The whitish talker - a description of where it grows, the toxicity of the mushroom. The whitish talker mushroom is a mushroom that brings death. What kind of talker mushrooms are they?

The talker is a bent lamellar mushroom.
(Clitocybe geotropa) on the picture

The talker is bent. Grows singly and in large groups forming wide rings from early July to mid-October. It grows in the form of “witch circles” on the edges of forests, near roads and in bushes. It produces large yields on calcareous soils.

The mushroom is edible. A large, smooth depressed gray-yellow cap 12-20 cm, initially convex with a small tubercle, then becomes funnel-shaped with a tubercle in the center. The plates are often descending, initially white, then yellowish-pinkish. The stem is dense, club-shaped, 10-20 cm long, 2-3 cm thick, the same color as the cap, pubescent with mycelium at the bottom. The pulp is thin and dry. The flesh of young mushrooms is white, while that of mature mushrooms is brown and has a strong, unpleasant odor. In the cap it is dense, elastic, in the stem it is loose. No milk.

Fruits from August to October.

Knowing the description of the talker mushroom of this species, you will never confuse it with the poisonous entoloma (Entoloma sinuatum), whose cap is not funnel-shaped and without a tubercle, the leg is not club-shaped, and the flesh has a rancid odor. Entomola may cause stomach upset.

Young edible talker mushrooms are quite tasty, old ones are a bit harsh, but quite edible when mixed with other mushrooms.

on the picture
(Clitocybe nebularis) on the picture

Talker gray or smoky (Clitocybe nebularis) – edible mushroom. The cap is 7-15 cm, initially convex with a small hump, then becomes flat with a small depression, thick, fleshy, ash-gray or gray-brownish. The plates are often white-grayish or yellow-grayish. The leg is strong fibrous, thickened below, white-grayish short, 2-4 cm thick. The pulp emits the smell of toilet soap. In the cap it is thick, fleshy, in the stem it is watery and loose. Spore powder is white.

Grows in coniferous and deciduous forests, in bushes, near dead wood. Often in large groups.

Fruits from August to November.

It has no poisonous or inedible counterparts. The mushroom is difficult to confuse with other species, as it is distinguished by a pungent odor, late appearance, and easily crushed plates in mature specimens.

Smoky talker belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms. Without pre-treatment, which consists of boiling for half an hour, it can cause food poisoning.

Previously, the mushroom was considered unconditionally edible, but now views on its edibility have changed. The fact is that in some people, when consumed (especially young specimens), it can cause stomach upset, excessive sweating, and breathing difficulties. Strongly accumulates salts of heavy metals. In any case, it requires mandatory preliminary boiling and should not be abused.

If all culinary standards are followed, the mushroom becomes absolutely harmless and can be salted and pickled. IN folk medicine have long been known healing properties talkers, whose tissues contain a natural antibiotic.

Goblet talker in the photo

Goblet-shaped talker. The cap is up to 8 cm in diameter, broadly funnel-shaped, goblet-shaped or cup-shaped, with a downward-turned edge, shiny, silky, and when moistened, seems to be saturated with water. The entire mushroom is dark ash-gray or brownish-fawn. The plates are adherent or descending along the stalk, rather sparse, sometimes branched, light brown or brownish-brown. The pulp is thin, grayish, watery. The spore sac is white. The leg is up to 10 cm high, elastic, hollow, thickened at the bottom, fluffy at the base. It grows in coniferous, mixed, broad-leaved forests on the forest floor, fallen pine needles, rotten wood, and is quite common. Fruits in August – September.

Edible mushrooms are eaten boiled and salted. High quality mushroom.

Orange talker in the photo
Rare edible agaric mushroom

Orange talker is a rare edible agaric mushroom. Other names are cocoshka or false chanterelle. It grows singly or in small groups, producing stable harvests annually from early August to late October. Favorite habitats are damp areas of mixed or coniferous forest, covered with a thick layer of moss or fallen leaves, as well as rotting trunks of pine trees lying on the ground.

As you can see in the photo, this talker mushroom has a convex cap with curved edges that eventually takes the shape of a funnel:

Its average diameter is 4–5 cm. As it grows, the yellow-orange color of the cap fades, retaining its saturation only in the center. The plates are descending, brighter in color than the cap, and darken when pressed. The stalk is rounded, thinner at the base, the same color as the plates on the spore-bearing layer. Its height is 4–5 cm with a diameter of no more than 0.5 cm. The pulp is thin, tasteless and odorless, in the cap it is yellow, soft, reminiscent of cotton wool, in the stem it is reddish, hard, elastic.

Only the caps of young mushrooms are eaten, which can be boiled and fried.

