Female infidelity is a rather complex phenomenon. First, with the social ...
Oleg Novgorodsky usually begins to deduct the formation of the Old Russian state. His figure is truly iconic, since it determined the beginning of a new era, new era... His life, like death, has many mysteries for historians. But still, Prince Oleg the Prophet, short biography which will be discussed below - a personality quite interesting for researchers and ordinary lovers of antiquity.
Appearance in Russia
Whose biography is known to us only in brief, is considered the founder of the Old Russian state. He was a relative of the legendary Varangian Rurik, that is, he was the brother of Efanda, the commander's wife. It is believed that he was an ordinary commander, whom the Viking trusted immensely. Otherwise, would he have instructed him to take away his young son? It is worth believing that Oleg acted in agreement with Rurik, and maybe he had a certain freedom. One way or another, but rather quickly he took possession of Smolensk and Lyubech, and then Kiev. By the way, the golden-domed city was captured by him by cunning: the Varangian lured from behind the walls (which were also probably Vikings) and killed them, declaring himself a prince.
Achievements and successes
Prince Oleg, whose biography is considered in this article, strengthened the power either by enlisting the support of the Slavic tribes neighboring Kiev, or by subduing them. He established a tribute for them, which did not greatly weigh on the people. But his military successes were truly impressive. Campaigns against the Khazars saved the Russian lands from the need to pay the kaganate a polyudye. The great Constantinople fell, on the gates of which, according to the chronicle, the prince nailed his shield. As a result, Russian merchants could trade with Byzantium without duties and receive all kinds of support from it. Thus, Prince Oleg the Prophet, whose brief biography is discussed above, has more merit to Russia than Rurik. Moreover, practically nothing is known about the ancestor of the princely dynasty.
Hike to Constantinople
Prince Oleg, whose brief biography is covered in the Tale of Bygone Years, is an outstanding personality. He organized the famous campaign against Constantinople, after which he received his nickname - Prophetic. The chronicle says that he sent a huge army to the city on two thousand boats. Each boat housed four dozen vigilantes. The emperor ordered to close the gates of the capital, leaving the suburbs and villages to be torn apart by the enemies. But the Kiev prince ordered to attach wheels to the ships, on which the army reached the gates of Constantinople. The Byzantines were at a loss, so they surrendered, offering Oleg a generous tribute and peace.
Was there a hike?
Prince Oleg, whose short biography can be found in almost every history textbook, is a controversial figure. Researchers have more questions than answers about his life. For example, the fact of a campaign against Byzantium seems unreliable. This is because the authors from Constantinople described in detail all the attacks on their country, but they do not mention Oleg's campaign. In addition, the return of Oleg and Vladimir the Great from Constantinople is very similar. Perhaps this is a description of the same event. At the same time, after Oleg in Southern City Igor also walked, who also won. This is also stated by European authors who chronicled those years.
Was there a snake?
Oleg, whose biography is also known from literature lessons, died as mysteriously as he appeared in Russia. In the same it is described that once the sorcerer predicted his death from his beloved horse. The Varyag was superstitious, so he sat on another animal, and entrusted the pet to the servants, ordering them to take care of him until his death. The ruler remembered him during the feast, but it turned out that the horse had died long ago. Grieving for his favorite and angry that he believed the wise men, the prince went to the bones. But when he stepped on the skull, he saw a snake, which immediately stung him in the leg. Oleg died of poison.
Prince Oleg, whose biography has long been studied, could have died another death. And the legend of the horse and the snake may have been borrowed from the saga of Orvard Odda. Although some scholars believe that the hero of Scandinavian legends and Prophetic Oleg are the same person. But there are several facts that allow us to think about whether the plot about the death of the prince could be true. Among them are the following:
Could a snake bite through a leather boot that was worn in Russia? Most likely not, or did Oleg come up the mountain to the bones of a horse barefoot?
But what if the snake jumped and bit the prince above the bootleg? But on the territory of Ukraine there are no such vipers!
As a rule, the snake, before stinging, hisses and tries to crawl away. Could Oleg or his entourage not have noticed this?
As an option, the prince died from poison, but the snake was slipped to him on purpose, or Oleg was poisoned in advance. