10 introductory words in English. Introductory phrases in English. Expression of negative evaluation

1. Introductory words and phrases are not part of the offer. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude to the content of the statement (confidence or uncertainty, emotional reaction, etc.):

Example: Unfortunately, he did not have watercolors.(Soloukhin).

Introductory sentences can also perform the same function.

For example: I dare say I was loved in the house(Turgenev) - in terms of structure, a definite-personal one-part sentence; In life, you know, there is always a place for exploits(M. Gorky) - in structure, a two-part sentence; We, if you want to know we came to demand(Gorbatov) - in structure, a conditional one-part clause.

In writing, introductory words, phrases and sentences usually separated by commas.

Discharges introductory words by value

Meaning	Introductory Components	Examples
1. Evaluation of the reported in terms of reliability, etc.:
1.1. Confidence, credibility	Of course, of course, undoubtedly, undoubtedly, without a doubt, certainly, really, in fact, really, naturally, naturally, naturally and etc.	Undoubtedly, someone is sucking the life out of this strange girl who cries when others in her place laugh (Korolenko). The heroine of this novel needless to say, was Masha (L. Tolstoy). Indeed, since my mother died ... I was very rarely seen at home (Turgenev).
1.2. uncertainty, speculation, vagueness, assumption	Probably, it seems, probably, in all probability, right , in some way, in some way, suppose, suppose, suppose, if you like, anyway and etc.	She probably still drinks coffee and cookies in the morning.(Fadeev). Life, it seems, has not yet begun(Paustovsky). Gift bread, apparently, to your taste(Mezherov). And he dreamed, perhaps, of approaching by another way, of knocking at the window as a welcome guest, dear(Twardowski). My head hurt a bit. Must be bad weather(Chekhov).
2. Different feelings:
2.1. Joy, approval	Fortunately, for happiness, for joy, for joy, for the pleasure of someone, what is good, what is even better and etc.	Fortunately, Alekhine left the house an hour earlier and managed to catch the steamer sailing to Frankfurt(Kotov). Here, to the indescribable admiration of Petya, on the old kitchen table, a whole locksmith's workshop is arranged(Kataev).
2.2. regret, disapproval	Unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to the shame of someone, to regret, to annoyance, to misfortune, as to misfortune, as if on purpose, a sinful deed, which is even worse, which is insulting, alas and etc.	Unfortunately, I must add that in the same year Paul died(Turgenev).
2.3. Surprise, bewilderment	Surprisingly, surprisingly, surprisingly, surprisingly, strangely, strangely, incomprehensibly and etc.	Naydenov, to Nagulny's amazement, in one second brushed off his leather jacket, sat down at the table(Sholokhov).
2.4. Fear	Irregular hour, what good, God forbid, just look and etc.	Just look, the oar will vomit and throw itself into the sea(Novikov-Priboy).
2.5. The general expressive nature of the utterance	In conscience, in fairness, in fact, in essence, to the soul, in truth, in truth, in truth, it is necessary to tell the truth, if the truth is told, it is ridiculous to tell, to tell honestly, between us, there is nothing to say in vain, I confess, except jokes, actually and etc.	Followed him, however, some weakness(Turgenev). I confess, I do not like this tree - aspen too much ...(Turgenev). Nothing offends me so much, I dare say, offends me so much, as ingratitude.(Turgenev).
3. Message source	According to someone's report, according to someone's opinion, in my opinion, in your opinion, according to someone, according to someone's expression, according to rumors, according to a proverb, according to legend, from someone's point of view, I remember, hear, they say, they say, how they hear, how I think, how I think, how I remember, how they say, how they think, as it is known, as it was indicated, as it turned out, as they used to say in the old days, in my opinion and etc.	Pesotsky, they say, has apples as big as his head, and Pesotsky, they say, has made a fortune with his garden(Chekhov). The calculation, in my opinion, was mathematically accurate(Paustovsky). Twenty years ago, Linen Lake was such a wilderness that, according to foresters, not every bird dared to fly there(Paustovsky).
4. The order of thoughts and their connection	Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, so, therefore, therefore, thus, on the contrary, vice versa, for example, for example, in particular, in addition, besides, to top it all, in addition, moreover, on the one hand, on the other hand, by the way, by the way, in general, in addition, therefore, the main thing, by the way, by the way, by the way and etc.	On the one hand, the darkness was saving: it hid us(Paustovsky). Forest air is healing, it lengthens life, it increases our vitality, and, finally, it turns the mechanical and sometimes difficult process of breathing into pleasure.(Paustovsky). So, the next day I stood in this room outside the doors and listened to how my fate was decided.(Dostoevsky).
5. Evaluation of the style of utterance, manner of speech, ways of formulating thoughts	In a word, in a word, in other words, in other words, directly speaking, roughly speaking, actually, in fact, in short, in short, rather, it is better to say, to say directly, easier to say, so to speak, how to say, so to speak, what is called and etc.	In a word, Storeshnikov every day more and more firmly thought to marry(Chernyshevsky). In short, this is not a master in science, but a worker(Chekhov). We got up and went to push to the well, or rather, to the fountain.(Garshin).
6. Evaluation of the measure, the degree of what is being said; the degree of generality of the stated facts	at least, at least, to some extent, to a large extent, as usual, as usual, happens, happens, as usual, as always, as it happens, as it happens, as it happens sometimes and etc.	Talked to me at least like an army commander(Simonov). Behind the counter, as usual, almost the entire width of the opening stood Nikolai Ivanovich ...(Turgenev) It happens that my luck is happier(Griboyedov).
7. Attracting the interlocutor's attention to the message, emphasizing, underlining	Do you see (whether), know (whether), remember (whether), understand (whether), believe (whether), listen, allow, imagine, imagine, can imagine, believe, imagine, admit, believe, believe, do not believe, agree, notice, do me a favor, if you want to know, I remind, we remind, I repeat, I emphasize what is important, what is even more important, what is essential, what is even more significant and etc.	You were scared, admit it, when my fellows threw a rope around your neck?(Pushkin). Imagine our young ones are already bored(Turgenev). We, if you want to know we came to demand(Gorbatov). Where was it, please?(Pavlenko).

