Punctuation marks between parts of a non-union sentence

Complex sentences in Russian are of two types: union and non-union. In allied complex sentences, parts are connected by intonation and conjunctions or union words. In non-union complex sentences, the parts are connected only by intonation.

Compare three examples:

and

The squirrel jumped from branch to branch, therefore snow fell on our heads;

A squirrel jumped from branch to branch - snow fell on our heads in flakes.

Let's try to determine the semantic relationship between the parts of the sentence in each example. In the first sentence, the two parts are connected, in addition to intonation, by a compositional union I, the main meaning of which is to indicate the sequence of events. In the second sentence, the two parts are connected, in addition to intonation, by an alliance (more precisely, a union analogue) THEREFORE, the main purpose of which is to indicate the consequence of those events that are described in the main part of a complex sentence. And in the third example there is no union, we cannot precisely determine the essence of the relationship between the parts of the sentence. We can say that there are both causal relationships and an indication of the sequence of events at the same time.

So, complex non-union sentences differ from complex union sentences in that the semantic relations between the parts are less clearly expressed in them. In order to make the semantic relationships between the parts of a complex non-union sentence more clear, different punctuation marks are used in writing: comma, semicolon, colon and dash.

The use of each punctuation mark is governed by a specific rule.

Let's start with those cases when a comma or semicolon.

1. Between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, a comma is put if it simply lists some facts. In this case, after the comma, you can easily insert the union AND.For example:

As soon as it was getting dark, I ordered the Cossack to heat the kettle in a field(According to Lermontov).

2. Between the parts of a non-union complex sentence in which some facts are listed, a semicolon can be put if the parts of the sentence are very common (contain homogeneous members, participial or adverbial expressions, clarifications, etc.). For example:
His head ached; he was about to get to his feet, turned in his closet and fell back on the sofa(Dostoevsky).

3. The semicolon can also be used in such a non-union sentence, where the parts are completely independent of each other. Such a complex sentence can be broken down into several simple ones without destroying the meaning. For example:

He was wearing a Life Campanian uniform; his head was heavily soiled with mud and beaten in several places(Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Now let's turn to the rules for staging colon and dash... The choice of these two punctuation marks depends on the meaning of the parts of the sentence.

There are three cases when between parts of a complex non-union sentence you need to put colon:

1) if the second part indicates the reason for what is described in the first part, for example: In developed countries, the middle class decides the outcome of elections: it makes up the majority of the population... In this sentence, you can insert the union BECAUSE;

2) if the first part is followed by an explanation of what the first part is about, for example: Write a work plan: what needs to be purchased and prepared, where to start, in what time frame is it possible to complete the project " or Like all Muscovites, your father is like this: he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks(Griboyedov). In these sentences between the parts, you can insert the union A EXACTLY;

3) if the second part has a complement meaning, and you can insert the union WHAT before it, for example: Yes, I wanted to report yesterday: the harrows need to be repaired(Tolstoy). In some cases, in addition to this conjunction, you can add the missing predicate AND SEE or AND HEARD to the sentence, for example: He looked into the room: a man was sitting at the table and was writing something quickly.

Dash between the parts of a complex non-union sentence is put under one of four conditions:

1) if a complex sentence has the meaning of opposition and the union A or HO can be inserted between the parts, for example: I looked around several times - there was no one(Tolstoy);

2) if the first sentence contains a time or condition value and you can insert the union WHEN or IF before it, for example: The bosses want - we must obey(Gogol);

3) if the second part of the sentence indicates a consequence of what is described in the first part and before it you can insert the union SO WHAT, for example: Gruzdev called himself get in the body(Proverb);

4) in rare cases, a dash is also used to denote a quick change of events, for example: The cheese fell out - there was a cheat with him(Krylov).

The exercise

I looked at my watch and realized_ the train had already left.

These things can be left_ they will not be useful to us.

Snow fell_ in the center of the city traffic jams began.

Ivlev looked around_ the weather got bored_ from all sides pulled streaking clouds (Bunin).

Chin followed him_ he suddenly left the service (Griboyedov).

The swallows have arrived_ the summer will be good.

Suddenly Ivan Ivanovich screamed and was stupefied_ he saw a dead man (According to Gogol).

Eyewitnesses give conflicting testimonies_ difficult to make the right decision.

I know_ you have both pride and direct honor in your heart (Pushkin).

The solutions were not easy to come up with, for a long time_ it was necessary to take into account the interests of all parties.

Thunder will not strike_ the man will not cross (Proverb).

And we are marching in this order_ in front is Nikolai with preparations or with atlases, I am behind him, and behind me, modestly drooping his head, walks a draft horse ... (Chekhov).

But let's leave these arguments_ they do not go here (Gogol).

But this is precisely the purpose of education_ to make pleasure out of everything (Tolstoy).

At the present time, the most useful is negation _ we deny (Turgenev).

We must introduce him _ he is timid, still a beginner ... (Goncharov).

Yes, let them swallow each other alive_ why should I? (Dostoevsky).

You are still in danger_ the wound may open (Pushkin).

From childhood he was distinguished by remarkable beauty; besides, he was self-confident, a little mocking and somehow funny, he could not help but like him (Turgenev).

A minute later, again screeching and laughing_ had to go under a huge overhanging stone (Chekhov).

Everything is quiet, calm, and only one mute statistic is protesting_ so many people have gone mad, so many buckets have been drunk, so many children have died from malnutrition ... (Chekhov).

"Nothing to do! Bazarov said at last. - Took up the tug - do not say that it is not hefty! We came to see the landowners_ let's watch them! " (Turgenev).

You take a look at this life_ the arrogance and idleness of the strong, the ignorance and animal likeness of the weak, impossibility all around, crampedness, degeneration, drunkenness, hypocrisy, lies ... (Chekhov).

We carry him to the emergency room, blood is pouring - a terrible thing, but he keeps asking to be found for his leg, and everything worries about twenty rubles in a boot on a severed leg, lest it disappear (Chekhov).

Going to court because of Laevsky, wasting time_ is not worth playing the candle (Chekhov).

The characteristic features of a draft horse, which distinguish him from talent, are as follows: his outlook is narrow and sharply limited by his specialty; outside of his specialty, he is as naive as a child (Chekhov).

He is also not alien to the questions of science_ he is terribly angry with himself for forgetting to take seeds from a tree from the Flying Island, with juice reminiscent of Russian vodka (Chekhov).

After all, there was a time when not a single man spoke to her like Kirilin, and she herself broke this time like a thread and ruined him irrevocably_ who is to blame for this? (Chekhov)

For a year now, we have been in a strained relationship with him_ he answers me disgustingly at the exams, and I give him 1 (Chekhov).

In my opinion, if the play is good, then in order for it to make the proper impression, there is no need to bother the actors_ you can limit yourself to reading alone (Chekhov).

Often I forget ordinary words, and I always have to spend a lot of energy in order to avoid unnecessary phrases and unnecessary introductory sentences in writing; both clearly indicate a decline in mental activity (Chekhov).

But, imagine, I glanced ahead_ in the first row, some general with a ribbon and a bishop (Chekhov) are sitting side by side.

It is not the wind that rages over the forest, the streams did not run from the mountains_ Frost-voivode patrols his possessions (Nekrasov).

All this news is similar to one another and comes down to this type_ one French made a discovery, another - a German - caught him, proving that this discovery was made back in 1870 by some American, and the third - also a German - outwitted both, proving to them that both of them went wild, mistaking the air balls for dark pigment under the microscope (Chekhov).

Do not approach, do not approach_ you from the cold! (Goncharov).

I open the window, and it seems to me that I see a dream_ under the window, leaning against the wall, there is a woman in a black dress, brightly lit by the moon, and looks at me with big eyes (Chekhov).

Beauty leaves_ to beauty you do not have time to explain how you love it, beauty cannot be kept, and this is the only sadness in the world (Nabokov).

L.A. AKSENOV,
with. Stupid
Chaplyginsky district,
Lipetsk region

Continuation. See No. 19/2004

Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence

Didactic material

10-11th grades

IV. Training Exercises (continued)

Task 16... Observe the intonation of the sentences of the 1st and 2nd groups. Determine the meanings of these non-union complex sentences, explain the use of commas and semicolons in them. What are the roles of the comma and semicolon in these sentences?

1st group

1. It was September, a riding wind was blowing, waves were jumping angrily along the gray river, the wind, furiously tearing off their crests, sprinkled the river with cold rain. (M. Gorky)

2. A gray autumn day is leaning towards evening, a spruce forest stands quietly on a hillock, the wind does not move, and the leaves of young mountain ash and birch trees spread along the slope of a compressed field can be seen far around ... (M. Nesterov)

2nd group

1. The sun was setting; its last rays scattered in wide crimson stripes; golden clouds spread across the sky smaller and smaller, like a washed, combed wave ... (I. Turgenev)

2. The night smelled hard and damp on my hot face; a thunderstorm seemed to be preparing; black clouds grew and crept across the sky, apparently changing their smoky outlines. (I. Turgenev)

Prepare an expressive reading of the sentences of the 1st and 2nd groups, watch the intonation: lower your voice at the end of each simple sentence and raise it at the beginning of the next; where there is a semicolon, pause long.

Choose from the proposals material for different types of analysis. Parse.

Which word in the second sentence of the 2nd group is not a member of the sentence? What is this word?

Describe today using non-union complex sentences, first with a comma, then with a semicolon. Read it. Will the intonation of these sentences be the same?

Exercise 17. Read the texts. What punctuation marks should be placed between the parts of non-union complex sentences in the first and second texts? Why?
Write down the texts, restoring the punctuation of the sentences.

1) On Shishkin's canvases, dark pine forests rustle with carved foliage, transparent oak trees, aspen trees ring thinly. In his drawings, elastic branches are intertwined, bristling with prickly needles, the leaf is growing. (V.Porudominskiy)

2) For two weeks as there was a drought, a thin fog poured milk into the air and covered the distant forests with a smell of burning. Many dark clouds with vaguely outlined edges were creeping across the pale blue sky, a rather strong wind rushing in a dry, continuous stream without dispelling the heat. (I. Turgenev)

(In the first text, a comma is placed between the parts of non-unionized complex sentences; in the second text, parts of complex non-unionized sentences are separated by a full stop.)

