Impact of power lines. Power transmission line sanitary zone. The influence of electromagnetic fields on humans. The effect of power lines on the body

Attic 16.10.2020

Attic

The biological influence of electric and magnetic fields on the organism of humans and animals has been studied a lot. The observed effects, if they occur, are still not clear and difficult to define, so this topic remains relevant.

Magnetic fields on our planet have a dual origin - natural and anthropogenic. Natural magnetic fields, the so-called magnetic storms, originate in the Earth's magnetosphere. Anthropogenic magnetic disturbances cover a smaller territory than natural ones, but their manifestation is much more intense, and, therefore, brings more tangible damage. As a result of technical activity, a person creates artificial electromagnetic fields, which are hundreds of times stronger than the natural magnetic field of the Earth. Sources of anthropogenic radiation are: powerful radio transmitting devices, electrified vehicles, power lines.

One of the most powerful pathogens is power frequency currents (50 Hz). So, the electric field strength directly under the power line can reach several thousand volts per meter of soil, although due to the property of reducing the tension by the soil, already at a distance of 100 m from the line, the intensity drops sharply to several tens of volts per meter.

Studies of the biological effect of an electric field have found that even at a strength of 1 kV / m, it has an adverse effect on nervous system human, which in turn leads to disorders of the endocrine apparatus and metabolism in the body (copper, zinc, iron and cobalt), disrupts physiological functions: heart rate, blood pressure level, brain activity, metabolic processes and immune activity.

Since 1972, publications have appeared in which the effect on humans and animals of electric fields with intensities of more than 10 kV / m has been considered.

Proportional to current and inversely proportional to distance; the strength of the electric field is proportional to the voltage (charge) and inversely proportional to the distance. The parameters of these fields depend on the voltage class, design features and geometrical dimensions of the high-voltage transmission line. The emergence of a powerful and extended source of the electromagnetic field leads to a change in those natural factors under which the ecosystem was formed. Electric and magnetic fields can induce surface charges and currents in the human body.

Studies have shown that the maximum current in the human body, induced by an electric field, is much higher than the current caused by a magnetic field. So, the harmful effect of the magnetic field is manifested only when its intensity is about 200 A / m, which happens at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the line phase wires and is dangerous only for maintenance personnel when working under voltage. This circumstance made it possible to conclude that there is no biological effect of magnetic fields of industrial frequency on people and animals under power lines.Thus, the electric field of power lines is the main biologically effective factor of long-distance power transmission, which can turn out to be a barrier on the path of movement migration different types aquatic and terrestrial fauna.

Based on the design features of the power transmission (wire sagging), the greatest influence of the field is manifested in the middle of the span, where the tension for over- and ultra-high voltage lines at the level of a person's height is 5 - 20 kV / m and higher, depending on the voltage class and line design.

At the supports, where the height of the suspension of the wires is greatest and the shielding effect of the supports affects, the field strength is the smallest. Since people, animals, transport can be under the wires of power lines, it becomes necessary to assess the possible consequences of a long and short-term stay of living beings in an electric field of various strengths.

The most sensitive to electric fields are ungulates and humans in shoes that insulate them from the ground. The hoof of animals is also a good insulator. In this case, the induced potential can reach 10 kV, and the current pulse through the body when it touches a grounded object (bush branch, blade of grass) is 100-200 μA. Such impulses of current are safe for the body, but unpleasant sensations force ungulates to avoid high-voltage power lines in the summer.

In the action of an electric field on a person, the currents flowing through his body play a dominant role. This is determined by the high conductivity of the human body, where organs with blood and lymph circulating in them predominate.

At present, experiments on animals and human volunteers have established that the current density with a conductivity of 0.1 μA / cm and below does not affect the work of the brain, since the pulsed biocurrents, usually flowing in the brain, significantly exceed the density of such a conduction current.

With a current density of 1 μA / cm, a flickering of light circles is observed in the eyes of a person, higher current densities already capture the threshold values of stimulation of sensory receptors, as well as nerve and muscle cells, which leads to fright and involuntary motor reactions.

In the case of a person touching objects isolated from the ground in the zone of an electric field of significant intensity, the current density in the heart zone strongly depends on the state of the underlying conditions (type of footwear, soil condition, etc.), but it can already reach these values.

At a maximum current corresponding to Em ax = 15 kV / m (6.225 mA), a known fraction of this current flowing through the head region (about 1/3), and the head area (about 100 cm), the current density

For human health, the problem is to determine the relationship between the current density induced in the tissues and the magnetic induction of the external field, V. Calculation of the current density

complicated by the fact that its exact path depends on the distribution of the conductance y in the tissues of the body.

So, the specific conductance of the brain is determined by y = 0.2 cm / m, and that of the heart muscle is y = 0.25 cm / m. If we take the radius of the head 7.5 cm and the radius of the heart 6 cm, then the product yR turns out to be the same in both cases. Therefore, one can give one representation for the current density at the periphery of the heart and brain.

It has been determined that the magnetic induction, safe for health, is about 0.4 mT at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. In magnetic fields (from 3 to 10 mT, f = 10 - 60 Hz), the appearance of light flickers was observed, similar to those that occur when pressing on the eyeball.

The density of the current induced in the human body by an electric field with a strength E is calculated as follows:

with different coefficients k for the region of the brain and heart.

The value of k = 3-10 -3 cm / Hzm.

According to German scientists, the field strength at which hair vibration is felt by 5% of the men tested is 3 kV / m, and for 50% of the men tested, it is 20 kV / m. Currently, there is no evidence that the sensations caused by the action of the field create any adverse effect. As for the relationship between current density and biological influence, four areas can be distinguished, presented in the table.

The last area of the current density value refers to exposure times of the order of one cardiac cycle, i.e. approximately 1 s for a person For shorter exposures, the threshold values are higher. To determine the threshold value of the field strength, physiological studies were performed on humans in laboratory conditions at a strength of 10 to 32 kV / m. It was found that at a voltage of 5 kV / m, 80% of people do not experience pain during discharges when they touch grounded objects. It is this value that was adopted as the normative one when working in electrical installations without the use of protective equipment.

The dependence of the permissible time of a person's stay in an electric field with an intensity E greater than the threshold is approximated by the equation

Fulfillment of this condition ensures self-restoration of the physiological state of the body during the day without residual reactions and functional or pathological changes.

Let's get acquainted with the main results of studies of the biological effects of electric and magnetic fields carried out by Soviet and foreign scientists.

Effects of electric fields on personnel

During the studies, an integrating dosimeter was attached to the upper part of the forearm of each worker. It was found that the average daily exposure for workers on high-voltage lines ranged from 1.5 kV / (m-h) to 24 kV / (m-h). The maximum values are noted in very rare cases. From the data obtained from the study, it can be concluded that there is no noticeable relationship between exposure in the fields and the general state of human health.

Overhead power lines and cancer in children

In residential premises, it can be created by household electrical equipment and wiring, external underground cables, as well as overhead power lines. The investigated and control objects were grouped at intervals of 25 m to the overhead power transmission line, and the degree of risk at a distance of more than 100 m from the line was taken as a unit.

These results do not support the hypothesis that power frequency magnetic fields affect the occurrence of cancer in children.

Electrostatic effect on human and animal hair

The research was carried out in connection with the hypothesis that the influence of the field felt by the skin surface is caused by the action of electrostatic forces on the hair. As a result, it was found that at a field strength of 50 kV / m, the subject felt itching associated with vibration of the hair, which was recorded by special devices.

