Famous personalities of all times. Outstanding people of our time. Outstanding Russian people. The most famous person in the world

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This article is dedicated to ten significant persons who, undoubtedly, have left a huge mark on the lives of many people on this planet. Perhaps the proposed choice will seem rather one-sided to someone, but this is not surprising, since all significant persons referred to in this article are considered as such in the opinion of Americans... In other words, one can dispute the fact that not a single Russian person was included in this list, but one cannot but agree that all the people represented in this list had a huge impact (including negative) on many spheres of life of various people on our planet.

10. Bill Gates

It is known that Bill Gates, born in 1955, created his first computer programwhile still a high school student. The well-known company "Microsoft Corporation" (Microsoft Corporation), one of the founders of which is Bill Gates, appeared in 1975, and 18 years later, in 1993, Gates was officially declared the richest man on Earth... Despite the highly ambiguous attitude towards the products offered by the Gates Corporation, it cannot be denied that this person not only made a real revolution in computer software, but also did many good and useful things. For example, Bill, with his own money, founded several of the largest charitable foundations with good goals around the world (for example, the fight against polio, and so on).

9. Martin Luther King (1929-1968)

Despite the fact that Martin Luther King was an American citizen who actively fought for the rights of black residents, against racial discrimination and racism, this man became known far beyond the borders of the United States of America. He was a real ideological fighter who was inspired by his spiritual mentor and fighter for the independence of India, Mahatma Gandhi. Despite the extremely acute problem of racial discrimination against blacks in the United StatesKing has always advocated peaceful methods of solving the issue, while being an unsurpassed speaker. In 1964, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. And, despite the fact that King was killed in 1968, he is still remembered, because, according to many, this person managed to achieve the impossible, forcing the white population of America to listen and respect the opinion of the black population.

8. Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela, born in 1918, was another equally famous human rights activist who dedicated his life to tough opposition to apartheid - a policy of racial suppression of certain groups in South Africa, in which black people did not even have the right to vote. For his tough, intransigent stance against the racist government Mandela was arrested in 1964. The future president of the Republic of South Africa emerged from the torture chambers only 26 years later, and was almost immediately elected the leader of the state. In 1993, Nelson Mandela also received the Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to the fight against apartheid.

7. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)

The German leader, who came to power in 1933, left, undoubtedly, not only one of the most significant traces in the history of mankind, but also the bloodiest and most destructive trail. Fierce hatred of Jews, hypertrophied ideas about the right to the advantage of the Aryan race on our planet, as well as a manic commitment to their ideas - all this led to the death of tens of millions of people in Eastern Europe. And although the devilish plans of Adolf Hitler were not destined to come true, this person is unlikely to be erased from human memory (as well as many other dictators).

6. Albert Einstein (1879-1955)

Einstein, who is rightfully considered the greatest physicist of all times and peoples, has become a real symbol of genius. When Albert Einstein succeeded in 1919 to prove one of his most significant works - the general theory of relativity - scientists all over the world recognized the genius of this man, as a result of which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physics in 1921. Unfortunately, despite the fact that Einstein was an undeniable pacifist, his scientific research later helped other researchers to create an atomic bomb. Einstein was so weighed down by this fact that a week before his death, in a letter addressed to Bertrand Russell, a British philosopher and an ardent supporter of nuclear disarmament, he announced his readiness to sign an appeal to all countries calling for an end to the use of atomic energy in the military. purposes.

5. Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948)

Mahatma Gandhi, the spiritual leader of the Indian people and a fighter for the independence of this country from Great Britain, began his career as an ordinary lawyer, only then taking up political issues. He led a peaceful movement of civil disobedience to the British regime in India, and conducted active negotiations with the leaders of Foggy Albion until 1947when his country gained independence. In fact, Gandhi has become a true embodiment of independence for all Indians at all times! Mahatma Gandhi is also known for his modest lifestyle and calls for religious tolerance, which undoubtedly only contributed to the strengthening of the people's love and people's faith in their leader.

4. Karl Marx (1818-1883)

It can be said without exaggeration that the ideas of the German thinker Karl Marx in the field of economics and sociology changed the world. Marx was one of those social philosophers who were dissatisfied with the bourgeois order of the world, predicting social equality for everyone in the future. Of course, many of us know Marx primarily for his monumental work called Capital, but he became famous and written together with Friedrich Engels, by another German philosopher, a work called "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" (it was from there that the famous phrase - "The ghost wanders Europe - the ghost of communism"). As you know, it was the ideas of Karl Marx that inspired Russian revolutionaries and communists. In 1950, already half of the inhabitants of our planet lived in countries ruled by the communist regime!

3. Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

There is probably no need to explain to anyone that it was Charles Darwin who became the founder of the modern theory of evolution. Of course, it didn't start all at once. The first thoughts on this topic began to form in Darwin at that time, when he went on a trip around the world as a naturalist on the ship of the Royal Navy called the Beagle (1831-1836). And already the rest of his life Darwin devoted to the development of these ideas. The main work of his life, published in 1859 - "The Origin of Species" - provoked a harsh reaction from the conservative society. And this is not surprising: in fact, Darwin spoke openly against the Bible and the version of the divine creation of the surrounding world, replacing it with the theory of the evolutionary development of all living things. It was then that humanity first had to try to comprehend the fact that the direct ancestors of people were great apes (according to Darwin).

2. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

The appearance of William Shakespeare in this list of the most significant people in human history is not accidental. In fact, Shakespeare was voted overwhelmingly as the greatest English-speaking playwright in human history. Given that this dozen was compiled in the opinion of the Americans, this choice is not surprising. But no matter what evil tongues say, Shakespeare, as a writer, had a huge impact on the entire world of drama... He started out as an ordinary actor, and eventually wrote 154 poems and 37 plays, among which the most famous were "Hamlet", "King Lear", "Romeo and Juliet", "Macbeth" and so on. The influence of William Shakespeare was so great that thanks to his work, the English language was replenished with more than 1700 new words.

1. Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)

It would probably be surprising if Christopher Columbus, one of the most famous travelers and discoverers, did not appear on the list of the most significant persons in the world compiled by the Americans. After all, it is believed that it was precisely thanks to his searches for the coast of the so-called Western India that the European settlers discovered two whole continents, which were later called America (and hardly anyone will dare to challenge America's influence on the whole world)... Among other things, Christopher Columbus became famous as a talented navigator. It is believed that of all the authentically famous travelers, it was he who first crossed the Atlantic Ocean, sailed in the Caribbean Sea and generally gave Europe a whole new world.

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Time is a harmful and elusive thing. It always oozes through your fingers and flows away to no one knows where. What if all my life I wanted to write better symphonies than Mozart's, and you have two children in your arms, a wife, a mother, and a burning project?

We are in website are also extremely concerned about this problem: we want to realize ourselves in life, and not choke on a bone. Examples help us not to give up and do great things. famous people, which certainly had enough 24 hours a day.

Leonardo da Vinci

The famous “universal man” will head our list. Recall that Leonardo is an outstanding artist of the Renaissance (does everyone remember Gioconda?), An inventor (all his inventions formed the basis for the construction of modern submarines), a scientist, as well as a writer and musician. He was also the first to explain why the sky is blue: "The blue of the sky is due to the thickness of illuminated air particles, which is located between the Earth and the blackness above." He managed all this thanks to his own developed sleep system: he slept for a total of 2 hours (lights out for 15 minutes several times a day), and in all the rest of his free time he changed the world and himself for the better.

Anton Chekhov

© Braz I.E. Portrait of A.P. Chekhov, 1898

The genius brother of his brother (he had such a pseudonym). The famous master of short stories, humorist and satirist, the greatest playwright and part-time doctor. He himself admitted: “Medicine is my legal wife, and literature is my mistress. When one gets bored, I spend the night with the other. " Constantly torn apart at the crossroads of his two talents, Chekhov was engaged in medical affairs for the rest of his life. Even his dogs he gave names by name drugs: Bromine and China. But he also respected the "mistress": in his entire life Chekhov created more than 300 works, including short stories, and an impressive size of drama. And the great humorist loved to collect stamps. There was a man!

Vladimir Nabokov

© Ullstein Bild / Getty Images.com

Writer and scientist-entomologist, and a self-taught entomologist. In honor of Vladimir Vladimirovich, more than 20 genera of butterflies have been named, one of which (that's cute!) Is called Nabokovia. Nabokov also played excellent chess. He compiled several difficult chess problems. His love for this intellectual sport was reflected in the novel "Luzhin's Defense". Recall that Nabokov perfectly owned english language... Lolita is loved in America the same as ours.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe was known not only as a great writer and poet, but also as a scientist: he made some discoveries in the field of the theory of light. In addition, he actively collected minerals - his collection totals 18,000 items (it is clear why Faust got such a craving for alchemy). The author of the famous drama was so lucky or well done that he slept only 5 hours a day, and he had enough strength for many, many accomplishments. Perhaps this is because Goethe adhered to strict rules and was a supporter of a healthy lifestyle: he did not drink alcohol at all and did not tolerate the smell of tobacco smoke. Therefore, he lived for 82 years and managed to create so many things.

Hugh Jackman

Not only a famous actor, but also a Broadway artist, and what a one! Within one season, he managed to receive all the major theater awards. Everyone knows the third area of \u200b\u200bJackman's activity, in which he achieved success - family life... Hugh and Deborra-Lee Furness have been married for 20 years and together they are raising two children. What is really there! Our Hugh, in general, can do anything: he can play the piano, guitar, violin, and also ... vibrate his pupils and even juggle. Probably, even Wolverine cannot do this.