Prepare an expressive reading of the texts. Indicate the features of the intonation of the sentences of the first and second texts.

What do you think: why are complex non-union sentences with the meaning of simultaneity of actions (imperfective verbs) so often used in descriptions?

What do you know about the artist I.I. Shishkina? What paintings by this master of the brush do you know?

Consider a reproduction of a painting by I.I. Shishkin "Rye". Try to describe the picture using complex non-union sentences.

Task 18. Read the sentences with the correct intonation. Write down, restoring punctuation (commas and semicolons) between parts of complex non-union sentences; place other punctuation marks. Explain your choice.

1) Courage is a great property of the soul; people marked by it should be proud of themselves. (N. Karamzin) 2) Philistinism a great evil it, like a dam in a river, has always served only for stagnation. (A. Chekhov) 3) A person is caught on trifles in a large one, you can pretend a trifle always gives out the true "essence of the soul" her drawing her gravitation... (M. Gorky) 4) Philistinism a creeping plant, it is able to multiply endlessly and would like to strangle everything in its path with shoots. (M. Gorky) 5) It was a harsh January morning from the low cloudy sky, fine dry snow poured, driven by gusts of wind, he pricked his face like needles and ran away in waves along the frozen road. (D. Grigorovich) 6) This is a crystal transparent soul of such people; they are few; they are rare. pearls in crowd! His you can't bribe your heart with anything you can rely on it everywhere and everywhere. (I. Goncharov) 7) Only true scientists continue to learn, the rest choose to teach. (B. Shaw)

- Check your work, analyze the placement of punctuation marks:

1) Courage is a great property of the soul; the people marked by him should be proud of themselves. (N. Karamzin) 2) Philistinism is a great evil, it, like a dam in a river, has always served only
for stagnation. (A. Chekhov) 3) A person is caught in small things, in large things - you can pretend, a little thing always gives out the true "essence of the soul", its drawing, its gravitation ... ( M. Gorky) 4) The bourgeoisie is a creeping plant, it can multiply endlessly and would like to strangle everything in its path with shoots. (M. Gorky) 5) It was a harsh January morning; fine dry snow fell from the low, cloudy sky; driven by gusts of wind, he pricked his face like needles and in waves ran away along the frozen road. (D. Grigorovich) 6) It is a crystal, transparent soul; there are few such people; they are rare; these are pearls in the crowd! His heart cannot be bribed by anything; you can rely on it everywhere and everywhere. (I. Goncharov) 7) Only true scientists continue to learn; the rest prefer to teach. (B. Shaw)

Task 19. 1) What determines punctuation marks in non-union complex sentences?(The meaning of non-union complex sentences.)

2) Remember and list the main meanings of non-union complex sentences.(Values ​​of enumeration; values ​​of cause, explanation, addition; values ​​of opposition, time, condition, effect, conclusion.)

3) Consider the schemes and remember the conjunctions with which you can check the meanings of non-union complex sentences; write "test" unions at the top of each diagram.

Unionless compound sentence

Task 20. Write down the sentences, placing punctuation marks next to where possible, write the corresponding variant of the complex sentence.

1) Upbringing is a great thing, the fate of a person is decided by him. (V. Belinsky) 2) The eccentric had one feature, something constantly happened to him. (V. Shukshin) 3) The moon glows dimly in the gloom of fog, dear Svetlana is silent and sad. (V. Zhukovsky) 4) Art does the work of memory; it chooses from the flow of time the most vivid, exciting, significant and imprints it in the crystals of books. (L. Tolstoy) 5) Never let your imagination run wild, it will produce monsters. (Pythagoras) 6) A shot rang out the wolf continued to run.

Compare ununited complex sentences and synonymous complex sentences. Track how the intonation of sentences changes? Which sentences are more expressive: non-union complex or complex subordinate ones?

Write out sentence 6. Replace this non-union complex sentence with synonymous sentences so that you get: a) compound; b) a simple sentence. Add words as needed. For example:

l) September has come - the children have gone to school. 2) September came and the children went to school. 3) In September, the children went to school.

Make a conclusion about the expressive possibilities of complex non-union sentences.

Task 21. Non-union enhances the expressiveness of the phrase. Unionless complex sentences are characterized by emotional tension and dynamism; liveliness, lightness, simplicity, grace, expression. Often non-union complex sentences are found in proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, and aphorisms.
Read the sentences. What semantic relations are implied (outlined by intonation) in non-union complex structures? Write off with punctuation marks; emphasize the grammatical foundations of the sentences.

1) Do not chase happiness, it is always in you. (Pythagoras) 2) It is not a shame to learn and in adulthood it is better to learn late than never. (Aesop) 3) There is no smart neighbor with a book to talk. (Proverb) 4) The world is pitiful only for a pitiful person. The world is empty only for an empty person. (L. Feuerbach) 5) Be the master of yourself, reigning and managing yourself you will have excellent dominion and the most important position. (Pythagoras) 6) If you want to study yourself, look at people and their deeds. If you want to study people in your heart, look to yourself. (F. Schiller) 7) Do not be surprised at the surprise produced by the gods. (Pythagoras) 8) By listening and keeping silence you will become wise. The beginning of wisdom is silence. (Pythagoras) 9) The service of muses does not tolerate vanity; the beautiful must be majestic. (A. Pushkin) 10) First of all, learn to call every thing by its name, this is the very first and most important of all sciences. (Pythagoras) 11) Peaks are not achieved immediately. Mastery is acquired gradually. (Latin dictum) 12) Till your field with your own hands, do not leave it to cultivate your slaves; agriculture requires the hands of a free man. (Pythagoras) 13) You can't make fun of those who are ridiculed, you make enemies in them. (Cleobulus) 14) Life is like a theater in it, very bad people often occupy the best places. (Pythagoras) 15) Do not punish a drunken slave, show yourself drunk. (Cleobulus) 16) Refrain from drinking wine; it is milk that nourishes passion. (Pythagoras) 17) Do not proclaim the truth in the places of the general people; the people will use it for evil. (Pythagoras) 18) An educated person is modest. The deep river is calm. (Mongolian proverb)

Task 22. In one complex non-union sentence, different meanings can be combined. For example, in the sentence The crow croaked at all the crow's throat: the cheese fell out - with him there was a cheat like this three simple sentences, between the first two sentences in this non-union complex there is a causal relationship, between the second and the third - the effect.
Read complex non-union sentences, determine the meanings between their parts; write it down with punctuation, emphasizing grammar.

1) Someone said our heart is like an enchanted chest and evil and good lie there next. (G. Tsiferov) 2) Choose a friend for yourself, you cannot be happy. One happiness is a matter of two. (Pythagoras) 3) Talents are true for criticism, they are not angry to harm them, she cannot beauty, some fake rain flowers are afraid. (I. Krylov) 4) In the air above his head some wonderful triumphant sounds spread, he (Lavretsky) stopped, the sounds thundered with an even more magnificent melodious strong stream they streamed. (I. Turgenev) 5) Enough people were fed sweets, their stomachs got spoiled; they need bitter medicines, caustic truths. (M.Lermontov) 6) The weather was beautiful white round clouds high and quietly rushed over us, clearly reflected in the water, the reeds whispering around the pond in places like steel sparkling in the sun. (I. Turgenev) 7) Meanwhile, the eight-hour continuous work on the stage made itself felt in the artist's hands, his legs ached and his back ached from the long and uncomfortable seat. (A. Kuprin) 8) Towards evening, they (the clouds) began to disperse again, some turned pale and ran beyond the horizon, others above their heads turned into white transparent scales, only a large black cloud stopped in the east. (L. Tolstoy) 9) Having moved not far away, Anna Vasilievna looked back at the white-pink oak in the sunset rays for the last time and saw at its foot a dark figure Savushkin did not leave, he guarded his teacher from a distance. (Yu.Nagibin) 10) A forest is like a temple, it purifies the soul and brings thoughts to the high for a good coniferous forest, you can give your favorite book. (M.Osorgin)

- Check your work:

1) Someone said: our heart is like an enchanted chest - both evil and good lie there. (G. Tsiferov) 2) Choose your friend; you cannot be happy alone: ​​happiness is a matter of two. (Pythagoras) 3) Talents are true for criticism, they are not angry: beauty cannot harm them; some fake flowers are afraid of rain. (I. Krylov) 4) Some wonderful, triumphant sounds spilled in the air above his head; he (Lavretsky) stopped: the sounds thundered even more magnificently; they flowed in a melodious strong stream. (I. Turgenev) 5) Enough people were fed sweets; they have a bad stomach because of this: they need bitter medicines, caustic truths. (M.Lermontov) 6) The weather was fine: white round clouds high and quietly swept over us, clearly reflected in the water; the reeds whispered all around; the pond glittered in the sun in places like steel. (I. Turgenev) 7) Meanwhile, the eight-hour continuous work on the stage made itself felt: the artist's hands ached, his legs and back ached from the long and uncomfortable seat. (A. Kuprin) 8) Towards evening they (the clouds) began to disperse again: some turned pale, authentic and ran over the horizon; others, just above the head, turned into white transparent scales; only one large black cloud stopped in the east. (L. Tolstoy) 9) Moving not far away, Anna Vasilievna looked back at the oak, white-pink in the sunset rays for the last time, and saw at its foot a small dark figure: Savushkin did not leave, he was guarding his teacher from afar. (Yu.Nagibin) 10) The forest is like a temple, it purifies the soul and brings thoughts to high; for a good coniferous forest, you can give your favorite book. (M.Osorgin)

Draw a diagram of sentence 8, give its full punctuation description, disassemble by members.

Write out several pairs of antonyms from these sentences; identify their part of speech; sort these words by composition.

Write down one numeral, disassemble it as part of speech.

Write down a word with more sounds than letters.

Determine the meaning of the highlighted word.

Write out from these sentences five words with the spelling "Unpronounceable consonant at the root", explain their spelling.

Exercise 23. Read it. Observe the punctuation marks in the text; what is their syntactic and stylistic role? Describe the expressive and stylistic possibilities of complex non-union structures.

