Exam tasks ancient Russia. Preparation for the exam. History. Repetition. Topic: “Ancient Russia. The period of the first princes

Topic: “Ancient Russia.

The period of the first princes

Cheat sheet number 1.

September. 1st week.

Prince Igor collects tribute from the Drevlyans in 945.

Painting by artist K.V. Lebedev. 1903

I propose a series of cards for preparing for the exam in history - generalization and repetition by topic. The material of each card must be memorized during weeks. Learn guys, repeat. If you systematically engage, then such weekly preparation will surely bring results.

So, the first week of September is the study of the period reign of the first princes. Start with us. Keep up.

Topic: “Ancient Russia. The period of the first princes.
Dates	Developments
	The calling of the Varangians, the formation of the state according to the Norman theory
	Unification of Kyiv and Novgorod by Oleg. Formation of the state according to the anti-Norman theory.
907, 911	Oleg's campaigns against Constantinople, 911 - the first trade agreement.
	The first appearance of the Pechenegs
941, 944	Igor's campaigns against Constantinople, a less successful trade agreement in 944.
945-947	Olga's tax reform.
	Acceptance of Christianity by Olga.
	Defense of Kyiv from the Pechenegs.
964-966	Svyatoslav's campaigns against the Khazars, the defeat of the Khazar Khaganate.
	The defeat of the Volga Bulgaria
970- 971	Wars with Byzantium, an agreement with her.
	Battle of Dorostol (victory over Danube Bulgaria)
PERSONALITY. princes
Rurik 862-879
Oleg 879-912
Igor 912-945
Olga 945- 957 (962)
Svyatoslav 957 (962)-972
Personalities	Briefly about them
Askold and Dir	Kiev princes. They ruled jointly from about 864-882 Rurik's warriors. In 866 (or 860) they made a trip to Tsargrad.
Nestor
Gostomysl	The headman in Novgorod, it was at his time that Rurik and the brothers were invited.
Cyril (827-969) and Methodius (815-885)	Enlighteners, creators of the Slavic alphabet, Christian preachers. FROM 1991 in memory of them, of their activities in Russia, a holiday is celebrated - Day of Slavic writing - May 24.
Sineus, Truvor	Rourik brothers. Sineus ruled in Beloozero, Truvor in Izborsk.
Mal	Prince of the Drevlyans who killed Igor.
Representatives of the Norman theory	German scientists of the 18th century: G.F. Miller, G.Z. Bayer, A.L. Schlozer. At the turn of the 18-19 centuries. they were supported by N.M. Karamzin and S.M. Solovyov. 20th century - L.N. Gumilyov, B.L. Vasiliev.
Representatives of the anti-Norman theory	M.V. Lomonosov, V.N. Tatishchev, D.I. Ilovaisky
Representatives of the centrist theory	A.L.Yurganov, L.A.Katsva and many modern historians
Vasily 1	Byzantine emperor in 867-886
Boris 1	Bulgarian Khan in 852-889
World history
	Fall of the Western Roman Empire. A young man was at the head Romulus Augustus. Barbarian Odoacer raised an army mutiny. consisting of Germanic tribes, in 476 killed his father, deposed the emperor himself
	The emergence of the state of the Franks (until 843) Ruler of the Franks Clovis led troops to Gaul, in which the Roman governor continued to rule. Captured her.
	The rise of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula. It was in this year that the prophet Muhammad the angel Gabriel appeared.
Early 7th century	The emergence of the state among the Arabs. By the end of 630, a significant part of Arabia recognized the authority of Muhammad, which meant the formation of an Arab state (caliphate)
	Formation of the Holy Roman Empire. Founded by a king Otto.

Good day, friends, guys and colleagues! Ivan Nekrasov is with you. IN USE tests on national history very common different types assignments aimed at testing the ability to apper with the material of the course "Ancient Russia". As a rule, these are the first 4 tasks of the part with a choice of answers, by the way, this year RIANovosti confirmed the changes in the KIMs of 2016 (read here) and you know, there is an opinion on the Internet that this will not happen, this is all complete nonsense and nonsense, but not in vain after all, for the second year in a row we are being led to this change, first enter through numbering, so that tasks without a choice of answers will not have a classification, these will be either just questions with a short answer, or oral part, about which a word was said on the PDA + 1-2 tasks of the type with a short / detailed answer.

The price of a mistake, as you understand, is very high and you probably don’t want to lose an extra 5-6 primary points ... First, you need to familiarize yourself with the material of the articles:

Completed? Excellent) And now let's conduct a self-diagnosis of our knowledge on the topics covered. In the coming days, I conducted a special test in our VKontakte group to determine the level of applicants. It is still in the public domain, you can see the tasks and answers of the guys.

The average score of students was at the level of 75 points. The result is not bad, but you yourself understand that this is only the beginning, later from such values, namely their arithmetic mean, a general picture of the knowledge of the course will be formed ... and ancient Russia in the 9th-11th centuries. considered one of the easiest periods to study. What did the guys get wrong?