Club-footed and funnel-footed talkers

The club-footed talker in the photo
Thick-legged talker in the photo

The club-footed talker (thick-legged talker, club-legged talker). The cap is up to 8 cm in diameter, initially convex, then flat, in mature mushrooms it is funnel-shaped, with a raised thin edge, brown or gray-brown, fading. The plates are sparse, whitish, then yellowish, creamy, descending onto the stem. The pulp is moist, thin at the edges, whitish, with a faint floury odor. The leg is up to 8 cm high, club-shaped, swollen, solid, fibrous, grayish-brownish, covered in the lower part with a coating of mycelium. Prefers to grow in coniferous and forests mixed with birch on the forest floor, singly and in small groups. Appears in August and grows until late autumn.

Preparation. A little-known, edible, conditionally edible, but not entirely tasty mushroom. In combination with alcohol it acts as poisonous. After boiling and removing the broth, it can be boiled, fried, salted and pickled with other mushrooms.

Funnel talker in the photo
Funnel-shaped talker in the photo

Funnel-shaped talker (funnel-shaped talker, funnel). The cap is up to 8 cm in diameter, with a protruding tubercle in the middle, during the ripening period it takes on a deep funnel shape, dry, with a sinuous edge, yellow-brown-fawn. The plates of the funnel talker are frequent, with small intermediate plates, descending down the stem. The pulp is thin, with a pleasant powdery smell. The stem is up to 8 cm high, thinly twisted, rigidly elastic, solid, with a white “felt” of mycelium, which is involved in the decomposition of forest decay. This type is the most common among talkers. It grows in forests of various types on the forest floor of fallen leaves and needles in bushes, along paths, often, singly or in scatterings, from summer to late autumn.

Preparation. The mushroom is edible when young. Needs prolonged boiling. Can be dried. Recommended to be consumed together with other mushrooms.

Talkers inverted and anise

The talker is upside down in the photo
Hat with a diameter of 4-8 cm

The talker is inverted (reverse lepista). The cap is 4-8 cm in diameter, as the mushroom grows it becomes wide-funnel-shaped, brick- or red-yellow-brown, fades over time, and is shiny in damp weather. The plates are frequent, descending to the stem, light yellow, then brownish-yellow, sandy-ochre. The pulp is thin, grayish-yellow or fawn, light brownish, with a faint sour odor. The stem is root-like at the base, often curved, rigid, solid, then hollow, reddish, usually lighter than the cap, or rusty-brown. The inverted talker can be found in pine forests and plantings on coniferous litter, in mixed forests on litter. Fruiting bodies form large groups in August–October.

Preparation. Low value edible mushroom. Suitable for pickling after boiling. Some authors classify this mushroom as inedible.

Anise talker in the photo
Smelling talker in the photo

Anise talker is an edible lamellar mushroom. Other names are odorous talker and fragrant talker. A rather rare mushroom that grows singly or in small groups from early August to late October, producing large harvests each year. Most often it can be found in mixed and spruce forests.

When describing this talker, it is worth noting that its convex cap with downward-curved edges straightens as it grows and takes on an outstretched shape. In the center, as a rule, it has a small depression, less often a tubercle. The cap is painted gray-green, lighter around the edge.

The spore-bearing layer contains adherent plates, which are whitish in young mushrooms and pale green in mature ones. The leg is rounded, wider at the base, grayish-yellow in color with a greenish tint. Its height is approximately 5 cm with a diameter of no more than 0.5 cm. The surface of the stem of the cap is smooth, with slight pubescence at the base. The pulp is thin, watery, pale green or off-white in color, with a strong anise odor.

Anise talker belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms. It is eaten boiled, salted or pickled, and as a result of heat treatment, the characteristic smell of anise is significantly weakened and becomes less pronounced than that of fresh mushrooms.

Waxy and gigantic talkers

Talker Waxy in the photo
Poisonous agaric mushroom in the photo

Waxy govorushka is a rare poisonous lamellar mushroom. It grows singly or in small groups from late July to late September, preferring open, sunlit areas of mixed or coniferous forest with sandy soil or short, dense grass.

In young mushrooms the cap is convex, but as it grows it becomes slightly depressed or spread out, with wavy edges. There is a small tubercle in the center of the cap. The surface of the cap is smooth, matte, light gray in color, but in wet weather it darkens, and barely noticeable concentric zones appear on it. The spore-bearing layer is formed by descending cream-colored plates. The leg is rounded, smooth, wider at the base, solid inside. Its height is about 5 cm with a diameter of 1 cm. The surface of the leg of this poisonous talker is painted dirty white, its upper part is smooth, and the lower part is slightly pubescent. The pulp is thick, with an unpleasant odor, elastic in the stem, fragile in the cap.

The tissues of the waxy talker contain a poison dangerous to the human body that can cause serious food poisoning.

Giant talker in the photo
The convex cap of the mushroom becomes funnel-shaped over time in the photo

Giant talker is a rare conditionally edible agaric mushroom. It grows in large groups, forming so-called witch circles, from late August to late October. Gives abundant harvests every year. It prefers to settle in open areas of the forest, as well as in pastures.

