Why does vomiting occur? Why is there severe vomiting in adults? Emergency measures and treatments for vomiting

Nausea is a rather unpleasant sensation, unfortunately, occasionally arises in almost every person. It does not appear without a reason, its occurrence indicates some kind of malfunction in the body.

What does persistent nausea without other symptoms indicate?

Constant nausea without vomiting and other symptoms can indicate many diseases or other changes in the body. Whatever the reason for this unpleasant sensation, this problem cannot be ignored, but it is necessary to find out the true source of nausea.

Nausea is not a normal state of a healthy body, and even more so if it is permanent. Persistent nausea without vomiting or other symptoms may indicate the occurrence of such diseases:

• stomach diseases
• bowel disease
• brain diseases,
• kidney disease
• the occurrence of tumors and inflammation,
• disruption of the thyroid gland,
• violation of the cardiovascular system,
• violation of the vestibular apparatus,
• manifestation of infectious diseases.

Note! Very often, the occurrence of persistent nausea may indicate an incorrect lifestyle:

• alcohol abuse,
• smoking,
• strong overvoltage and overwork of the body,
• improper diet (excessive consumption of fatty and smoked foods, abuse of fast food),
• emotional exhaustion.

If nausea occurs, before diagnosing the disease, you need to reconsider your lifestyle... Probably, it is due to the wrong order of existence that these uncomfortable sensations arise.

What to do if you feel nauseous without vomiting

When nausea occurs the first thing to do is to review your diet... If the day before this uncomfortable feeling, a lot of fat was eaten, or simply an excessive amount of any food, perhaps this will cause nausea.

Oily looking can provoke an attack of nausea

But if a sensation such as constant nausea without vomiting and other symptoms occurs, another problem that is dangerous to health may lurk in it.

The first thing to do is to promptly seek help from a qualified specialist.

The doctor will conduct an examination of the body, direct it for diagnosis. At present, with the help of high quality equipment in laboratories, taking into account the received blood and urine tests, many diseases can be detected. Therefore, you should trust the specialists and go through all the diagnostic methods.

Nausea can be a symptom of a disease

Important to remember! Taking medication for nausea will only temporarily relieve you of the uncomfortable sensations, but not from the very source of this unpleasant sensation.

In order to get rid of nausea, you need to start treating the disease that causes it. Having cured the ailment, the nausea will disappear after it.

The main causes of nausea, other than disease

This uncomfortable feeling may not necessarily arise due to human diseases. There are many other reasons which can cause such unpleasant experiences.

Overwork is one of the main causes of nausea. It is important for a person to rest and relax.

Sometimes they become unexpected for the person himself and does not connect them with the emerging feeling of persistent nausea:

1. Overstrain and lack of sleep... The body needs rest and healthy sleep. If you do not get enough sleep for a long period of time, you may experience various discomfort, including regular nausea. This is a kind of signal from the body about the wrong daily routine.
2. Problems associated with the vestibular apparatus. People with such a disruption in the operation of this device can be rocked in transport, an elevator. Against this background, severe nausea may occur.
3. Poisoning, intestinal infection. The pathological process is usually accompanied by vomiting and fever, but there are cases in which only the occurrence of nausea is dispensed with.
4. Side effects of drugs. Each medicine can cause side effects, including nausea. You can read about this in the instructions for the medicinal product.
5. Pregnancy. The first months of pregnancy are usually accompanied by constant nausea, and gagging is not at all necessary.
6. Migraine. Headaches of this nature are very often accompanied by nausea.
7. Concussion. This condition usually causes nausea, and in severe cases, vomiting.

These are the most common causes of persistent nausea without vomiting or other symptoms, and there are many others. Each organism reacts differently to different processes both changes and consequences in people are usually individual.

Women often feel sick during pregnancy. If nausea is severe and frequent, you should visit your gynecologist

Note! Even the most harmless causes of nausea should receive special attention. Discomfort is not normal if the body is completely healthy.

Features of nausea in diseases

The following illnesses can cause nausea:

The listed characteristics of the manifestations of diseases may differ, since each organism carries diseases in its own way, therefore, the symptoms may be different or to a lesser extent.

Important to remember! Even if the symptoms are exactly the same as those described in the article, you cannot resort to self-medication. The fact is that many diseases are similar in their symptoms, while their treatment is significantly different.

Features of nausea by time of day

Features of discomfort may vary from time of day. If you constantly vomit without vomiting and other symptoms in a certain period of the day, then this will allow you to more accurately determine the cause of this discomfort.

If nausea appears on the road, then you should use a special bracelet

If nausea constantly haunts the body, then it is possible to trace its dependence on certain human actions, eg:

• food intake,
• driving in transport,
• work in uncomfortable conditions,
• stress, and more.

Usually the nausea is aggravated by these processes. If you constantly feel sick, regardless of these actions, then the reason is more serious and see a doctor, even if nausea without vomiting and other symptoms.

There can be many reasons for nausea in the morning.

Starting from the most harmless, such as overeating before bedtime or, conversely, a strong feeling of hunger, ending with more serious signs of illness.

A large amount of alcohol provokes nausea.

An excess of alcoholic beverages before bed is a perfectly accurate sign of morning sickness. Highly often morning sickness becomes a clear sign of pregnancy... Medication should not be used on an empty stomach, it can also cause nausea.

But if constant nausea is tiring, exhausting, and it does not depend on the above factors, then the reason should be sought in your health, or rather, problems with it.

Causes of nausea after eating

When eating fatty and heavy foods, and even in excess, even in an absolutely healthy person may experience discomfort... Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the diet and eat in small portions, this will help avoid nausea.

If nausea occurs after eating, then you should pay attention to nutrition. Maybe you should stick with special diet

If the described action did not help, and after any meal there is a feeling of constant nausea, then this is a common symptom of almost all diseases gastrointestinal tract... Such s diseases cannot be independently diagnosedas their symptoms are very similar to each other.

Even if everything goes away without vomiting and other symptoms, you should think about a comprehensive examination.

Attacks of nausea in the evening and at night

Basically, all painful and uncomfortable feelings intensify towards evening, including the feeling of nausea. Very often, evening and night nausea occurs after a strong overexertion during the day, due to severe overwork.

If you have a nausea attack, peppermint oil may help

It can be caused by irregular work hours, which can lead to fatigue and exhaustion. Overeating may be one reason in the evening, since in the afternoon, a person's metabolism is already less active, including the work of the stomach, which is difficult to cope with the processing of excess food intake.

In the evening, and even more so before bedtime, you need to eat light food and in small quantities, it will relieve overeating and discomfort. You may experience nausea due to medication taking during the day or an adverse reaction.

If that's not the reason it is necessary to undergo an examination with a doctor's consultationto identify the source of this uncomfortable feeling. The causes of nausea in the evening can be various diseases, ranging from dysbiosis and ending with inflammation of appendicitis.

If nausea persists, see a doctor

In any case, given the symptom cannot be ignored, so that in the event of a disease, cure it on time and without harmful consequences.

Nausea is a rather uncomfortable sensation, especially when it persists for a long time.

This ailment cannot be ignored, since it not only brings discomfort, but can also signal a serious illness or disorder in the body.

Only with proper diagnosis and medical supervision, you can identify the true causes of nausea and get rid of these unpleasant sensations.

The following video will explain the causes of persistent nausea:

This video will tell you which diseases are symptomatic of persistent nausea:

The following video explains the main signs of anorexia nervosa:

Quite often, adults have a feeling of nausea, belching, and then vomiting. There are many reasons for this phenomenon and they are quite diverse. For example, vomiting can be a symptom of intoxication or cancer, or it can be caused by a strong emotional shock. In order not to miss the onset of the development of the disease, it is necessary to establish exactly what caused the vomiting.

Causes

Taking into account the reasons for the appearance of vomiting, it is divided into two types: visceral and toxic.

• Visceral vomiting arises from irritation of the soft palate, tongue, pancreas, gastric mucosa. Vomiting, provoked by the development of oncological diseases of the stomach and intestines, is dangerous, since in this case the motor activity of the contents of the digestive tract is disrupted. Usually, such vomiting occurs after eating, and bile and blood can be found in the vomit. With advanced and severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, vomit can give off an unpleasant odor and be black; after such vomiting, a feeling of relief does not come.
• Toxic vomiting- This is the body's response to poisoning with heavy metals, acids, alkalis, ethyl alcohol. It happens that this type of vomiting is caused by severe somatic diseases: diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure. Sometimes, with toxic effects, an adult experiences frequent bouts of vomiting, which are accompanied by severe pain. In the vomit, green mucus, foam, blood clots are observed. In this case, the person feels dizzy, headache, weakness. Body temperature can drop sharply or, on the contrary, rise.

Diseases that cause vomiting are divided into the following groups:

• Diseases of the digestive system: peritonitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer disease, gastroenteritis, gastritis.
• Diseases nervous system: increased intracranial pressure, brain tumor, brain contusion, concussion, meningitis, encephalitis.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system: heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension.
• Disruption of the vestibular apparatus and diseases of the inner ear: Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis.
• Endocrine disorders: insufficient functioning of the adrenal glands, phenylketonuria, thyrotoxicosis (Graves' disease), diabetes mellitus, accompanied by ketoacidosis.
• Vomiting of pregnant women: observed in the first trimester of pregnancy, and is a symptom of toxicosis, or it occurs in the third trimester and indicates the development of gestosis.
• Psychogenic causes: any strong emotion or nervous shock, bulimia, anorexia.
• Other diseases: pyelonephritis, urolithiasis, cystitis, previous abdominal surgery

In some cases, severe vomiting can be a side effect of taking drugs: Theophylline, painkillers (anelgizing) drugs, estrogen, ferrous sulfate, potassium preparations. Motion sickness or motion sickness can also cause vomiting.

What to do

In case of severe vomiting, call a doctor immediately. In such a state, it is recommended to completely refuse food and regularly wash the stomach. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate if you feel severe weakness and dizziness, there was a loss of consciousness.