1. Often, the failing mistake was the inability to single out the most advantageous areas of activity, or the applicants absolutely do not know what it is, although in a dialogue with them, the teachers explained to them the principles of working with the 40 task. Considering the fact that in next year perhaps they will introduce an essay, instead of characterizing a single historical figure, and the score increases to 11 primary ones, the price of a mistake is too high!

2. Many of the students confuse events between historical figures, so for some the contracts of 907, 911 suddenly become the merit of Igor the Old. Bottom line: inability to systematize information and imagine time intervals on a time scale.

3. A similar story, as with personalities, is repeated in dates, many without hearing about the date of creation of the Notification System try to guess, this cannot be done! It is necessary to narrow the circle of suspected dates, so to speak, to go from century to date in a logical chain: period, century, ruler, quarter or third of a century, decade, etc.

This is due to incorrect work with historical material. All this will be covered in detail and clearly in our school of preparation for the exam from ZERO to the result ...

And now remove all manuals, notebooks, close unnecessary browser tabs and read on ... Your task now is to do three simple steps:

1. Solve a thematic test on Ancient Russia in the form with a choice of answers and write down your% completed topic in a notebook

2. Download the archive in the materials of tasks with a short answer. I don’t attach keys to them, your task is to complete the tests on a separate piece of paper and put it aside for now

3. Like and download archive #2. There you will find tasks with a detailed answer. You can solve them and send them to me for verification in personal messages on VKontakte, or to the support service.

4. Go to the Internet and check the answers to the tasks of paragraph No. 2 on your own. Divide 100% by the number of tasks you completed and multiply by the correct number of answers. You will receive%, which you also need to write out to yourself in a notebook.

5. Wait for the verification of part C and receive in response % of the completed test. From these three values, you get a real level of knowledge of the topic, based on which you can work on self-improvement at your level of training.

№1:

Evaluation criteria:

90-100% - congratulations! You are doing everything right, there are practically no mistakes in preparation. Continuing in the same spirit, you will easily cross the threshold of the TOP-10 universities in Russia!

80-90% - the preparation is going well, the material of the period has been mastered qualitatively, there are errors:

a) carelessly

b) technical related to work on part 2

70-80% is an acceptable result for those who seek to enroll in a contract at a local, not prestigious university. If your goals are a little different, it's worth considering ...

50-70% is a terrible result, or you have just started to prepare, have not read the articles and have not learned anything, and if not, then you are thinking in the wrong direction. You definitely need the support of a mentor, because otherwise all your efforts will lead you nowhere. Or, with self-discipline, you will gain GPA- 47 p., or even change your mind about taking history

0-50% - guys, urgently get treated and buy yourself a brain, and take on your head 🙂 It's time to gnaw at the granite of science, as an option to take on yourself hard and spare no time to start preparing before it's too late. Can write me, I will help with all I can:/

By the way, more than 20 people are already ready to start studying, about 9 more people have not yet clearly announced their intention to study at school and are waiting for the rest:

Preliminary list of students of the USE preparation school from ZERO to the result

There are fewer places left. The students can't wait to start taking classes and doing their homework. And we will continue to work on this site in the coming days, subscribe to updates, there will be a lot of interesting material soon ... and also, guys, be careful. Recently, VKontakte was selling some kind of miracle book for 1200 rubles, I asked the "author" for a screen of the page to see what kind of tablet-100 points it was, and it turned out to be Baranov's guide 🙂 Well, on such a cheerful note, I end this article, bye everyone =)

Sincerely, Ivan Nekrasov

By the way, what do you think about this video: / How can I live with this now... 😀

Similar content

Terms and concepts for the section "Ancient Russia"

Anty - the name of the association of Slavic tribes by Byzantine and Gothic writers (VI-early VII c.)

Varangians - (Normans, Vikings) the name of the participants in predatory campaigns - immigrants from Scandinavia (Danes, Norwegians, Swedes)

Druzhina - a group of permanent combat associates, friends of the prince, professional soldiers and advisers to the prince (armed cavalry detachment)

Verv - Old Slavic community

The world is a peasant community. Form of social organization

Temple - a place of idolatry, where a pagan cult copes

Idol - the image of a deity

Magi and sorcerers - priests, ministers of pagan cults

Trizna - ritual actions and a feast in memory of the deceased

Evening meeting of community members (male warriors)

servants, servants

Events - crowded tribal holidays (from -to be together)

Polyudye - collection of tribute from community members in favor of the prince

Otrok, child - junior squad, ordinary soldiers

Voi - people's militia

Rat - army

Warrior - warrior

Outposts - border fortresses

Vira - a fine in favor of the prince in the ancient Russian state

Virnick the fine collector

Glagolitic, Cyrillic - Slavic alphabets created by Cyril and Methodius. (first not

got accustomed)

Gridi - princely warriors, bodyguards of the prince, junior squad.

Outcasts - in Ancient Russia XI-XII centuries. peasants who broke ties with the community and did not

enjoyed her patronage, freed or redeemed

serfs and other persons.