2. According to their grammatical correlation, introductory words and constructions can go back to various parts of speech and various grammatical forms:

nouns in various cases with and without prepositions;

No doubt, happily, fortunately and etc.

adjectives in short form, in various cases, in a superlative degree;

Right, to blame, the main thing, in general, the most important thing, the least.

pronouns in indirect cases with prepositions;

Besides, besides, meanwhile.

adverbs in positive or comparative degree;

Undoubtedly, of course, probably shorter, rather.

verbs in various forms of indicative or imperative mood;

I think, do you believe, it seemed, they say, imagine, have mercy.

infinitive or combination with infinitive;

See, know, admit, it's funny to say.

combinations with adverbs;

To tell the truth, in short, to put it bluntly.

two-part sentences with a subject - a personal pronoun and a predicate - a verb with the meaning of will, speaking, thought, etc.;

For as long as I can remember, I often think.

• impersonal offers;

  She thought we all remember well.

• indefinitely personal proposals.

  So they thought of him, as they usually spoke of him.

That's why it is necessary to distinguish between introductory words and homonymous forms and constructions.

Note!

Depending on the context, the same words sometimes act as introductory (hence, not members of the sentence), then as members of the sentence. In order not to be mistaken, you should remember that:

a) a question can be put to a member of the proposal;

b) the introductory word is not a member of the sentence and has one of the meanings listed above;

in) introductory words can usually (but not always) be removed from the sentence.

Compare the following sentences in pairs:

It's true(Dostoevsky). - True, sometimes ... it's not too fun to wander along country roads (Turgenev).

During the summer, he can become attached to this weak, talkative creature, get carried away, fall in love (Chekhov). - You might think that I'm asking you for money!(Dostoevsky).

Listen, we right went? Do you remember the place? (Kassil). - Donkey shouts: we, right, will get along, if we sit next to each other(Krylov).

In a number of cases, the criterion for distinguishing between introductory words and members of a sentence is the possibility of adding a word saying.

By the way, he never came.("By the way"); You really shouldn't have come.("as a matter of fact"); In short, the book is useful.("shortly speaking"); I really don't want to go back to what I said.("in truth").

When determining the syntactic function and punctuation, in some cases it is necessary to take into account several conditions.

1) The word probably is introductory in the sense of "probably, apparently":

The sisters are probably already asleep(Korolenko).

The word probably is a member of the sentence in the sense of "undoubtedly, exactly":

If I know(as?) maybe that I must die, then I will tell you everything, everything!(Turgenev).

2) The word is finally introductory:

if it indicates a connection of thoughts, the order of their presentation (in the meaning of “and more”) completes the enumeration:

Opekushin was a native of the common people, at first self-taught, then a recognized artist and, finally, an academician(Teleshov).

Often the word is finally preceded by homogeneous members of the word Firstly Secondly or on the one hand on the other hand, in relation to which the word is finally the closing enumeration;

if it gives an assessment of a fact from the point of view of the speaker's face or is used to express impatience, to strengthen, emphasize something:

Yes, go away, finally!(Chekhov).

Note!

The word finally is not introductory and performs the function of a circumstance in the meaning of “at the end”, “finally”, “after everything”, “as a result of everything”.

Gave three balls annually and squandered finally (Pushkin).

In this meaning, the particle -to can usually be added to the word (with an introductory word, such an addition is impossible).

Wed: Finally got to the station (Finally got to the station). - You can finally turn to your father for advice(adding a particle -then impossible).

3) The distinction between the combination in the end as an introductory and as a member of the sentence - the circumstance is similar in terms to the word at last.

Wed: After all, in the end, we have not yet decided anything definitively! (eventually denotes not time, but the conclusion reached by the speaker as a result of a series of reasoning). - Finally agreement has been reached(the meaning of the circumstance "as a result of everything").

4) A word, however, is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a simple sentence:

Heat and fatigue took, however, their(Turgenev); How clever I am, however(Chekhov).

At the beginning of a sentence (parts complex sentence) or as a means of connecting homogeneous members, the word however has the meaning of an opposing union (it can be replaced by a union but), so a comma is placed only before this word:

However, it is desirable to know - by what witchcraft did the peasant take such power over the whole district?(Nekrasov).