Everything physically 2 tends 1 downward: water flows into the valley, vegetation 2 thickens around 1 waters, people gather 2, 6 there - there is crowdedness at the bottom, loneliness at the top 4. Material worries pull us down, spiritual interests call upward 5, how a person is distributed 6: above the head, thought, spiritual aspirations, below the stomach, animal aspirations - so all nature is built 3 in accordance with this dual 2 division of the person living in it. (S. Volkonsky)

Formulate the main idea of ​​the text.

What other technique, besides expressive non-union, does the author use to indicate his thought more vividly? (Antonymic organization of the text.)

Write down the antonyms.

Give examples of forward and backward word order. What, in your opinion, is the reverse word order used in this text?

Explain the spelling of the adverbs in the text.

Perform the indicated types of parsing.

Match words of the same root to words loneliness living.

Task 24. Non-union is often used in poetic speech. Read it. Describe the expressive role of non-union. Draw out sentence diagrams. What semantic relations are implied in these non-union complex sentences (indicate this in the diagrams)?

1) I erected a monument not made by hands,
The folk path will not grow to it,
He ascended higher, the head of the rebellious
Of the Alexandrian pillar.

2) Russia cannot be understood with the mind,
A common yardstick cannot be measured:
She has a special become -
You can only believe in Russia.

3) Birds fly from afar again
To the ice-breaking shores
The warm sun walks high
And a fragrant lily of the valley is waiting.

4) I observe sacredly in a foreign land
Native custom of antiquity:
I release the bird into the wild
At the bright holiday of spring.

5) About Russia! In anguish, exhausted,
I compose hymns for you,
There is no sweeter edge in the world
Oh my Motherland!

6) The sun laughs less often,
There is no incense in flowers,
Autumn will wake up soon
And she will cry sleepily.

7) Silence descends on the yellow fields,
In the cooled air from the fading villages,
Trembling, ringing rushes ...

8) Sad time! enchantment of the eyes!
Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -
I love the lush wilting of nature,
Crimson and gold-clad forests.

(Reference: A. Fet; I. Bunin; A. Pushkin; K. Balmont; F. Tyutchev; F. Sologub; A.K. Tolstoy.)

Prepare an expressive reading of poetry passages.

Underline grammatical foundations in texts 5, 6; indicate how they are expressed.

Indicate the type of simple sentences in texts 2, 4 .

Write down sentences with calls, explain punctuation for them. What is the role of references in these texts?

What sentences include participle, adverb, and single adverb? Explain the placement of punctuation marks in them; underline separate members as members of the sentence, select the defined words in a box. In which sentence does the participle turnover not stand out? Why?

Indicate a non-union complex sentence in which different meanings are combined between parts.

Write out obsolete words and forms of words, write down the corresponding words of the modern Russian language next to them.

Task 25... Read the poem carefully, try to feel the mood that it conveys.

I'm waiting, embraced by anxiety,
I'm waiting here on the way:
This path through the garden
You promised to come.

Crying, the mosquito will sing
A leaf will fall down smoothly ...
Hearing, opening up, grows,
Like a midnight flower.

As if I broke a string
A beetle bumping into a spruce;
Hoarsely his girlfriend called
There is also a corncrake at his feet.

Quiet in the forest shade
Young bushes are sleeping ...
Oh, how it smelled of spring! ..
It's probably you!

Tell us about the mood, emotions, impressions that this poem evokes in you.

Name the expressive means used by the poet.

Look for repetitive percussive sounds in the text. What sound images do these repetitions create? (If you create a kind of short "sound card" of the poem, you can observe the following:

U O A U A AND E O A S A AND

A A O A A O U A O A O O

ABOUT A U E E And U A U O E

AND E O A S S A U O E E S.

As you can see, in the first stanza, the percussive sound [y] is repeated (and there are four (!) Sounds [y] in the first two lines), which, according to M. Lomonosov, is capable of depicting “strong things: anger, envy, illness and sadness ”; in this case, the repetition of the vowels [y], [o] intensifies the anxiety of the lyrical hero, mystery, enigma; and only the "gentle" sounds [e], [and] outlined here will often be repeated in the last two stanzas, encouraging the lyrical hero.

Sound [a], according to M. Lomonosov, contributes to "the image of the splendor of great space, depth and height, also sudden." The repetition of the percussive [a] in the first stanza and the abundance of this sound in the second stanza in the "neighborhood" with the repeating [o] enhances the expressiveness of the poem, emphasizes the wide outlook and soul of the lyrical hero, a kind of calmness and pacification, mystery.

This state is replaced by excitement, tension, anxiety and sadness in the third stanza with the help of repetition [y].

And in the last quatrain there is an abundance of different repetitive sounds - wide, mysterious, mysterious [a], [o]; "Strong", sad [s] and "gentle", joyful [e] - emphasizes the boundlessness, boundlessness, openness of the poet's soul, striving for peace, spring, love.)

• The repetition of what consonant sounds (especially in the second and fourth quatrains) enhances the expressiveness of the poem? What is this technique called? (Alliteration.) What is its role? What sound patterns do repetitive consonants create?

  Reread this poem again. What other techniques, means of expression that help the author to convey his feelings, emotions, mood, can you find at the moment?

  What gives the description a lively, dynamic character?

  How do non-union complex sentences enrich the expressiveness and content of the poem?

  Determine the meaning outlined by intonation in these non-union complex structures, the function of punctuation marks. What unions can check the meanings, the placement of punctuation marks between parts of non-union complex sentences?

  What is the emotional content of ellipses, exclamation marks and a combination of signs (penultimate sentence) in this poem?

  What maybe in the last sentence? What is the role of this word in the poem?

  Give examples of forward and backward word order. What, in your opinion, is the reverse word order used in the poem?

  Write this poem from memory. In non-union complex sentences, emphasize the grammatical foundations, indicate how they are expressed.

Task 26. Prepare for expressive reading. Pause. Indicate the words that you will underline when reading. In what places will you read with a decrease in intonation, and where - amplifying the sound of a word, sound, or phrase?

Think: what is Kondraty Ryleev's poem about and in what lines does his main idea lie?

What techniques, means of expression help the author to convey their emotions, feelings, mood more vividly, more fully?

What syntactic means of expressiveness of speech are used by the author?

How can you explain the abundance of non-union complex sentences in this poem? What does the author achieve by this choice? Describe the pictorial and expressive capabilities of complex non-union structures, their role in the poem.

What semantic relations are implied between the parts of non-union complex sentences in Ryleev's poem? Explain the function of each punctuation mark.

Write down a poem; in non-union complex sentences, emphasize the grammatical foundations, indicate how they are expressed; draw diagrams.

Parse the sentence of the third stanza.

List the parts of speech in the last sentence of the poem.

One of the features of the poem is the repetition of certain words. Find lines with duplicate words. Try to explain the role of this poetic artistic device in each case.

Write out the cases of inversion from the poem, indicate their grammatical form in brackets. For example: the waves are playing(predicate - subject). Think: what effect does a poet achieve by referring to an inversion in a poem?

Find in the poem a word whose pronunciation differs from the orthoepic norms of the modern Russian language. Explain why this is related.

Explain the meaning, stylistic affiliation of the following words: alien, vengeance, others, gratifying, does not come to mind, suffers, sim, thirsts. Are these words used in modern Russian? What are the names of word combinations like the one outlined here? What is the role of this vocabulary in K. Ryleev's poem?

Task 27. Prepare an expressive reading of the poem by Alexei Koltsov "Russian Song".

The poetics of Alexei Koltsov is close to folk song. Note what traditional methods for oral folk art in this poem testify to its closeness to the works of folklore. (In this poem by A. Koltsov, one can note such techniques characteristic of oral folk art as repetitions (particles not in the first two lines, the preposition under in the third stanza, words nights, blizzards, dreams), epithets (dreams magical, edge bewitched, nights stormy etc.), comparisons (nights ... went, like clouds), impersonation, parallelism, words with diminutive suffixes (clouds, sun), inversion (winter blizzards, dark nights), words with a final -sya (turned green, flaunted, admired); melodiousness.)

Analyze the punctuation of the poem. Explain the choice and use of each punctuation mark.

Find all non-union complex sentences, observe how they are built, what artistic techniques, means of expression can be noted in their composition; what punctuation marks separate their parts. Draw a conclusion about the role of complex non-union structures in this poem.

Write down Koltsov's poem in a notebook, in non-union complex sentences, emphasize the grammatical foundations, indicate how they are expressed. Draw diagrams of non-union complex sentences, determine the values ​​between their parts (in the diagrams, indicate the "test" conjunctions).

Write a small creative work "The Role of Non-Union Complex Sentences in Poetic Texts."

Task 28. Read expressively the poems of S. Nadson and I. Surikov.

Choose a poem that, in your opinion, most vividly illustrates the theme of "Unionless Complex Sentences." Prepare questions and tasks for the analysis of this poetic text.

To be continued

Complex sentences

Unionless complex sentences

Answer the questions:

1. What is a complex sentence? What signs are common to simple and complex sentences? What is the difference between simple and complex sentences?

2. What are the main and additional means of communication of predicative parts in a complex sentence?

3. What sentences are called complex and which are complex?

4. What types are complex sentences divided into? What are the linguistic means that, along with conjunctions, form various types of relations between the predicative parts of a compound sentence?

5. What are the criteria for the structural-semantic classification of complex sentences? What types of subordinate clauses are distinguished depending on the nature of the semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence, expressed by subordinate unions and union words? What are the main means of expressing relations between parts of a non-union complex sentence?

Exercises

Exercise 67. Write down first simple sentences, then complex ones. Establish boundaries between predicative units in complex sentences and indicate their number and structure.

1. The sun had just disappeared behind the horizon, and while its rays were still gilding the tops of the mountains, twilight shadows appeared in the valleys. (Ars.) 2. I was lying in the front end of the sleigh, on wheat straw, carefully wrapped up in a sheepskin coat for a long journey, and, struggling, I kept trying to get up and open my shaggy collar wider, which still kept the familiar warmth of the house. (Bub.) 3. Birds sang in the bushes, insects appeared in the air, and even the sound of water flowing down from the mountains became jubilant and cheerful. (Ars.) 4. They left at dawn, when the third roosters were already singing and dewy tin drops curled up in burdocks became visible. (Fad.) 5. Nip silk herbs, puffs of resinous pine. (EU) 6. Leaving the people and horses in place, I myself jumped upstairs to look around again. (Ars.) 7. The descent from the domed mountain was at first gentle, but then became extremely steep. (Ars.)