Drink as much fluids as possible between bouts of vomiting to prevent dehydration. And you need to use it in small sips, little by little, but often. Drinking a lot of fluids at one time can provoke repeated vomiting. When drinking even a small amount of liquid causes vomiting, you can prevent dehydration by putting a piece of ice in your mouth.

Doctors recommend drinking a liquid containing electrolytes when vomiting, as this will help restore the balance of minerals and vitamins. Prefer drinks that are high in potassium and sodium. This could be:

• apple juice diluted with water;
• weak black, green, ginger tea;
• still mineral water;
• low-fat broth;
• tonic syrups and drinks, such as Emetrol syrup;
• electrolyte solution diluted from powder Regidron, Rex Vital, Normohydron, Electrolyte, Hydrovit.

Do not drink acidic drinks such as lemonade or orange juice while vomiting. But a spoonful of honey added to tea will only increase its effect. Swallowing mints and chewing gum will help suppress the feeling of nausea and subsequent episodes of vomiting.

After the seizure ends, try eating some salty crackers and watch your body react. If vomiting occurs again, it is better to refuse to eat food that day. If the digestive tract reacted normally to food, you can eat in small portions.

A diet must be followed for several days after vomiting. The diet should not contain salty, fried, fatty, smoked foods, excessively hot and cold foods. In cases where vomiting was accompanied by diarrhea, it is necessary to exclude dairy products, since they negatively affect the functioning of the digestive tract. Compliance with the daily routine, regular airing of the room helps to recover faster after vomiting.

The reflex act of vomiting arose in the process of human evolution and is always preceded by nausea. Both nausea and vomiting are subcortical reflexes, therefore, they cannot be suppressed by an effort of will, and human consciousness cannot control them. The main purpose of vomiting is to cleanse the body of toxins, poisons, chemical compoundsthat got into it from the outside or produced by its own tissues and organs.

Various pathologies and conditions manifest themselves as nausea and vomiting. These may be the only symptoms of the disease, or reflex acts are combined with other symptoms. Vomiting is always preceded by nausea - a feeling that is difficult to confuse with other sensations. Symptoms of nausea - "sucking in the spoon", increased salivation (salivation), the person becomes pale, he is thrown into cold sweat, the feeling of nausea and fainting increases.

Vomiting is the release through the esophagus and the mouth of the stomach contents to the outside. It manifests itself in seizures caused by contractions of the abdominal muscles. Vomiting is accompanied by stomach pains, the person becomes covered with a sticky cold sweat. With the emetic act, the larynx and soft palate rise, and the epiglottis falls, which protects airways from getting vomit into them.

The vomiting center, located in one of the ventricles of the brain, is responsible for the occurrence of this complex reflex. It is excited when, under the influence of impulses from the labyrinth of the inner ear, from mental stimuli, chemical reactions, excited by the ingress of poisons, toxins, drugs into the blood, as well as by irritation of individual receptors in various parts of the body. The most sensitive receptors are located on the posterior wall of the pharynx, the peritoneum, mesenteric vessels, and bile ducts are also supplied with them.

Causes of nausea and vomiting:

Pathologies and damage to various parts of the central nervous system;

Food, medicinal, alcoholic intoxication;

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

Psychogenic causes;

Very severe pain of any origin.

Vomiting is not a specific symptom, but the assessment of its features in combination with other manifestations and the study of vomit can greatly facilitate the diagnosis of diseases.

What disease can persistent vomiting indicate?

There are various groups of diseases that occur with constant vomiting. Depending on the nature of its occurrence and characteristics, the disease is diagnosed:

Central vomiting -, hypertensive crisis, tumors and brain abscess, damage to the inner ear;

Psychogenic vomiting - hysterical neurosis, attacks of cyclic vomiting in children;

Hematogenous toxic vomiting -, acetonemic vomiting, porphyria, carbon monoxide poisoning, alcohol, drugs, cytostatics, radiopaque substances, exposure to toxins of viruses and bacteria in infectious lesions;

Visceral vomiting - pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (,), diseases of the biliary and urinary tract, atony and;

Vomiting with a putrid odor – ;

Fecal odor vomiting - intestinal obstruction;

Bloody vomiting -;

Vomiting with bile - complications after surgery on the stomach, biliary colic, narrowing of the duodenum;

Vomiting with undigested food - gastric achilia, esophageal achalasia.

To clarify the diagnosis, a bacteriological, chemical, cytological study of vomit is carried out, the relationship of vomiting with food intake is studied (vomiting in the morning, early, late, on an empty stomach, night and cyclic).

Why can there be vomiting of water?

This type of vomiting is extremely rare, except for the artificially induced vomiting during gastric lavage.

Causes of water vomiting in children:

Colds;

Teething;

Pathologies of the ear, throat, nose.

All these reasons are due to the ingestion of large amounts of mucus into the stomach. It flows from the nasal and oral cavity through the throat and esophagus into the stomach. Irritation of his mucous membrane causes gagging. The consequence of this is vomiting with water without impurities.

In the absence of visible causes of the disease, this symptom manifests itself due to excessive dryness of the air, exposure to air in frosty weather, and also due to an allergic reaction. In this case, the release of a large volume of mucus is a protective reaction of the body to the negative influence of the environment. Then everything happens according to the above algorithm - mucus irritates the gastric mucosa, where it gets in excess.