Chronicles - historical works, weather records of the most important events.

A posadnik is an elected official in an ancient Russian city-republic. Chapter

executive power

Posad people (posad) - the commercial and industrial population of Russian cities (townspeople)

who carried duties in favor of the prince (including military service) and paid him

Ognischanin, tiun - steward in the household of the prince

Gardarika - that's how Russia was called in Scandinavia - that is, the country of cities.

Pogost - a tribute collection place, established by Princess Olga

Kupa - loan (grain, cattle)

Purchase - (peasant dependent on the feudal lord) - working in his field for a kupa (loan)

People are communal peasants (hence the commoner)

patrimony - land inherited from father to son (feudal possession)

Tysyatsky - appointed by the prince or elected head of the city government and

militia leader.

Miniature - small colorful drawing

Yoke - (yoke) - oppression, heavy bondage, burdens of enslavement.

Yarlyk-khan letter for the right to own a principality

Ulus - specific possession of the khan (sons and grandsons of Genghis Khan)

Baskaks - tribute collectors

Golden Horde - the state of the Mongol-Tatars

Paiza - a sign of the power of Mongolian officials (silver or gold platinum, on

which were cut out by the orders of the Khan)

Yasa - a set of laws created by Genghis Khan

Exit - payment of tribute to the Golden Horde

The number is a census of the population of Russia by the Mongols to collect tribute.

Basic terms and concepts (16-17 century)

Arshin- a measure of length equal to 16 inches -71.12 cm.

White settlements- the name of the settlements, the population of which was temporarily exempted from state duties.

Vershok- a measure of length equal to 4.4 cm.

Verst- Russian travel measure equal to 1066.7 m.

Head- the name of military and administrative positions in Russia in the 16th-17th centuries.

Golytba- poor poor people. They fled south to the Cossacks and formed the golutvenny (alien) Cossacks.

Golutvenny Cossacks- (golutva - cutting down, a field cleared for processing) - was not included in the registered Cossack army, did not receive any income, was engaged in agriculture.

city ​​clerk- commandant of the fortified city, head of the garrison, later mayor.

Lip- territorial district in Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries. headed by the labial warden.

lip reform- carried out in the 30-50s. 16th century on the withdrawal of cases of robbers from the court of governors and their transfer to the gubernatorial institutions - local governments in the guba. First, they were in charge of the investigation and the criminal court, then the issues of current management.

walking people- the general name of freed serfs, runaway peasants and townspeople. They lived by work for hire and robbery.

Dragoons- a type of cavalry intended for operations on horseback and on foot.

Duma boyars- members of the Boyar Duma, its first rank. In addition to them, it included devious, duma nobles, duma clerks.

Heresy- a trend that deviates from the dogmas of the official church, advocating its transformation.

Zaporizhzhya Sich- organization of Ukrainian Cossacks. It was located beyond the thresholds of the Dnieper in the form of freemen - a Cossack republic with a Sich Rada headed by a ataman.

notch- a defensive line from an external enemy.

Zemshchina- the main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina.

Cossacks - free people who served in the border areas. They created self-governing communities - Cossack freemen with an elected foreman.

Privateering(Dutch - sea robbery) - a legal form of piracy, an attack by armed merchant ships of a belligerent state on foreign ships carrying cargo for the enemy. Used by Ivan the Terrible in the Livonian War.

equestrian- a court position, the highest duma rank. Headed the Stable Order.

penny- Russian small change, put into circulation in 1534, was 1/100 of the ruble.

Serfdom- the most severe form of dependence of the peasants, manifested in their attachment to the land and complete submission to the power of the feudal lord.

Manufactory - a large enterprise with manual labor divided into specialties.

Small commodity production- the work of handicraftsmen who manufacture products for the market in their workshops, mainly without the use of hired labor.

Moskovka- Moscow denga, Russian silver coin (0.34 g)

Mercenaries- the general name of ruined peasants and townspeople, runaway serfs, etc., who were hired and became personally dependent on the employer.

German settlement- a place of settlement of foreigners in Russian cities.

Odnodvortsy - state peasants from former service people "according to the instrument" (archers, gunners, city Cossacks, etc.) until 1840. had the right to own serfs.

Oprich - according to Dahl's dictionary, means: "Outside, besides, outside, beyond what."

Oprichnina- comes from Old Russian "oprich", which means "special", "except". 1. Oprichnina in the Moscow principality was called the "widow's share", which, after the death of the prince, was allocated to his widow. 2. The personal lot of Ivan the Terrible, where a terrorist regime was established, carried out by the guardsmen in the fight against the alleged betrayal among the feudal lords.

Parsuna- (from the word persona) - portraiture, which used the techniques of icon painting in writing portraits.

Scribe books- summary descriptions of the economy for taxable land taxation - sosh letter (collection of taxes from the plow)

Suspenders- peasants and townspeople who lost their economy. They lived in the yards of heavy people, helped them in their work.

podyachy- serving in orders and local institutions (assistant clerk).

