The meaning of the Party Control Committee in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, BSE. Central Control Commission of the CPSU Committee for Control of Conscience

Committee for Monitoring Conscience Recently, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child dedicated an entire report to the Catholic Church. The tone of this report reminded Europeans of the verdicts of the revolutionary tribunal of the time of Robespierre, and to us - the political campaigns of the era of the “cult of personality.” Committee

"JEWISH ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE"

In May-July 1952, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR considered the case of a group of people associated with the work of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee. 15 people were involved in this case:

1. Lozovsky Solomon Abramovich, born in 1878, member of the CPSU since 1901, previously worked as deputy head and head of the Sovinformburo, before his arrest - head of the department of international relations of the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks;

2. Fefer Isaac Solomonovich, born in 1900, member of the CPSU since 1919, poet, secretary of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee;

3. Yuzefovich Joseph Sigismundovich, born in 1890, member of the CPSU since 1917, junior researcher at the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences;

4. Shimeliovich Boris Abramovich, born in 1892, member of the CPSU since 1920, chief physician of the Central Clinical Hospital named after. Botkin;

5. Kvitko Leiba Moiseevich, born in 1890, member of the CPSU since 1941, poet;

6. Markish Perets Davidovich, born in 1895, member of the CPSU since 1942, poet, secretary of the audit commission of the Union of Writers of the USSR;

7. Bergelson David Rafailovich, born in 1884, poet;

8. Gofstein David Naumovich, born in 1889, member of the CPSU since 1940, poet;

9. Zuskin Veniamin Lvovich, born in 1889, artistic director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater;

10.Talmi Leon Yakovlevich, born in 1893, journalist-translator of the Sovinformburo;

11.Watenberg Ilya Semenovich, born in 1887, senior control editor of the State Publishing House of Fiction in Foreign Languages;

12.Theumin Emilia Isaakovna, born in 1905, member of the CPSU since 1927 i., editor of the international department of the Sovinformburo;

13.Vatenberg-Ostrovskaya Chaika Semyonovna, born in 1901, translator of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee;

14.Stern Lina Solomonovna, born in 1878, member of the CPSU since 1938, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, director of the Institute

physiology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and head of the department of physiology of the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute;

15.Bregman Solomon Leontievich, born in 1895, member of the CPSU since 1912, Deputy Minister of State Control of the RSFSR.

The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee was created during the Great Patriotic War in order to mobilize the Soviet and world public opinion against the atrocities of fascism. The beginning of the activities of the JAC dates back to February-April 1942.

The chairman of the JAC was People's Artist of the USSR S. M. Mikhoels, the executive secretary was Sh. Epstein, and then I. S. Fefer. The Committee had its own printed organ - the newspaper "Einikait", which was distributed both in the USSR and abroad.

On October 12, 1946, the USSR Ministry of State Security sent a note “On the nationalistic manifestations of some workers of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee” to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Department foreign policy At the same time, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks organized an audit of the activities of the JAC. The note on the results of the inspection, addressed to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, said that members of the JAC, forgetting about the class approach, carry out international contacts with bourgeois figures and organizations on a nationalist basis, and when talking about the life of Soviet Jews in bourgeois publications, they exaggerate their contribution to the achievements of the USSR, which should be regarded as a manifestation of nationalism. It was emphasized that the committee was actively developing its activities within the country, assuming the functions of the chief commissioner for the affairs of the Jewish population and an intermediary between this population and the party-Soviet bodies. As a result, it was concluded that the committee’s activities had gone beyond its competence, acquired functions unusual for it, and was therefore politically harmful and intolerable. In this regard, a proposal was made to liquidate the JAC. A note of similar content was sent by M. A. Suslov on November 26, 1946 to I. V. Stalin.