The convex cap of the mushroom eventually becomes funnel-shaped, with thin, upward-curved edges. As a rule, the diameter of the cap of a mature mushroom does not exceed 13–15 cm, but there are also giants with caps with a diameter of up to 30 centimeters or more. They gave the name to this type of mushroom. The surface of the cap is matte, silky to the touch, and depending on the habitat, it may be covered with small scales. Most often it is snow-white, less often the color of coffee with milk. On the underside of the cap there are descending plates with bridges. Their color changes from beige to yellow as they grow. The stem is white, dense, up to 8-10 cm high and about 3-4 cm in diameter. The pulp is also white, fleshy, elastic, with a weak powdery odor, in old mushrooms it has a bitter aftertaste.

The giant talker belongs to the fourth category of mushrooms. It is eaten only after preliminary boiling, after which it can be used to prepare first and second courses, as well as to prepare it for future use - salt or pickle it. The pulp of the mushroom contains a natural antibiotic - clitocybin A and B, which has a detrimental effect on the tuberculosis bacillus.

White talker in the photo
Clitocybe candicans in the photo

White talker (Clitocybe candicans). The cap is 1.5–5 cm in diameter, convex at first, later straightened to concave, the edge is thin and drooping. The skin is at first slightly mealy, then shiny and smooth. The color is white, sometimes with a faint pink tint. The plates are frequent, slightly descending, white. The pulp is thin, white, the smell is inexpressive, the taste is pleasant.

The stem is 2–4 cm high, up to 0.5 cm in diameter, cylindrical, often bent at the base, tomentose. The color is white or yellowish.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In forests different types on litter and needles.

Season. August – November.

Similarity. With other small white talkers, which you should refrain from collecting.

Use. The mushroom is suspicious, in different sources it is designated as poisonous, inedible, non-poisonous. According to some reports, it contains muscarine.

Whitewashed talker in the photo

The talker is whitish, the talker is bleached (Clitocybe dealbata). The cap is 2–4 cm in diameter, convex or flat, later funnel-shaped, often irregular in shape, with a sinuous, uneven edge. The skin is smooth, dry, with a slight powdery coating. The color is whitish, with faint grayish zones along the edge in the form of concentric circles formed when the plaque cracks, with buffy spots at maturity. The plates are adherent or descending, white or grayish, then cream. The pulp is thin, white, the taste is inexpressive, the smell is weak.

The stem is 2–4 cm high, up to 1 cm in diameter, cylindrical, slightly thickened towards the base, whitish or cream-colored, at first solid, later hollow.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In meadows, pastures, and forest grassy edges.

Season. Summer autumn.

Similarity. The mushroom is extremely similar to cherry (Clitopilus prunulus), which has a much stronger floury odor and whose blades acquire a pinkish tint when ripe.

Use. Very poisonous mushroom due to the high muscarine content.

Caution: if you have the slightest doubt, it is better to refuse to collect white talkers altogether.

Talker cracking in the photo
Reddish talker in the photo

Talkorushka cracking, Govorushka reddish (Clitocybe rivulosa). The cap is 2–5 cm in diameter, convex at first, later straightens out, depressed in the center, covered with a powdery white coating, which cracks as the cap grows, revealing the main color – cream or reddish-reddish. As a result, the surface is covered with unclear concentric zones. The plates are adherent, frequent, reddish-white, later creamy. The pulp is thin, the taste is inexpressive, the smell is inexpressive.

The stem is 2–4 cm high, 0.4–0.8 cm in diameter, the same color as the cap or reddish-brown, slightly felt-like at the base.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In forests, gardens, parks, often along paths, along the sides of ditches.

Season. From late summer to autumn.

Similarity. With other small white talkers, with edible cherry (Clitopilus prunulus), which has a floury smell and pink leaves.

Use. The mushroom is very poisonous.

Caution: do not collect small white talkers if you are not sure of the exact definition.

Red-brown talker in the photo
Hat with a diameter of 5–9 cm in the photo

The talker is red-brown. The cap is 5–9 cm in diameter, wide-funnel-shaped, red-yellow, reddish-brown or rusty-spotted, often hygrophanous. The plates are frequent, delapidating, cream or yellow-rusty. The pulp is thin, brittle, hard, reddish or fawn, the smell is sour, the taste is tart.

The leg is 3–5 cm high, up to 1 cm in diameter, reddish, lighter than the cap, hard.

Spore powder. White.

Habitat. In coniferous, less often deciduous forests.

Season. This is an autumn species that grows until frost persists.

Similarity. Similar to the waterspotted talker (C. gilva), growing in deciduous and coniferous forests, lighter in color and having watery spots on the surface; on the edible funnel talker (C. infundibuliformis), which has white plates.

Use. Previously, the red-brown talker and the water-spotted talker were considered edible, but later muscarine was discovered in them. Information in the literature about their edibility is very contradictory; moreover, their taste is mediocre, and therefore we do not recommend collecting these mushrooms.

