Medical syringe

Syringe- a medical instrument intended for injections, diagnostic punctures, suction of pathological contents from cavities.

Principle of operation

When the syringe plunger is raised, if its needle is placed in a vessel with liquid, a vacuum is created between it and the surface. The liquid from the vessel rushes there, since atmospheric pressure acts on it.

Description

Reusable syringe, 5 ml, with glass cylinder and other details in chromed metal.

Typically, a syringe is a hollow graduated cylinder with a cone on which a needle is placed, and an open end through which a piston with a rod is inserted into the cylinder.

In the 1980s, single-use syringes (SHOP, colloquial name: disposable syringes), made almost entirely of plastic, with the exception of the needle, which is still made of stainless steel. The syringe also has a large number of slang names for drug addicts.

Syringe tubes are also used ( English) for single drug administration. But, as a rule, the syringe should be disposable - it is sterile

Basic rules of use

Since the syringe comes into contact with blood during use, attention should be paid to the sterility of the syringe:

• before using a disposable syringe, you must ensure the integrity of the package;
• reusable syringes are thoroughly boiled before use.

For injection, the syringe needle is placed in a container with a drug, after which the necessary amount of the drug is drawn into the syringe barrel by the movement of the piston. Before the injection, you should make sure that there are no air bubbles in the preparation drawn into the syringe. To do this, the syringe is directed with the needle up and with a slight movement of the piston, air is expelled from the syringe along with part of the drug. The skin at the injection site must be wiped with alcohol. In the future, depending on the type of injection, the needle is injected into the patient's vein, under the skin or into the skin or into the muscle, after which the medicine is moved from the syringe into the patient's body by the movement of the piston.

History of creation

The origin of syringes is almost impossible to trace. It is known that they were in Europe around the 13th century, but so far no one has been able to find out where and how they were used before. They were made from a translucent bull bladder, to which a sharp thin tip made of wood or copper was attached. An incision was made on the patient's muscle or vein with a knife, after which the tip was quickly inserted there.

Despite the fact that intravenous injections have been carried out since the middle of the 17th century, the syringe, in the form in which we know it now, was invented only in 1853 by veterinarian Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently from each other.

The first syringes were made from a rubber cylinder, inside of which was placed a well-fitted piston made of leather and asbestos with a metal pin sticking out. A hollow needle was fixed at the other end of the cylinder. Since the cylinder was opaque, notches for dosing the medicine were made not on it, but on the metal pin of the piston.

Cream injector

plastic cylinder with a volume of 200 to 2000 cm3 (2 l) with a piston and an outlet, designed to contain and squeeze out various creams, mainly used to decorate cakes and cakes. The syringe has a set of cornets with different cross-sections and profiles and is mounted at the inlet, through which the cream is squeezed out by a piston onto the surface of the confectionery. The most convenient for work is liter syringes, which ensure the continuity of work with one cake. Small syringes are extremely inconvenient, since they often have to be filled, not only interrupting work, but also interrupting the uniformity of the thickness (intensity) of the pattern applied through the cornets on the cake, which spoils the appearance of the product

Technical syringe

Technical syringe It is intended for introducing liquid or grease lubrication into the nodes of machines and mechanisms, as well as for applying glue, sealant and other viscous substances to various surfaces. The device of a technical syringe is similar to the device of a medical syringe, but differs large sizes and (often) the presence of a lever mechanism for driving the piston. As a rule, units that are lubricated with a syringe have a special unit - a grease fitting with a check valve that prevents leakage of grease after the syringe is disconnected. There are disposable (filled with working fluid at the factory) and rechargeable (filling by the consumer) technical syringes.