It is not difficult to eliminate this symptom in children, you need to create optimal conditions for life and cure the pathology of the ENT organs.

If water vomiting is diagnosed in an adult, it may be due to long breaks between meals. Gastric juice is secreted reflexively, and the longer the break between meals, the more juice is formed in the stomach. If a large amount of juice causes vomiting, it may appear as if it is vomiting with water. Visually, these liquids almost do not differ from each other.

For various reasons, a person does not feel that he is hungry, however, the body needs food. This condition results in excessive gastric acid production and vomiting similar to water.

Could there be vomiting with mucus and why?

An admixture of mucus is found in many pathologies in both children and adults. Diseases in which vomiting with mucus is diagnosed:

Diet disorders in chronic gastritis;

Damage to the mucous membrane with alkalis or acids (suicide attempt, accident).

Vomiting with mucus in infants is a normal variant. However, in this age group, such vomiting may be the result of mucus accumulation during bronchial inflammation. An infant cannot cough it up due to age. When children eat foods of a special consistency (milk, jelly, fruit juices with pulp), vomiting with mucus is also observed.

Could there be black vomit and is it dangerous?

Black vomiting may be a sign of serious illness or have physiological cause appearance. Some products color vomit black: chocolate, berries with dark pulp, etc. Knowing about their use on the eve of vomiting, you can focus only on stopping this unpleasant symptom.

Vomiting in the form of "coffee grounds" is a great danger. It indicates bleeding in the stomach or duodenum. The peculiar appearance of the blood indicates that it has oxidized and coagulated under the influence of gastric juice.

Diseases that cause bleeding in the digestive tract:

Neoplasms of any etiology (tumors,);

Injury to the lining of the stomach or intestines;

Hemorrhagic disease;

Ulcerative lesions of the stomach or small intestine;

Side effects drugs that can cause damage to the stomach or intestines (Indomethacin, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, drugs, steroid hormones);

Gastric or intestinal bleeding is accompanied by dizziness, weakness. The patient's skin becomes pale, there is a feeling of apathy, a person can fall into. These symptoms are the reason for an immediate call for an ambulance, as delay can be life-threatening. If black vomiting is the only symptom, you should still see your doctor as soon as possible.

What disease can there be a temperature of 38 and vomiting?

Diseases in which there is a combination of vomiting and high fever:

Acute appendicitis;

Acute respiratory viral infection;

In the vast majority of cases, these symptoms are observed precisely with gastrointestinal infections. Children can react with vomiting at a rapid pace in any inflammatory process.

The initial manifestations of an intestinal infection and a viral disease are very similar: in both cases, there is hyperthermia, redness of the throat, and vomiting. Specific symptoms appear a little later.

In any case, when vomiting is combined with a temperature of 38, an "emergency aid" must be called urgently. It is impossible to differentiate poisoning from an attack of appendicitis without a medical examination. Acute appendicitis requires urgent surgical intervention, serious poisoning involves treatment in a hospital.

Antibiotic drugs have a large number of side effects, and vomiting occurs when these drugs are used along with other symptoms.

Causes of vomiting while taking antibiotics:

Vomiting is a side effect of a particular drug;

There is an incompatibility of the antibiotic with drugs taken simultaneously from other pharmacological groups;

During antibiotic therapy, there was a disturbance in the diet or alcohol consumption.

The appearance of vomiting directly depends on the form in which the drug is taken. Antibiotics in pill form are more likely to induce vomiting than the same drugs used in injectable form. Do not give up on a particular medication if oral use causes vomiting. Intravenous or intramuscular injection is worth trying. Adjusting the dosage towards a decrease in the volume or frequency of taking the drug will reduce the risk of this unpleasant side effect, but at the same time, the effectiveness of treatment may suffer.

Antibiotics that can induce vomiting:

Amoxicillin;

Azithromycin (Sumamed);

Tetracycline;

Streptomycin;

Ciprofloxacin (Tsiprobay, Tsiprinol, Tsiprolet);

Ampicillin;

Erythromycin;

Metronidazole (Trichopolum, Metrogyl);

Neomycin;

Cefpodoxime (Cefodox);

Gentamicin;

Doxycycline.

Drugs that provoke vomiting when used simultaneously with antibiotics:

NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Diclofenac, Indomethacin);

Cardiac glycosides;

Estrogens;

Potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate;

Antiviral agents.

Alcohol and the consumption of fatty foods during antibiotic therapy provoke vomiting and increase this side effect.

Can the temperature rise after vomiting and why?

An increase in temperature after vomiting indicates that there is poisoning, hepatitis, intestinal infection (salmonellosis, dysentery). Poisoning with poor quality food manifests itself as diarrhea, a combination of nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain. An increase in temperature can be observed after vomiting. This suggests that toxins have entered the bloodstream. Despite the fact that an attack of vomiting somewhat reduced the amount of poisons that entered the body, even their minimal amount can cause hyperthermia.

Measures for detoxification of the body:

Gastric lavage;

Taking diuretics (Furosemide);

Reception of sorbents (Polysorb, Enterosgel).

If these measures did not give the desired effect, and the temperature did not return to normal, most likely the cause of hyperthermia is intestinal infection (dysentery, salmonellosis) or viral hepatitis. To clarify the diagnosis, you need to consult with an infectious disease doctor.

Can worms provoke vomiting?

Worm infestations provoke vomiting in both children and adults. Its appearance is specific - it is foamy white discharge. It does not appear immediately after infection, but after 2-3 weeks.

At the first stage, a sick person may develop a dry cough and dermatitis, which looks similar to urticaria with allergies. At the end of the first stage, nausea joins these symptoms, abundant discharge saliva, signs of anxiety.

Complications and consequences of vomiting

Short-term vomiting does not cause significant harm to the human body. In contrast, prolonged vomiting causes serious metabolic disorders.

Complications and consequences of prolonged vomiting:

There is a decrease in the volume of intracellular fluid, loss of hydrogen ions, alkalosis develops - a change in the acid-base balance towards alkaline substances;

As a result of the loss of potassium and its excessive excretion by the kidneys, hypokalemia occurs;

Metabolic disorders lead to loss of consciousness and;

As a consequence of hypokalemia, arrhythmia, muscle weakness, nocturnal polyuria appear - an increase in the volume of urine released along with frequent nighttime urination;

With severe vomiting, rupture of the esophageal mucosa, transmural rupture of the esophagus, rupture of the mucous membrane of the esophageal-gastric junction, accompanied by profuse bleeding, is possible.

These complications are especially relevant for children, debilitated patients, and the elderly. Patients with impaired psyche can aspirate vomit into the airways. These complications lead to respiratory disorders, the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia.

With the help of vomiting, the human body is freed from toxic substances.

The exception is vestibular disturbances during motion sickness, a condition after a traumatic brain injury, severe nervous tension, stress.

First aid rules:

You can not stop the emetic act, you should wait for its completion;

After this, the person needs to be seated, cover his chest and knees with a towel or clean rag, put a bucket, a basin at an accessible distance;

If a person suffering from an attack of vomiting can only be in a lying position, you need to try to keep his head below chest level;

A patient who is unconscious should tilt his head to one side so that he does not choke on vomit;

After each attack, you need to rinse your mouth with cool water;

Bed rest for such attacks is observed only when feeling unwell;

To stop vomiting, use Motilium, Cerucal, mint drops, Scopolamine (with motion sickness), if necessary, a sorbent (activated carbon).

Special caution should be exercised if there are blood impurities in the vomit, they look like coffee grounds. This is a sign of gastric bleeding and requires immediate medical attention. Loss of large amounts of fluid from vomiting leads to dehydration. It is necessary to return the lost fluid as soon as possible with plenty of drinking and restore the optimal concentration of mineral salts.

Solutions for relief of mineral deficiency:

Rehydron, Trisol - normalizes the water-electrolyte balance, prevents dehydration;

Gastrolite - in addition to the above properties, it has an anti-inflammatory effect, since the drug contains chamomile extract. The tour is poured with boiling water and insisted until it cools completely;

Salt solution of your own preparation - add 1 tsp for 1 liter of boiled water. salt, 1/2 tsp. soda, 7 tsp. sugar, mix thoroughly until the components are completely dissolved.

Any saline solution should be drunk in small sips at intervals of 5-10 minutes. You can alternate this drink with unsweetened tea or 5% glucose solution. This technique will help to avoid an excess of salts.

How to stop vomiting?

This symptom occurs for many reasons. Vomiting can be eliminated by applying in each case a specific etiotropic treatment aimed at combating the cause of the disease. If the cause cannot be identified, symptomatic agents are used to stop vomiting.

Antiemetic drugs:

In case of a violation of the vestibular apparatus, causing vomiting during motion sickness, take Scopolamine, Ciel. The optimal dose is 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day. Contraindications to the use of the drug Ciel - driving a car, as it reduces concentration;

Vomiting after chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms, as well as repeated bouts of vomiting against the background of gastroenteritis, are eliminated with Emetron and Setronon. The main active ingredient of these funds is ondansetron, the release form is tablets, injection solution. Contraindications - hepatitis of various etiology;

Vomiting, the appearance of which is associated with the work of the central nervous system, is successfully stopped with the drugs Motilium and Cerucal. It can occur with migraine, traumatic brain injury, stomach atony, gastroenteritis. The drugs are taken 1 tablet before meals 3-4 times a day;

Vomiting, as a symptom of the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, is eliminated with the drug Cisapride (Coordinax). The remedy is more effective than Cerucal and Motilium, but its spectrum of action is limited by the digestive system. Scheme of use - 1-2 tablets before meals;

It is probably impossible to find someone who is not familiar with a condition such as nausea. Moreover, the causes of nausea are not always obvious at first glance. Rarely when this condition quickly passes by itself, and it is completely unpleasant when nausea follows a person constantly.

We will talk with you about what factors cause nausea, its causes (except pregnancy, including), and how to get rid of it.