Ladles- feudal dependent peasants who worked for the feudal lord, usually giving him half of the harvest.

Polushka- a small change silver coin minted since the 15th century. The smallest coin of the Moscow State, equal to 1/4 kopeck, was 0.17 g of silver

local order is a central government agency. He endowed the nobles with estates, controlled changes in land ownership, conducted an inventory of land and a census of the population, and a search for fugitive peasants. Central court for land issues.

Orders- central authorities

Protectionism- (lat. - protection) - the state policy of protecting the domestic market from foreigners by strengthening exports and restricting imports, introducing high customs duties and a number of other measures.

Rogue order- central state an institution that dealt with the investigation and trial of major criminal cases, the performance of peasants and townspeople, and the control of labial institutions.

Discharges - appointment to the service, taking into account the locality and with an entry in the discharge books, which were kept by the Discharge Order, which was in charge of the affairs of service people, the salaries of the nobles, the military administration, the appointment of regimental and city governors, and the border service.

Split- Separation from the Russian Orthodox Church of part of the believers who did not recognize Nikon's reforms. The supporters of the schism are schismatics (Old Believers), led by Archpriest Avvakum.

Reiters- (German - horsemen) - heavy cavalry in the Russian army, mainly from foreign mercenaries.

Autocracy- a monarchical form of government in Russia, based on the strong, almost unlimited power of the tsar.

"The word and deed of the sovereign"- the system of political investigation of the late XV-XVIII centuries: everyone, under pain of death, is obliged to report on known intentions against the tsar, about treason. The informer uttered the phrase "Word and deed" and stated the fact. The informer and the slandered were subjected to interrogation and torture.

Soha - unit of taxation, measured by the amount of labor, in the XV century. - the Novgorod plow was equal to 3 compressions (an obzhasoshnaya shaft, a measure of land plowed per day by one horse) From the middle of the 16th century. a large plow consisted of several quarters (400-600 hectares of land).

Mill- administrative-territorial unit. 2-3 camps made up the county.

archers- service people, foot soldiers with firearms, made up a permanent army. They were recruited from the free population, they could engage in trade and crafts. The service became lifelong and hereditary with a monetary and grain salary.

Tamga- a state duty levied for the transportation of goods, which was subject to a special stamp - tamga. From this word came the concept - customs, an institution that controls the transport of goods across the border and establishes customs duties.

specific lands- the share of a member of the princely family in the family property, component a large grand duchy, ruled by a member of the grand ducal family - an appanage principality: landed property of the imperial family, created in 1797. from palace grounds.

Enamel- a type of cloisonne enamel (in jewelry art).

Tselovalnik- an official elected from among the townspeople or black-haired peasants to carry out financial, judicial cases. Took an oath (kissed the cross)

Quarter - ancient measure land, equal to 40 fathoms in length and 30 in width. Fathom 2.134 m.

Task 1. Arrange in chronological order historical events. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.

Baptism of Russia

The calling of the Varangians

Rise of the empire of Charlemagne.

Answer

Task 2. Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column

DEVELOPMENTS

YEARS

A) Igor's campaign against Constantinople

1) 882

B) calling the Varangians

2) 988

C) the reign of Prince Yaroslav the Wise

3) 944

D) the adoption of Christianity by Russia

4) 862

5) 945-957

6) 1019 - 1054

Task 3 Below is a list of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, belong to the period of the Old Russian state. Find and write serial number term referring to another historical period.

1) Smerd, 2) landowner, 3) ryadovich, 4) tiun, 5) boyar, 6) purchase.

Task 4 Write the missing phrase.

The economic and social development of the Eastern Slavs was influenced by the trade route passing through the East European Plain, which the Tale of Bygone Years called "the path of ________________".

Task 5. Establish a correspondence between definitions and concepts. In response, write down a sequence of numbers.

DEFINITIONS

CONCEPTS

A) farmers who have concluded a contract with the owner of the land for the performance of work

1) smerdy

B) free or dependent farmers, the bulk of the population of Ancient Russia

2) serfs

C) people who were completely dependent on the owner of the land

3) purchases

D) farmers who took out a loan

4) tiunas

5) Ryadovichi

Write down the numbers in response, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