Salvador Dali

Everyone says that he is crazy, but that he was universal, they are silent. Dali is famous not only as a painter and sculptor, but also as a director of the most terrible "Andalusian Dog". Dali also wrote several "works": "The secret life of Salvador Dali, told by himself" and "Diary of a genius". For the sake of his psychedelic masterpieces, the humble genius was often "perverted" in terms of sleep. Let us explain: Dali hired a special servant for himself, who, seeing that the owner began to fall asleep in complete exhaustion, woke him up, after waiting a few seconds. The disheveled Dali immediately grabbed the paper and tried to sketch what he saw in the first seconds of the superficial phase of sleep.

Mikhail Lomonosov

© Miropolskiy L.S. Portrait of M.V. Lomonosov, 1787

Russian natural scientist, chemist and physicist, poet, artist ... you can hardly list everything here. Lomonosov is not just an active figure - he is revered as a reformer. It was he who carried out the reform of versification. Therefore, oddly enough, we owe the memorization of iambs and chorea to an outstanding chemist. By the way, being smart doesn't mean being bullied. During his studies in Marburg, for example, Lomonosov perfectly mastered the ability to handle the sword. Local bullies avoided this overly capable and skillful Muscovite. That's for sure a talented person is talented in everything!

Isaac Newton

Everyone should know that he is famous not only for the apple that fell on his head. Newton wrote books on theology, where he spoke about the denial of the Holy Trinity, and was also the chairman of the Royal Society of Arts. Not many people know that Newton also invented two stunningly ingenious things: a means for carrying cats and a door for them (where are we now without them?). This is the fault of his love for furry and mustachioed friends. Newton preferred vigorous activity to sleep - he devoted only 4 hours a day to rest at night.

Benjamin Franklin

We all know him as an uncle with a dollar and a politician, but Franklin is all the same as our Lomonosov. He was a journalist and inventor. He invented, for example, the stove ("Pennsylvania fireplace"), and also predicted the weather. The first developed a detailed map of the Gulf Stream. Founded the Philadelphia Academy and the first public library in the States. Franklin also had a musical talent. Uncle Ben was helped by his strict adherence to the daily routine, in which he had only 4 hours of sleep a day.

Alexander Borodin

© I. E. Repin. Portrait of A.P. Borodin, 1888

A man whose portrait hangs in both the music class and the chemistry class. Did you know that the author of the famous opera "Prince Igor" was also a chemist and a physician? He jokingly called himself a "Sunday musician": he had to sacrifice the weekend in order to create something like that for the world of music. The memory of Borodin's working days was left by his wife: "I could sit for ten hours in a row, I could not sleep at all, not have dinner." Still would! After all, as you know, one of Borodin's mottos was such a super-motivating phrase: "All that we do not have, we owe only ourselves." Also, Alexander Porfirievich was an active public figure - he was one of the initiators of the opening of the Women's Medical Courses.

Flea (Michael Peter Balzari)

In his youth, Bulgakov worked as a zemstvo doctor, and he had to be a generalist: a therapist, and a gynecologist, and a surgeon, and a dentist. The "Notes of a Young Doctor" owe their birth to precisely that period in the life of young Bulgakov. It was difficult to combine healing and creativity, so you had to "plow" the shift, treat the unpretentious village people all day, and then also make time for writing ... What you can not sacrifice for the sake of art. Once, in a letter to his mother, he wrote: “At night I write 'Notes of a zemstvo doctor.' A solid thing can come out. " Bulgakov is also an example of the correct attitude to criticism. He collected critical articles about his work, including 298 negative and 3 positive feedback critics.

Do you still think you're running out of time?

For various reasons, the people on this list are not well known, but they have made a big impact on the world. Some have something unique that was inherent only in them. Others did something that had the massive, ripple effect that we still feel today.

Some of the people on this list, who are as faceless to you as that strange neighbor you diligently avoid by taking out the trash, are responsible for saving millions of lives. In other cases, they have caused millions of deaths. Although, again, they are probably as familiar to you as that strange neighbor.

James harrison

In 1951, Australian James Garrison, then 14 years old, underwent major surgery to remove one lung. After he woke up from the operation, his father told him that during the operation he had been given 13 doses of blood; they were all from random strangers... As he lay in bed recovering, he had time to think, and he realized that without donated blood he would die, so he vowed to donate blood as soon as he reached the required age for this.

Four years later, Garrison began donating blood, and soon after, doctors noticed something unique in his blood. This uniqueness has been associated with blood group systems. There are 35 such systems in total, the most common of which is the ABO system. For example, most people have blood in the negative O or A.

The Rh factor system is the second most common blood group. The problem with the Rh factor is that if an Rh negative woman is pregnant with an Rh positive fetus, it can lead to hemolytic disease. This disease leads to the fact that antibodies appear in the woman's body, which attack the blood cells of the fetus, because they are foreign. This often leads to brain damage and miscarriages. Because of this disease, thousands of babies died every year.

In Harrison's blood, doctors found a unique and very rare antibody. Based on this antibody, doctors have developed a drug called Anti-D, the introduction of which prevents hemolytic disease; it was the first drug of its kind. As a result, it is believed that Harrison's blood saved the lives of two million babies.