Effect of an electric field on plants

The experiments were carried out in a special chamber in an undistorted field with an intensity from 0 to 50 kV / m. There was a slight damage to the leaf tissue at exposure from 20 to 50 kV / m, depending on the configuration of the plant and the initial moisture content in it. Tissue necrosis has been observed in plant parts with sharp edges. Thick plants with a smooth rounded surface were not damaged at a voltage of 50 kV / m. Damage is the result of the crown on the protruding parts of the plant. In the weakest plants, damage was observed as early as 1–2 h after exposure. It is important that in wheat seedlings with very sharp ends, crown and damage were noticeable at a comparatively low tension of 20 kV / m. This was the lowest threshold for damage in studies.

The most probable mechanism of plant tissue damage is thermal. Tissue damage occurs when the field strength becomes high enough to cause corona and a high density corona current flows through the tip of the leaf. The heat released in this case on the resistance of the leaf tissue leads to the death of a narrow layer of cells, which relatively quickly lose water, dry out and shrink. However, this process has a limit and the percentage of dried plant surface is small.

The effect of the electric field on animals

The research was carried out in two directions: studying at the level of the biosystem and studying the thresholds of the detected influences. Among the chickens placed in a field with a voltage of 80 kV / m, weight gain, viability, and low mortality were noted. The field perception threshold was measured on domestic pigeons. It has been shown that pigeons have some kind of mechanism for detecting low-intensity electric fields. No genetic changes were observed. It is noted that animals living in an electric field of high intensity can experience a mini-shock due to extraneous factors depending on the experimental conditions, which can lead to some anxiety and excitement of the subjects.

In a number of countries, there are regulations that limit the limit values of the field strength in the area of overhead transmission lines. A maximum voltage of 20 kV / m was recommended in Spain, and the same value is now considered the limit in Germany.

Public awareness of the effect of the electromagnetic field on living organisms continues to grow, and some interest and concern about this effect will lead to the continuation of relevant medical research, especially on people living near overhead power lines.

See also on this topic:

In the 60s of the XX century, it was discovered dangerous effects of electromagnetic fields of power lines on human body.

The health status of people who are in close contact with power lines in production conditions or who live nearby are approximately the same. People complain of increased fatigue, irritability, memory impairment, sleep disturbance, depression, migraine, disorientation in space, muscle weakness, problems with the cardiovascular system, hypotension, visual impairment, atrophy of color perception, decreased immunity, potency, changes in blood composition. This list can be continued with a whole range of physiological disorders and all kinds of diseases.

It has been proven that people living nearby power lines have cancer, serious reproductive disorders, as well as the so-called electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome. It is quite scary to hear reports about the research of some foreign scientists on the subject of the impact of high-voltage power lines on the health of children. It was found that children living at a distance of up to 150 meters from power lines and substations are twice as likely to suffer from leukemia, and almost all of them have nervous system disorders.

In some countries, there is a medical term such as electromagnetic allergy. People suffering from it have the opportunity to change their place of residence free of charge to another, located as far as possible from sources of electromagnetic radiation. All this is officially sponsored by the government! How do I comment on the potential danger posed by power lines? First of all, they insist that the voltage of electric current in power lines can be different, and therefore it is necessary to distinguish between safe and dangerous voltage. The range of exposure to the magnetic field created by the power transmission line is directly proportional to the power of the line itself. A professional determines the voltage class of a power line by the number of wires in a bundle not on the support itself:

- 2 wires - 330 kV;

- 3 wires - 500 kV;

- 4 wires - 750 kV.

The lower voltage class of the transmission line is determined by the number of insulators:
- 3-5 insulators - 35 kV;

- 6-8 insulators - 110 kV;

- 15 insulators - 220 kV.

In order to protect the population from the harmful effects of power lines, there are special standards that define a certain sanitary zone, conditionally starting from the extreme power line wire projected onto the ground:

- Voltage less than 20 kV - 10 m;

- Voltage less than 35 kV - 15 m;

- Voltage less than 110 kV - 20 m;

- Voltage less than 150-220 kV - 25 m;

- Voltage less than 330 - 500 kV - 30 m;

- Voltage less than 750 kV - 40 m.

These norms apply to Moscow and the Moscow region, in accordance with them, and plots for construction are also allocated. These standards do not take into account the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation, and it is it that sometimes tens, and sometimes hundreds of times more dangerous to health!