Exercise 68. Determine the semantic relations between the parts of complex sentences and the ways of expressing the syntactic connection (conjunctions, allied words, intonation, the ratio of the forms and tense of predicate verbs, the order of the parts and the possibility of their rearrangement, the incompleteness of one of the parts, the presence of special lexical means) ...

1. The blowing gusts of wind whistled up from the ground whole heaps of dried leaves; several large drops splashed in my face. (Hyde.) 2. Now we were happy, but were silent, because delight does not tolerate any exclamations and external expression. (Paust.) 3. The starlings hatched and flew away, and for a long time their place in the birdhouse was occupied by sparrows. (Prishv.) 4. We had hardly finished and he (Fedka) had folded his books and notebooks, intending to run home, when suddenly a pouring rain gushed out. (Hyde.) 5. It was about four o'clock in the afternoon, and it seemed as if it was already dusk. (Ars.) 6. The shelf, of course, had to be placed along the wall for the time being; it would be absurd to poke it across, although Kirill first tried on how it would come out when there were a lot of shelves. (Fed.) 7. The izzhelta-red sun was already low over the horizon, and it was imperative to hurry to find water as soon as possible, which both people and horses really needed. (Ars.)

Exercise 69. Distribute complex sentences into groups: 1) compound sentences; 2) complex sentences; 3) sentences of a transitional type between composition and submission. Indicate on what basis each proposal is assigned to a particular group.

I. 1. When a country orders to be a hero, anybody becomes a hero in our country. (OK). 2. The light of the lighthouse swept over the flowers, and they seemed absolutely fantastic in their color. (Paust.) 3. The Dnieper is wonderful in calm weather, when it freely and smoothly rushes through forests and mountains full of its waters. (G.) 4. All winter I went through these diaries, and meanwhile my life in the Arctic went its own way. (Kaz.) 5. The freshness of the early morning poured into the window, which remained open at night, from the garden. (Cor.) 6. It was easy to run aground or stumble upon driftwood, which posed a great danger to sailcloth boats. (Hoop.) 7. There is nothing in the world that could cover the Dnieper. (G.)

II. 1. Yes, but I am only unfair to my daughter in a negative way, while by your influence you inculcate the most positive evil. (M.-S.) 2. And where a dry fallen tree is washed by a thin stream on the way, a snowdrop is already swaying on a pale stem, under a ray. (Sofr.) 3. The snowy peaks of the high mountains were lit up with the golden-pink rays of the rising sun, and their foothills were still buried in purple and blue shadows. (Ars.) 4. If you love and believe, all roads are clear. (Island.) 5. Judging by the time, the baggage train should have overtaken us long ago, but meanwhile, from behind, in the taiga, nothing was heard. (Ars.) 6. A gray heavy cloud alone reminded of the passing night, but here and there it was cut through by thin, long strips of pure gold. (Kupr.)

Exercise 70. Determine the semantic relations between the parts of a compound sentence (connecting, adversary, separating, connecting, gradational), indicate the way they are expressed.

I. 1. All the baskets of the fishermen were already full of fish, and the flocks of mackerel were still racing under the water in streaming silver. (Paust.) 2. This would entail unpleasant consequences, and besides, it was a pity to upset mom and dad. (Cas.) 3. One tallow candle burns dimly in the room, and that was only allowed on winter and autumn evenings. (Hound.) 4. There is a lot of game here - geese, ducks, snipe and other things, and all this is not frightened, it allows a person to come close, almost very close. (Tuyere.) 5. Either he (the wind) gets dusty on the road of Vespers, then he rushes off completely without roads, then he drives the stream downstream, then his water ripples across. (Senior) 6. The language must be not only understandable or common, but the language must be good. (L. T.) 7. I really would not like to let you, as an experienced battalion, go from my ship, but I can’t do anything. (N.-Pr.) 8. Bright sun rays were reflected from the snow, and from this the day seemed even brighter. (Ars.)

II. 1. Karadag was severe and dark, and the sea at his feet lay silent and white from the cloudy sky. (Paust.) 2. Only a pale-purple strip remained, and it began to twitch in small clouds, like coal ash. (Ch.) 3. Again silence took possession of the observatory, and, as always, the starry sky sparkled over it at night and until dawn listened to the quiet voices of astronomers, the slow pace of the gardener and the lapping of the old stream at the bottom of the gorge. (Paust.) 4. A hated and cute someone's voice was floating: either darkness cooed with spring lips, or a snowy blizzard was pouring spinning. (Bump.) 5. The reflections of the evening dawn played in the clouds for some time, but they soon began to be covered by the haze of the evening fog. (Ars.) 6. Then a storm comes, and it (the sea) is menacingly transformed. (Ast.) 7. Judging by the time, the pack train should have overtaken us long ago, but meanwhile, from behind, in the taiga, nothing was heard. (Ars.)

Exercise 71. Determine the meaning of compound sentences with connecting conjunctions (simultaneity, sequence, result of action, identification, distribution). Indicate the means of expressing the meaning of a compound sentence (union, order of parts, the presence of a common secondary member of the sentence, lexical elements in one of the parts, the ratio of the forms and tense of predicate verbs, intonation, uniformity and diversity of the structure of parts).

I. 1. All this time telephones were incessantly working in the office and Ivan Fyodorovich's assistant alternately grabbed one or the other receiver and asked to call in a few minutes. (Fad.) 2. Open the door and here it is, the railway! (March.) 3. The sun was dimly shining through the clouds in the sky, and it seemed to me a good omen. (Ars.) 4. This veil, streaming, bright and deceiving, sometimes flowed from a distance almost to the very bank of the river, and then she herself was like a river that suddenly poured out from the sky, as pure and calm as it is. (MG) 5. Instead of a word, another sigh was heard, and after that the even snoring of a serenely sleeping man began to be heard. (Hound.) 6. Under their feet the earth crumbled and at times a piece of tin or glass rang. (Pisces.) 7. Growing and raising children is a big, serious and terribly responsible business, and this business, of course, is difficult. (Poppy.)

II. 1. This river flows at a great distance from human habitation, in the depths of the forest, and it is so easy to get on it. (Paust.) 2. It was pouring rain - and the river sparkles asphalt, wide, deep. (Pinch.) 3. Meanwhile, it was already quite light, and it was necessary to go out to sea again (Cat.) 4. The waters of the Atlantic Ocean thickened blue, and waves rolled along them after the squadron, crowned with white, like bird cherry blossoms, crests. (N.-Pr.) 5. And the mosquito is angry, angry - and the mosquito stuck right into the aunt's right eye. (P.) 6. Polynya reached the size of a small lake, and, as if on command, the swans finished their work and began to swim between the pieces of broken ice. (Aram.) 7. Several minutes pass, and you forget that somewhere behind the walls of the hall a brightly shining sun is shining. (Any)

Exercise 72. Determine the meaning of compound sentences with adversary conjunctions (comparative, opposing-restrictive, opposing-concessive, opposing-compensatory, inconsistencies). Indicate the way of expressing this meaning and the stylistic shades introduced by the unions.

I. 1. Oleg chuckled - but his brow and eyes were clouded by a thought. (P.) 2. Olent'ev was about to climb over the dead wood, but the wounded animal warned him and rushed swiftly towards him. (Ars.) 3. The swan-bird flew away, and the prince and the queen, having spent the whole day like this, decided to lie down on an empty stomach. (P.) 4. The root of learning is bitter, but its fruit is sweet. (Last) 5. Previously, lightning was only terrible, with the same thunder they seemed ominous. (Ch.) 6. By noon the wind died down, but the sun began to drive away the snow with might and main. (Boon.) 7. Tall red clover mingled with mouse peas and bedstraws, and a gigantic thistle rose above this crowded community of flowers. (Paust.) 8. Occasionally a smoldering log flares up in the dying fireplace and for a moment fills their faces with the color of a fire-glow; but this does not spoil the overall harmony of light. (Ch.)

II. 1. Without taking my eyes off the beast, I reached for the gun, but, as a sin, it did not fall under my arm. (Ars.) 2. Privalov's house, of course, is his own, but there are tenants in it. (M.-S.) 3. Part of the territory settled and overgrown with forest, while the other, on the contrary, rose high together with the walls of the structures begun, the ruins of towers, deep recesses, heaped up with debris. (Fed.) 4. It's May, but the snow in the backyard hasn't melted yet. (Fisherman.) 5. The guests sat in a tight circle at the table, and Natasha, with a book in her hands, sat in the corner under the lamp. (MG) 6. Prince Andrey wanted to leave at once, but Princess Marya begged him to stay another day. (L. T.)

Exercise 73. Determine the meaning of compound sentences with separative unions (alternation or mutual exclusion), indicate which unions this value is expressed.

I. 1. Either the lighting was different, or the immediacy of perception was lost, or the weather simply changed, but we literally did not recognize the familiar text. (Sol.) 2. Either the sharp stem cuts the unsteady water, or the water rushes towards the ship, splitting against the steel ridge, boiling and swirling. (Sol.) 3. Either take her to the city, or stay in the taiga for me ... (Ol.)

II. 1. Either the falcon's wings are tied, or all paths have been ordered for him. (Rings.) 2. Now our hearth burns with a star, then the steppe's porridge will sing half the song of the Chumak! (Rings.) 3. Either the joyful excitement of adults was transmitted to us (after all, the first fresh straw means the first threshed sheaf, the first bread of the new harvest), or in itself it was interesting for us, but the feeling is still preserved in the soul holiday ... (Sol.) 4. Is it a sultry noon, whether the night is damp ... (Groundhog.) 5. Either he hates himself, then he values ​​himself ... (Kolts.)

Exercise 74. Write down sentences using punctuation marks. Indicate the number of predicative parts and determine in which cases the sentence is simple, complicated by homogeneous terms, in which it is complex. Motivate your answer. Note whether the structure of compound sentences is closed or open (open / closed).