John Bardeen

John Bardeen was born in Madison, Wisconsin in May 1908; he was a gifted child. He entered the engineering department of the University of Wisconsin at the age of 15. After graduating from university, he got a job as a geophysicist at Gulf Oil. He worked there for three years, but he was not interested in this work, so he entered Princeton University and received a Ph.D. in mathematical physics there.

After three years as a research assistant at Harvard University, Bardeen began working at Bell Laboratories in 1945. Together with Walter Brattain and William Shockley, he invented the transistor. Transistors could replace cathode ray tubes in electronic devices that were large and bulky and could reduce the size of the components and the electronics themselves. Over time, transistors will play an important role in the evolution of computers. For their work, Bardeen, Shockley, and Brattain received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956.

After helping with this vital invention, Bardeen returned to work on what had interested him throughout his life. It was superconductivity. Together with L. N. Cooper and J. R. Schrieffer, he developed the BCS theory of superconductivity, on which all subsequent work on superconductivity was based. This theory explains the almost complete absence of electrical resistance at material temperatures close to absolute zero. This theory led to the invention of computed tomography and MRI. For this theory, Bardeen also received the second Nobel Prize in physics in 1972, making him one of only four people to receive two Nobel Prizes, and the only person to receive it twice for his achievements in physics. However, despite receiving two Nobel Prizes for inventions that have changed our daily lives, Bardeen is little known outside the world of science.

Olauda Equiano

We now know that slavery is evil. Enslaving another person may well be considered one of the worst things you can do. At the very least, it is cruel and inhuman. However, as you probably know, for a long time not everyone thought so. Olauda Equiano is responsible for helping to change the views of slavery in many people.

At the age of 11, Equiano and his sister were kidnapped by local slave traders in what is now Nigeria. A few days later they were separated, and Equiano was sent by ship to Barbados, where he traveled the terrible middle route (the route of the slave trade from Africa to the West Indies), in which slaves were locked in cages and sent across the Atlantic Ocean from their homes in Africa to the New Shine. He ended up in Virginia. Unfortunately, there is no way to verify the history of his earlier life. However, after his arrival in Virginia, there are many documents supporting the statements he later made.

In Virginia, he was sold to an officer in the Royal Navy, and spent eight years wandering the seas. During this time, he learned to read and write. He was also given the name Gustav Vasa. He was then sold to a merchant, for whom he worked as a deckhand, servant and barber. He also earned money on the side and in three years saved up money to redeem his freedom.

Over the next 20 years, Equiano traveled the world and became an active participant in the abolitionist movement in Europe. Most importantly, in 1798 he became the first former slave to publish an autobiography entitled The Fascinating Story of the Life of Olaudah Ekiano, or Gustav Vasa, the African. This book was hugely popular and made Equiano a well-known activist.

His book presented slavery in a new light because it was a first-hand story. Thousands of people either read his book or listened to his speeches, which made him incredibly popular when it came to changing slavery laws. In England, the slave trade was finally abolished in 1807, 10 years after Equiano's death.

Joseph Lister

Isn't it good that humans are much more likely to survive after a limb amputation? What about the fact that people can now undergo surgery and not fight the possibility of sepsis with just hope and prayer? Well, so, for this we must thank the English surgeon Joseph Lister, who is called the father of modern surgery.

Lister proposed common rules that all doctors and surgeons still adhere to and will always adhere to. This includes rules such as the need to wash hands and sterilize surgical instruments. This seems commonplace today, but oddly enough, he was apparently the first surgeon to follow these simple rules. This idea came to him in 1865, in connection with Louis Pasteur's theory that microorganisms cause infections.

Although Lister is respected in the medical world, and a mouthwash was named after him, he never achieved the fame of other doctors, despite the fact that he came up with rules that have saved countless lives over the past 150 years.

Henrietta Lacks

Loretta Pleasant was born in Roanoke, Virginia in August 1920. She will then change her name to Henrietta. Her mother died when she was 4 years old, and the girl was sent to her grandmother, who lived in a log barracks, which previously served as housing for slaves working on the plantation. She shared a room with her cousin, David Lacks. 10 years later, when Henrietta was 14 years old, she gave birth to a child from David. Four years later, they had a daughter, and then they got married in 1941. In January 1951, they were living in Maryland, and Henrietta went to Johns Hopkins Hospital, the only place in the area where African Americans were treated for pain and bleeding in the abdomen. Sadly, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. For several months, Henrietta went to radiation therapy, and during one of the sessions, the doctors, without her knowledge, took two samples of the tumor. Henrietta died on October 4, 1951, at the age of 31, but part of her remained to live forever.

For decades, scientists at Johns Hopkins Hospital have tried to grow tissue, but they have not been very successful; usually the cells died after a few days. However, for some reason, Henrietta's cells were more resilient. Dr. George Otto Gay was able to isolate and propagate a special cell that belonged to Henrietta, growing immortal cells for the first time in culture.