Look at the photos of talker mushrooms, the description of which is presented on this page:

Large smooth Govorushka bent in the photo

Rare edible mushroom Govorushka orange in the photo

The whitish talker is classified as a poisonous mushroom, so it cannot be consumed as food. However, this representative with great skill disguises itself as edible talkers, so it is difficult for the inexperienced eye to determine which particular specimen is in front of the eyes. Unlike whitish mushrooms, all other varieties can be eaten after being pickled. Today we will look at everything that affects the poisonous representative of the group and study the distinctive characteristics. Knowledge will help you choose the right mushrooms.

Description

1. The fruiting bodies of this variety prefer to grow on litter, which is made up of fallen leaves. They are attracted to forest edges, pastures, clearings, and clearings. It is difficult to find representatives of the family in park areas, mixed and coniferous areas.
2. A distinctive feature is the nature of growth. That is, fruiting bodies appear colonially; they literally form circles consisting of nothing but talkers. Mushrooms are very common in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Fruiting begins in July and ends in November.
3. As for the external description, everything is quite simple here. The hat is small in diameter, growing up to 3-6 cm. The young have a convex top, the edges bend inward. Over time, the hat spreads out and becomes flatter. It is pressed in, and the edges acquire wavy outlines.
4. The shade of the hat is pigmented white or gray-white. Young specimens are slightly lighter, and mature mushrooms are close in shade to ocher. Old talkers may have gray spots on the surface of the hat of unknown origin. There is a slight light coating on the top, which can be easily removed.
5. When the street is dry and sunny, the mushroom acquires a shiny and smooth surface. If it rains or grows in humid areas, the mushrooms instantly become covered with mucus. In summer or early autumn, the surface of talkers often becomes covered with cracks.
6. The soft part of the mushroom does not change color when cut. There is no taste, the smell is subtle and mealy. The pulp has fibers, is elastic, and turns white. Reproduction is carried out by spore powder, colorless in color and smooth in structure.
7. Now let's touch on a separate description of the foundation. The leg has a cylinder format and may taper towards the beginning. It can be curved or straight. Adult mushrooms are empty inside, while young mushrooms are moderately filled. The thickness of the base ranges from 0.4 to 0.9 cm with a length of 2-4 cm.
8. The leg is pigmented gray or white. In some places there are beige spots on it. When pressed, the skin will become dark. The plates of the hat are located closely, at first they are white-gray, then change in color to yellowish-white. They fall to the ground.

Spreading

1. The fruiting bodies discussed, like most of this family, have a fairly wide distribution. Often these mushrooms grow in small groups.
2. They are often called “witch rings.” Specimens prefer edges, mixed and deciduous forests, clearings, clearings, pastures and meadows.
3. Whitish talkers are quite often found in squares and parks. Specimens choose bedding with grass cover. These mushrooms grow mainly in temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
4. A large number of fruits can be found in the forests of Western Europe. Mushrooms are also found in central Russia. Specifically in Siberia, the Far East and the Urals. Mushrooms begin to bear fruit from mid-summer to mid-autumn.

Virulence

1. The fruits are poisonous, so they are not consumed as food. The problem is that such fruiting bodies contain a dangerous poison in the form of muscarine. As a result, a person develops severe poisoning.
2. Often, the first signs of poisoning appear after a quarter of an hour if you have consumed the mushroom in question. You can immediately notice how your blood pressure decreases. Heart rate changes and breathing worsens. Diarrhea and vomiting often occur.
3. However, death is recorded quite rarely when consuming whitish talker. For a person to end badly, he will have to eat an impressive amount of the mushrooms in question. In addition, there is an antidote in the form of the drug atropine.

Whitish talkers are not used for food in any form. The fruiting bodies in question are poisonous. At the first signs of poisoning, consult a doctor immediately. Don't panic, you will have time to take the medicine.

or a whitish talker

- poisonous mushroom

✎ Affiliation and generic characteristics

The talker is whitish(lat. Clitocybe candicans), and in another way - whitish talker- this is a species of the genus talker (Clitocybe) (Latin Clitocybe), a large family of rowaceae (Tricholomataceae) (Latin Tricholomataceae), a powerful order of agaric (lamellae) (Latin Agaricales).
The whitish talker, so named for its faint whitish-whitish color, belongs to a deadly poisonous species, and its composition contains a fatally fatal toxin, muscarine, which is not excreted from the body on its own and causes very serious poisoning. And its content in it is a hundred times greater, even than in the red fly agaric.
Symptoms of poisoning with whitish talker appear a quarter to a half hour after eating it and are indicated by massive salivation, sweating, tearing of the eyes, and in cases of consuming a large amount, there is a generous weakening of the heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure, impaired breathing rate, even severe vomiting and diarrhea.
In similar cases, atropine (lat. atropinum) is used as an antidote - this is an anticholinergic drug, chemically representing a serious racemic mixture of tropine D-ester and L-tropic acid.
Atropine is the most common alkaloid found in various plants of the nightshade family (such as belladonna and henbane), in different types Datura and others. And its average lethal dose is approximately: 400 mg per 1 kg of live weight!