Types of disposable syringes used in Russia

see also

Sources

Links

• Official website of the inventor of the world's first self-locking syringe (in English)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Synonyms:

See what "Syringe" is in other dictionaries:

A small douche used for medicinal purposes. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907. SYRINGE German. Spritze. Small hand spray pump. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words included in ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

BUT; m. [it. Spritze] A medical instrument in the form of a cylinder with a piston and a hollow needle for injecting drugs under the skin, into muscles, veins, etc. or for suction of liquid contents from cavities. * * * syringe (German Spritze, from spritzen to splash), ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

SYRINGE, syringe, husband. (German Spritze). The device for hypodermic injections in the form of a cylinder equipped with a piston with a hollow needle. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

SYRINGE, a, pl. s, ev and (colloquial) s, ov, husband. Medical instrument cylinder with a piston and a needle for injection or suction of liquids. | adj. syringe, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Shirka, layba, button accordion Dictionary of Russian synonyms. syringe n., number of synonyms: 12 accordion (17) germanism ... Synonym dictionary

In count constituent parts syringes can be divided into 2 and 3 component (2 and 3 component, 2 and 3 detailed).

How to choose a syringe? Which syringe is better, 2-component or 3-component?

Two-component syringes consist of 2 parts (components): a cylinder and a piston

Three-component syringes consist of 3 parts (components): a cylinder, a piston and a rubber seal

PRICE

As a rule, the cost of two-component syringes is lower than their three-component counterparts. This is largely due to the simplification of manufacturing technology: it is easier and cheaper to create a syringe from 2 parts than from 3 parts.
Choose a syringe according to key characteristics and optimal price you can on our website: Catalog --> Syringes

EXPLOITATION

For displacing the piston of a two-component syringe may need the application of greater force and its course is not as free as that of a three-component one, and accordingly, after a while, the specialist using these syringes in his work will get tired

Due to the fact that when the syringe plunger is driven, the plastic rubs against the plastic, control of the uniformity of the injection may be difficult , which, again, requires the medical worker using this syringe to increase the tension of the muscles of the hands, which leads to their rapid fatigue

With a smoother (see 3-component syringe) sliding of the piston inside the cylinder, the injection to the patient should be less painful.

However, a rubber seal is no guarantee that the syringe will run smoothly, and its absence will not spoil the smooth running of a good two-component syringe.

If you are not using the syringe for the purpose of immediately injecting the drug into a living organism, please note the following. In 3-piece syringes, the seal ("rubber" part) may react with some chemicals.
Therefore, if contact with an aggressive environment is expected, specify the possible interaction of your solution with the sealant material. Often, for the collection of aggressive chemical substances, it will be strategically correct to take a 2-component syringe. So, for example, this may concern the dental field (pre-filled syringes with a special composition), the field of chemical and biological research.

Given the above, it is absolutely wrong to assume that 2-component syringes are syringes of the past generation and now they are irrelevant.
They are still in demand, but the areas of their use are quite specific.

SAFETY

RISK OF PLASTIC MICROPARTICLES IN THE INJECTION SOLUTION

There is an opinion that when the piston rubs against the cylinder of a two-component syringe, particles of the polymer material of which they are composed can be “scraped off” by the piston from the inside of the cylinder and, together with the contents of the syringe, enter the tissues of the body upon injection.

The three-component syringe has a special rubber part, which improves the sliding of the piston inside the barrel and eliminates the possibility of scraping the plastic inside the piston, and also provides greater tightness and prevents the injection solution from getting beyond the surface of the piston with a rubber nozzle

The rubber part (component) of the syringe may contain natural latex, which can cause allergic reactions if predisposed. It should be noted that in the production of most modern three-component syringes, synthetic hypoallergenic materials that do not cause allergies are used.

The reverse side is a possible reaction of the sealant material with the solution. For details, see the "Operation" section above.

DISPOSAL

It is known that disposable medical syringes are subject to disposal after use. The healthcare worker who is responsible for the preparation of syringes for disposal knows that the preparation 2-component syringes are much easier. It consists in "disassembling" the syringe into its component parts: the medical worker disconnects the needle from the syringe in one of the ways, depending on the availability of special devices in the medical institution:

• removing the needle with a needle remover;
• cutting off the needle with a needle cutter with an integrated puncture-proof container for needles;
• needle destruction using a needle destructor - a device for burning needles by exposure to high temperature.

You may also be interested in the article Types of attachment of the needle to the syringe.