This cell line, called HeLa, has become very popular in the scientific world and has been an important part of many discoveries and breakthroughs. For example, it was used in the discovery of polio vaccination. Its cells were used in the first space flights to observe what happens to human cells in space. This cell line also had essential in gene mapping, in vitro fertilization and cloning. The HeLa cell line is still popular and is used in over 10,000 patents.

However, Henrietta's family knew nothing about the use of her cells until 1970. Since then, they have tried unsuccessfully for many years to gain control of this cell line. Then, in 2013, Henrietta's genomic sequence was published, again without the knowledge or permission of her family, a serious breach of privacy. After that happened, the National Institutes of Health invited Henrietta's descendants to the HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which oversees cell usage. Finally, the family gained some control over this cell line.

Mohammed Bouazizi

In 2011, Mohammed Bouazizi was 26 years old and lived in the small poor town of Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. Bouazizi was the main breadwinner for his family of eight and made a living by selling vegetables and fruits in the market. According to his family, he dreamed of buying a pickup truck to replace the cart he used to sell his goods.

On December 17, 2010, a municipal inspector named Media Hamdi confiscated a fruit scale from Bouazizi for not having a license to sell. Boazizi has been harassed by civil servants in the past, but this incident was particularly hideous. According to the stories, when Bouazizi tried to pay a fine or give a bribe, call it whatever you like, Hamdi was furious. She allegedly slapped him, spat in his face and insulted his late father.

The humiliated Bouazizi went to complain to the mayor's office. When he could not talk to anyone, he went for gasoline. Returning to the city hall, he doused himself with gasoline and set himself on fire. Bouazizi did not die immediately from his burns, but two weeks later - on January 4, 2011.

Even before his death, people were already drawing inspiration from his act of self-immolation. At that time, Tunisia was ruled by the dictator Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, who came to power in a bloody coup in 1987. Under his rule, the country experienced very high levels of corruption and unemployment, especially among recent university graduates. So when Bouazizi set himself on fire, a false rumor spread that he was attending university. Thanks to this, the news of his death made an even greater impression on his compatriots.

However, the death of Bouazizi, caused by despair from dealing with a corrupt government led by a dictator, became symbolic and led to massive protests in Tunisia. Due to popular unrest, Ben Ali went into exile in early 2011, and in 2014 the country held its first free and fair elections since independence in 1956.

These protests also inspired people to protest in other countries in the region, initiating the so-called Arab Spring. This led to the displacement or overthrow of three more dictators and the ongoing war in Syria.

Rosalind Franklin

At the age of 15, Rosalind Franklin, who was born in England in 1920, decided that she wanted to be a scientist. As she grew up, she enrolled at the University of Cambridge, and at 26 she received her Ph.D. in chemistry. After her studies, Franklin began working on a technique called X-ray diffraction, in which X-rays are used to produce images of crystalline solids. This allowed her to view objects at the molecular level.

In 1950, Franklin began working at King's College London. Her job was to use X-ray diffraction to study DNA. During her time at this college, she came close to getting an answer to the question of the structure of DNA, but she never got that chance because her colleague, Maurice Wilkins, tricked her into doing it.

When Franklin started at King's College, Wilkins was on vacation. When he returned to work, he pretended not to know what Franklin was up to in the lab, and simply assumed that since she was a woman, he had been sent to him as an assistant in his work. On the other hand, Franklin didn't know that anyone else was working on DNA, so she shared information about her work with Wilkins. Another problem was that Franklin and Wilkins had conflicting personalities, leading to tension in the workplace. It all came together and changed history forever - and at the same time robbed Franklin of the award for her work.

In May 1952, Franklin and her student, Raymond Gosling, received an X-ray called "Photo 51" with a fragment of DNA. Unbeknownst to her, Wilkins showed the picture to American biologist James Watson, and when he saw it, something came together. Watson and molecular biologist named Francis Crick used Photo 51 to write an article about the DNA double helix. The article was published in the journal Nature in April 1953, but forgot to mention Franklin's contribution to this discovery.

At that point, Franklin's relationship with the management of King's College was strained, and the head of her department allowed her to resign on the condition that she never worked on DNA again. On its new job at Birbeck University, she wrote 17 papers, and her team laid the foundation for structural virology. In 1956, she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and died two years later, on April 16, 1958, at the age of 37.

Four years later, in 1962, Watson, Crick and, believe it not, Maurice Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in Medicine, but Franklin never received official recognition for her contributions to one of the greatest discoveries in modern science.

Norman Borlaug

Norman Borlaug was born in Cresco, Iowa, in March 1914. When he was 27 years old, he received his Ph.D. in plant protection. In the 1930s and 1940s, he worked in Mexico and helped farmers improve their techniques and methods there. He also developed a special type of wheat for them called dwarf wheat, which is ideal for cultivation in Mexico. By 1956, thanks to Borlaug's work, Mexico was able to support itself with wheat.

Around the same time, other countries in the world were experiencing skyrocketing populations and their governments were having trouble producing enough food for all of their citizens. The two countries that were experiencing severe food shortages due to their growing populations were India and Pakistan. During the 1960s Borlaug brought his techniques and dwarf wheat to India and Pakistan, greatly improving their agricultural systems.