Note. In rare cases, however, the word is separated by a comma at the beginning of the sentence, approaching in meaning an interjection (expresses surprise, bewilderment, indignation), for example: However, what a wind!(Chekhov).

5) The word of course is usually set off with commas as a lead:

Fedor still worked in the rear, heard, of course, and read many times about "folk heroes"(Furmanov).

But sometimes the word of course, pronounced in a tone of confidence, conviction, takes on the meaning of an affirmative particle and is not punctuated:

Of course it's true!; Of course it is.

6) The word is indeed introductory in the sense of "yes, that's right, exactly" (usually it takes a position at the beginning of a sentence):

Indeed, from the battery, a view of almost the entire location of Russian troops(L. Tolstoy).

As an adverb really has the meaning "in fact, truly, in reality" (usually it comes between the subject and the predicate):

I really is as you say(Dostoevsky).

7) A word in general is introductory if it is used in the sense of "generally speaking":

In general, one could agree with this statement, but it is necessary to check some data; Actually, I would like to know what really happened.

In other cases, the word is generally used as an adverb in different meanings:

• in the sense of "in general", "as a whole":

  Pushkin is to Russian art what Lomonosov is to Russian education. generally (Goncharov);

• in the meaning of "always", "absolutely", "under all conditions":

  He kindle fires generally forbade it was dangerous(Kazakevich);

• in the meaning of "in all respects", "in relation to everything":

  He generally looked weird(Turgenev).

  This provision also applies to the form in general.

  Wed: Sadness, in general, nothing(introductory word, can be replaced - generally speaking). - These are the terms generally uncomplicated process(meaning "in the end"); I made a few remarks about various little things, but all in all very much praised(Garshin) (meaning "as a result").

8) Combination anyway is introductory if it has a restrictive-evaluative value:

Anyway, his last name was not Akundin, he came from abroad and spoke for a reason (A.N. Tolstoy); This information at least in the short term, it will be difficult to check (the entire turnover is highlighted).

In the meaning of "under any circumstances" this combination is not introductory:

You anyway will be informed of the progress of the case; I was firmly convinced that anyway I'll meet him today at my mother's(Dostoevsky).

9) The combination, in turn, is not highlighted as busy if it is used in a meaning close to direct, or in the meaning of “in response”, “on its part”:

He in its turn asked me(i.e. when it was his turn); The workers thanked their bosses for their help and asked to visit them more often; in turn, representatives of the patronage organization invited the workers to a meeting of the theatre's artistic council.

In a figurative sense, the combination, in turn, acquires the meaning of introductory and punctuation stands out:

Among the newspaper genres, the genres are informational, analytical, and artistic and journalistic; among the latter, in turn, stand out essay, feuilleton, pamphlet.

10) The combination really in the meaning of "really" is not introductory. But if this combination serves to express bewilderment, indignation, indignation, etc., then it becomes introductory.

11) In particular, indicating the relationship between parts of the statement, it is separated from both sides by commas:

He is interested in particular in the origin of individual words.

But if, in particular, it is part of the connecting structure (at its beginning or at the end), then it is distinguished by being occupied together with this structure:

Many will willingly undertake this work, and in particular I; Many will willingly undertake this work, and I in particular.

If, in particular, it is included in the design in general and in particular, then such a construction is not separated by commas:

Over tea, the conversation turned to the household in general and in particular about gardening(Saltykov-Shchedrin).

12) The combination is mainly introductory, if it serves to highlight a fact, to express its assessment.

For example: There was a wide alley ... and it was mainly the public who walked along it.(Bitter) (it is impossible to form the combination “mainly to walk”, therefore, in this example, the combination mainly is not a member of the proposal); The article should be corrected and, mainly, supplemented with fresh material. (mainly meaning "most important"). The combination mainly, which is part of the connecting structure (at its beginning or at the end), is separated by commas along with it, for example: From fifty people mostly officers, crowded in the distance(Pavlenko).

The combination is mainly not introductory in the meaning of "first of all", "most of all":

He achieved success mainly due to his industriousness; What I like most about him is his sincerity.

13) The word main is introductory in the sense of "especially important", "especially important":

You can take any topic for the story, but, most importantly, it should be interesting; Details can be omitted, and most importantly - to make it entertaining(a comma cannot be put after the union a, and a dash is put after the introductory combination to strengthen punctuation).

14) The word means is introductory if it can be replaced by introductory words hence it became:

People are born, get married, die; it means it's necessary, it means it's good(A.N. Ostrovsky); So, does that mean you can't come today?

If the word means is close in meaning to "means", then the punctuation depends on the place it occupies in the sentence:

in a position between the subject and the predicate, it serves as a means of communication between the main members of the sentence, a dash is placed in front of it, and no sign is placed after it:

To fight is to win;

in other cases, it means that it is not separated or distinguished by any signs:

if the word means is between the subordinate and the main clause or between the parts of the non-union complex sentence, then it is separated from both sides by commas:

If he so stubbornly defends his views, it means that he feels he is right; If you did not save the child, then blame yourself.

15) The word vice versa means “as opposed to what is said or expected; on the contrary" is introductory and is separated by commas:

Instead of slowing down, he, on the contrary, stood on the goats and desperately twisted his whip over his head.(Kataev).