I. 1. The sun was rising from the sea, but the high coast still obscured it (Cat.) 2. The place was deaf and there was no habitation around. (M.-S.) 3. The river seemed to fall asleep and the cold tried to freeze her sleepy one with ice. (M.-S.) 4. Now we were walking along the map, but nevertheless we got lost in dry swamps overgrown with small forest (Paust.) trees and went out to the river (Lid.) 6. Others (birds) chose this place for nesting and all this excited tribe rustled and whistled and quacked (Aram.)

II. 1.Vibrating sounds of motors then merged into one overhanging threatening buzz then disintegrated into separate shrill or low rumbling sounds (Fad.) 2. Meanwhile, water sparkled through the trees ahead and soon the path led to a large lake (Sol.) 3. It seemed that strength was -that they will leave the black one and he, together with the rider and the explosive rubble, will fall into the Kuban (Dang.) 4. The tangled grass in the garden died and everything was blooming and could not bloom and crumble only a small sunflower near the fence (Paust.) 5. Smoothly swaying like living mists and dissecting the air with their thick beaks, they (paper doves) glide over an empty square and finally, having lost their strength, they descend to the ground ... (Bel.) 6. The ice caved in but held out (Aram.)

Exercise 75. Continue the sentences, forming: a) a simple sentence, complicated by homogeneous terms; b) compound sentence. To connect homogeneous members and parts of a compound sentence, use the same conjunctions.

Sample: The wind died down ... The wind died down and changed. The wind died down and it became warm.

1. The sun was reflected ... 2. It was quiet in the garden ... 3. The flame was burning ... 4. The plane landed ... 5. He looked back ...

Exercise 76. Copy using punctuation marks. Describe complex sentences by the number of predicative parts (minimal, polynomial structure), by potential composition (closed, non-closed structure), by the structure of each part (the same type, different types). Define the relationship between the parts and indicate the main and additional means of expressing them.

I.1. A day full of events and impressions flies by quickly, but behind the stomp in memories it seems huge (Sol.) 2. The night was warm, but by the morning it became fresh (Cat) 3. He was able to discover the features of the extraordinary in the most everyday his true artist (Paust.) 4. My grandfather liked to drink tea with a towel, that is, he hung a towel around his neck and drank, wiping off the copious sweat of fifteen glasses (Sol.) 5. I was once a company leader, and now I occasionally sing (Senior) 6. Soon the first snow fell and the river still did not succumb to the cold (M.-S.) 7. The day before it was warm, warm and at night frost was enough and the lake was covered with blue ice (Aram.)

II. 1. One of the April nights, the grandfather sighed on the river, and in the morning a fast ice drift began, as always, and the river overflowed for seven kilometers (Paust.) 2. She barely stepped over from fatigue and this fatigue was pleasant to her, and everything was pleasant to her (T. ) 3.At ten o'clock, we rounded the island and a magnificent bay opened up in front of us, which deeply invaded the land (N.-Pr.) then the cornflower-blue dress of the girl envied along the path in the rye, then the sun will throw bright spots on the juicy grass, filtering through the trembling foliage of young birches (Sol.) 5. He began to read the papers, and in the meantime I was looking at my new boss (N.-Pr.) 6. Let it not be soon before the halt, but it is easier for us to walk in the ranks ... (Senior)

Exercise 77. Divide the given complex sentences into two groups: a) undivided, b) dissected. Indicate, with the help of a union or a union word, subordinate clauses are attached to the main; in the main part, highlight the index word. Determine the meaning of the clause.

I. 1. He spoke about everything in his own way and in such a way that it was remembered for a lifetime. (Paust.) 2. No matter how strong Chichikov was in spirit, he lost weight and even turned green during such adversity. (G.) 3. The air moved over the field, as if a huge gate was being opened and closed all the time. (Cat) 4. Any work is also a game, if you love work. (MG) 5. Whoever lied yesterday will not be believed tomorrow. (Last) 6. I was going to fish under the ice when the swan "klu-kli-kli" sounded from the side. (Aram.)

II. 1. And our people are not what they used to be! (Mikhalk.) 2. Especially a lot of this leafy noisy gold accumulated in the ravines, where the wind did not penetrate. (Paust.) 3. Where labor is free, it must be honest and turn into art. (M. Talov) 4. We waited while the ferry unloaded our cars and drove on. (Sim.) 5. I think that I will not be mistaken if I say that, probably, many felt this way ... (M. G.) 6. Other birds stood and watched the leader crush the ice armor (Aram. )

Exercise 78. Analyze the given complex sentences with subjective-attributive clauses. Select two groups of sentences: 1) with subordinate clauses, expressing attributive-excretory relations, and 2) with subordinate clauses, expressing attributive-excretory relations.

I.1. The ice on the river, on which the fox was then walking, began to seem like a narrow strip on a wide free blue river. (Prishv.) 2. Sometimes I would sit down on one of the green benches that stood along the sidewalk of the main street, between the tall pyramidal poplars. (Cupr.) 3. This is that vigilance that in every little thing reveals something interesting, that under the bored cover of surrounding phenomena he sees a deep content. (Paust.) 4. I am not yet tired of wondering at the miracles that exist on earth. (Gas.) 5. Ergushov looked in the direction Luka was pointing. (L. T.)

II. 1. The house in which Mikhailov settled stood on a steep bank. (Kalin.) 2. Suddenly, in the direction where we had previously outlined an interesting tree, we heard the sound of a saw. (Prishv.) 3. On the ground were cigarette boxes, canned food cans, a newspaper and a crust of the kind of bread sold in the city. (Ars.) 4. Travel would lose half of its meaning if it was not possible to talk about them; It is a great pleasure to look at the surprised faces of the listeners that they believe and do not believe your every word. (Sol.) 5. He fell in love with cars from those early days, when he first saw a tractor. (Gas.) 6. I no longer remember all the fables that were told about the old man for three decades. (Cr.) 7. But this kid was so funny and good-natured that she had to take him by the hand and lead him through the grove. (Hyde.)

Exercise 79. Analyze the explanatory-object sentences. Find out in which case the subordinate part denotes a real object, in which it is unreal. Determine the means of communication of the subordinate part with the main one. In what cases is an index word in the main part necessary and in what cases optional?

1. Fearing that he would offend Sophia, mother hastily and sternly spoke. (MG) 2. So no one found out why the crowd had gathered. (Ch.) 3. He did not ask her where she was, he was waiting for what she would say herself, and only looked at the wall clock: there was only an hour left before leaving the house. (Sim.) 4. Have you often seen me crying? (Fad.) 5. Once again I was convinced that the sea touches various areas of life and gives a lot of unexpected knowledge for everyone who can hear and understand. (Paust.) 6. We want everyone to be free. (A. N. T.) 7. He told me what a good man Nikolai was. (Sim.) 8. We ask only to say that you know where the package should be placed. (Fed.) 9. And Dasha did not see what her sister's face was, what was happening to her. (A.N.T.)

Exercise 80. Analyze the pronominal-correlative complex sentences. Determine what the subordinate clause refers to, how it joins the main clause. Establish whether it is possible to do without an index word in the main part.

I.1. Only the one who burns himself ignites. (Paul.) 2. What went down as an explanation alone on the threshold of the institute looked like the most callous egoism. (Cr.) 3. It was lit exactly as long as it takes to slip into the hall and stand behind the column, but I managed to recognize Olga. (Cr.) 4. Vorontsov climbed over the parapet as he did it an uncountable number of times, and crawled on the cold ground covered with loose snow. (Cor.) 5. Mikhailov has already phoned everyone who could be called in the area ... (Kalin.) 6. I found Asya exactly the same as I left her. (T.)

II. 1. To a certain extent, I owe this to the regime that has developed over the years, I do not make a secret of it and usually disappoint those who are eager to master the secret of youth. (Cr.) 2. I spare myself only as much as it is necessary to restore energy costs. (Cr.) 3. You can only remember that which lends itself to logical recovery. (Cr.) 4. I sometimes tortured you, but still I am not what you imagine me to be. (T.) 5. He wanted to rush to Bidenko, hug him the way he hugged him then, at the broken gun in the area of ​​target number eight, press his face against his burnt overcoat, cry. (Cat.)

Exercise 81. In the sentences below, find out which subordinate clauses are joined with the union what, and which - with the union word what. Determine the meaning of the subordinate part, to which word of the main part the subordinate part belongs, which member of the sentence is the union word.

I.1. It has never happened to me to see the friendship of that saint and purer that happens in war. (Tv.) 2. Talent is the ability to personally express the very thing that many fought for unconsciously. (Prishv.) 3. Even without looking out the window, he knew that there were dewy shadows in the forest. (Paust.). 4. Alexei was looking at the old man so enthusiastically that he did not notice Lysitsin. (Mark.) 5. The forest was heated from the intense heat, which created the danger of fire. (Gas.) 6. In the margins of my lecture, I wrote down everything that I saw I learned at the Black Sea. (Paust.) II. 1. For everything that exists in nature, in the Russian language there are many good words and names. (Paust.) 2. There are no miracles on earth, except those that are created by the mind and will of man. (Leon.) 3. I fell in love with this small suburban street and was sure that it was the most picturesque in the world. (Paust.) 4. Pierre spoke French so well that it was very surprising for the French. (L. T.) 5. The disease has taken a rapid course, which usually happens with surgical poison. (T.) 6. In addition, he has a ridiculous memory that what this kind and sweet old man said was not at all stupid, as it seemed to him at first, and that there is something here that needs to be understood ... (L.T.)

Exercise 82. Indicate how the actions of the main and subordinate parts in the following complex sentences with the subordinate temporal part correlate in time (they are simultaneous, multi-temporal, express comparative relations); with the help of which alliances these relations are expressed and how the alliances are stylistically differentiated.

I.1. Work as long as your hands serve. (Last) 2. This feeling intensified even more when he saw the Minister of War sitting over a large table and for the first two minutes did not pay attention to the newcomer. (L. T.) 3. Before the blue express reached Maloroyaroslavets, we had already had a big fight. (Cr.) 4. Soon after Marya Ivanovna was taken into possession of the wastelands, she herself came to her new lands. (M.-P.) 5. Paige entered the general, but as soon as they began a conversation, as the furious roar of engines fell on the roof of the house. (Cor.) 6. But as soon as we appeared, curiosity was revealed instantly. (Gr.) 7. Less than ten minutes later, all the motorcyclists got back into their cars and rushed to the city. (Fad.) 8. When a strong wind howls on the stage, when a blizzard tears the roofs off houses with a furious force, you involuntarily shrink and crawl deeper into the chair, as if you want to hide from this bad weather. (Any.)