The immediate pretext for initiating a criminal case against the leaders of the JAC was, as it was later established, the falsified testimony of a senior officer obtained as a result of illegal investigative methods. research fellow Institute of Economics of the USSR Academy of Sciences I. I. Goldshtein, arrested on December 19, 1947, and senior researcher at the Institute of World Literature of the USSR Academy of Sciences Z. G. Grinberg, arrested on December 28, 1947. In their testimony, they alleged that S.A. Lozovsky, I.S. Fefer and other members of the JAC of anti-Soviet nationalist activities. The interrogation protocols of I. I. Goldstein and Z. G. Grinberg, exposing these persons, on January 10 and March 1, 1948 were sent by the Minister of State Security V. S. Abakumov to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

On March 26, 1948, the USSR MGB sent another note “On the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee” to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, which indicated that the leaders of the JAC

are active nationalists and carry out anti-Soviet nationalist work, especially evident after the trip of S. M. Mikhoels and I. S. Fefer in 1943 to the USA, where they came into contact with persons allegedly associated with American intelligence.

“To approve the following decision of the Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the USSR:

The Bureau of the Council of Ministers of the USSR instructs the Ministry of State Security of the USSR to immediately dissolve the “Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee”, since, as facts show, this committee is the center anti-Soviet propaganda and regularly supplies anti-Soviet information to foreign intelligence agencies.

In accordance with this, the press organs of this committee are closed and the committee’s affairs are taken away. Don't arrest anyone yet."

It has been established that G. M. Malenkov, who was directly related to the investigation and trial, bears direct responsibility for the illegal repression of persons involved in the “case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee”. On January 13, 1949, he summoned S. A. Lozovsky and, during a long conversation, which was attended by the Chairman of the CPC under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, M. F. Shkiryatov, sought from S. A. Lozovsky a confession of his criminal activities. . For these purposes, G. M. Malenkov used what was sent to I. V. Stalin 5 years ago - February 15, 1944 - signed by S. M. Mikhoels, Sh. Epstein, I. S. Fefer (members of the JAC) and edited by S. A letter to A. Lozovsky with a proposal to create a Jewish Socialist Republic on the territory of Crimea.

After the conversation, G. M. Malenkov and M. F. Shkiryatov wrote a note addressed to I. V. Stalin with a proposal to remove S. A. Lozovsky from the membership of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks with the following wording: “for politically unreliable connections and unworthy of a member of the Central Committee behavior".

By the decision of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of January 18, 1949 (by poll), S. A. Lozovsky was removed from the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and expelled from the party, and on January 26, 1949 he was arrested. In January, members of the JAC B. A. Shimeliovich, I. S. Yuzefovich, L. M. Kvitko, P. D. Markish, D. R. Bergelson, I. S. Vatenberg, Ch. S. Vatenberg-Ostrovskaya were also arrested , E.I. Teumin. Earlier, in 1948, I. S. Fefer, V. L. Zuskin and D. N. Gofshtein, who were involved in this case, had already been arrested.

Using the fact of the dissolution of the JAC, as well as the political accusations and falsified interrogation materials contained in the above notes, V. S. Abakumov and his entourage accused the committee members of state, counter-revolutionary crimes.

It was established that the investigation was conducted with gross violations of the law and the use of unauthorized methods to obtain “privilege”

significant testimony." Despite this, during the first interrogations S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer and others denied their hostile activities. Then everyone, except B. A. Shimeliovich, was forced to “admit” themselves guilty and testify about espionage and anti-Soviet activities carried out by members of the JAC.

S. D. Ignatiev, appointed Minister of State Security of the USSR, after familiarizing himself with the materials of the investigation, in a letter dated August 24, 1951 addressed to G. M. Malenkov and L. P. Beria, reported that “there are almost completely no documents confirming the testimony of those arrested about the investigation carried out by them.” espionage and nationalist activities under the guise of the JAC,” and also informed about the planned expansion of activities in the case.

On April 3, 1952, S. D. Ignatiev sent an indictment to I. V. Stalin, copies of which were sent to G. M. Malenkov and L. P. Beria. The accompanying letter suggested a punishment - execution for all the accused, with the exception of L. S. Stern.

The case was sent on April 7, 1952 to the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, where it was considered from May 8 to July 18, 1952 under the chairmanship of the Chairman of the Military Collegium A. A. Cheptsov, without the participation of representatives of the state prosecution and defense. The Military Collegium sentenced S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer and others - a total of 13 people - to death, and L. S. Stern - to imprisonment for 3 and a half years and subsequent exile for 5 years.