If, on the contrary (after the union and) is used as a word replacing a sentence member or a whole sentence, then the following punctuation is observed:

when a member of a sentence is replaced, then no sign is placed before the union and:

In the picture, light tones turn into dark ones and vice versa.(i.e. dark to light);

when, on the contrary, it joins the whole sentence, then a comma is placed before the union:

The closer the light source, the brighter the light emitted by it, and vice versa(replacing the whole sentence: The farther away the light source, the less bright the light it emits.; a kind of complex sentence is formed);

when, on the contrary, it joins a subordinate clause, a comma before the union is not put:

This also explains why what was considered criminal in ancient world considered legal in the new and vice versa(Belinsky) (as if homogeneous subordinate clauses are formed with a non-repeating union and: ...and why what was considered criminal in modern times was considered legal in the ancient world).

16) The combination is at least introductory if it has an evaluative and restrictive meaning, that is, it expresses the attitude of the speaker to the thought expressed:

One person, driven by compassion, decided to at least help Akaky Akakievich with good advice.(Gogol); Vera Efimovna advised to apply for transferring her to political or, at least, to a nurse in a hospital.(L. Tolstoy).

If the introductory combination at least stands at the beginning of a separate turnover, then it is separated by commas along with it:

Nikolai Evgrafych knew that his wife would not return home soon, at least five o'clock! (Chekhov).

The combination is at least not separated by commas if it has the value "not less than", "at least":

From his tanned face one could conclude that he knew what smoke was, if not gunpowder, then at least tobacco smoke.(Gogol); At least I will know that I will serve in the Russian army (Bulgakov).

17) A turnover, including a combination from the point of view, is separated by commas if it has the meaning "according to":

Choosing a place to build a cottage, from my point of view, lucky.

If such a combination has the meaning "in relation", then the turnover is not separated by commas:

I know that a crime has been committed if you look at things from the point of view of general morality; In terms of novelty, the book deserves attention.

18) The word approximately is introductory in the sense of "for example" and is not introductory in the sense of "approximately".

Wed: I try about her, about("For example"), not to think is impossible(Ostrovsky). - We are about("approximately") in these tones and with such conclusions they talked(Furmanov).

19) The word for example is associated with the following punctuation:

• separated by commas as introductory:

  Nikolai Artemyevich liked to argue persistently, for example, about whether it is possible for a person to travel around the entire globe throughout his life.(Turgenev);

• stands out together with a turnover, at the beginning or at the end of which is:

requires a comma before itself and a colon after itself, if it is after a generalizing word before listing homogeneous members:

Some mushrooms are very poisonous, for example: pale grebe, satanic mushroom, fly agaric.

Note!

Never are not introductory and the words are not separated by commas:

as if, as if, hardly, hardly, allegedly, almost, even, exactly, after all, only, certainly, just, nevertheless, necessarily, suddenly.

3. General rules for punctuation marks for introductory words, combinations and sentences.

1) Basically, introductory words, phrases and sentences are separated by commas:

I confess that he did not make a good impression on me.(Turgenev); Yes, you probably saw her that evening(Turgenev).

2) If the introductory word is after the enumeration of homogeneous members and precedes the generalizing word, then only a dash (without a comma) is placed before the introductory word, and after it - a comma:

Books, brochures, magazines, newspapers - in a word, all kinds of printed matter lay on his desk in complete disarray.

If the sentence is complex, then a comma before the dash is placed on the basis general rule separation of parts of a complex sentence:

The men drank, argued and laughed - in a word, dinner was extremely cheerful (Pushkin).

3) When two introductory words meet, a comma is placed between them:

What good, perhaps, and marries, out of tenderness of the soul ...(Dostoevsky); So, according to you, physical labor should everyone do it without exception?(Chekhov).

Amplifying particles with introductory words are not separated from them by a comma:

This is probably true, since there are no contraindications.

4) If the introductory word is at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover (isolation, clarification, explanation, attachment), then it is not separated from the turnover by any sign:

The swarthy, stocky captain calmly sips his pipe, apparently Italian or Greek (Kataev); Among the comrades there are such poets, lyrics or something, preachers of love for people(Bitter).

Introductory words are not separated from a separate turnover, even if they are at the very beginning or at the very end of the sentence:

Apparently afraid of snowdrifts, the leader of the group canceled the climb to the top of the mountain; Leave these new arguments unconvincing and far-fetched of course.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate turnover, then it is separated by commas on a general basis:

The child, apparently afraid of the horse, ran up to his mother.

Note!

It is necessary to distinguish between cases when the introductory word is at the beginning of a separate turnover, and cases when it is between two members of the sentence.

Wed: He had information seems to have been published recently (a separate turnover, the introductory word seems to be part of it). - In his hand he held a small, it seems, technical manual.(without the introductory word, there would be no punctuation mark, since the definitions small and technical heterogeneous, the introductory word refers to the second of them).

In the presence of homogeneous definitions, when there may be doubt as to which of the homogeneous terms, preceding or following, the introductory word between them refers, the second definition, together with the introductory word, can form a clarifying construction.