2. Syringe volume

Depending on the volume of the injected drug, syringes of different volumes are used (in our catalog you can select the volume using filters)

Some syringes have extra space in excess of the stated nominal volume.

3. Type of attachment of the syringe

LUER-LOK The strongest fastening of a needle - Luer Lock (Luer Lok) - type of fastening "lock". AT this case the needle is screwed into the syringe, which provides a type of connection that will withstand even the strong expulsion pressure created by the movement of a viscous liquid and you can be sure that the needle will not "jump" and the expensive drug will not spill.
For injection of viscous preparations, oil-based solutions, gels and other dense preparations, it is better to use a Luer-Lok syringe.

LUER-SLIP

For the introduction of liquid preparations with a low degree of viscosity, a syringe with a conventional Luer (Luer Slip) Luer (Luer Slip) mount is quite suitable.
Such a syringe is much cheaper (2-2.5 times) than its analogues in terms of volume with a Luer Lock fastener.

INTEGRATED NEEDLE
When using syringes with a soldered (integrated) needle, needle breakage is excluded, this is a plus.
But the needle cannot be replaced with another, that is, only the built-in needle is used, this is a minus.
The integrated needle is used only on small volume syringes (0.3 ml, 0.5 ml and 1 ml) - the so-called "diabetic" syringes.
According to the type of scale graduation, such syringes are U-100 (orange cap) and U-40 (red cap)

4. Needle for injection

In most cases, a syringe comes with a needle (it can be put on or attached next to it in a blister).
Not always a standard needle is suitable for the purpose. As a rule, a standard needle on a syringe:
2ml - 23G (0.6*30), blue color
5ml - 22G (0.7*40), black color
10ml and 20m - 21G (0.8*40), green color
These needles are suitable for classical intramuscular injections of the drug, set by the volume of the syringe.
If you need a needle of greater or lesser length, thicker or thinner, then the needles are purchased separately.

You can purchase injection needles for syringes with luer slip and luer lock in our online store Catalog --> Injection needles

The standard needle that comes with the kit takes the drug from the vial, and then the needle is changed to a suitable one for your purposes.

For example, for a 5-year-old child, it is better to do an “injection in the ass” not with a 3-4cm (30-40mm) needle, but with a smaller one, for example, 2-2.5cm (20-25mm). And if the drug is not viscous, then you can take a needle thinner than 23-21G (for example, replace it with a 24-27G needle) /

The same needle is suitable for injection into the shoulder of an adult with a small subcutaneous fat layer.

In contrast, long and thick needles may be required for the treatment of joints, which we also have in stock.

Video material: two-component, three-component syringes, luer-lock and luer-slip fastening

What kind of syringe to prick a child?

- Selection of the volume of the syringe for injection.

The volume should correspond to the volume of the drug solution that you plan to administer to the baby, but 0.5-1 cube more. Often, syringes have extra space, such as a 2 ml syringe. can have a scale up to 2.5 ml., and a 5 ml syringe. - scale up to 6 ml. You can also see the product photo - perhaps the syringe has an additional volume.

If you need a 2 ml syringe, then a 3 ml will do. But, with an increase in the volume of the syringe, the product becomes more expensive, so there is no point in overpaying for empty cubes.

- Choose a two- or three-component syringe.

It will be more convenient for you to use a 3-component syringe (the one with a rubber seal). It will provide a more even (without jerks) injection and eliminate the leakage of the drug (drug leakage occurs more often when using low-quality 2-component syringes, i.e. poorly assembled and without a rubber seal on the piston)

- High-quality syringe from a trusted manufacturer.

You can choose products of recognized leaders in the production of high quality syringes in our catalog.

They have a smooth ride, a transparent cylinder, it will be easy for you to use it.

The range includes syringes with a volume of 0.3ml, 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 3ml, 5ml and more.

- Choice of injection needle.

There is a high probability that the needle that comes with the syringe is not suitable for your baby. It is important to approach the choice of needles very carefully. Ask your healthcare provider which needles are needed for your prescribed injections. Of course, you want to prick the baby with the thinnest and most painless needles, but this is not always possible, because. the injected substance may be viscous and the injection will be difficult. Therefore, it is important to know the thickness and length of the desired needle. There are syringes supplied without a needle.