So that the magnetic field does not affect health status, multiply each of the listed indicators by 10. It turns out that a low-power transmission line is harmless only at a distance of 100 meters! Power transmission lines harbor a voltage that is in maximum contact with the corona discharge threshold. In bad weather, this discharge throws a cloud of oppositely charged ions into the atmosphere. The electric field created by them, even at a great distance from the power transmission line, can be much higher than the permissible harmless values.

A new project by the Moscow government to move some sections of high-voltage power lines underground. The city hall plans to use the vacated area for building. This is where a natural question arises - will the underground power lines be so safe for the people living above them? Will developers call energy specialists to the area planned for housing construction? Unfortunately, the electromagnetic radiation of underground power lines and its effect on the human body is still poorly understood.

The first to go into the underground will be the power lines located in the districts - Leninsky Prospekt, Prospekt Mira and Shchelkovskoe Highway. Further, it is planned to remove underground power lines of the North-Eastern Administrative District, namely in North and South Medvedkovo, as well as in Bibirevo and Altufevo. These territories have already been put up for sale and are waiting for their investors. In total, there are more than a hundred power lines and open-type electrical substations in the capital. Potential developers of land from under power lines, and with them the Moscow government, argue that modern technologies will completely isolate electromagnetic radiation. For this, it is planned to use coaxial cables laid in special shielding collectors.

Moving power transmission lines underground is an expensive procedure (about 1 million euros for 1 km of the laid cable), and therefore there is no guarantee that developers will not "save". Consequently, there is no certainty that the housing erected above the power transmission line will become safe in all respects.

The most correct decision is to buy a home located in a safe zone - where there is no harm to health! ♌

Catching Goldfish on the Internet

They talk a lot about the dangers of high-voltage power lines, and most often in vain. What theories have not been put forward about how power lines affect a person, here are the statistics of the incidence of cancer in people living in an area with a nearby high-voltage line, and the influence of power lines on brain cells, and even widespread hair loss are associated with closely located high-voltage lines. Let's try to understand this issue and justify what they say, but never prove.

So, only two types of radiation can come from power lines, in the form of a static field and alternating waves. In addition to high-voltage lines, the same radiation is given by electrical wiring and any of the electrical appliances in our houses and apartments. For comparison, let's take one AC outlet with a voltage of 220-240 volts, located a meter from a person, and a power line with a voltage of about 200 kilovolts, located at a distance of 30 meters. The strength of the static field becomes less proportional to the square of the distance, thus, both radiation sources, both the outlet and the power line, have approximately the same effect.

In the case of alternating waves, the attenuation is much weaker, since their strength is inversely proportional to the distance from the radiation source, and if we take the same distances as in the previous case, then the equivalent of an outlet located a meter away from us will be a power transmission line with a voltage of 6, 5 kilovolts. Pay also attention to the fact that our housing has more than one outlet, but also meters of electrical wiring, a refrigerator, a TV, a computer, a bunch of other electrical appliances, and their radiation will be much stronger.

It is impossible to say that high-voltage power lines have any harmful effect on the human body. The fact is that this issue has never been fully studied. In theory, the only thing that can cause a nearby power line in the body is resonance internal organs... However, the industrial frequency of the current is 50 Hz, and there is no such frequency in the human body, lower frequencies have an effect on us. However, people who work with high voltage, including high-voltage power lines, it was noted that they have chronic fatigue syndrome, irritability, and weakened immunity. It is possible that the listed symptoms are associated with the fact that work with high voltages requires constant concentration and attentiveness, unlike other work, when increased attention is required only periodically.

The question of the dangers of power lines will remain unexplored for a very long time, and the point is not even that there are people for whom it is important that this information remains sealed, although this may well be the same, the fact is that each person has a very different perception of both electromagnetic fields and static radiation from high-voltage lines. In some countries, there is even a term "electrical allergy".

