimulus, but also:

• disgusting sensations (gustatory, visual, olfactory);
• irritation of the vestibular apparatus and interoreceptors (seasickness).

Also, a special chemoreceptor zone, the trigger zone, is interconnected with the center of vomiting. Toxins that enter the stomach stimulate chemoreceptors, the signal from which enters the trigger zone. Mediators are released in it and the vomiting center is stimulated, from which impulses are sent to the abdominal muscles. They contract and push the contents of the stomach out. The stomach itself does not take part in the reflex act.

This is not a complete list of all those functional disorders and pathologies accompanied by vomiting and nausea. These unpleasant symptoms can even be psychogenic, arising from strong emotional experiences, nervous overstrain. That is why, in order to accurately determine the cause, it is necessary to undergo an examination.

What is vomiting and nausea

In the pathology of the digestive tract, vomiting occurs, as a rule, due to the use of heavy, fried, fatty foods, and the patient usually feels relieved after vomiting.

Nausea and vomiting most often occur due to pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and the appearance of toxins in the blood. There are such types of these painful manifestations:

• visceral;
• central origin;
• hematogenous-toxic.

The clinical manifestations of these types of vomiting are different. For differential diagnosis you need to pay attention to such signs:

1. When vomiting occurs. Its appearance is provoked by certain foods (for example, fatty foods), it appears in the morning or at any time of the day, regardless of the meal, or immediately after a meal. For example, if the subcardiac part of the stomach is affected, vomiting begins shortly after eating, and in case of pyloric pathology, after 2–2.5 hours.
2. Nausea can be an independent symptom or precede vomiting. Sometimes, to alleviate the condition, patients themselves induce vomiting. In some diseases, nausea does not precede vomiting. For example, strong gushing vomiting that occurs without a feeling of its approach indicates an increase in intracranial pressure.
3. Does the patient's condition improve after vomiting.
4. The nature of the vomit. It is necessary to determine their acidity, whether they contain impurities of bile, blood or undigested food.
5. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental signs of the underlying disease. The patient is sent to take a blood test, urine. If a pathology of the gastrointestinal tract is suspected, it is recommended. With vomiting of central origin, a study of the nervous system (nystagmus, examination of the fundus) is necessary.

Careful examination and questioning of the patient helps the clinician most accurately determine the type and cause of vomiting and nausea:

1. Esophageal vomiting that occurs with stricture, it is not preceded by nausea. It appears after eating, not abundant. In the vomit there are undigested pieces of food, it has an alkaline or neutral environment.
2. Gastric. It is usually preceded by nausea. It appears 1-1.5 hours after eating, at the height of digestion. The vomit is acidic and contains partially digested pieces of food. The presence of blood in them, as a rule, indicates. After vomiting, the patient feels relief. With tumors of the stomach and esophagus, vomit has a putrefactive character.
3. With pyloric stenosis, vomit is neutral or alkaline reaction. They contain a large amount of undigested and partially digested food eaten the day before (food leftovers can even be from food eaten the day before the onset of the attack). Vomiting in this case is profuse.
4. Due to a violation of the patency of the duodenum, bile is found in the vomit. Especially if the pathology has arisen distal to the nipple of Vater.
5. Visceral vomiting caused by pathology of the liver, bile ducts, renal colic does not alleviate the patient's condition.
6. Vomiting of central origin occurs at altitude due to increased intracranial pressure. It often happens without nausea preceding it and does not alleviate the patient's condition.
7. Hematogenous-toxic vomiting, especially in children under one year old, is one of the main symptoms infectious disease. It is accompanied by an increase in temperature and the presence of other signs (for example, cough, runny nose with or acute respiratory infections).

It should be remembered that vomiting is not only a painful symptom of the disease. It can lead to dire consequences:

• Prolonged vomiting causes dehydration, alkalosis, disruption of the heart.
• Intensive - causes rupture of the esophagus and other serious consequences.
• In children of the first year of life, vomiting can cause death.

Therefore, there are many different tablets for nausea and vomiting. But the doctor will prescribe them after he determines the type of these unpleasant symptoms and the reason for which they arose.

Conclusion

Vomiting and nausea is a reflex act necessary to protect the body from poisoning, because it is not for nothing that it is caused by unpleasant taste, olfactory sensations. It occurs with a disorder of the vestibular apparatus, but most often indicates the presence of a pathological process. Which one, the specialist will determine. When these unpleasant and painful symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a therapist, a gastroenterologist.

With vomiting of central origin, you need to be examined by a neurologist, less often - by a psychiatrist. If there is a suspicion of acute myocardial infarction, the help of a cardiologist will be required. And already these specialists will determine why nausea and vomiting arose and how to get rid of them.