Task 6. Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A) “In the year 6390 (chronology from the Creation of the world). Oleg went on a campaign, taking with him many warriors: Varangians, Chud, Slovenian, I measure, all, Krivichi, and came to Smolensk with Krivichi, and took power in the city, and planted his husband in it. From there he went down, and took Lyubech, and also made his husband sit down. And they came to the mountains of Kiev, and Oleg found out that Askold and Dir reigned here. He hid some of the soldiers in the boats, and left the others behind, and he himself proceeded, carrying the baby Igor. And he swam to Ugorskaya Gora, hiding his soldiers, and sent to Askold and Dir, telling them that "we are merchants, we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and Prince Igor. Come to us, to your relatives." When Askold and Dir arrived, everyone else jumped out of the boats, and Oleg Askold and Dir said: "You are not princes and not a princely family, but I am a princely family," and showed Igor: "And this is the son of Rurik." And they killed Askold and Dir, carried them to the mountain and buried Askold on the mountain, which is now called Ugorskaya, where Olmin's court is now; on that grave Olma built the church of St. Nicholas; and Dir's grave is behind the church of St. Irina. And Oleg, the prince, sat down in Kyiv, and Oleg said: "May this be the mother of Russian cities." And he had Varangians, and Slavs, and others, nicknamed Rus. That Oleg began to establish cities and established tributes to Slovenes, and Krivichi, and Mary, and established the Varangians to pay tribute from Novgorod at 300 hryvnias annually in order to preserve peace, which was given to the Varangians until the death of Yaroslav.

B) “And Vladimir began to reign in Kiev alone, and set up idols on a hill outside the tower courtyard: a wooden Perun with a silver head and a golden mustache, and Khors, Dazhbog, and Stribog, and Simargl, and Mokosh. And they sacrificed to them, calling them gods, and brought their sons and daughters, and sacrificed to demons, and defiled the earth with their sacrifices. And the Russian land and that hill were defiled with blood. But the most good God did not want the death of sinners, and on that hill now stands the church of St. Basil, as we will tell about it later. Now let's go back to the previous one.

Vladimir planted Dobrynya, his uncle, in Novgorod. And, having come to Novgorod, Dobrynya placed an idol over the Volkhov River, and the Novgorodians offered sacrifices to him as to a god.

CHARACTERISTICS

1) after Oleg, Prince Svyatoslav ruled Russia

2) Oleg was the first of the princes to sign an agreement beneficial for Russia with Byzantium

3) these events refer to the end of the 9th century.

4) Prince Vladimir ascended the throne in Kiev, according to the will of his father Svyatoslav

5) the chronicle speaks of the "pagan reform" of Prince Vladimir

6) "Pagan Reform" failed, but did not stop the prince's attempts to reform the sphere of religion

Fragment A

Fragment B

Task 7. Which three of the following tribes belonged to the Eastern Slavs? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Mordva

2) Dregovichi

3) Tivertsy

4) Whole

5) Sum

6) Vyatichi

Task 8. Fill in the gaps in the sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, select the number of the required element.

A) The founder of the dynasty of Russian princes was the Varangian prince ___________

B) The city ___________ became the capital of the Old Russian state

C) The first collection of laws of Ancient Russia was called __________

Missing items

Kyiv

Elected Rada

Igor

Novgorod

Russian Truth

Rurik

Task 9. Establish a correspondence between the event and the participant of this event: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

DEVELOPMENTS

PARTICIPANTS

A) the conclusion of the first trade agreement with Byzantium

1) Yaroslav the Wise

B) the construction of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv

2) Rurik

C) wars with Volga Bulgaria, Khazaria and Byzantium

3) Oleg Prophetic

D) the baptism of Russia

4) Svyatoslav

5) Vladimir Svyatoslavich

6) Olga

Task 10. Read the excerpt from the annals and indicate the name of the prince

“In the year 6472 (chronology from the Creation of the world). When (the prince) grew up and matured, he began to gather many brave warriors, and was fast, like a pardus (cheetah), and fought a lot. On campaigns, he did not carry carts or cauldrons with him, he did not cook meat, but, thinly slicing horse meat, or animal meat, or beef and roasting it on coals, he ate it like that; he did not have a tent, but slept, spreading a sweatshirt with a saddle in his head - the same were all his other soldiers, And he sent them to other lands with the words: "I want to go against you." And he went to the Oka River and the Volga, and met the Vyatichi, and said to the Vyatichi: "To whom are you giving tribute?" They answered: "We give the Khazars a crack (a silver coin of unknown denomination) from a plow."

Answer____________________

Task 11. Fill in the empty cells of the table using the data presented in the list below: for each cell marked with a letter, select the number of the desired element

PRINCE

DATES OF BOARD

DEVELOPMENTS

Vladimir Svyatoslavich

BUT)____________

strengthening of the southern borders

B) ____________

957-972

IN)

G)

945-957

D)

Yaroslav the Wise

E)

creation of Russian Pravda

Missing items

Svyatoslav

912-945

First trade agreement with Byzantium

Igor

980-1015

Military campaigns in Bulgaria and Khazaria

Olga

1019-1054

Establishing lessons and graveyards

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters

BUT

B

IN

G

D

E

Task 12 Read the passage from the annals.