People who are especially sensitive to the radiation of electrical appliances and high-voltage lines have the right to move to a farther distance from passing power lines. By the way, all the costs and the search for housing are borne by the government. In our country, the most money was spent on is the development of standards by which high-voltage lines are installed. Residential buildings should be located at least 10 meters for a 35 kilovolt line, 50 meters for 110-220 kilovolts and 100 meters for 330 kilovolts and above. The distance is considered from the outermost wire to the wall of a residential building.

One more interesting fact living next door in the same house, two people of the same age may experience different effects from a nearby power line. On one, she will act depressingly, while the other will, on the contrary, feel a surge of vivacity and strength.

It turns out that really high-voltage power lines affect people in different ways. Maybe this is what impedes the study of this area? Although it is quite possible that in reality there is no powerful influence at all, and in the first and second cases, just self-conviction.

On this moment there is no evidence of the harm of power lines to humans, however, nothing has been written about their harmlessness. Indeed, what is known for certain is that they have a certain effect on the human body, but how badly it affects us remains a mystery.

Nevertheless, supporters of the opinion that high-voltage lines destroy the human body annually publish dry figures of mortality statistics in areas where powerful power lines pass. Sanitary services, in turn, claim that high-voltage power lines are harmless and provide physical calculations. Looking at this problem sensibly, without giving preference to one or the other side, you can draw certain conclusions. For example, a drop of water cannot kill a person, but if it methodically drops on his head, then very soon the person goes mad.

If you spend your whole life under the support of a power transmission line of 330 kilovolts, then naturally there will be a very significant effect of its radiation on your body, but if you are constantly at a distance from power lines and only periodically contact the radiations emitted by them, then you will not have any changes in your body notice.

That is why, if possible, try to get out of the city, at least occasionally, because our cities have long become a kind of energy cesspool, where electromagnetic, static and many other types of energy fields intertwine. Somewhere influencing each other, they weaken, somewhere overlapping, they increase many times over and no longer correspond to sanitary standards. It is virtually impossible to protect yourself from them, but giving your body a respite from their effects is available to almost everyone.

For the first time, the dangerous effect of the electromagnetic fields of power lines on the human body was discovered in the 60s of the last century. After careful research into the health status of people in close contact with power lines during production, scientists have found worrying facts. Almost all examined persons complained of increased fatigue, irritability, memory and sleep disorders.

To all of the above symptoms that arise in a person after frequent communication with electromagnetic waves of industrial frequency, you can safely add depression, migraine, disorientation in space, muscle weakness, problems with the cardiovascular system, hypotension, visual impairment, atrophy of color perception, decreased immunity, potency, change in blood composition, etc. etc. The list can be continued with a whole range of physiological disorders and all kinds of diseases.

Very often, people living near power lines have cancer, serious reproductive disorders, as well as the so-called electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome. It is quite scary to hear reports about the research of some foreign scientists on the impact of high-voltage power lines on the health of our children. For example, Swedish and Danish researchers found that children living at a distance of up to 150 meters from power lines, substations and the metro (!) Are twice as likely to get leukemia, and almost all of them have nervous system disorders.

In some countries, there is a medical term such as electromagnetic allergy. People suffering from it have the opportunity to change their place of residence for another, located as far as possible from sources of electromagnetic radiation. And all this is officially sponsored by the government! How do I comment on the potential danger posed by power lines? First of all, they insist that the voltage of electric current in power lines can be different, and therefore it is necessary to distinguish between safe and dangerous voltage. The range of exposure to the magnetic field created by the power transmission line is directly proportional to the power of the line itself. A professional offhand determines the voltage class of the power line. You can have this knowledge too. Everything is quite simple - you need to pay attention to the number of wires in the bundle (not on the support itself). So: 2 wires - 330 kV 3 wires - 500 kV 4 wires - 750 kV The lower voltage class of power lines is determined by the number of insulators: 3-5 insulators - 35 kV 6-8 insulators - 110 kV 15 insulators - 220 kV.