In 1970 Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, but it never made him famous. On the contrary, for five decades he continued to work in developing countries trying to improve their agricultural systems. During this time, his work is believed to have saved one billion people. Borlaug, considered a major figure in the Green Revolution, died in September 2009 at the age of 95.

Doña Marina

Doña Marina, who was given the name Malinche at birth, was born into a noble Aztec family in 1501. Her father, who was the leader, died when she was very young. Her mother remarried, and in this marriage a son was born, and Malinche, most likely at the insistence of her stepfather, who wanted his son to become a leader, was sold into slavery.

She was sent to the city of Tabasco, and when she arrived there, she could speak both the Aztec language, which was called Nahuatl, and the Mayan language. In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortez arrived in Tabasco, who was given a gift of 20 slaves, whom he christened. One of these slaves was Malinche, whom he baptized dona Marina.

Cortez soon learned that Marina knew the Mayan and Nahuatl languages. This was important because Cortez had a priest who was a slave and could speak the Mayan language and spanish... With the help of these two translators, Cortes sent messages offering peace to the Aztec leader, Montezuma.

Marina, who apparently had an ability to learn languages, quickly learned to speak Spanish, and Cortez used her as a translator when his troops began to attack non-Aztec cities. But the fact is that the Spaniards attacked the Indians who did not belong to the Aztec tribe, and then retreated. Then Marina appeared to negotiate peace. As part of these negotiations, she also asked the Indians for help in the upcoming war between Spain and the Aztecs. The non-Aztec Indian population agreed to help not only to save their cities from the Spaniards, but also because the Aztecs used their cities as farms for human sacrifice. They really didn't like it, but they were never strong enough to do anything about it.

All of Marina's work proved to be beneficial to Cortés and the Spanish troops, because when they invaded the Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs were surprised because they thought they came in peace. In fact, they invited Cortez and his people to the city. The Spaniards not only took them by surprise, but, as the Spaniards made alliances with non-Aztec Indians, outnumbered the Aztecs in numbers and weapons, and conquered them in just two years.

In addition to helping in the conquest of the Aztec empire, Marina also served as the mistress of Cortez. She became pregnant and gave birth to a son, Martin Cortez, who became the first mestizo, that is, a man with European and Indian blood.

Although Marina can be considered a traitor because she helped the aliens capture her native land, contemporaries respected her. She is credited with saving thousands of lives by negotiating peace instead of declaring an all-out war on Cortez. Of course, the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs led not only to the formation of a state like Mexico, but also to the colonization of South America.

Gavrilo Principle

At the beginning of the article, we said that not everyone on this list is involved in saving lives. Now we get to the one who is responsible for the deaths of millions of people. Although the First World War was driven by many factors, the assassination attempt on Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is considered the spark that led to its start.

On June 28, 1914, Ferdinand, who was heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, toured the newly acquired Bosnia. A group of Bosnian Serbs were unhappy that they were now under Austrian rule, so they decided to kill the heir to the throne.

According to the most famous version of this story, Nedelko Kabrinovich threw a grenade into the motorcade, but it was an old grenade that exploded after 10 seconds. Therefore, she did nothing with Ferdinand's car, but only caused chaos, which allowed the Archduke's limousine to leave the motorcade. Kabrinovic then swallowed the cyanide pill and jumped into the river. However, the pill was expired and did not kill him, it only made him vomit. Moreover, the river was shallow, so he was arrested.

At the same time, one of Kabrinovich's accomplices, 20-year-old Gavrilo Princip, saw that the assassination attempt had failed and decided to hide. He walked a few streets and entered a restaurant where he ordered a sandwich. Meanwhile, Ferdinand and his wife, Sophia, who were hiding in the town hall, decided to visit the people in the hospital who had been injured by the grenade explosion. However, on the way, their driver got lost and they ended up on the same street where Princip was eating his sandwich. Seizing the opportunity, Princip drew his pistol and fired two bullets; the first bullet hit Sofia, and the second hit Ferdinand. They were both killed and Princip was arrested.

This story of what led to World War I by a series of coincidences is certainly interesting, but hardly believable. First, sandwiches were not popular in Bosnia at the time. Secondly, the restaurant near which Princip committed the murder of the Archduke and his wife was on the original route of the motorcade before it deviated from it after the explosion of a grenade.

However, in October 1914 Princip was sentenced to 20 years in prison, where he died on April 28, 1918. Although he may be the most famous person on this list, he still did not become widely known, given that his actions were directly related to the beginning of the war, which killed 80 million people, and the war itself led to such historical events, like the rise to power of Hitler, the Russian Revolution and, in the end, the Second World War.