✎ Similar species

The talker is whitish has enough counterparts in nature, and especially among its relatives - poisonous talkers. It is often confused with:
- waxy talker, which differs in its powerful size, pinkish spore powder, or the fact that it grows only in forests;
- reddish talker, which is also distinguished by its noticeable size, very frequent plates, narrower spores, and the fact that it also grows only in forests;
- whitened talker, which is more similar in size, but differs in frequent plates and snow-white transparent fruiting bodies.
But it is much more dangerous when the whitish talker is confused with edible (or conditionally edible) types of mushrooms, such as, for example, with:
- cherry (cherries), which differs only in its deeper powdery smell and the fact that it grows only in gardens, and nothing else;
- meadow honey fungus, which grows in the vicinity of the whitish talker, and is distinguished by a matte brown cap, ingrown plates and a bitter almond smell.
This kind of confusion is extremely undesirable, because it can become fatal.

✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality

The whitish talker, like other mushrooms from this family, is quite common, growing in small groups in the form of “witch rings”, in deciduous and mixed forests, on the edges, clearings and clearings, as well as in meadows and pastures, in parks and squares, preferring the reference litter with grass cover.
The whitish talker settles in the temperate latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and breeds in the forests of Western Europe and central Russia, in the Urals, Siberia and the Far East.
The main growth season for whitish talkers, like other types of talkers, is from mid-July to early November.

✎ Brief description and application

The whitish talker is included in the section of agaric mushrooms and the spores with which it reproduces reside in its plates. The plates are frequent, extending onto the stem; in young fruits they are bright white, in mature ones they are white-gray or light yellow. The cap is small, initially convex, with the edges rolled inward, powdery white, a little later it becomes prostrate and whitish-gray in color, and in mature fruits it can be flat or depressed, ocher in color. The leg is cylindrical, curved, tapering towards the base, longitudinally fibrous, exactly solid at a young age, hollow in old ones, whitish-grayish in color, partially covered with nut-colored spots, darkening from pressure and compression. The pulp is fibrous, elastic, thin-fleshed, floury in color, does not change when broken or cut, with a distinct mealy odor.

It is strictly forbidden to taste the whitish talker, it is excessively poisonous!!!

The govorushki belong to the Tricholomovaceae family and the lamellar order. Among them there are edible, conditionally edible and inedible representatives. Therefore, when going on a “hunt” for them, you need to know them well “by sight.”

Description of the mushroom

There are more than 250 species of these mushrooms. They all have a cap and a stalk, but their shape, size and color depend on the type of mushroom. Most talkers are classified as little-known edible and conditionally edible mushrooms; in terms of nutritional value they are included in category 4. Before use, they must be boiled in water, the first broth is drained.

Cap part of the mushroom

Doesn't grow to large sizes, reaching an average of 3-6 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms it has the shape of a hemisphere, but with age it levels out and takes on a depressed shape.

The surface is smooth and dry under normal climatic conditions, but during frequent rains it can be covered with a slimy film. Sometimes on the upper part you can see spots that look like mold - these are the remains of mycelium. The color ranges from white to pink-brown and even ocher, depending on the species. The color tends to lighten at the edges of the cap.

Records

The color of the plates also varies. They descend along the stem, and can be frequent or rare. They produce white spore powder.

Leg

The height and diameter of this part of the fruiting body of the mushroom also depends on the variety, but on average the height is 6-8 cm and the diameter is 0.5-3 cm.

Pulp

White in color, dense in young mushrooms and loose in older mushrooms.

Spore powder

Pure white or creamy-whitish color.

Nutritional value

100 g of raw product contains:

• proteins -3.7 g;
• carbohydrates -1.1 g;
• fats -1.7 g.

The nutritional value of 100 g of product is 34.5 kcal.

The composition includes B vitamins, minerals, plant fibers, amino acids.

Where and when can you find mushrooms?

Govorushki prefer to settle in coniferous forests - they especially like spruce and pine forests, and mixed forests where birch grows. You can find them on the edge of the forest, in meadows and in deciduous forests. The first mushrooms begin to appear as early as July, but the peak of harvesting occurs in August–September. They are collected until November. They are widespread in the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Western Siberia, and the Far East.

Types of talkers

There are a huge variety of talkers, it is impossible to list them all; of the most famous types, only the most popular can be distinguished.

Tucked or red

The most famous representative of this family. It often grows in large colonies in different forests. The reddish cap grows up to 20 cm. It changes shape as it grows - in young talkers it is convex, in more mature mushrooms it is funnel-shaped, the edges are slightly lowered and curl down. The skin on the cap is smooth, yellowish-brown in color, but fades with age and becomes fawn in color with rusty spots. The yellowish leg is 15 cm long and no more than 3 cm thick. The shape is cylindrical, thickened towards the bottom.