In medicine syringe

Medical instrument intended for injections, diagnostic punctures, suction of pathological contents from cavities. It comes from the German Spritze (from spritzen - to splash).

When using site materials

syringe passed long history from the invention of Hippocrates to three-piece disposable designs. Today, the types of syringes and needles are quite diverse and the choice depends on what exactly they are used for.

History of the syringe

The first types of syringes were created in antiquity. So, Hippocrates used the bladder of a pig, and the first reusable syringes, which gained some distribution at the end of the Middle Ages, were made of rubber. The first injection devices, similar to modern ones, were invented by the scientist Blaise Pascal, but then the novelty went unnoticed. Around the same time, the German scientist Elsholtz conducted his experiments on injections. The first injection devices similar to modern ones appeared in the 19th century, and disposable versions of the device appeared in the middle of the 20th century. Inventor Murdoch was a veterinarian and patented his brainchild in New Zealand. After a short time, he got the idea to apply the novelty for subcutaneous and intravenous injections not only in cows, but also in humans. The first disposable syringes were not very perfect, because they consisted of only two components: a piston and a cylinder. Several decades ago, the idea arose to create a three-component syringe. All current types of disposable syringes can be divided into several categories: the volume of the cylinder, the position of the cone-tip, the needle attachment and design.

Volume

The volume of the syringe can be small, standard and large.

• Small volume syringes include types such as insulin, tuberculin, for neonatology and for skin tests for allergies, as well as for vaccination.
• Standard volume syringes are needed for subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections and intravenous injections. All devices with a volume from 2 mm to 22 can be attributed to the standard.
• A large volume is needed for procedures such as rinsing the cavity, aspirating fluids and introducing nutrient media. Large devices include devices with a volume of 30 ml, 60 and 100.

cone-tip

concentric tip position. In this case, the cone is located directly in the middle of the cylinder. This arrangement is typical for syringes, which are used for injections under the skin and into the muscle.

An eccentric or offset position is needed for a 20 ml syringe. used to draw blood from a vein. Their tip is located in the side of the cylinder.

Needle attachment

There are three types of fastening of needles to cylinders: fixed (integrated), fastening of needles of the luer type and fastening "luer-lock".

• An integrated or non-removable needle attachment is found in syringes with the smallest volume: 0.3 or 0.5 ml.
• Fastening needles of the "Luer" type. The most popular type of fastening of needles, in which they are put on the cylinder, more precisely, its protruding part. This is a standard fastening of needles for devices with different volumes - from 2 ml. up to 100. Sometimes it happens with millimeter syringes.
• "Luer-lock". This is a fastening in which the needle is screwed into the cylinder. Typically, luer-lock occurs in syringes with a machine drive and in droppers. Sometimes they are also used for simple injections, but this is not very convenient, because it is not so easy to change such a needle and then disassemble the syringe. But if you need a particularly strong connection of needles and syringes, then Luer-lock is quite suitable.

Yes, and there are many varieties of injection needles. They are divided by size, they are infusion, puncture-biopsy and transinfusion. They are also divided into normal ones, with a bead, an emphasis and a side hole. You can also divide them into curved and straight, and also according to the shape of sharpening: it can be spear-shaped and dagger.

Design

There are two-component and three-component injection devices.

The two-component consists of only a piston and a cylinder and is considered obsolete, besides, it can make the injection painful. It can be mobile in the hands of a medical worker, and this affects the mobility of the needle, and hence the pain of the injection.

Three-component ones are considered modern, in the design of which a rubber seal is also added to the piston. It makes the operation of the device smooth and soft, besides it guarantees that no particles of the materials from which the piston and cylinder are made will get under the skin of the patient.

And most importantly, three-component syringes make injections completely painless, because “picking with a needle” in the muscles and subcutaneous tissue is excluded here.