Especially for readers of my blog site - based on materials from the site toptenz.net - translated by Sergey Maltsev

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What does it mean to be famous? For example, Chesley Sullenberger was ranked second in the 2009 Top 100 Most Influential People for a successful crash landing in which no one was hurt. But time passes, and all these rating names are erased and dissolve behind millions of the same rating names. But there are ten people who are known about in every part of the globe. They knew about them, they know and will know about them. And we invite you to remember these ten people in the Top of the Greatest People of All Time. The names are listed in ascending order, from tenth to most important, first.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Sir Isaac Newton

If you rank people by query in Google, then Albert Einstein would be in tenth place; in one month, the query "Albert Einstein" gains up to 6.1 million search queries. But there are many more books written about Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein is unlikely to ever be able to defeat him in this sense. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the Law of Attraction, coined the term "gravity", invented the reflector telescope, defeated the Roman Catholic Church by justifying geocentrism and determined that any, even the smallest object in the Universe moves. In his spare time, Newton explored the principles of optics. Lived long life and died at the age of 84.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Leonardo da Vinci

In the case of one of the greatest men in history, Leonardo da Vinci, a Google search can be quite imprecise. And if you only put in the name "Leonardo", then Google will give you a bunch of links to ninja turtles and people who drowned on the Titanic. But if you type full name Leonardo da Vinci, you will immediately discover that he is known to the whole world. A person who could do anything. And all the books about him and his inventions are perhaps the largest and most interesting summary in the world. He was an engineer, inventor, anatomist, architect, mathematician, geologist, musician, cartographer, botanist, writer, and sculptor. He invented the rifle, although it did not immediately look like what we used to call a rifle, but Leonardo's rifle shot at a distance of 1000 yards. He invented the parachute 300 years before it was officially invented. He invented the hang glider 400 years before his official invention. The hang glider of Leonardo was based on the work of bird wings. He could imagine what a helicopter should be, but he could not understand what kind of force it should be to lift such a structure into the air. He invented the tank, which was a structure driven by a crankshaft. The structure could move and shoot simultaneously and in different directions. He invented scissors by bolting two knives together.

Along with the incredible inventions for their time, Leonardo was a great artist and sculptor. The work "Mona Lisa" is a masterpiece of world portraiture, around which controversy continues to this day.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare is a person whom we repeat every day, quoting and not even suspecting that it was he who invented this phrase or expression. It's amazing, remember how often you say something like this: "all that glitters is not gold", "a pitiful sight", "food of the gods", "all is well that ends well." All this is Shakespeare. And of course, the most famous phrase of the maestro: "to be or not to be." Egil Aarvik, spokesman for the Nobel Prize Committee, once said that Shakespeare would be the only person who could apply for the Nobel Prize more than once.

Speaking about the work of Shakespeare, we can hardly say anything unambiguously about him. About his life, about him as a person. We only know that he was a simple actor, and then suddenly suddenly became the greatest playwright. This gives rise to the spread of an incredible amount of rumors and whether Shakespeare was Shakespeare.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Adolf Gitler

Everyone knows who Adolf Hitler is. We all know that this man is the root cause of World War II. He instigated the war for two main reasons, so to speak. First: to become the most powerful person on Earth and in history, and to rule the world. The second reason: to generate as much pain as possible against everyone whom he personally considered guilty of placing Germany in an humiliating and humiliating position after the First World War.

Hitler was an excellent orator, and he knew what his compatriots wanted to hear and he knew that they felt the same feelings towards Germany's offenders as he did himself. Consequently, it was not difficult to raise people to "great" achievements and conquests.

The Second World War became the most difficult, bloodiest war in the history of mankind. It led to the greatest human losses. The estimated death toll from World War II is 71 million. And Hitler is to blame for this. And during the war, he knew about it. He knew that all these victims were his victims, and he was glad about it. He was proud of it. Today Hitler in the hearts and minds of people is on the same list with the "Devil" and "Satan".

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Apostle Paul from Tarsus

In sixth place in our ranking of the Greatest People of All Time. The top 10 is the Apostle Paul of Tarsus. The Apostle Paul is considered the most important person in the spread of Christianity, its ideology and principles. The Apostle Paul is considered the most important Christian apologist.

The Apostle Paul is the most famous and revered apostle of all of Christ's disciples.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

It might surprise you, but most of the people who google for the Buddha's name are not Buddhists. In the Western Hemisphere and throughout Europe, Buddhism is not as widespread as in the Eastern part of Nepal and India. It is known that Buddha was a mortal man who attained nirvana and spiritual awakening at the age of 35. To achieve nirvana and spiritual knowledge, Buddha sat in meditation for 49 days under a tree, until he attained knowledge of what needs to be done in order to end human suffering. Having cognized the truth, Buddha carried his teaching to people so that all doers could free themselves from the torment in their lives. This path is called the Noble Eightfold Path, which consists of: right view, right intention, right concentration, right speech, right action, right lifestyle, right effort, and right mindfulness. According to the Buddha's teachings, if you adhere to these simple rules, you can become a truly happy person who does not depend on anything.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Moses

Moses is revered by all major modern religions the world, and Judaism, and Christianity, and Islam. He is the greatest prophet of the Upper Testament, the liberator of the Jewish people from Egyptian slavery. Moses was a lawgiver, a judge, a person through whom the Lord transmitted his basic 10 commandments.