They grow in Germany, Poland, France, Spain, Italy, Russia, Belarus and other countries of the Northern Hemisphere with a temperate climate. It bears fruit actively from the first days of July, and the last mushrooms can be found even in October. A favorite place is along the edges of paths, on forest edges and grassy glades, in the depths of deciduous, coniferous or mixed forests on a litter of fallen leaves or mosses. They grow in arched clumps.

Orange or cocoshka

Another name is false chanterelle. There is a resemblance to a real chanterelle, but differs in its thin and dense flesh and bright color.

The mushroom cap is small, 2-5 cm in diameter; initially it has a convex shape, but over time it becomes flat, with outstretched edges, slightly curved at the ends. The color is orange-ocher, fading to pale yellow, but the middle remains bright yellow and the edges become almost white.

The leg is cylindrical, length - up to 5 cm, diameter about 0.5 cm, yellow-orange, brighter than the cap.

It bears fruit from the beginning of August to the end of October, it can be found in coniferous and mixed forests, and can grow either singly or in groups.

Only the caps of young cocos are eaten, since their legs are tough, and old caps become tough and tasteless.

Gigantic

Record holder among other species for the largest cap and stem. The mushroom is completely white. The cap usually grows up to 15 cm, but it is quite common to see mushrooms with 30 cm caps. At first it is convex, then it takes the shape of a funnel with the edges turned down. The size of the cap does not lag behind the leg. It is 4 cm thick and 8 cm long. The pulp is white and dense, but has practically no taste or aroma.

The giant talker can form “witch circles,” although it is believed that mainly poisonous representatives of the mushroom kingdom grow this way. The mycelium growing in the ground spreads evenly in all directions, which is why it occupies the area in a ring. Therefore, mushrooms grow along the border of the mycelium, located in a circle.

It grows in forest glades in North America, Europe and Russia. It bears fruit from late August to October, and can sometimes be found even in October.

Goblet

The most common in Russia. It settles on rotten wood or forest floors. Mushroom pickers go to the forest for it in August - September. The gray-brown cap is shaped like a cup or glass, with a diameter of 3–8 cm. The stem is very thin, reaches a maximum thickness of 0.6 cm, and a length of 10 cm. The flesh is watery, grayish-brown in color.

Voronchataya

It grows both singly and in groups in forests, meadows and pastures. The mushroom harvest occurs between July and October. The hat is small (10 cm in diameter). Initially, it is convex with a tubercle in the middle and curled edges. Then the mushroom gradually unfolds and forms a deep funnel, the edges of which are curved outward.

The cap is thin, light yellow or reddish in color. The leg, which has the same color as the cap, is of medium length and does not exceed 8 cm in length. At the base there is a slight thickening with white hairs. The pulp also has almond notes, is white, and not dense. The plates of the hymenophore are located frequently and strongly descend onto the stalk.

The species is widespread in the European territory of Russia, Western Siberia, the North Caucasus, as well as most European countries.

Smoky

The mushroom is found in spruce and pine forests from late summer to November. It grows in groups. The hat resembles a gray pillow. Young mushrooms may have a gray-white coating on the surface, which is easily removed. The leg grows up to 12 cm in length and 2–3 cm in diameter. There is a slight thickening at the base.

The pulp is white, has a floral-fruity aroma, fleshy, soft in young mushrooms, more fibrous and tough in mature ones.

Although the smoky talker is a conditionally edible mushroom, its consumption can cause serious harm to the gastrointestinal tract, since the mushroom contains nebularin, a cytotoxic substance.

Smoky white

Slightly different from its brother - the smoky talker. The cap of representatives of this species reaches a diameter of up to 20 cm, but usually no more than 15 cm. In young mushrooms it has the shape of a hemisphere, convex with a folded edge, over time it becomes convex-prostrate, fleshy, thick, the color is yellowish-whitish or dirty -white, can be gray in dry weather.

The leg is thick, can grow up to 8 cm in length, 1-3 cm in diameter, club-shaped, expands over time towards the base, grayish, almost white.

The pulp is fleshy, dense, and has a characteristic fruity aroma.

It bears fruit from early September to November, but the peak occurs in September. Found in coniferous and mixed forests.

This species has some similarities with the poisonous White Row, which can be distinguished by its unpleasant aroma.

Club-shaped

An unusual mushroom that looks like an exotic jug. It settles in forests on coniferous forest floors. The convex dark gray cap straightens as the mushroom grows, diameter is 4-8 cm. The stem at the base is strongly swollen, and resembles an inverted club, length is 3-6 cm.

The pulp is ash-gray in color, but tastes very pleasant and has a pronounced mushroom aroma. Mushrooms grow in families, often fused with legs. It grows in coniferous forests from July to October, sometimes found in deciduous and mixed forests.