This information is taken from the new seems special for thiscase drawn up, directory(without an introductory word, there would be a comma between homogeneous definitions); Silence and grace reigned in it, obviously forgotten by god and people, corner of the earth(specifying definition with a demonstrative pronoun this).

If the introductory word is at the beginning of a phrase enclosed in brackets, then it is separated by a comma:

Both posts (apparently recent) have received widespread attention.

5) If there is a coordinating union before the introductory word, then the punctuation will be like this. Introductory words are separated from the previous coordinative union by a comma if the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged to another place in the sentence without violating its structure (as a rule, with unions and, but). If the withdrawal or rearrangement of the introductory word is not possible, then a comma is not placed after the union (usually with the union a).

Wed: The entire edition has already been printed, and, probably, the book will go on sale one of these days. (The entire edition has already been printed, and the book will go on sale in a few days.); This question has already been considered several times, but, apparently, the final decision has not yet been made. (This question has already been considered several times, but the final decision has not yet been made.); Here, not coal, but rather liquid fuel can be used. (It can be used not coal, but liquid fuel). - The calculations were made hastily, and therefore inaccurately.(impossible: Calculations were made hastily and inaccurately); Maybe everything will end well, and maybe vice versa(impossible: Maybe everything will end well, and vice versa).

Note!

Homogeneous member of the sentence, standing after the introductory words and therefore, therefore, is not isolated, that is, a comma is not placed after it.

For example: As a result, strength electromagnetic field incoming signals, which means that the reception strength increases many times over; This scheme, and therefore the whole project as a whole, needs to be verified.

6) After the connecting union (at the beginning of an independent sentence), a comma is usually not put, since the union is closely adjacent to the introductory word following it:

And imagine, he nevertheless staged this performance; And I can assure you, the performance was wonderful; And what do you think he got his way; But anyway, the decision was made.

Less often (when intonation highlights introductory words or introductory sentences, when they are included in the text by means of a subordinating union), after the connecting union, a comma is placed before the introductory construction:

But, to my great annoyance, Shvabrin, usually condescending, decisively announced that my song was not good(Pushkin); And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing(Krymov).

7) The introductory words before the comparative turnover (with the union as), target turnover (with the union to), etc., are separated from them on the basis of the general rule:

All this seemed strange to me, however, like others; The son thought for a moment, probably to collect his thoughts.(usually in these cases the introductory word refers not to the previous, but to the subsequent part of the sentence).

8) A dash can be used instead of a comma for introductory words, phrases and sentences.

The dash is used in the following cases:

if the introductory phrase forms an incomplete construction (any word restored from the context is missing), then a dash is usually put instead of one comma:

Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: on the one hand, to give the horses a rest, on the other, to rest and refresh himself(Gogol) (comma before subordinate clause is absorbed by the dash);

a dash is placed before the introductory word as an additional sign after the comma if the introductory word is between two parts of a complex sentence and can be referred to either the preceding or the subsequent part:

The dog disappeared - probably someone drove it out of the yard(the dash emphasizes that not “the dog must have disappeared”, but that “the dog must have been driven away”).

Sometimes an additional sign emphasizes causal or conjunctive relationships between parts of a sentence:

It was difficult to check his words - obviously, the circumstances had changed a lot.

Sometimes a comma and a dash are placed before the introductory word, which is at the beginning of a separate turnover, and a comma after it, to avoid possible ambiguity:

Since there is still time, we will call someone else for the exam, for example, those who are retaken (allowable in the meaning of "suppose", "say");

a dash is placed before the introductory word after a comma if the part of the sentence following the introductory word summarizes what was said in the first part:

Chichikov asked with extreme accuracy who was the governor in the city, who was the chairman of the chamber, who was the prosecutor - in a word, he did not miss a single significant person.(Gogol);

using a dash, introductory sentences can be distinguished if they are quite common (have secondary members):

To suspect Yakov Lukich of sabotage - now it seemed to him- it was not easy(Sholokhov); Let the enemy get away, or - as it is said in the solemn language of military regulations- letting him break away is a big nuisance for scouts, almost a shame(Kazakevich).

Hello to my subscribers and guests of the blog! In this article, I would like to tell you about cool introductory words that are used in conversation. They make your English easier and are very handy to use in a variety of situations!

There are many introductory words in English, but I would like to draw attention to the most commonly used ones.

Anyway — “nevertheless, anyway, in any case, etc.”

I already told you about this word in the article. It is one of the most popular words in English language. You can hear it very often from native speakers. And this is not surprising, because you can use it almost anywhere you want. For example:

I don't want to go there. But, anyway, I'll go with you.

(I don't want to go there. But anyway, I'll go with you)

Anyway, it's not easy way out, but we have to do it.

(Somehow, this is not the best way out, but we have to do it)

Anyway, I'll help you!

(Anyway, I'll help you)

English it's not so easy. Anyway, I like learning it.

(English is not easy. But anyway, I like to learn it)

Honestly — "honestly»

Good word in spoken English. It is a short form of the phrase "to tell you the truth honestly» I really like to use this word in conversation. Very comfortable and sounds great.

Honestly, I didn't like that movie.

(Honestly, I didn't like that movie)

Honestly, I liked the way you said that.