“In the year 6390 (chronology from the Creation of the world). Oleg went on a campaign, taking with him many warriors: Varangians, Chud, Slovenian, I measure, all, Krivichi, and came to Smolensk with Krivichi, and took power in the city, and planted his husband in it. From there he went down, and took Lyubech, and also made his husband sit down. And they came to the mountains of Kiev, and Oleg found out that Askold and Dir reigned here. He hid some of the soldiers in the boats, and left the others behind, and he himself proceeded, carrying the baby Igor. And he swam to Ugorskaya Gora, hiding his soldiers, and sent to Askold and Dir, telling them that "we are merchants, we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and Prince Igor. Come to us, to your relatives." When Askold and Dir arrived, everyone else jumped out of the boats, and Oleg Askold and Dir said: "You are not princes and not a princely family, but I am a princely family," and showed Igor: "And this is the son of Rurik." And they killed Askold and Dir, carried them to the mountain and buried Askold on the mountain, which is now called Ugorskaya, where Olmin's court is now; on that grave Olma built the church of St. Nicholas; and Dir's grave is behind the church of St. Irina. And Oleg, the prince, sat down in Kyiv, and Oleg said: "May this be the mother of Russian cities." And he had Varangians, and Slavs, and others, nicknamed Rus. That Oleg began to establish cities and established tributes to Slovenes, and Krivichi, and Mary, and established the Varangians to pay tribute from Novgorod at 300 hryvnias annually in order to preserve peace, which was given to the Varangians until the death of Yaroslav.

Using the passage, choose three correct statements from the list below. Write down in response the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Oleg was the first Scandinavian prince invited to Russia by the Slavic and Finnish tribes

2) after Oleg, Prince Svyatoslav ruled Russia

3) Oleg was the first of the princes to sign an agreement beneficial for Russia with Byzantium

4) these events date back to the end of the 9th century.

5) Varangians - hired warriors from Scandinavia in the service of ancient Russian princes

6) Chud, Merya, all belong to the East Slavic tribes

Look at the diagram and complete the task

Task 13 How did the chronicler Nestor call the ancient river route, indicated on the diagram by the number "1".

Task 14. Write the name of the ancient river route, indicated on the diagram by the number "2".

Task 15 What city, located on the shores of the straits connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas, merchants from Scandinavia aspired to?

Task 16. What judgments related to the ancient river routes indicated on the diagram are correct. Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) from Byzantium to the states of Scandinavia, merchants brought honey, wax, hemp

2) one of the reasons for the final decline of the trade route from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea was the capture by the Mongol-Tatars of the lower and middle Dnieper region in the 13th century.

3) the trade route from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea was liquidated after the capture of the capital of Byzantium by the Turks in the middle of the 15th century.

4) between the Western Dvina and the Dnieper, merchant ships were dragged

5) one of the states that controlled trade on the way from the Baltic to the Caspian Sea until the end of the 60s. 10th century was Khazaria (Khazar Khaganate)

6) Prince Oleg concluded a profitable trade agreement between Russia and Byzantium in the middle of the 9th century.

Task 17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding one from the second column

CULTURAL MONUMENT

CHARACTERISTICS

A) Hagia Sophia in Kyiv

1) the oldest Russian chronicle

B) The Tale of Bygone Years

2) the temple was built in honor of the victory over the nomads

C) A Word on Law and Grace

D) Tithe Church

5) the first stone temple in Kyiv

6) the temple is located in Novgorod

Task 18. Look at the picture and complete the task.

Which statements about this image are correct? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) This coin was issued during the existence of the USSR.

2) The event to which the medal is dedicated is associated with the name of Prince Vladimir the Holy.

3) This image shows the symbol of royal power in Russia.

4) One of the authors of the monument depicted on the coin is A. M. Opekushin.

5) The monument depicted on the coin is located in Novgorod.

Task 19. Indicate the image of an architectural monument created closest in time to the event in honor of the anniversary of which the coin was issued. In your answer, write down the number under which this architectural monument is indicated.

From a historical note:

“In the year 6370 they expelled the Varangians across the sea, and did not give them tribute, and began to rule themselves, and there was no truth among them, and clan upon clan stood up, and they had strife, and began to fight with each other. And they said to themselves: “Let’s look for a prince who would rule over us and judge by right.” And they went across the sea to the Varangians, to Russia ... The Chud, Slovenes, Krivichi and all Rus said: “Our land is great and plentiful, but order it doesn't. Come reign and rule over us." And three brothers with their clans were elected, and they took all of Russia with them, and they came, and the eldest, Rurik, sat in Novgorod, and the other, Sineus, on Beloozero, and the third, Truvor, in Izborsk. And from those Varangians the Russian land was nicknamed.

Task 20. Give the title of the document and the name of its author. When is this document created?

Task 21. What event is the document talking about? What caused it? (Give at least three reasons.)

Task 22. What were the consequences of the event described in the document? (List at least two consequences.)

Task 23 According to the chronicle legend, Prince Vladimir was faced with the question of choosing a religion between Western Christianity, Eastern Christianity (Orthodoxy), Islam and Judaism. As a result, he settled on Orthodoxy. Give at least three reasons for this choice.

Task 24. There are debatable problems in historical science, on which different, often conflicting points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.

on the existence of a state in ancient Russia.

Ancient Russia of the X-beginning of the XII centuries. can be called a centralized state.

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it.

Write your answer in the following form.

Arguments to support:

1)...

2)...