In order to protect the population from the harmful effects of power lines, there are special standards that determine a certain sanitary zone, conventionally starting from the extreme wire of the power transmission line, projected onto the ground. So: Voltage less than 20 kV - 10 m, 35 kV - 15 m, 110 kV - 20 m, 150-220 kV - 25 m, 330 - 500 kV - 30 m, 750 kV - 40 m. precisely to Moscow and the Moscow region. Naturally, in accordance with them, plots for building are also allocated. The most interesting thing is that these standards do not take into account the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation, and in fact it is it that is sometimes tens, and sometimes hundreds of times more dangerous to health!

And now ATTENTION! To prevent the magnetic field from affecting your health, multiply each of the listed indicators by 10 ... It turns out that the lowest-power transmission line is harmless only at a distance of 100 meters! Power transmission lines harbor a voltage that is in maximum contact with the corona discharge threshold. In bad weather, this discharge throws a cloud of oppositely charged ions into the atmosphere. The electric field created by them, even at a great distance from the power transmission line, can be much higher than the permissible harmless values.

More recently, a new project by the Moscow government has received the green light to move some sections of high-voltage power lines underground. The city hall plans to use the vacated area for building. This is where a natural question arises - will the underground power lines be so safe for the people living above them? Will developers call energy specialists to the area planned for housing construction? Unfortunately, the electromagnetic radiation of underground power lines and its effect on the human body is still poorly understood ...

The first to go into the underground are the power lines located in the districts - Leninsky Prospekt, Prospekt Mira and Shchelkovskoye Highway. Further, it is planned to remove underground power lines of the North-Eastern Administrative District, namely in North and South Medvedkovo, as well as in Bibirevo and Altufevo. These territories have already been put up for sale and are waiting for their investors. In total, there are more than a hundred power lines and open-type electrical substations in the capital. Potential developers of the "power transmission lines" lands, and with them the Moscow government, argue that modern technologies will completely isolate electromagnetic radiation. For this, it is planned to use coaxial cables laid in special shielding collectors.

Unfortunately, the transfer of power transmission lines underground is an expensive procedure (costing about 1 million euros for 1 km of the laid cable), and therefore there is no guarantee that developers will not "save". So no one knows whether the housing built over the power transmission line will become safe in all respects. Remember, if your house is located very close to power lines (see permissible sanitary standards above), the most correct decision is still to buy a new home located in a safer area!

Osipenko Yulia Vyacheslavovna

It is impossible to see electromagnetic radiation, and not everyone can imagine it, and therefore a normal person is almost not afraid of it. Meanwhile, if we sum up the influence of electromagnetic radiation from all devices on the planet, then the level of the natural geomagnetic field of the Earth will be exceeded by a factor of millions. The scale of electromagnetic pollution of the human environment has become so significant that the World Health Organization has included this problem among the most urgent for

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v regional scientific and practical conference

"My country is my Russia: from the ecology of nature to the ecology of life"

SCIENTIFIC - RESEARCH WORK ON THE TOPIC: "INFLUENCE ELECTROMAGNETIC POWER LINE FIELDS ON HUMAN HEALTH "

OBZH SECTION

Completed by a student

11 "A" class

FEFU Gymnasium-College Management Company,

Osipenko Yulia Vyacheslavovna

Supervisor:

OBZH teacher,

Yurinskaya Svetlana Yurievna

Vladivostok

2013

Introduction …………………………………… ... 2

Research objectives ………………………… ..2

Methods ……………………………………… ..3

Biological action of power transmission lines …………… .... 3

Principles of Population Protection ………………………………………………………………………… .. 3

Experimental data ……………… ... 4

Conclusions ……………………………………… ..5

Bibliographic list ………………… 6

Appendix ………………………………… ..7

Introduction. this work is devoted to the study of the influence of power lines on the human body, consideration sanitary standards to ensure the safety of the population. It also describes the results of an experiment to identify deviations from the norms of the location of power lines near the educational building "Gymnasium-College FEFU" in the city of Vladivostok.