According to legend, Moses was found as a baby in a basket, floating on the Nile and was raised as the son of Pharaoh. There is no, by and large, accurate information about Moses, except that he grew up in a noble Egyptian family, and one day he saw how an Egyptian mocked his Jewish slave, killed an Egyptian and fled into the desert. Here, in the desert, God first appeared to Moses as a burning bush. This turning point inspired Moses, and he was inspired to go to Pharaoh to ask that he would release all the Jews, otherwise the Lord would send such torments to the Egyptians that they could not stand it. And so it happened. Pharaoh resisted, and the Lord showed his strength and sent unthinkable torments to the Egyptian people. Ultimately, Pharaoh was forced to release Moses along with all the Jews.

Moses led the Jews through the deserts for 40 years, so that they would all be reborn from slavery, here the Lord transmitted his basic laws through Moses.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Abraham

Bronze of our rating The Greatest People of All Time. Biblical Abraham ranks top 10. And this is no coincidence. Abraham is considered one of the first prophets of the Middle East, the first to preach one God. According to legend, God makes a covenant with Abraham, because he was very pious, unshakable in his faith in God. This covenant is marked by circumcision. Before that, the Lord tested the faith of Abraham, demanding that he kill his son Isaac and Abraham had already raised a knife over his son when the Lord said that it was a test.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Mahomet

For non-Muslims, Mohammed founded Islam. For Muslims, Islam already existed, but Mohammed revived it in the hearts of people. Muslims believe that the Lord transmitted through Mohammed the basic philosophical principles and revelations that he wrote down in the main religious book of Muslims - the Koran.

Mohammed was born in Saudi Arabia, he had 13 wives. Not a single exact image of Muhammad has survived, because he is considered the last prophet sent by Allah in order to teach people the basic path of peace and righteousness, and that he is too holy for all of us to see his face. During his life, Mohammed managed to unite the entire Middle East under the name of one God - Allah.

Greatest people of all time. Top 10. Jesus of Nazareth

It would be incomprehensible if the first place in the Greatest People of All Time Top 10, was taken by some other person. Naturally, this is Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ.

We all know the story of the life of Jesus, who was born to a virgin, died at the age of 33, that he was crucified on the cross, that he died and resurrected three days later, ascended into heaven, to the abode of His Father and now sits on right hand from God.

All religions of the world accept Jesus Christ, both believers and atheists know about him and his life. Perhaps, some of the most primitive nationalities and tribes living in the Amazon delta or in the impenetrable forests of Brazil do not know the name of Christ. The main book that tells about the life and deeds of Christ is the New Testament Bible, we note that 25 million copies of the Bible are sold annually around the world.

So even if you are not a believer, you will have to accept the fact that the most famous person in the whole world is Jesus of Nazareth.

It's no secret that people love all kinds of lists. With their help, we collect complex information together to make it much easier to read and digest. Lists satisfy our inner drive to organize information. They also help us feel less stressed.

Tasks seem easier if information about them is presented in the form of a list, says Maria Konnikova, author of the best-selling book The Psychology of Mistrust. How not to get hooked by scammers ”and articles in The New York Times. Here are the lists she recommends making:

14 useful liststhat everyone should compose

1. List of passwords. With it, you will definitely not get confused in your super complex passwords like SoccerStar12 or Socc3rStar.
2. Daily To Do List. Include everything you need to do today. In addition, it is very pleasant to cross out completed tasks.
3. List of completed cases. When you look at the list of what you have done today, you understand how you can improve your productivity. And self-esteem rises.
4. A list of things to do in your life. This includes everything from big plans like getting married and climbing Mount Everest to the most humble desires like baking the perfect chocolate chip cookie.
5. Short-term plans. What do you want to do this month?
6. Long term plans. What do you plan to achieve in the next five or ten years?
7. Professional achievements. List your achievements and completed projects. It will not only delight you in difficult times, but also come in handy when you need to update your resume.
8. Requirements for a new job. The more hours, days, and years you spend at work, the better you know what you are doing. Therefore, on the next job, you will no longer need the same productivity as before.
9. List of DIY projects. Pinterest is a great site for finding inspiration, but if you have a list like this on hand, you won't forget your creative plans, such as painting the shelves in your living room or going through old photos.
10. Shopping list. When you know exactly what you need to buy, you can not only save money, but also keep from buying those unnecessary cookies.
11. Important dates. Any person will be pleased if you suddenly think of his birthday or some anniversary. So make such a list, and you will not forget all the important dates of your loved ones.
12. Important deadlines. If you often forget about how many days you need to return something and when the frozen chicken breasts go bad, then you better write down all the important dates.
13. A list of thanks. If you feel bad, take a look at this list and remember what you are grateful for in this life, and you will feel better.
14. A list of things that make you happy. This list will make you smile or quickly figure out what to do with yourself.