If nausea haunts you constantly, the reasons for this most often lie in diseases of the digestive system, although, of course, there are cases of neurological disorders, endocrine system disorders and heart functioning, in which, along with other symptoms, a feeling of nausea appears.

Nausea - causes

As you know, you can get rid of any symptom if you act on the cause of its appearance. Nausea is no exception.

1. Ulcer and gastritis

If you are haunted by nausea after eating, the reasons for this lie in these inflammatory processes. Along with nausea, there will be such symptoms: heaviness in the abdomen, a feeling of fullness after eating. On an empty stomach, you may feel a burning sensation in the stomach area.

A specialist will help you determine the diagnosis by conducting a series of studies. And also you should forget about spicy, smoked and fatty foods for now and switch to a dietary regimen.

1. Gallbladder problems

In this case, nausea appears even in the process of eating, along with a feeling of bursting from the inside. Concomitant symptoms: metallic taste in the mouth or bitterness, gas formation, pain from the right hypochondrium, heartburn.

1. Symptom of poisoning or intestinal infection

After some time after eating, the person begins to experience nausea, which leads to vomiting. In the navel, pain is noticeably felt, dizziness, weakness appear, and the temperature may rise to 37-38 °. In this condition, it is imperative to take measures, because diarrhea and dehydration will be added to it.

First, drink a couple of glasses in small sips. warm water, you need to induce vomiting. Then your task is to replenish the missing liquid: drink water, fruit drinks, weak teas. Also, two to four tablets of activated carbon will help you. If it is not possible to get rid of vomiting and bile is found in it, dizziness has begun, this may indicate that a serious infection has entered the body (salmonellosis, for example), in this case it is worth calling an ambulance.

1. Inflammatory processes in the kidneys

This cause of nausea is unrelated to food intake. In some cases, nausea can result in vomiting. An important symptom, saying that the cause of this nausea is inflammation in the kidneys, is back pain and problems with urination.

1. Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas

In people suffering from this problem, nausea along with bloating appears after eating, accompanied by pain in the right hypochondrium and the appearance of bitterness in the mouth.

1. Hypertension

With this disease, constant nausea is possible, which most often appears in the morning. Then in the morning, a person with hypertension can observe swelling and redness of the face, increased fatigue, and dizziness often appears.

1. Taking certain medications

If you read the leaflet for the medicines you buy, you will notice that many of them can provoke nausea as a side effect. These drugs include antibiotics, anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory drugs, iron-containing drugs, some vitamin complexes, etc.

1. Concussion

If your head is severely bruised and you feel dizzy and nauseous all the time, see your doctor right away.

1. Symptom of appendicitis

Regardless of the food, nausea can be present in patients with appendicitis, in some cases the nausea turns into vomiting. The pain will first appear in the upper abdomen, then gradually move to the lower right side. An increase in temperature to 37-38 ° is another symptom of appendicitis.

1. Problems with the vestibular apparatus

Sudden dizziness and nausea are common companions to sudden changes in body position when you roll over or get out of bed. Other signs include the appearance of tinnitus, problems with balance, "flies" in front of the eyes, inability to focus on a moving object for a long time.

1. Symptom of a heart attack and heart failure

With these problems, even after vomiting, nausea remains, it is accompanied by pain in the upper abdomen. With heart failure, the following signs are not uncommon: pale skin, hiccups, a feeling of suffocation.

1. Migraine

A slight dizziness may be added to the nausea. If you have nausea due to headaches, you can be "saved" by a quiet, dark room and taking a medication that a neurologist will prescribe for you.

1. Stress

Many have noticed how, with strong excitement and emotional arousal, they begin to feel nauseous. It is necessary to calm down, breathe deeply, the adrenaline in the body decreases and the nausea goes away.

1. One of the symptoms of meningitis

Added to the nausea are high fever - from 38 °, photophobia, a feeling of squeezing in the occipital region.

1. Hypothyroidism - a problem with the thyroid gland

Nausea can be constant, although not pronounced. Appetite may be absent, but weight is still gaining, a constant feeling of drowsiness, fatigue, in hot weather it is cold, in some cases anemia is possible.

1. Pregnancy

Although it is believed that nausea is a frequent companion of almost all pregnant women, especially in the first trimester, this is not the case. Not all pregnant women suffer from bouts of nausea. But if you are not lucky with this, there is consolation that by the time 12-13 weeks, nausea will leave you alone.

1. Tumors

Long-term nausea and vomiting is a characteristic symptom of a malignant tumor. Not only a tumor, but also a blockage, an inflammatory process in the gastrointestinal tract can cause an attack of nausea.

1. Eating sugary foods on an empty stomach can also trigger nausea. In this case, eat a piece of some unsweetened fruit.

1. Hunger

Although nausea usually triggers a lack of appetite, hunger can also lead to nausea due to the sharp drop in blood sugar levels.

In addition to describing the causes of nausea, there is also their division into types:

Types of nausea

"Cerebral nausea", the reason is brain disorders (atherosclerosis, hypertension, brain tumor). In almost all cases, it is accompanied by an increase in intracranial and blood pressure.

"Toxic nausea" - due to poisoning with food or endogenous poisons.