Relevance of this topic: Currently in the media mass media They talk a lot about the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation on a person, so it was decided to investigate the effect of this field on people in the area of the power transmission line.

The purpose of the studyis the study of the impact of high-voltage power lines on human health.

Based on the goal, the following are determined tasks:

1. Consideration of the impact of power lines on living organisms;

2. Determination of the requirements and standards for them to ensure the safety of the population;
3. Consideration of the operation of power transmission lines on the example of the educational building "Gymnasium-College FEFU" and nearby facilities in the city of Vladivostok.

Methods:

Research of scientific literature.
Determination of the voltage level of power lines.
Survey local residents and students of the UK "Gymnasium-College" FEFU

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, electromagnetic waves excited by various emitting objects - charged particles, atoms, molecules, antennas, etc. Depending on the wavelength, gamma radiation, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, radio waves and low-frequency electromagnetic oscillations are distinguished.

mankind, and many scientists attribute it to potent environmental factors with catastrophic consequences for all life on Earth.

The wires of an operating power transmission line (hereinafter referred to as power transmission lines) create electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency in the adjacent space.

Biological action of power lines.
Electric and magnetic fields are very strong factors of influence on the state of all biological objects falling into the zone of their influence. For example, in the area of action of the electric field of power lines, insects show changes in behavior: in this way, bees show increased aggressiveness, anxiety, decreased efficiency and productivity, and a tendency to lose queens.
In plants, developmental anomalies are common - the shapes and sizes of flowers, leaves, stems often change, extra petals appear.
Healthy person suffers from a relatively long stay in the field of power lines. Short-term irradiation (minutes) can lead to a negative reaction only in hypersensitive people or in patients with certain types of allergies. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation, even at relatively low levels, can cause cancers, memory loss, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, impotence and even increase suicidal tendencies. The fields are especially dangerous for children and pregnant women.

In recent years, oncological diseases are often named among the long-term consequences.Some people are hypersensitive to electromagnetic fields, and doctors have termed it “electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome”.

Sanitary standards and principles for ensuring the safety of the population.
For the population, strict standards were introduced and are currently among the most stringent in the world. They are set out in the Sanitary Norms and Rules "Protection of the population from the effects of the electric field created by overhead power lines of alternating current of industrial frequency" No. 2971-84 (Appendix No. 1). In accordance with these standards, all power supply facilities are designed and built.
Principles for the protection of the population.
The main principle of protecting public health from the electromagnetic field of power lines is to establish sanitary protection zones for power lines and reduce the strength of the electric field in residential buildings and in places where people may stay for a long time by using protective screens. In such areaselectrical networks with voltage

over 1000 volts, the rules prohibit construction, repairs, earthworks without the written permission of special organizations.
How to determine the voltage class of a power line? It is best to contact a local power company, but you can try it visually, although it is difficult for a non-specialist: 330 kV - 2 wires, 500 kV - 3 wires, 750 kV - 4 wires. Below 330 kV, one wire per phase, can be determined only approximately by the number of insulators in a garland: 220 kV 10-15 pcs., 110 kV 6-8 pcs., 35 kV 3-5 pcs., 10 kV and below - 1 pc. ...

At one time, people used an ordinary compass to determine the presence and strength of the influence of a magnetic field from electrical devices. So, for example, a working TV pulled the compass needle at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from it from sides of the screen.

Within the sanitary protection zone of the high-voltage line, it is prohibited to: place residential and public buildings and structures; arrange parking areas and stops for all types of transport.

Do residents of Vladivostok comply with sanitary norms and rules from the impact of the electric field of power lines?
Let us consider, using the example of our city, how sanitary norms and rules are observed against the influence of the electromagnetic field of power lines. As the object of the experiment, we chose the educational building "Gymnasium-College FEFU" in the city of Vladivostok and the nearby hostel, since it is in this area that we have to spend several hours every day.

Experimental data.