Syringe expiration dates

The expiration date of disposable syringes does not differ much depending on the volume or whether the syringe is three-component or two-component. But still, the shelf life depends on the type of sterilization. She also has different types, but depending on the type of this procedure, the shelf life of the device can vary from three years to five. During this period, the syringe should not lose all its properties and remain non-toxic and sterile. When the storage period has expired, the device can be used for injections, but only if the syringes have been stored away from sun rays: in this case, a disposable syringe still does not pose a danger. If the storage period exceeds ten years, all materials in it age and all its properties deteriorate. In addition, such a long shelf life with poor-quality packaging can affect the fact that bacteria penetrate into the syringe.

Disinfection of disposable syringes - processing rules

For parenteral administration medicines syringes of the "Record" and "Luer" types (reusable and disposable) are used. The syringe consists of a hollow cylinder with a scale, a needle cone, a piston with a rod and a handle.

There are various types of reusable syringes(Fig.2):

· Fig. 2a - syringe "Record". It has a glass cylinder, the outlet end of which is closed with a metal tip with a needle cone. At the other end of the cylinder is the same stainless steel metal rim. The piston looks like a short metal cylinder into which a metal rod with a flat handle is screwed.

· Rice. 2b - Luer syringe. All parts of this syringe are made of glass.

· Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d - tuberculin syringe and insulin syringe (combined). Available in 1.0 ml capacity.

· Fig. 2d - syringe combined. This type of syringe is characterized by the presence of a tip with a cone made of metal, other parts of the syringe are made of glass.

· Fig. 2f - Janet's syringe (syringe for washing cavities). It is mainly used in urology and gynecology.

Syringe for single use in a sealed package

syringe tube filled with medicinal substance

needleless injectors

The choice of syringe for injection depends on the type of injection and the amount of drug administered:

For intravenous injections, syringes with a volume of 0.5-1.0 ml are used. (e.g. tuberculin)

for s / c injections - 0.5-2.0 ml

for intramuscular injections - 2.0-10.0 ml

for intravenous injections - 10.0-20.0 ml

Syringes are available with a capacity / volume of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 5.0 ml, 10.0 ml, 20.0 ml.

rice. 2a fig. 2b fig. 2c fig. 2d fig. 2d

Rice. 2. Types of syringes

injection needle- a hollow, narrow metal tube made of stainless steel. One end is obliquely cut and pointed for better penetration, and the other ends with a head (cannula) for connecting to a syringe or an elastic tube. Depending on the purpose, medical needles are divided into injection, puncture-biopsy and surgical. Injection needles are designed for the introduction of drug solutions, blood sampling from a vein or artery, blood transfusion. The outer diameter of the needle ranges from 0.4 to 2 mm, length - from 16 to 150 mm. The number of the needle corresponds to its dimensions (for example, No. 0840 means that the diameter of the needle is 0.8 mm, the length is 40 mm).

There are the following types of needles reusable:

Needle 15 mm long and 0.4 mm in section - for intravenous injections (0415)

Needle 20 mm long and 0.4-0.6 mm in section - for s / c injections (0420)

Needle 40 mm long and 0.8 mm in section - for intravenous injection (0840)

Needle 40-60 mm long and 0.8-1 mm in section - for intramuscular injections (1060)

The choice of needle diameter also depends on the consistency of the administered medicinal substance. For example, for long transfusions of viscous fluids and blood, a Dufo needle is used, needles with a finger rest are for intradermal injections, and needles with a safety bead are used to limit the depth of insertion.

Currently mainly used disposable syringes and needles both Russian and foreign manufacturers. Their use dramatically reduces the risk of infectious complications, they are convenient and do not require preliminary sterilization.