There are explanations from A. A. Cheptsov about the circumstances surrounding this verdict. Their essence boils down to the fact that the accusation of innocent people and the signing of an unjust verdict for them was predetermined in advance by the higher management.

As A. A. Cheptsov states in an explanation sent on August 15, 1957 to member of the Presidium of the CPSU Central Committee G. K. Zhukov and - in a copy - to other members of the Presidium of the Central Committee: N. S. Khrushchev, N. A. Bulganin, M. A Suslov, L. I. Brezhnev, K. E. Voroshilov, N. M. Shvernik and A. I. Mikoyan - even before the start of the trial, S. D. Ignatiev and his deputy M. D. Ryumin informed him that according to Their report to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks made a decision to shoot all the accused except L. S. Stern.

In this and subsequent explanations to the CPC under the Central Committee of the CPSU, A. A. Cheptsov indicates that the court had doubts about the completeness and objectivity of the investigation of the case, and therefore it was subject to referral for further investigation, but this was not done.

According to the explanations of A. A. Cheptsov, he reported on the need for an additional investigation to the Prosecutor General of the USSR G. N. Safonov, Chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR A. A. Volin, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR N. M. Shvernik, Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks ) P.K. Ponomarenko, Chairman of the CPC under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) M.F. Shkiryatov,

however, I did not receive any support from them. They all recommended that he contact G.M. Malenkov on this issue.

As A. A. Cheptsov further points out, in the presence of S. D. Ignatiev and M. D. Ryumin, he was received by G. M. Malenkov and expressed thoughts about the need to send the case for additional investigation. However, G.M. Malenkov replied: “The Politburo of the Central Committee has dealt with this matter 3 times, follow the decision of the PB.”

A. A. Cheptsov’s explanations are confirmed. Thus, on July 24, 1953, M. D. Ryumin, who took part in the investigation of the case of S. A. Lozovsky and others, being interrogated as an accused, admitted: “When the court tried to return this case for further investigation, I insisted that a verdict was made based on the materials available in the case.”

The former assistant of M.D. Ryumin, I.I. Grishaev, testified during interrogation in the case of M.D. Ryumin: “From the words of Ryumin, I know that during the investigation of the JAC case, Comrade Cheptsov appealed to the authority, where he spoke about shortcomings and violations admitted in the case, however, as Ryumin told me, Comrade Cheptsov criticized this case not because it was generally doubtful, but because those arrested were not exposed and the roots of the crimes were not revealed.”

In 1948-1952, in connection with the so-called “case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee,” many other people of Jewish nationality, including party and Soviet workers, scientists, writers, poets, journalists, artists, government officials and industrial enterprises- only 110 people. Of those repressed, 10 people were sentenced to capital punishment, 20 to 25 years in forced labor camps, 3 to 20 years, 11 to 15 years, 50 to 10 years, 2 to 8 years, 7 years -1, to 5 years - 2, to 10 years of exile - 1, died during the investigation - 5, cases against 5 people were closed after arrest. All of them have now been rehabilitated.

In 1955, an additional audit of the criminal case of S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer and others was organized. During it, documentary materials stored in party and state archives were studied, many people involved in the events of those years were interviewed, and criminal cases against former investigators who investigated this criminal case and convicted in 1952-1954 were studied. for falsifying investigative materials.

As a result of an additional investigation, it was established that the case against S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer and others was fabricated, and the confessions of the accused during the investigation were obtained illegally.

By the decision of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on November 22, 1955, the verdict against S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer and others, convicted on July 18, 1952 in the so-called “case

Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee”, due to newly discovered circumstances, was canceled and the criminal case was dismissed for lack of corpus delicti.

By decisions of the CPC under the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1955, S. A. Lozovsky, I. S. Fefer, I. S. Yuzefovich, L. M. Kvitko, P. D. Markish, E. I. Teumin, S. L. Bregman, L. S. Stern, and in 1988 - B. A. Shimeliovich and D. N. Gofshtein.