"Exchange nausea" - a consequence of unbalanced nutrition, hungry diets, hypovitaminosis, diabetes, metabolic disorders.

"Vestibular nausea" - as a manifestation of neuroses. This type of nausea is often characteristic of women during pregnancy and menopause.

"Reflex nausea" - a consequence of active irritation of receptors, as well as inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract. Appears regularly after eating in general or consuming certain foods.

Nausea during pregnancy

If a pregnant woman is accompanied by nausea, then most often it appears in the morning, although it may be present constantly throughout the day until the evening. Some pregnant women react with nausea to strong odors.

The causes of nausea during pregnancy in almost all cases include:

• The habit of eating harmful foods, both before pregnancy and during processes, is not proper nutrition.
• Inflammatory processes in the genitals.
• Stress, lack of sleep and excessive fatigue,
• Endocrine system problems
• Cold.

If a pregnant woman with an attack of nausea reacts to a pungent or strong smell - this is just a sign of a heightened sense of smell, there is nothing to be done.

Toxicosis and nausea of \u200b\u200bpregnant women are, of course, not a disease. However, they can and should be dealt with, otherwise they can disrupt the normal course of pregnancy and harm the unborn child. And the harm is brought not so much by nausea as by vomiting, when useful substances are excreted from the body.

The first thing that a woman herself can do is switch to proper nutrition, which should be balanced, and if you really want to eat something that is not entirely healthy (chocolate, for example), then eat a piece, not the whole bar.

The second thing that the environment of a pregnant woman can do is to help get rid of all possible provocateurs of nausea.

Most often, nausea occurs on an empty stomach (due to low blood sugar). Sometimes it is enough to eat something to fill the stomach a little, and the nausea goes away. Unfortunately, it does not always help, so you can do something else:

If nausea comes to you in the morning, try eating a piece of stale bread, a crouton or dry cracker, as well as nuts, dried fruits or fresh fruit without getting out of bed. Sometimes mint tea helps.

If you experience dizziness, severe heartburn, fainting, pressure surges and excessive dry skin along with nausea during pregnancy, contact your doctor.

Causes of nausea in children

Many parents mistakenly believe that their child cannot yet have health problems, because nausea and vomiting they develop only due to food poisoning. However, this is not the case.

1. Children may have increased intracranial pressure. Then nausea appears in the morning along with a headache.

1. Vestibular apparatus - with problems with it, nausea in children appears in transport. You should not feed such a child before the trip, put him closer to the driver, ask him to look straight ahead and let him drink water from time to time.

1. Stress. Children are often nauseous if they are very frightened, offended, or feel guilty, as they try to block out the trouble. Breathing exercises or a simple paper bag can help here.

1. Allergic reaction. Nausea - as a result of intolerance to any product. An allergist will help you determine which one.

1. Excessive food intake. Overeating nausea often occurs in children. If the child does not want to finish eating, then forget about the "clean plate society". You will make him finish eating, feel pride in the satisfaction of your parental will, and then the child will feel sick ...

1. Dehydration. Children often, playing and sweating, may feel an attack of nausea, immediately give them a drink of plain water, this will help remove the attack.

How to get rid of nausea with folk remedies?

• First of all, many people remember ammonia - it is inhaled through the nose. You can put a tablet of validol under your tongue or suck a mint candy.
• You can prepare the following broth: boil 250 ml of milk and put 1 tsp in it. nettle, boil over low heat for 5 minutes, take 1/3 of the broth immediately, and then drink 1 tablespoon every two to three hours. this broth until the nausea releases you.
• A decoction with ginger root helps many: chop it and pour 300ml of freshly boiled water, let it infuse for a while until it cools down to room temperature, and drink it in small sips.
• Collecting herbs will also help in the treatment of nausea: you need to take chamomile (2 tsp), rosemary (1 tsp) and sage (1 tsp), pour 500 ml of boiling water over them, 15-20 minutes. insist and drink in small sips every quarter of an hour.
• At the first signs of nausea, many people are helped by mixed with 0.5 tsp. baking soda juice 0.5 lemon.
• Or you can just mix 0.5 tsp. soda with 250 ml of warm water and drink in small sips.
• You can also try to get rid of nausea by drinking 15 drops of mint tincture dissolved in water.
• Peppermint is good for nausea in the form of an infusion: take dry mint leaves (1 tablespoon), pour boiling water over them (250 ml) and let it brew for two hours. After which the infusion must be filtered. It is used three to four times a day for 1 tablespoon.

As you can imagine, temporary bouts of nausea are not difficult to get rid of. However, if nausea haunts you constantly and painfully, see your doctor, he will be able to determine the causes of nausea and the best option for its treatment. You should not patiently endure this state. With such a relatively "mild" symptom of disturbances in the body, such as nausea, it is much easier to cope with, until this disturbance develops into a serious problem.

Vomiting is a complex reflex act necessary to remove toxic substances from the stomach, but it can occur due to various functional, organic disorders. It is often preceded by nausea. These symptoms accompany all kinds of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine and nervous systems, and even infectious diseases (especially in children). To get rid of these unpleasant manifestations, it is necessary to determine the type of nausea and vomiting (this will help to establish the cause), and then the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Why does vomiting and nausea occur?