II. 1. When the rocket caught fire and a blinding, poisonous-pale light illuminated everything around, Andrei, as agreed, rose to his full height and rushed forward to the German tanks. (Cor.) 2. Pryanishnikov led him into the dugout and before he started to tell, forced to sit down. (Sim.) 3. Before I had time to take a place, a wave rushed in front and threw me back. (Ch.) 4. While she was leaving the living room, a bell rang in the hall (L. T.) 5. After warming up by the fire, Nikolai worked with everyone until the water was returned to its original channel. (Sand.) 6. Sometimes I found him at such moments when he did not read ... (L.T.) 7. We did not have time to make two hundred steps along it (the path), when the flooded angry yapping of an overly small dog stopped us. (Sol.)

Exercise 83. Determine the structural-semantic type of sentences, the subordinate part of which is connected to the main union words where, where, from where. Underline the direction words in the main section.

1. Do you see that bridge across the river where our path lies? (Cr.) 2. Several times he looked back at the windows of a boring house, where the wind did not even move the curtains. (Paust.) 3. Where the hedgehog has appeared, the snake will not be there. (Cr.) 4. Snowflakes are quietly flying. It's good to follow each one where she sits. (Prishv.) 5. He wrote wherever he was driven by his passion to write. (Paust.) 6. I had to climb a small cliff, from where meadows began with here and there mowed grass withering in rows. (A. N. T.) 7. Everyone peered intently at where Khoroshev turned his machine gun with his trunk. (Sim.) 8. I myself wonder where I got such an ability to work. (Paul.)

Exercise 84. Analyze clauses with conditional clauses. Mark sentences with a purely conditional meaning (realistically feasible condition or unreal: real and unreal conditions) and sentences in which the conditional meaning is complicated by another (temporary, concessional, causal). Find nonfree constructs.

1. It would be a hundred times easier for him if he walked on his own. (Sim.) 2. If he is really a good shepherd, he will not keep bad dogs. (Cr.) 3. The old man is not tall, but marvelously strong, his hands are iron, when you need to unscrew a tight heating tap or expose a swollen frame, they call old Antonovich. (Cr.) 4. Once you have sown millet, don't wait for beans. (Last) 5. If there were weapons, the headquarters could put several thousand more soldiers under arms. (Fad.) 6. And if these people blurted out something bad, then why should they be taken to the top of the head for this? (Shol.)

Exercises 85. Analyze sentences with a comparative clause and indicate the shades of meaning (comparison, assimilation, correspondence). Establish when relative clauses express real and conjectural comparisons. Find non-free constructs among the proposals.

1. Marina was still sitting calmly, and the fingers of her hand did not feel his warmth, as if they were lying on an inanimate object. (Mark.) 2. The room became light, as if cold air had come in from somewhere. (Leon.) 3. Lazy thunder stretched over the horizon, as a sleepy strongman straightened his shoulders, and reluctantly shook the ground. (Paust.) 4. The sooner the appointed day approached, the more confident and calm she felt. (M.-P.) 5. It became gloomy, as if a dark shroud had fallen down to the ground. (Ars.)

Exercise 86. Determine the sentences with the clause of the goal. Determine the shape of the predicate clause. Note the cases of the dismemberment of the compound union. Highlight sentences with archaic conjunctions.

1. And Olenin, in order to please Lukashka, asked the police officer to let Lukashka go. (L. T.) 2. Nikolai usually comes to me on holidays, as if for business, but more so to see. (Ch.) 3. He asked this question just to ask something. (Paust.) 4. I tried to seem cheerful and indifferent, so as not to give any suspicion and avoid boring questions. (P.) 5. So that there is no war in the world, we must fight for peace. (Last) 6. The driver, just in order for people to subside, stopped the car in front of the gate. (Fad.)

Exercise 87. Distribute sentences with a causal clause into groups: 1) with a proper-causal meaning (with a postpositive clause; 2) with a causal meaning (with a prepositive clause). Indicate which conjunctions are used in those and other sentences. Highlight sentences with conjunctions typical of book and colloquial speech.

1. At this time Akhunbaev was ready to grit his teeth with impatience and did not grind just because he knew his friend too well. (Cat.) 2. Only conditional minimal silence was required, for Ivantsov-Platonov was preparing for the next lecture in a more serious place. (Kupr.) 3. In fact, no key is needed, since the desk is always open. (Ch.) 4. Due to the fact that we got up early, we set out early from the bivouac. (Ars.) 5. Levinson almost lost contact with other units because he climbed into a remote place. (Fad.) 6. Since the light penetrated into the arena only through a glass window covered with snow in the dome. In the twilight, the circus seemed like a huge, empty and cold barn. (Kupr.) 7. You feel a little sad because everything is over and you have to go home. (Any.)

Exercise 88. Analyze sentences with a declarative clause and note the modal shades of predicate verbs (real-concessive and presumptive-concessive). Determine the semantic role of the order of the parts of the sentence.

1. They helped me with bread, clothes, and rifle supplies, although they themselves were not a lot. (Mark.) 2. Pass Volodya, despite the fact that I wanted to come up and make peace with him, I pouted and tried to make an angry face. (L. T.) 3. Wherever the Fatherland sends us, we do our job with honor. (Isak.) 4. For nothing, that the guy is nineteen years old, and in the work of any Cossack he will shut his belt. (Shoal.) 5. No matter how hard I tried to focus my attention on a series of experiments carried out in our laboratory, I thought about something else. About Beta. (Cr.) 6. Even if he was wrong in his calculations, his idea opened the way to the space age. (Gas.) 7. Dmitry Stepanovich's voice sounded so strange that Telegin, in spite of his terribly excitement, shuddered and became wary. (A. N. T.) 8. No matter how hurried Polya, the conversation dragged on. (Leon.)

Exercise 89. Analyze clauses with clauses and subordinate-attachments. Indicate the means of communication between the parts of a complex sentence and the order of their arrangement

1. Some peasants amazed him with their surnames and even more nicknames, so that whenever he heard them he stopped before ... (G.) 2. He bowed politely to Chichikov, to which the latter replied in kind. (G.) 3. She breathed with virgin strength and health, which was especially pleasing and seductive. (L. T.) 4. We drove the whole house for strawberries, so only the chef Micah remained in his kitchen. (Ax.) 5. Having destroyed the fish in some water area, the otter moves up or down the river, for which it goes along the river, for which it walks along the bank. (Ars.)

Exercise 90. Compose complex sentences corresponding to these schemes and give a structural and semantic description of these sentences.

I. 1. [noun], (what) 2. [indicate. word + noun], (what). 3. [vb.], (What).

II. 1. [vb.], (To) .2. [vb. + indicate. word], (to) .3. [indicate. word + adverb.], (to) .4. [....], (to).

III. 1. [noun], (where) .2. [indicate. word + noun], (where) .3. [vb.], (where) .4. [vb. + indicate. word], (where) .5. [adv.], (where).

IV. 1. [vb.], (When). 2. [Ref. word], (when).

3. [Ref. word + noun], (when). 4. [predicative adj.], (When). 5. [adv.], (When).

Exercise 91. Copy by placing the missing punctuation marks. Parse complex sentences, indicating: 1) type in relation to the main part - undivided or dissected; 2) means of communication between parts of a sentence, what are the relative (union) words in the subordinate parts of complex sentences - subject, predicate, addition, definition, circumstance; 3) the meaning of the subordinate clause; 4) the order of arrangement of the main and subordinate parts - free or fixed.

1. The hot air was still and dry, despite the fact that my road lay along the shores of a huge lake. (Ch.) 2. By what questions the student asks, it is much easier to judge his knowledge and abilities than by the answers on exams. (A. Cr.) 3. Since you feel your truth, you must stand and fight for it. (Prishv.) 5. An icy chill ran over the dry skin buzzing in my ears as if the fur wheels were buzzing. (A. N. T.) 6. All this was done as if Ekaterina Dmitrievna was not in the room. (A. N. T.) 7. If I want to shoot a wolf in the forest and must know all his manes. (T.) 8. Scolding Scolding has the right only to those who love. (T.) 9. There is such a belief that this flower brings happy love to girls and calm old age to elderly people. (Paust)

Exercise 92. Indicate in the polynomial complex sentences the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses and the homogeneous and inhomogeneous subordination. Draw up sentence diagrams.

1. I realized that a pilot must know the properties of air, all his inclinations and whims, just as a good sailor knows the properties of water. (Kav.) 2. That he was sick, Alexei often and almost always spoke with pride, as if the disease was a dignity that distinguished him from people. (MG) 3. I thought that Konovalov had changed from a wandering life, that the growths of melancholy flew off him like a husk from the free air that he breathed during these years. (M. G.) 4. If she had not hoped that even now, for the first time in her life, he would be able to understand her, she would never have entrusted him with what was the greatest secret of her heart. (Cal.) 5. Because he was not tucked up, not combed and his whole appearance did not express the usual self-confidence, sympathy for him stirred in her. (Mark.)

Exercise 93. Write down sentences using punctuation marks. Explain the presence or absence of a comma between the highlighted unions.

1. Ippolit Sergeevich thought what when he will look her in the face, then he will see frank and rude coquetry. (M.G.) 2. And now, unfastening a grenade from his belt, he decided what if the tank will go in his direction, he will throw a grenade only when the tank is very close. (Sim.) 3. Markushev knew from experience what if the colonel was silent, then it was useless to try to continue the conversation with him. (Sim.) 4.. My companions knew what if no heavy rain then scheduled performance is usually not canceled. (Ars.) 5. To the questions asked, he explained what if in calm weather, the fog rises upward and if there is a strong echo, it is imperative to wait for a prolonged rain. (Ars.) 6. There are deaf and secluded places on our river what when you will make your way through the tangled forest thickets and sit down near the water itself you will feel yourself in a world isolated from the rest of the earthly space. (Sol.) 7. His (the puppy's) ears have grown so long what when look down so eyes close. (Sew.)