Arguments in rebuttal:

1)...

2)...

Task 25. You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:

1) 1019–1054;

2) 1725–1762;

3) 1917–1922

The essay must:

– indicate at least two events (phenomena, processes) relating to a given period of history;

– name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the role of these personalities in the events (phenomena, processes) of a given period of Russian history;

– indicate at least two causal relationships that existed between events (phenomena, processes) within a given period of history.

Using the knowledge of historical facts and (or) the opinions of historians, give one historical assessment of the significance of this period for the history of Russia. In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to use historical terms, concepts,

related to this period.

ANCIENT RUSSIA

Materials for preparing for the exam in history

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIOD.

The formation and flourishing of a single Old Russian state covers the period from the 9th to the 11th century (the frame dates are 862 - the calling of the Varangians and 1132 - the death of Mstislav the Great).

In the 5th-8th centuries. there is a resettlement of East Slavic tribes along the path "From the Varangians to the Greeks" from the Baltic Sea to the mouth of the Danube. These tribes are at the stage of decomposition of the tribal system, which is usually called "military democracy". The stratification of society is insignificant, social structure simple. The bulk of the population isstinks -Ordinary congregants. stand outboyars - tribal nobility, heads of clans,princes - war chiefs, andvigilantes , constituting a permanent military detachment under the prince.

The largest tribal unions of the AF are:

priilmenskie slovenes live near Lake Ilmen and along the Volkhov River, the city of Novgorod

clearing Middle Dnieper, city of Kyiv

Drevlyans city ​​of Iskorosten

northerners the cities of Chernihiv and Pereyaslavl

krivichi Smolensk

Vyatichi Rostov

Polotsk Polotsk

Dregovichi

radimichi

buzhane

Volynians

convict

Tivertsy

duleba

white croats.

Northern unions pay tribute to the Varangians, southern Khazars. In the northeast, the Slavs come into contact with the Finno-Ugric tribes Merya, Muroma, Ves, Chud, Mordva, Korela, Izhora.

The main occupations of the population are slash-and-burn agriculture, cattle breeding, beekeeping, hunting and fishing. Religion-paganism. The main gods are Svarog, Perun, Veles, Dazhdbog, Makosh, Simargl, Stribog, Rod.

The trade route "From the Varangians to the Greeks" had a decisive influence on the process of state formation. The tribal elite became involved in international trade, acquiring luxury goods. The princes began to impose tribute on their relatives, taking it with the skins of fur-bearing animals, and sold these skins to passing merchants, at the same time collecting from them a duty for travel through their territory. This contributed to the concentration of wealth in the hands of the princes and the strengthening of their power.

It is customary to count the history of the Old Russian state from the “calling of the Varangians”. According to the chronicle of Nestor, in 862. The Slovenes near Ilmen, wishing to stop the internecine struggle, invited the Varangian king Rurik to reign. He came with the brothers Snevors and Truvor and a retinue and reigned in Novgorod for 17 years. In 879 Rurik died, leaving a young son, Igor. The prince was his governor or relative Oleg.

In 882 Oleg made a trip to Kyiv, captured the city and made it the capital of his principality. Oleg waged wars with the Khazars and made two trips to Constantinople.

From 912 to 945 Igor Rurikovich reigns in Kyiv, continues the policy of Oleg, fights with the Khazars and also makes two trips to Byzantium. In 945 Igor was killed by the Drevlyans while trying to take tribute again.

His widow Olga avenged his death and streamlined the collection of tribute, established a wagon system, determining the lesson-size of tribute and graveyards-places of tribute collection. Olga was regent for her young son Svyatoslav, made a trip to Constantinople and was baptized.

From 962 to 972, Svyatoslav rules independently, but he spends almost all the time in aggressive campaigns outside of Russia. He defeated the Volga Bulgaria, destroyed the Khazar Khaganate, founded the city of Pereyaslavets on the Danube and planned to move his capital there. But in the war with Byzantium he was defeated, did not hold the conquered lands and was forced to return to Russia. On the way to Kyiv, he died, and after his death there was the first princely civil strife. The eldest son of Svyatoslav Yaropolk killed the middle Oleg, and the younger Vladimir killed Yaropolk and in 9870. became prince of Kiev.

Vladimir reigned from 980 to 1015. he completed the unification of the East Slavic tribes, created a system of defensive fortifications in the South, concluded an alliance with Byzantium and made Christianity the state religion of Russia. After the death of Vladimir, a second princely civil strife took place. Vladimir's stepson Svyatopolk killed four of Vladimir's sons, including Boris and Gleb, the first Russian saints.

As a result, in 1019. Yaroslav the Wise became Prince of Kiev. The period of his reign is considered the time of the highest prosperity of Ancient Russia. Yaroslav defeated the Pechenegs, built the stone St. Sophia Cathedral and the Golden Gate in Kyiv, created the first code of laws, Russian Truth, and strengthened the international authority of Russia.