Fragrant

Refers to conditionally edible mushrooms, used in pickled or boiled form (cook for at least 10 minutes). It grows in coniferous and mixed forests, but is quite rare. The period of active fruiting is from the first half of September to the first half of October. The cap part of the mushroom is small, up to 6 cm in diameter, at first convex in shape, later becoming concave, with a drooping edge, the color is yellowish-gray or pale ocher. The leg is the same color as the cap, thin, can reach 5 cm in length, and is cylindrical in shape. The pulp is thin, watery, whitish in color.

There is a similarity with the fragrant talker, but differs from it in the yellowish color of the cap.

Fragrant

It is collected very rarely, although it is a very aromatic mushroom that smells like anise. But due to its strange bluish-green color, many mushroom pickers consider it poisonous. The cap is small - does not exceed 7 cm, flat with a tubercle in the middle. It is an unattractive bluish-greenish color, becoming gray-yellow with age.

The cylinder-shaped leg is painted, as is the cap. It reaches 5 cm in length. The plates on the lower surface of the cap part are pale green. The flesh is fleshy, but the color repels mushroom pickers - it is pale gray with a green tint. Even if you boil the mushrooms, the color will not change.

Abundant fruiting occurs from the first ten days of August to the second half of October. It inhabits deciduous, coniferous or mixed forests of Western Siberia, Central and Eastern Europe, and the European part of the Russian Federation.

Winter

The mushroom grows in the European part post-Soviet space, can also be found in the Caucasus, the Far East, Western Europe, South America and North Africa. Fruiting period is late autumn.

The convex cap reaches 5 cm in diameter, later taking on a depressed shape. The edges are thin and slightly curved, the color of the cap is smoky or olive-brown. The cylindrical leg reaches a height of 4 cm, the color matches the color of the cap.

Snezhnaya

Some mushroom pickers claim that the snow talker is an edible mushroom, but officially it belongs to the category of conditionally edible.

The diameter of the cap part is up to 4 cm, initially it is convex, with curved edges, over time it becomes depressed, smooth, the color is gray-brownish, it can be gray-brown, the middle is darker than the edges. The leg is thin, up to 4 cm in length, cylindrical, light in color.

The flesh of the mushroom is dense, hard in the stem, and may be odorless or with a faint cucumber tint.

The fruiting period is short - from the beginning to the end of May, lives in light spruce or coniferous forests, and is not found every year.

What mushrooms can be confused with - poisonous varieties

There are a number of poisonous and deadly varieties of talkers. You need to be able to distinguish them from edible varieties.

The cap of this mushroom has a dirty white color, watery circles with a tubercle in the middle are noticeable on its surface, the funnel is not as deep as compared to the funnel talker, the poisonous mushroom does not have a pleasant smell.

Also, this toxic mushroom should be distinguished from the edible cherry blossom. The hat differs from the pendant in that in the center of it you can see a wide hump-shaped tubercle, the edges are wavy, sometimes even fluffy. The leg is slightly bent, fluffy at the base.

Brown-yellow

The cap body of the mushroom can reach a diameter of 10 cm, but specimens with a cap of 3-6 cm are more common. The shape is convex, with a barely noticeable tubercle and a curved edge. When drying, small wet spots appear, which is distinctive feature mushroom. The color is yellowish-brown, yellowish-ocher, reddish, fading to cream, often with rusty spots.

The leg is up to 5 cm long, diameter - 0.5-1 cm, smooth, barely narrowed towards the base, yellow-ocher or pale ocher color.

Fruits from the beginning of July to the end of October, found in coniferous and mixed forests, in groups.

It is similar to an inverted talker, but since both mushrooms are classified as inedible, their distinction is not particularly important.

Talker inverted

The diameter of the mushroom cap can reach 10 cm, initially it is convex, over time it acquires a wide funnel-shaped shape, the color is red, brick-rusty, sometimes with dark rusty spots.

The leg can reach up to 6 cm in length, is rigid, the color matches the color of the cap, a little lighter.

It grows from the beginning of August to the end of October in coniferous forests, groups forming the shape of rings, or growing in a row.

The inverted talker is considered poisonous due to the content of poisons similar to muscarine.

Unknowing mushroom pickers may confuse it with other representatives of the genus. The cap is round, nutty or ocher in color; after rains, the surface is covered with a mucous film and becomes sticky. The pulp is white, fleshy. The leg is cylindrical, approximately 3.5-4 cm long. Like the cap, it is colored in ocher, brick tones, darkens with age and becomes dark red or bright brick.

It is found in coniferous and deciduous forests, likes to settle on infertile soils, and is distinguished by the fact that it grows in large groups.

Pale or grayish

Externally, young mushrooms of this species are very similar to winter talker. The cap is more lumpy than that of the winter talker; over time, pits appear on it. The diameter reaches a maximum of 5 cm. The leg is hollow, the color is also slightly different from the winter one - at first it is grayish with a whitish coating, then grayish-brownish. The pulp is watery, odorless.