Exercise 94. Write down sentences using punctuation marks. Describe each sentence, indicating the main and subordinate parts, types of subordinate parts, ways of expressing the syntactic connection between parts of the sentence. Draw up sentence diagrams. Analyze multi-term complex sentences. Indicate the complications of the main and subordinate parts.

I. 1. Remembering this now, she always came to the conclusion that not the next years when she and Nikitin had already become husband and wife, but these were the happiest in her life when she had already opened up to herself in everything she admitted to herself that she loved him and looked forward to always expected the hour when she would again sneak into the weeds under the yar. 2. On the farm it has long been noticed that if you talk to Budulai softer and more cordially, he will do anything for a person, regardless of time or fatigue, and will render him any service. 3. And with such wary, naive attention, narrowing his eyes, he looked at Tarasov while he read so completely childishly broke a wheat eyebrow over his cheek with a scar that Elena Vladimirovna glancing at him immediately and concluded that he was a good person and that he must definitely love children. 4. There are people who are all the more willing to assimilate the external traits and manners of higher authorities that they sincerely think that these are the main traits of their character that make them authoritative in the eyes of others. 5. People are ready to forgive the most serious mistake to a courageous truthful person if they see that he looked directly into her face and is waiting for the collective's due retribution. (Cal.)

II. 1. Probably Pasha understood no worse than I did that if such a decision was made, it would be late and dismissed it only because he knew for sure that they would not decide without him and it would not be difficult for him to prove the absurdity of the move, equally useless for us and for the reserve. (Cr.) 3. No matter how cheerful the engineer is and no matter how much he likes his work, he will not miss the opportunity to portray himself as a martyr suffering from the lack of new books because newspapers from Moscow have been running for two weeks and the cooperative does not have borjomi and razor blades. (Paust.) 4. Princess Marya got up from the sofa on which she was lying and through the closed door said that she would never go anywhere and asked to be left alone. (L. T.) 5. During children's tea, the big ones sat on the balcony and talked as if nothing had happened, although everyone, and especially Sergei Ivanovich and Varenka, knew very well what had happened, albeit a negative but very important circumstance (L. T. )

Exercise 95. Write down non-union complex sentences. Analyze them, highlighting sentences: a) with structurally determined parts; b) with structurally unconditioned parts.

1. I turned to laugh: a tired soldier, covered with frost on the steaming steam, stood on the doorstep. (Kav.) 2. And then the slaves rebelled, they repaid the pharaohs for everything, they were thrown at the feet of the crowd ... (Eut.) 3. It was spring, the time of birds' flights. In the bushes on the boulevard and in the trees in the garden, perky squeaky birds appeared, whose name Vasily Lvovich did not know as a city dweller. (Tyn.) 4. His bandaged back was not covered with a gray blanket: the weight of the blanket caused Tikhonov severe pain. (Paust.) 5. One is born an old man, in the other one can feel subtle signs of childhood until old age. (Kav.) 6. Then he again kissed his wife's hand, nodded briefly to everyone else and was the first to leave the living room. (Ok.) 7. She rushed in pursuit. She ran to the corner - there the desertedness of the lane ended there; she did not find him. (Ol.) In place of the bright fire lay an ash-gray heap of ash; there was almost no fire to be seen; empty cans of canned food were lying on the ground: stewed meat and condensed milk; where the tent stood, only perches stuck out and the crushed grass lay. (Ars.)

Exercise 96. Rewrite the sentences, placing the missing punctuation marks. Describe the relationship between parts of non-union sentences. Indicate by what means (intonation, lexical, grammatical) they are expressed. Explain punctuation.

1. His profession was a noble one, he treated people. (Ch.) 2. But the breadth of these songs becomes cramped heart yearns for the breadth of the unknown, we again wandered high with the word about the ancient land and the new tribe. (Nar.) 3. Fanfare is shouting in the city. (Drun.) 4. On a neighboring island, they entered a house that seemed to Bestuzhev to be built of old amber, so its log walls were yellow. (Paust.) 5. I hear the primeval forest called taiga rustling. (Eut.) 6. Soon our bivouac came to life, people began to speak at first in an undertone, and then they woke up louder and louder from their numbness, the horse squealed in the direction of a pika bird below along the ravine another began to echo (Ars.)

Exercise 97. Determine if there is a possibility of synonymously replacing a non-union connection with a compositional or subordinate one. Transform offers whenever possible

1. Thunderclaps in the gray heights do not drown out the voices of the ether: the call for war sounds more and more furiously, and the world slogan of peace is all the more violent. (Nar.) 2. Shrapnel whistling thinly, thinly, hitting a six-barreled mortar, she, the window sister, crawls to the command post with bandages. (Drun.) 3. And you know, builders, - I was leading a difficult construction project, and on a sunny day of my life I put this awkward first line of this complex poem into the shadow of my beloved, as if to bring it down into my shadow. (Eut.) 4. So, I will see something else: a room somewhere will be brightly lit by the sun, there will be a blue basin by the window, a window will dance in the basin, and Valya will wash over the basin, sparkling like a carp, splashing, fingering the keyboard of water ... (Ol.) 5. Vladimir was not visible in Gavrila Gavrilovich's house for a long time: he was frightened by an ordinary reception. (NS.)

Exercise 98. Transform, if possible, these complex and complex sentences in non-union.

1. The line thinned out, and then they put their things in the car and began to walk along the platform. (Kav.) 2. Because of the twilight, the ship was initially mistaken for a destroyer, but then it was considered that it was a submarine. (Paust.) 3. You will say that I have lost my mind, stunning you with a set of thundering words. (Nar.) 4. Tikhonov was about to get up and say goodbye to Shchedrin, but he was stopped by the thought of a portrait. (Paust.) 5. He walked broad-shouldered, cheerful, in an open overcoat, and his cap was no longer pulled over his eyes, but sat on the very top of his head, like a bird ready to fly away. (Kav.)

Exercise 99. Continuing these constructions, make up with each of them two non-union complex sentences expressing different semantic relations. Determine what is the difference between the members of each pair (semantic relations, peculiarities of intonation and punctuation).

1. The train suddenly stopped ... 2. Ivan carefully put the receiver back on the hook ... 3. The air already smelled of spring ... 4. The store had a large selection of goods ... 5. The weather was sunny and clear .. 6. A voice was heard in the silence ...

Exercise 100. Analyze complex sentences with allied compositional and subordinate connections. Based on the semantics of the sentence, define the basic relationship. Then select the predicative parts, establish the types of relations between them and the means of communication. Given the main connection, describe the important part of a multi-term complex sentence. Explain punctuation.

1. Very soon the most simple and warm affection was established between them, and a week later Katerina Vasilievna already told him about the Kirsanovs: she was sure that this man could not have any ignoble thought. (Black) 2. He was a little ashamed, and his pride was offended - he did not expect a refusal - and he could not believe that all his dreams, yearning and hopes had led him to such a silly end, as if in a small play at an amateur performance ... (Ch.) 3. Large drops of rain fell on the dusty road, and soon it became similar to the lunar surface, each drop left a small crater in the dust. (Paust.) 4. The wind pushes us, wanting to bend us into the mountains: its pressure is so strong that sometimes we stop, with our backs to the sea, legs wide apart, lean on sticks and for a minute stand as if on three legs, and the soft weight presses us, tearing off the dress. (MG) 5. Dark, endless corridors stretched out again; they became even lower, even tighter, so that in other places it was necessary not only to bend the back, but also to crawl through, and only thanks to the thick cap it did not hurt. (Telesh.) 6. The girl looked at Davydov. She spoke to him, but still could not recover from her embarrassment; she blushed painfully, even her collarbones were pink, and her ears were crimson. (Shoal.) 7. He did not look for words: they themselves obediently and freely came to his lips, and every word seemed to flow straight from his soul, burning with all the heat of conviction. (T.) 8. Some listener, perhaps, did not understand exactly what was being discussed; but his chest was raised high, some curtains opened before his eyes, something radiant caught fire in front. (T.) 9. We may have different views, but we are united by one thing: the desire to be useful to a person. (Shol.)

A colon in a non-union complex sentence is placed in the following cases:

1. If the second part of a complex sentence contains an indication of the reason for what is said in the first part. The second part of such sentences is close in meaning to the allied subordinate clause of the reason and can usually be replaced with such a subordinate clause (with a union because, as well as others), for example: I will accept. " (Koptel.) Compare: For a revolutionary in the current conditions it is dangerous, because spies can immediately remember his speech "special sign".

2. If the second part of a complex sentence is close in meaning to the union additional subordinate clause, and the first part contains (or implies) a predicate verb with the meaning of perception (see, watch, hear, feel, know, understand, etc.). The second part of such a complex sentence can usually be replaced by a union additional clause (with a union that), for example: For himself, he noted: foreign trade capital is already penetrating into the depths of Siberia (Koptel.); The sisters rushed to the windows: lights flashed, familiar buildings. (Lavrov) Compare: For himself, he noted that foreign trade capital is already penetrating into the depths of Siberia and the Sisters rushed to the windows (and noticed) that lights, familiar buildings flashed.

3. If the second part of a complex sentence clarifies, specifies the meaning of the first part. In this case, you can insert words between the parts of a complex sentence, namely, that is, for example: Nothing darkens this first day of our journey: the sky is clear, the air is transparent, made available to dreams. (Fedos.) Wed: Nothing darkens this first day of our journey, namely: the sky is clear, the air is transparent, made available to dreams.

Practice Exercise # 367... Convert non-union complex sentences (orally) into allied ones, inserting the unions necessary by the meaning. Explain the use of punctuation marks in union and non-union sentences.

1. Chemizov sat down with them and suddenly felt that his head was spinning: he saw Asya's sad, deer eyes. (Lavrov) 2. Lyova fidgeted on the bench ... Satellites, rockets ... He clearly felt that something new was beginning in the history of mankind. (Lavrov) 3. Silence was gradually broken in the house: a door creaked somewhere. (Hound.) 4. Dina was surprised again: self-willed and, as they said about him, hot-tempered to fury, Litvinov was the first to extend his hand to the chairman ... (Polev.) 5. At home Foma was greeted solemnly: his father gave the boy a heavy silver spoon with an intricate monogram aunt - a scarf of her knitting. (Gork.) 6. Krutovsky explained: the bridge across the Chulym is not yet ready, the passenger cars will be pushed over the ice. (Smoke.) 7. You cannot linger for a minute: the cold penetrates right through, your eyes close, it becomes more and more difficult to breathe. (Fedos.) 8. Only now Serpilin noticed: Bruskin was lying on the ground in his tunic with his buttonholes torn off. (Sim.)