(To be honest, I liked the way you said it)

Honestly, I didn't have time to do these exercises.

(To be honest, I didn't have time to do these exercises)

actually — "generally, in fact"

A cool word that can be used in a variety of situations. For example:

Actually, I didn't say it.

(Actually, I didn't say that)

Actually, I've sung this song the first.

(Actually, I sang this song first)

I don't actually know what to say about it.

(I don't really know what to say about this)

Probably — "probably"

Another good word for spoken English:

Probably, I was wrong.

(Probably I was wrong)

Probably, we'll go together to the party.

(We'll probably go to the party together)

Probably, we'll be late for the train.

(We'll probably miss the train)

Obviously — "obviously, certainly":

Obviously, they're the best friends.

(Obviously they are best friends)

Obviously, it's the most difficult part of our journey.

(Certainly, this is the most difficult part of our journey)

Obviously, he's lying.

(Obviously he's lying)

There is another word with a similar meaning:

apparently- apparently, probably, it seems, apparently:

They are apparently in the relationship.

(Apparently they are in a relationship)

Apparently, we've made a mistake.

(Seems like we made a mistake)

It's hard to explain the difference, but I'll try. "Obviously" characterizes a greater degree of evidence of what has been said than "apparently". I hope it's clear =)

Practically — "practically, actually, actually"

Not so common, but also very useful word:

It's practically impossible.

(It's practically impossible)

It's practically the same.

(It's practically the same)

I hope the article was useful for you;)

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» Introductory words in English

Introductory phrases and insert words exist in any language. Such phrases help start a conversation, link parts of a conversation, parts of a sentence, thoughts and ideas to each other. Introductory phrases and words in English help to give emotional and semantic coloring to speech, make speech more expressive and rich. Such expressions can convey the attitude of the speaker to the statement. Examples of using introductory words and phrases in English

Knowing the introductory phrases and interjections in English will be very useful for those who are learning this language, because it will help the beginner to improve his language skills. Today we will look at the most common and frequently encountered introductory phrases in English, the so-called clichés, and their use in speech.

What are these English introductory phrases?

Introductory phrases are called introductory phrases because the sentence begins with them, and they do not play any grammatical or semantic role in the sentence. Such expressions enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of the statement, but if they are discarded, then the meaning of the sentence will not change in any way.

Here are the main clichés with examples that will help you diversify your English speech:

• Moreover, …- Furthermore…
  Tom is absent today, moreover, he is ill. Tom is absent today, moreover, he is ill.
• Most of all, …- Most…
  Most of all I like ice-cream. - Most of all I like ice cream.
• It is important to know that … It's important to know that...
  It is important to know that this question needs an urge decision. It is important to know that this issue needs to be resolved as soon as possible.
• It is important to remember that … It's important to remember that...
  It is important to remember that we have no time to be late, nobody will wait for us. — It is important to remember that we do not have time to be late, because no one will be waiting for us.
• In conclusion… In conclusion... As a conclusion...
  In conclusion I'd like to say that you've done a great job. In conclusion, I would like to say that you have done an excellent job.
• After all, …- Finally…
  I am sick and tired of this conversation, and after all, it's late, it's time to go home. - I'm tired of this conversation, and in the end, it's already late, it's time to go home.
• In any case, … / Anyway, … / Either way, …“In any case…, still…
  In any case, we should prevent him. Anyway he must know about the problem. “Anyway, we should warn him. Still, he should be aware of the problem.
• Actually,…“Actually…
  Actually Tom didn't know about the problem, so he isn't guilty. Actually, Tom didn't know about the problem, it's not his fault.
• Happy…- Fortunately…
  Tom is late. Fortunately, we didn't manage to begin the conference. Tom is late. Fortunately, we have not started the conference yet.
• Unfortunately…- Unfortunately…
  Unfortunately, I didn't finish my homework. Unfortunately, I didn't finish my homework.
• Firstly…“First, first…
  Let's begin. Firstly, I want to ask you some questions. - Let's start. First I would like to ask you a few questions.
• Instead of…- Instead of…
  Instead of watching TV now, you'd wash up. Instead of watching TV now, you should wash the dishes.
• In the first place, …- At the first place…
  In the first place we must finish our work for today. “First of all, we must finish our work for today.
• From time to time, …- Occasionally…
  Do you often see Alex? Yes, from time to time he visits me. Do you see Alex often? Yes, he visits me from time to time.
• As a result of …- As a result of...
  As a result of what is done, we have a great job. “As a result of what has been done, we have done a good job.
• Indeed, …“Actually, actually…
  Indeed, I need you. “Actually, I need you. Also in the proverb A friend in need is a friend indeed. - A friend in need is known (literally: a friend in need is really a friend).
• In order to …- In order to, in order to ...
  In order to manage everything, you should plan your day. To be successful, you must plan your day.
• In other words, …- In other words…
  She doesn't want to finish her task, in other words, she is lazy. She doesn't want to finish her work, in other words, she's lazy.