It grows in fallen oak or birch leaves; some specimens are found in mixed and even coniferous forests. It grows alone, while most edible varieties grow in groups.

Whitish talker

Poisonous mushroom containing muscarine. The cap is small, only 1-4 cm in diameter, flat. Its color in the center and along the edges varies, in the middle it is pale red, and at the edges it is pale gray.

Pulp with a deceptively pleasant aroma, reminiscent of the smell of tomato seedling leaves. The leg is light gray in color, with a pinkish tint; towards the base the color becomes gray. Grows in meadows, deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests.

Reddish or furrowed

Deadly poisonous mushroom. The diameter of the cap is small, does not exceed 4 cm. The color can vary, from powdery white to pinkish-brown. Sometimes there is a light powdery coating on the surface, as well as grayish spots. The pulp is fleshy and has a pleasant sweetish smell. The leg is thin and short, cylindrical in shape. In young mushrooms it is fibrous, in old ones it is hollow.

It bears fruit from the second half of July to the beginning of November. You can meet it in forest glades and forest edges, and even in city parks.

Low-smelling talker

The diameter of the cap reaches 6 cm. It is initially convex in shape, but gradually opens up as it develops, becoming flat or funnel-shaped. Color - beige, brown or gray-brown, covered with a waxy coating.

The leg reaches a length of up to 6 cm, cylindrical or flattened, located in the center. The color is slightly lighter than the color of the cap.

Grows in winter in mixed and pine forests from December to January.

Present talker

The cap body of the mushroom reaches 6-10 cm in diameter, initially has a convex shape, with a curved edge and a noticeable tubercle, over time it becomes tuberculate, with a drooping, wavy edge. Color - white or cream.

The leg is quite long, up to 8 cm, cylindrical in shape, becoming hollow with age. Whitish in color in young representatives and grayish-brownish in old mushrooms. The pulp is fleshy, whitish, and has a sharp spicy aroma.

It grows from September to November, likes to settle in birch forests and coniferous forests.

When picking mushrooms, follow the rule: if you are not sure whether a mushroom is edible, then it is better to leave it in place.

Poisoning by poisonous species of talkers

Symptoms of poisoning by the toxin muscarine, which is contained in the pulp of poisonous mushrooms, appear within 3 hours. They are expressed as follows:

• gastrointestinal dysfunction, severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps in the stomach and intestines are the main symptoms;
• malfunctions of cardio-vascular system, they are accompanied by a sharp decrease in blood pressure, sinus bradycardia;
• increased sweating;
• increased salivation;
• difficulty breathing, bronchospasms and asthma.

The most dangerous mushroom from the govorushka family is considered to be the waxy govorushka. Its pulp has a deceptively pleasant taste and aroma. Often the symptoms of poisoning do not appear in any way. However, on the fifth day the person dies from acute renal failure.

Benefits of mushroom

Talkers are quite useful mushrooms. They have the following qualities:

• increase human immunity;
• have a beneficial effect on the digestive system, as they contain components for enzymes. However, you should not get carried away with mushroom dishes;
• used in the treatment of diseases respiratory system And Bladder;
• destroy cholesterol plaques;
• antibacterial ointments are prepared from them, which are used to lubricate wounds;
• the caps of young representatives are rich in numerous micro- and macroelements;
• the pulp helps remove accumulated toxins;
• A decoction of talkers is used to relieve the manifestations of tuberculosis.

Mushroom harm

Edible talkers are harmless to humans. They are contraindicated only for people who have an allergic reaction to them. They should not be given to children and elderly people. They absorb toxins and harmful substances from the environment, so they must be collected in environmentally friendly areas.

How to collect talkers?

Talker mushrooms are not such popular mushrooms, as they have poisonous counterparts. They are mainly collected by experienced mushroom pickers. It is difficult for beginners to distinguish among this large family of edible members.

The most common in Russia are the funnel-shaped and reddish talkers; they can be found in bushes, among trees, and in clearings. They grow in even rows, sometimes forming “witch circles.”

Is it possible to grow this type of mushroom yourself?

This is an unassuming mushroom. Therefore, they are grown in open ground in an area with young trees. Quite quickly, mushrooms form mycorrhiza with them.

The mycelium is planted in late spring - early summer, when the time of frost has passed. Three holes are dug near each tree - 20 cm deep and 15 cm in diameter. They are filled halfway with soil; you can use universal soil for indoor plants, which you can purchase in the store. The mycelium is distributed evenly over the soil and covered with soil, compacted well. The top of the holes is covered with pine needles, twigs, and leaves. Carefully water the plantings with water.

However, the first harvest will be enjoyed only after a year; the mycelium bears fruit in one place for up to 5 years.

Govorushki is a tasty and healthy mushroom with a strong, pleasant aroma. But due to its poisonous counterparts, it is rarely collected and used for food and stored for future use. In addition, the fungus plays a huge role in the life of the forest, actively participating in the process of humus formation.

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