Types of injection needles disposable

Type of injection	Needle diameter (mm)	Needle length (mm)	Cannula Color Manufacturer
Intradermal (i/c) Subcutaneous (s/c)	0.33-0.5 - (insulin - s / c, tuberculin - s / c); 0.4 - 0.66 -p / c	12.0; 16.0 (insulin subcutaneously, tuberculin - intradermally) 25.0;	Colorless, orange, blue (Russian); gray, brown, purple, blue (imported)
Intramuscular (i / m)	0,7; 0,8; 0,9 0,6 - 0,7 1,1 - 1,5	38.0 - 40.0; 50.0; 60.0; 70.0 - with overweight 30.0 - 32.0 - in the thigh; 30.0 - 40.0 - for viscous solutions	Greens (Russian); black, green, yellow (imported)
Intravenous (IV)	0,8 1,5	38.0 - 40.0 38.0 - 40.0 - for taking donated blood	Green, red

Disposable syringes are divided into two large groups: two-component and three-component.

Three-component syringes Disposable needles

Two-component syringe consists of two parts: a cylinder and a piston, three-component syringe consists of three parts: a cylinder, a rubber piston and a plunger (piston pusher). Two-component disposable syringes are most often used in medical practice for subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. These syringes have a standard volume - 2, 5, 10 and 20 ml. Three-component disposable syringes are various sizes and with different type needle connections:

- Small volume syringes (0.3; 0.5 and 1 ml) used for accurate insertion medicines in small volumes. They are used in endocrinology (insulin syringes - for subcutaneous administration of insulin), phthisiology (tuberculin syringes - for intradermal administration of tuberculin), neonatology, as well as for conducting allergological intradermal tests.

- Standard volume syringes (2, 5, 10 and 20 ml) with a Luer connection, Luer-Lock is used in all areas of medicine for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and other injections (anesthesiology, intensive care, ambulance and emergency medical care, Emergency Medicine). The Luer-Lock connection (the needle is screwed into the syringe) is especially valuable when administering drugs into dense tissues (under the perichondrium, under the periosteum), when taking biological material, and also when administering drugs using infusion pumps (perfusors, infusion pumps). Such devices are used in anesthesiology, during intensive care, in oncology, neonatology, when slow dosed administration of drugs in small volumes is necessary for several hours or days.

- Large volume syringes (30, 50/60, 100 ml) with a Luer, Luer-Lock connection with a tip for a catheter nozzle are very widely used in various fields of medicine: syringes with a volume of 50/60 and 100 ml with a catheter type connection (Janet type) are convenient for feeding through a tube (in surgery, neurology, pediatrics) , as well as for the introduction of drugs and solutions through catheters ( urinary catheter, pleural drainage, washing of abscesses and cavities). The 30 and 50 ml Luer-lock syringes are convenient when large dilutions of intravenous drugs are needed.

- Light-protective syringes intended for the introduction of drugs that are destroyed by exposure to light.

Today, syringes are produced in volumes from 0.3 to 150 ml. It is widely believed that they differ only in the number of cubes in the cylinders, this is not true: there is a difference in design features. It is explained by the difference in the appointment of syringes. At the same time, there is no strict dependence of the size on the type of cannula, that is, the needle.

Indeed, with a smaller volume syringe, as a rule, smaller needles are used. But there can be several subtypes of these needles for each size of syringes, for example, a “five” syringe can be produced with a needle of 0.7X40 mm, or 0.8X40 (where 0.7 and 0.8 mm is the outer diameter of the needle, and 40 mm - length of the metal part). To understand the volume of syringes, we have prepared a table and a photo.

Small-volume syringes (0.3; 0.5; 1 ml) are needed when it is important to inject the drug up to 1 milliliter and an error of one tenth (hundredth) of the dose can dramatically affect. Syringes of this volume are used by diabetics or for intradermal allergological tests.

Medium volume syringes (2; 3; 5; 10; 20 ml) are the most common sizes. They are used for injections of all types (intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous) and are available with both types of needle attachments: Luer Lock, Luer Slip.

Large volume syringes (30, 50, 60, 100 ml) with a Luer Lock connection (because the drug is injected under pressure) are used in infusion pumps and perfusors (syringe pumps - devices that allow, for example, in addition to the drug from a dropper, to inject medicine from syringe at a certain predetermined speed).

The same volumes of syringes, but with a connection under the catheter, are more often used for feeding through a tube, administering drugs through the urinary canals and drains, washing abscesses and cavities.