Popular introductory clichés in English speech

More English introductory clichés

Of course, there are a lot of expressions in the English language that do not play any grammatical role in the sentence, but lexically enrich and decorate speech:

• It seems that…- It seems that…
  It is cloudy and windy outside. It seems to me that it will rain. — It is cloudy and windy outside. I think it will rain.
• In short, …- Briefly speaking…
  I am not sure he understood the problem. In short, he didn't understand anything. I'm not sure he understood what the problem was. In short, he did not understand anything.
• Besides, …- Besides…
  I am very tired; besides, I think that I've caught a cold. I'm very tired, besides, I think I've caught a cold.
• In addition,…“Besides, besides…
  We have a lot of work. In addition, we must finish it till Sunday. — We have a lot of work. Besides. we have to finish it before sunday.
• By the way, … By the way, by the way...
  By the way, did you pay for the internet? By the way, did you pay for the Internet?
• However,…“Nevertheless, still…
  I've finished my article; however, I have some details. - I have finished my article, however, there are still some details left.
• Frankly speaking, …- Honestly…
  Frankly speaking, I don't believe him. “Honestly, I don't believe him.
• In my opinion, … In my opinion, in my opinion...
  In my opinion, Alex is a very sincere man. — In my opinion, Alex is a very sincere person.
• At first, ... / First, ...- First, first...
  Can I take your car? At first, I must speak with my parents. — Can I take your car? First I have to talk to my parents.
• First of all, …- Primarily…
  I want to be a doctor. But first of all, I must finish the school. - I want to be a doctor. But first of all I have to finish school.
• Let us/Let's/Let me…- Allow me, let's...
  Let me see your documents. Let me see your papers.
• On the one hand, …, on the other hand, …- On the one hand on the other hand…
  On the one hand this question is very important, but on the other hand it can wait.- On the one hand, this question is very important, on the other hand, it can wait.
• Also, …- Also…
  I've bought some dresses for my daughter; also I've bought a skirt for me. — I bought some dresses for my daughter, I also bought a skirt for myself.
• Nevertheless, …“Nevertheless, despite…
  Nevertheless, Ann is late, we'll begin without her. Even though Anna is late, we will start without her.
• I would rather…- I would prefer…
  I would rather finish this exercise. — I'd rather finish this exercise.
• I would like to…- I would like to…
  I would like ice cream with fruits. — I'd like ice cream sundae.
• I think, … / I believe, … / I guess, …/I consider… I think, I think, I guess...
  I consider that our planet needs protection. “I think our planet needs protection.
• Maybe...- May be…
  Tom didn't come to our party. Maybe he is ill. Tom didn't come to our party. Maybe he got sick.
• Probably...- Probably…
  Probably Kate will win the contest. - Probably, Katya will win this competition.
• It's possible that…- It is possible that...
  I can't connect the internet. It's possible that our computer is broken. I can't access the internet, maybe our computer is broken.

So, these were the main introductory phrases and plug-in constructions in English. We hope that these simple clichés and expressions will help you connect sentences as you speak.

Introductory and connecting phrases in English are exactly what, without which, live colloquial speech turns into memorized dialogues from textbooks. When communicating in our native language, we do not even notice how we use linking phrases.

Introductory phrases help express opinions and emotions. Linking words give speech and text flow, linking thoughts and sentences together.

Emotions are what is important in colloquial speech. Even if your accent is not perfect, even if mistakes sometimes happen, but without emotions, speech becomes dull, and the interlocutor quickly loses interest.

Introductory phrases for expressing opinions as a lifeline, use them if you do not know where to start. I have prepared several expressions with examples of their use in conversation.

I believe / I guess / I think - I believe / I believe / I think

Example: I guess it will rain today / I think it will rain today.

In my opinion - In my opinion

Example: In my opinion Johnny is wrong

Frankly speaking / To tell the truth - Frankly speaking / Honestly

Example: To tell the truth today's dinner was awful

As far as I know - As far as I know

Example: As far as I know Madlin is going to spend weekend in Belfast. / As far as I know, Madeline is going to spend the weekend in Belfast.

Firstly - firstly

Secondly - secondly

After all - In the end

finally - finally

In a word - In a word

By the way - By the way / By the way

Example: By the way you look very cute in this hat. / By the way, you look really cute in that hat.

In fact / Actually - In fact

Example: In fact he is boring to read this book. / In fact, he is bored reading this book

Most of all

Example: Most of all Sandy likes strawberry icecream. / Sandy's favorite thing is strawberry ice cream.

Moreover / Furthermore - Moreover

Example: Desktop computers are cheaper and more reliable than laptops; furthermore, they are more flexible. / Desktops are cheaper and more reliable than laptops. Moreover, they are more flexible.

From time to time — From time to time

Example: From time to time Peter has to visit his doctor. / Peter has to visit his doctor from time to time.

It may seem that - It may seem that

Example: It may seem that I like Anny's brother but it is not true. / It may seem that I like Annie's brother, but I don't.

In other words - In other words

It is not surprising that - It is not surprising that

Obviously - Obviously

In short / In a nutshell - In short / In short

Besides / besides that - In addition

Meanwhile / Meantime - Meanwhile

It turned out that - It turned out that

usually - usually

According to - According to

Example: According to the rules Paul was excluded from the team. / In accordance with the rules, Paul was excluded from the team

On the whole

In conclusion / To conclude with - In conclusion

You will find more introductory and connecting phrases. There is also an exercise to reinforce the use of introductory and linking phrases.