After the death of Yaroslav, centrifugal processes intensify and the disintegration of a single state begins. The regular order of reigning established by Yaroslav led to endless "moving" of princes and provoked frequent civil strife. Yaroslav's grandson Vladimir Monomakh tried to stop the civil strife and restore the unity of Russia, in 1097. at the Lyubech Congress of Princes, it was decided to stop moving and jointly defend Russia. A crusade was made against the Polovtsians in 1111. During the Kiev reign of Monomakh, the unity of Russia was temporarily restored, the formation of Russian truth was completed, and the Tale of Bygone Years was written. The last prince of united Russia was the son of Monomakh Mstislav the Great. After his death, in the words of the chronicler, "the whole Russian land was inflamed." The so-called specific period began.

During the existence of a single Old Russian state, East Slavic society changed a lot. Social stratification intensified, the social structure became more complex, feudal landownership was formed, stable forms of power organization were formed, culture and the economy were rapidly developing.

CHRONOLOGY

482 - foundation of Kyiv

862 - vocation of the Varangians

879 - Rurik's death

882 - Oleg's campaign against Kyiv, the creation of a single ancient Russian state.

907, 911 - Oleg's campaigns against Constantinople

912 - death of Oleg

941, 944 - Igor's campaigns against Constantinople

945 - uprising of the Drevlyans, Olga's reform

962-972 campaigns of Svyatoslav

972-980 - strife of the sons of Svyatoslav

988-baptism of Russia

1015 - death of Vladimir Svyatoslavich

1015-1019 - strife of the sons of Vladimir

1036 - the defeat of the Pechenegs

1037 - construction of St. Sophia Cathedral

1054 - death of Yaroslav the Wise

1066 - the appearance of the Polovtsy

1097 - Lubech Congress of Princes

1111 - crusade to the steppe

1113-people's uprising in Kyiv

1118 - creation of the Tale of Bygone Years

1132 - the collapse of a single state.

GREAT DUKE OF KIEV

862-879 Rurik, the founder of the dynasty, reigned only in Novgorod.

882-912-Oleg, the first Grand Duke Kyiv, but not Rurikovich.

912-945-Igor Rurikovich, the first Rurikovich on the throne of Kiev.

945-972-Svyatoslav Igorevich (until 962 Olga's regency).

972-980-Yaropolk Svyatoslavich

980-1015-Vladimir Svyatoslavich

1015-1019-Svyatopolk the Cursed

1019-1054-Yaroslav the Wise

1054-1093-Yaroslavichi.

1093-1113-Svyatopolk Izyaslavich

1113-1125 Vladimir Monomakh

1125-1132-Mstislav the Great

PERSONALITIES

GLOSSARY

Definition

Prince

War chief of the tribe

Druzhina

Permanent armed detachment under the prince

Boyars

tribal elders

Tribute

Population tax in favor of the prince

polyudie

Detour by the prince of subject lands in order to collect tribute

Smerd

Ordinary community member

rope

rural community

Vira

The fine for the crime was paid in favor of the prince

Tiun

Prince's key keeper

Magus

pagan priest

Enoch

Monk

hegumen

Abbot of the monastery

Metropolitan

Head of the Russian Church

Bishop

Head of Church District

Veche

People's Assembly

Purchase

Insolvent debtor

Ryadovich

An employee who has entered into a contract for a fixed period

hiring

Hired worker without a contract

serf

Bought slave

forgiver

Criminal enslaved

prince's husband

Senior combatant

Otrok

Junior vigilante

Gridney

Prince's bodyguards

Votchina

Inherited land ownership

Estate

Land held for service

Hryvnia

Monetary unit, 200g of silver

Kuna, cut, nogata

Small monetary units

Lesson

tribute amount

Pogost

Place of tribute collection

lot

The share of a member of the princely family in common ownership

quitrent

Payment by a dependent peasant to a landowner

Corvee

free work a peasant on a landowner's farm

Kremlin

Fortress in the city center

Detinets

The main tower of the Kremlin

Posad

Settlement near the walls of the Kremlin

Hem

Lower part of Kyiv

Tysyatsky

Head of the militia

Plinfa

flat brick

Fresco

Painting on wet plaster

Mosaic

Pattern of pieces of stone or glass

Smalt

Mosaic of their colored glass

Grain, filigree

Jewelry technologies

Veno

Bride price

Cyrillic

The alphabet, invented by Saints Cyril and Methodius for the Slavs in the 9th century, came to Russia along with Christianity

tithe

Part of the tribute allocated by the prince for the maintenance of the church

Norman theory

The concept of the creation of the Russian state as a result of the Varangian conquest was created in the 18th century by German scientists working in Russia (Bayer, Miller, Schlozer).

The next order of reigning "princely ladder"

The order of succession to the throne of Kiev according to the patrimonial, and not family, principle, that is, not from father to son, but from older brother to younger. Until the older generation dies out, the younger generation is not allowed to inherit.

beekeeping

Collection of honey from wild bees

Feeding

Maintenance of the squad by granting the right to collect tribute from a certain territory