During the experiment, we made the following measurements:
1. Determination of the voltage class of power lines.

2. measurement of sanitary protection zones of power transmission lines of various voltage classes;
3. measurement of the distance from the power transmission line to the educational building, dormitory building.

Also, a survey was carried out of students of the gymnasium and residents of the house of Nevelskoy 1.

When determining the class of power transmission lines, it was revealed that the voltage class of this structure is 110 kV.

When measuring the distance between the power lines of residential buildings, the "Gymnasium-College" building, a hostel in Vladivostok, the following data were obtained:

1) The distance from the power line to the hostel is 200m, according to sanitary standards, it meets the requirements.

2) There is also a power transmission line next to our educational building, and more than one. And the location is close, only 20 meters away, but according to sanitary requirements, this is the norm

3) Also next to our building there is a residential building to which the power transmission line is located even closer, 8 meters, according to sanitary standards, this is a violation of the requirements.

4) After school, children often walk on the site to which it is only 3 meters from the power line, according to sanitary standards, this is a violation of the requirements. The violation of the norm is 15 meters.

Measuring the boundaries of the sanitary protection zones showed that within the location of the FEFU Gymnasium-College building, the dormitories, the sanitary standards necessary to ensure the safety of the population meet the requirements, and the location of the recreation area near the house of Nevelskoy 1 revealed violations of sanitary standards. This is due to the unauthorized development of this territory by residents.

This line of the power transmission line poses a danger to the residents of Nevelskoy 1, especially those living in entrance No. 11, and for vacationers at the site next to this entrance, which is located even closer to the power transmission line than entrance No. 11.

When interviewing local residents and students (Appendix No. 2), it was revealed:

Conclusions.

Based on the data obtained, the following conclusions can be drawn: that people who live next to power lines have health problems, sometimes very serious. Children often get sick, get tired, because of this, they often have a bad mood, everyone becomes angry and irritable, and academic performance may decrease.

1.Absorbent materials (synthetic films, wax, felt, paper)

2.Reflective materials (synthetic metal foil)

3. Deflection devices (metal devices in insulators)

The main measures of protection against exposure to electromagnetic radiation:

1.Increasing the distance between the directional action source and the workplace

2.Reducing the radiation power of the generator

3.The most simple and effective method protection against electromagnetic fields is "distance protection".

4. To protect against electromagnetic radiation, almost any metal mesh is placed on the roof of a building with a non-metallic roof, grounded at at least two points; in buildings with a metal roof, it is enough to ground the roof at at least two points. In household plots or other places where people stay, the intensity of the industrial frequency field can be reduced by installing protective screens, for example, reinforced concrete, metal fences, cable screens, trees or shrubs with a height of at least 2 m.

Bibliographic list
1. How dangerous is it for a person to be near a high-voltage power line [Electronic resource] - Access mode: http // www.pereplet.ru.
2. Influence of the electromagnetic field on human health [Electronic resource] -Access mode: http // www.fizika.ru.

Applications.

Appendix # 1

Table No. 1. Boundaries of sanitary protection zones for power transmission lines in accordance with SN No. 2971-84
Line voltage 330 kV 500 kV 750 kV 1150 kV
The size of the sanitary protection (security) zone 20 m 30 m 40 m 55 m

Appendix №2 Results of polls.

The survey involved 100 students from grades 6-11.

When asking questions to students at the gymnasium - FEFU college, we asked:

"Do power lines pass in close proximity to your house?"

Students who live in the area where the power line is located were asked about their health:

1) How often do they get sick each year?

2) Also asked, do they often have headaches?

3) How often do they feel tired?

We asked 14 elderly people, from the house of Nevelskoy 1, who walk in areas in the immediate vicinity of the location of the power transmission line, how they feel?

1) How often do they get sick each year?

2) How often do they have headaches?

3) Also asked if they often feel tired?

Impact of power lines. Power transmission line sanitary zone. The influence of electromagnetic fields on humans. The effect of power lines on the body

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