Introductory words are called so precisely because they "introduce" the reader into the meaning of the sentence. They denote a logical connection between the original thought and the final one, thereby giving the text smoothness and integrity. Introductory words are like road signs that help the reader navigate the text.

The easiest way to link words is with coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They help bring together not only individual words but whole phrases. For example, when you use the conjunction “so” (meaning “therefore”), you are saying: “this is the conclusion we can draw from the above”.

When you use “or”, you are saying “there is another option”. The most commonly used conjunction “and” is also the weakest in terms of conveying meaning, it simply combines “something” and “something else”. play the role of links, but they are not enough to give the text coherence and expressiveness.

What are introductory words

And this is where introductory words come in! They are logically connected. Introductory words are classified according to the type of logical connection between the members of the sentence. Consider the most commonly used of them.

• Example: for example, for instance (for example), such as (such as), specifically (namely)
• Consequence: therefore (as a result of this), hence (from here), thus (thus), as a result, resulting in (as a result), so (therefore), consequently (therefore)
• Contrasting: necessary (nevertheless), however (however), but (but), on the other hand (on the other hand), in contrast (for comparison), on the contrary, conversely (on the contrary), at the same time ( at the same time), still (nevertheless), although (although), even though (even though), despite, in spite of (despite the fact that)
• Similarity: likewise, similarly, just as, equally (in a similar way, similarly)
• Concession: although, even though, of course, granted, while
• Addition: in addition, additionally (in addition, in addition), moreover (moreover), also (also), furthermore (in addition, also, in addition to this)
• Emphasis: more importantly (more important), most importantly (most important), chiefly (mostly), indeed (in fact), in fact (in fact), primarily (in the first place), no doubt (undoubtedly, undoubtedly)
• Repetition: again (once again), in other words (in other words), in effect (in fact, in fact), that is (that is), in short (in short)
• Time indication: at last (last time), eventually (in the end), before (earlier), after, afterwards (next), finally (at the end), during (during), then (then), when (when ), as (because)
• Location indication: to the right (right), to the left (left), in the background (in the background), in the foreground (in the foreground), in the distance (at a distance)
• Conclusion: thus (thus), finally, in the end (finally, in conclusion)

How introductory words can affect the text

You may be surprised how much the correct use of introductory words can improve the text. Introductory words act as glue to hold ideas together and help guide you and your reader smoothly and naturally from one part of the text to the next. For example:

Original text: Succeeding in college is often a challenge for students. Most colleges provide services designed to help students. They include peer tutoring and personal counseling. Colleges need to provide more services to help students succeed.

Corrected text: Succeeding in college often is a challenge for students. Therefore, most colleges provide services designed to help students, such as peer tutoring and personal counseling. However, colleges need to do more to help students succeed.

Adding just a few introductory words helps to indicate the relationship between the various parts of a paragraph and improves the overall “fluidity” of the text.

What to avoid when using introductory words

Introductory words improve the quality of the written text, but they can be abused. Below are three things to watch out for when using introductory words.

Make sure the logical connections established by the introductory words are clear.

Since introductory words serve to connect sentences and ideas, their use will be incorrect if the connection is not clear or does not exist at all.

Example: A girl looks out of the window covered with frost. For example, she sees a dog under a tree, trembling in the cold. ("For example" doesn't make sense because the girl seeing the dog is not an example of anything mentioned in the first sentence.)

Example: She decides to go out and get the dog. follow, her mother sits in the chair knitting. ("Consequently" doesn't make sense, since her mother's sitting in the chair has nothing to do with the girl's decision to pick up a dog.)

Avoid overuse of introductory words

Introductory words should guide the reader, but overusing them can have the opposite effect and make the text confusing.

Example: Writing an essay can be challenging. However, there are techniques that can make the process a little easier. For example, taking plenty of notes on the subject can help the writer generate ideas. Therefore, note-taking is an important "pre-writing" strategy. In addition, some people "free-write," writing quickly for ten or twenty minutes to see what ideas arise. However, taking notes and free-writing are only the beginning. Ideas must eventually be organized in a logical way. follow, an outline can help the writer make sense of the rough material generated through the note-taking and free-writing process. Therefore, writing an outline is another important step in the writing process. However, some writers are able to conceptualize a sense of logical order for their ideas without actually writing an outline. Nevertheless, these writers seem to have some kind of outline in their minds. In addition, an outline should help the writer formulate a thesis for the essay. follow, an outline can help give focus to the essay.

This paragraph could be improved by removing some of the introductory words. When there are too many introductory words, it can confuse and annoy the reader, especially if the introductory words are at the beginning of a sentence.

Avoid mistakes that may occur when using introductory words

Introductory words, like any other, must be used carefully so that they do not create grammatical errors. The most common errors are "gluing" sentences with a comma. Examples are shown below.

Incomplete sentence: Resulting in the girl's search for affection elsewhere.

Corrected: Mother seems to ignore her daughter, resulting in the girl's search for affection elsewhere.

Comma glue: The girl sees the dog out in the cold, however by the time the girl goes outside, the dog is gone.