Practice Exercise 368... Omitting the highlighted words, convert (orally) the complex sentences below into non-union complex sentences. Explain the use of punctuation marks between parts of non-union sentences.

1. The troops of the left flank, both the infantry and the hussars, felt that the authorities themselves did not know what to do. (L. T.) 2. The regimental commander stood here in full confidence that there were still troops ahead of him and that the enemy could not be closer than ten miles. (L. T.) 3. The battery continued to shoot and was not taken by the French only because the enemy could not assume the audacity of firing four unprotected cannons. On the contrary, by the energetic action of this battery, he assumed that here, in the center, the main forces of the Russians were concentrated. (L. T.) 4. Rostov looked at what was being done in front of him as if he were being persecuted. He instinctively sensed that if they now attack the French dragoons with the hussars, they would not be able to resist. (L. T.) 5. The French officer was more inclined to think that he was taken prisoner, because Pierre's strong hand, moved by involuntary fear, was tightening its grip on his throat. (L. T.) 6. Only a sharp, trained eye could have noticed that on the brown plain stretching to the west, it was not deserted and calm. (A. N. T.) 7. The streets were narrow and much dirtier than the road here from Sevastopol, that is, the mud here was even deeper and much more smelly. (S.-Ts.) 8. Pavel did not have to see his own people, as the town of Shepetivka was again occupied by the White Poles. (N. Ostr.) 9. Pyotr Petrovich was so kind that he took on part of the costs of our travel to the capital, namely, he volunteered to deliver our baggage and a large chest at his own expense. (Ven.)

Practice Exercise 369... Rewrite with missing punctuation marks.

I. 1. The line of the horizon wavered. The sky was filled with low, black clouds. They were as if red-hot from within, pierced by the red flame of the sunset. A large blue-gold hole shone among their ominous clouds. The azure sky was visible through it. Scarlet clouds were floating on it naggingly far away in the recruiting heights. Everything there was not so different distance, different clouds, different radiance. (Lavrov) 2. It was all so Russian, from under the very heart, that Lyova could not speak for a long time. Now he knew the road covered with Asya's image would be unforgettable for him. And for the first time he felt old because he was already twenty-eight, and she was eighteen. (Lavrov) 3. Tanya, standing up, pulling her sheepskin coat over her shoulder, lay behind her mother's back and spoke into her ear in a loud whisper. And the mother lay, not moving, and answered her over her shoulder, without lowering her voice, she had long been accustomed to the fact that the Suvorovs there, behind the curtain, two steps away from her, were sleeping in a heavy, tired sleep. Sleep and now Suvorov snores tiredly, and Sima Suvorova sighs in her sleep and sometimes sobs without waking up. (Sim.) 4. During the evening there was already everything and conversations, and inquiries, and Sima's congratulations that her daughter returned alive, and Sima's tears that her sons were killed and would never return ... And Suvorov regretted that the owner was not working at night, - and praised Tanya Khalida. (Sim.) 5. “Eh, Ivan Kapitonych!” Said Serpilin. “If he had this wound opened at the beginning of the operation or in the middle, I would not have said a word. But when just before the end ... You have to take a sober look at his fate if the wound has opened, and he is fifty-eighth, this is the last operation, and it is not like death for him to complete it ... I beg you to postpone your decision for a few days. " Batyuk frowned. Kuzmich he valued little from his very arrival, and they sent him in a hurry, over his head, without asking, and the first impression of the old man was some kind of wonderful, there was a feeling that they had put some kind of overkill in your army - on you, wretched, which is not good for me. (Sim.)

The selection contains materials that will help the teacher organize work on the study of the topic “Unionless complex sentences. Punctuation marks in BSP ": a training program, test, assignment for distribution and text material.

"9kl-bsp"

Grade 9. Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentences

He looks into the distance there the forest is dazzling here with fields and mountains.

A sultry day rolls across the sky from the rocks, hot steam streams.

Summer saves in store, winter eats.

He lay down tiredness made itself felt.

In the dry and clean air, it smells like sagebrush, compressed rye, buckwheat, even an hour before the night, you do not feel dampness.

The curtain went up and there was a friendly applause.

Heavy rain pours in the morning it is impossible to get out.

There was a misfortune, a mudflow washed away the railroad tracks.

To serve would be glad to serve sickeningly.

The weather in January is unstable, frosts are replaced by thaws.

Everyone went out onto the terrace in the house, it was stuffy.

Mother saw Pavel's pale face, she involuntarily moved forward pushing the crowd.

Geese fly high water will be a lot.

I understood that they wanted to deprive the little friend of the first and last joy in her short life.

Blizzard swept the path to make your way is not easy.

Bright bays in the reeds glisten motionlessly, the cornfields stand in the fields.

The entire sky is flooded with flat blue; only a cloud on it floats or melts.

But Dubrovsky no longer listened to the pain of the wound and strong emotions of the soul deprived him of his strength.

The vital role of hemoglobin is well known - it carries oxygen.

Glory heats up shame burns.

Only he sees the wind blizzard, the snow falls on the fields, all the white earth.

The seagull has arrived soon the ice will go.

The sun burned like yesterday the air was motionless.

The smoky sun rises and the day will be hot.

The rains have ceased the fields have dried up.

In the camp, neither fuss nor human talk is calm, even the pipes above the tents do not smoke.

Anxiously, I jumped out of the wagon and I see my mother meets me on the porch with an air of deep grief.

The gusts of wind are dying down, the motors of the tractors are buzzing.

Flocks of ducks soar over the reeds; seagulls soar; eagles soar; waders and lapwings fly by.

In happiness, friendship is used in trouble, it is tested.

I'm not sad with my friend.

The pale gray sky brightened it grew colder blue the stars flickered with a faint light.

In the frosty air, quietly as if enchanted, stands a pine forest bathed in the rainbow light of the already rising sun.

I wanted to scream, the tongue was dry, soundless, and was motionless.

Through the constant noise of the wind, I fancied faint sounds not far away, the ax gently knocking on the branches of the wheels, the creaking of the horses, snorting.

If you don't want to go, stay.

Dawn flares up now golden stripes stretched across the sky in the ravines swirling vapors.

The whole world knows the first artificial satellite of the Earth, the messenger of our country.

The sun is shining brightly around, you can still hunt.

Not a single bird was heard, all took shelter and fell silent.

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"OPTION 1"

OPTION 1.

"Training of a novice proofreader" (punctuation workshop)

OPTION 1.

Arrange punctuation marks, provide brief explanations. Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence.

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"OPTION_2"

"Training of a novice proofreader" (punctuation workshop)

OPTION 2.

Arrange punctuation marks, provide brief explanations. Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence.

"Training of a novice proofreader" (punctuation workshop)

OPTION 2.

Arrange punctuation marks, provide brief explanations. Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence.

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"Control_list1"

Control sheet.

Option 1.

1) Learn , my son : science shortens our experiences of fast-flowing life. (2h - reason)

2) The evening has already descended to the ground , it got dark in the forest, the pine forest was agitated around the hut. (enumeration)

3) Fish need clean water - we will protect our reservoirs. (2h - consequence)

4) Sky , the air and trees still frowned and promised rain ; it was hot and stuffy ; huge flocks of crows , anticipating bad weather , screaming over the garden. (enumeration)

5) The mirror property had : it speaks skillfully. (2h - explanation)

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"Control_list2"

Control sheet.

OPTION 2.

1) The Falcon soars up - clinging to the ground. (against.)

2) True talents don't get angry at criticism : beauty cannot harm them. (2h - reason)

3) Gorlinki cooed incessantly , the oriole whistled occasionally , the chaffinch was making its cute knee. (enumerated)

4) He called himself a load - climb into the back. (1h - condition)

5) Only the garden is not only not dilapidated , but has grown , grew together and was now all in bloom ; cherry blossoms could be seen from behind the fence , apple trees and plums.

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"annotation"

The selection contains materials that will help the teacher organize work on the study of the topic “Unionless complex sentences. Punctuation marks in BSP ".

All material is divided into two parts. The first part contains a presentation. In the second - a simulator, test, assignment for distribution and text material.

In file BSP presentation.ppt theoretical material is presented. The system of hyperlinks will allow organizing the learning process in accordance with the teacher's intention.

The test (start file BSP test.exe located in the folder of the same name).

File bsp - rasp . xls is aimed at organizing work related to the formation of an idea of ​​the meaning of parts of a non-union complex sentence. Students should distribute sentences according to the meaning of their parts. A control system is provided, as well as "cheat sheets" are given.

You can practice the skills of setting punctuation marks in the BSP in the mini-program, which is located in the folder "training apparatus"(launch file - BSP-start.exe, help file - SPK . HLP). There are three types of tasks in the program. In the second task (work on errors), a step-by-step control system is provided. After completing and checking the first and third tasks, comments are given.

Folder "Text files"

If the school has a local network, it is possible to organize work with mutual verification. For this, separate folders are formed for options 1 and 2 (option 1 - files "Option 1.doc "And" Control_List2 "; Option 2 - files "Option_2.doc "And" Control_List1.doc » ). Students do their work by placing punctuation marks in the sentences of the first column of the table (files "Option_1 (2) .doc); save the completed work, and then open (via the local network) the file of the representative of another variant, copy the material from the file "Control_list1 (2)" into the second column of the table and carry out a mutual check. In file "editing.doc » proposals of various structures are given, they need to be rebuilt in the BSP; uses the techniques of copying, deleting and pasting.

The task cards given in the file "9kl-bsp.doc" will help to check how well the skills of setting punctuation marks in the BSP are formed.

Please send your comments and suggestions to e-mail: mousch2- n@ yandex. ru .

Respectfully yours, T.V. Kamaeva

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"editing"

EXERCISE

EXERCISE ... Replace complex and complex sentences with non-union ones. Compare sentences.

EXERCISE ... Replace complex and complex sentences with non-union ones. Compare sentences.

EXERCISE ... Replace complex and complex sentences with non-union ones. Compare sentences.