Sometimes nausea occurs due to irritation of the vestibular apparatus. So, it is this process that underlies seasickness.

Most often, nausea precedes vomiting, but it so happens that the vomiting act occurs without the unpleasant sensation of a lump rolling up to the throat. Sometimes there is no vomiting after nausea. These painful symptoms arise due to the activation of the vomiting center, and not only pathological processes serve as a stimulus, but also:

• disgusting sensations (gustatory, visual, olfactory);
• irritation of the vestibular apparatus and interoreceptors (motion sickness).

Also, a special chemoreceptor zone is interconnected with the center of vomiting - the trigger zone. Toxins in the stomach stimulate chemoreceptors, the signal from which goes to the trigger zone. In it, mediators are released and the vomiting center is stimulated, from which impulses are sent to the abdominal muscles. They contract and push the contents of the stomach outward. The stomach itself does not take part in the reflex act.

This is not a complete list of all those functional disorders and pathologies accompanied by vomiting and nausea. These unpleasant symptoms can even be psychogenic, occur due to strong emotional experiences, nervous overstrain. That is why in order to accurately determine the cause, it is necessary to undergo an examination.

What is vomiting and nausea?

With the pathology of the digestive tract, vomiting occurs, as a rule, due to the use of heavy, fried, fatty foods, and the patient usually feels relief after vomiting.

Nausea and vomiting most often occurs due to pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and the appearance of toxins in the blood. There are such types of these painful manifestations:

• visceral;
• central origin;
• hematogenous toxic.

The clinical manifestations of these types of vomiting are different. For differential diagnosis you need to pay attention to the following signs:

1. When vomiting occurs. Its appearance is provoked by certain foods (for example, fatty foods), it appears in the morning or at any time of the day, regardless of the meal, or immediately after a meal. For example, with the defeat of the subcardial part of the stomach, vomiting begins soon after eating, and with pyloric pathology - after 2–2.5 hours.
2. Nausea may be an independent symptom or precede vomiting. Sometimes, to relieve the condition, patients themselves induce vomiting. In some diseases, nausea does not precede the emetic act. For example, strong gushing vomiting, which occurs without the sensation of its approach, indicates an increase in intracranial pressure.
3. Does the patient get better after vomiting?
4. The nature of the vomit. It is necessary to determine their acidity, whether they contain impurities of bile, blood or undigested food.
5. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental signs of the underlying disease. The patient is sent to take a blood and urine test. If you suspect a pathology of the gastrointestinal tract is recommended. With vomiting of central origin, a study of the nervous system is necessary (nystagmus, examination of the fundus).

Careful examination and questioning of the patient helps the clinician to most accurately determine the type and cause of vomiting and nausea:

1. Esophageal vomiting, which occurs with stricture, is not preceded by nausea. It manifests itself after eating, not abundant. The vomit contains undigested pieces of food, it has an alkaline or neutral environment.
2. Gastric. It is usually preceded by nausea. It appears 1-1.5 hours after eating, at the height of digestion. Vomit is acidic and contains partially digested pieces of food. The presence of blood in them, as a rule, indicates. After vomiting, the patient feels relief. With tumors of the stomach and esophagus, vomit is putrid in nature.
3. With pyloric stenosis, vomit of neutral or alkaline reaction... They contain a large amount of undigested and partially digested food eaten the day before (food residues can even be from food eaten the day before the onset of the attack). Vomiting in this case is profuse.
4. Due to a violation of the patency of the duodenum, bile is found in the vomit. Especially if the pathology has arisen distal to the nipple of Vater.
5. Visceral vomiting caused by pathology of the liver, bile ducts, renal colic, does not alleviate the patient's condition.
6. Vomiting of central origin occurs at altitude due to increased intracranial pressure. Often there is no previous nausea and does not alleviate the patient's condition.
7. Hematogenous-toxic vomiting, especially in children under one year old, is one of the main symptoms of an infectious disease. It is accompanied by an increase in temperature and the presence of other signs (for example, cough, runny nose or acute respiratory infections).

It should be remembered that vomiting is not only a painful symptom of the disease. It can lead to dire consequences:

• Prolonged vomiting causes dehydration, alkalosis, and heart failure.
• Intense - causes rupture of the esophagus and other serious consequences.
• In infants in their first year of life, vomiting can be fatal.

Therefore, there are many different pills for nausea and vomiting. But the doctor will prescribe them after determining the type of these unpleasant symptoms and the reason why they arose.

Conclusion

Vomiting and nausea is a reflex act necessary to protect the body from poisoning, because it is not without reason that it is caused by unpleasant taste and olfactory sensations. It occurs with a disorder of the vestibular apparatus, but most often indicates the presence of a pathological process. Which one, the specialist will determine. When these unpleasant and painful symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a therapist, gastroenterologist.

With vomiting of central origin, you need to be examined by a neurologist, less often by a psychiatrist. If there is a suspicion of acute myocardial infarction, the help of a cardiologist will be required. And already these specialists will determine why nausea and vomiting have arisen and how to get rid of them.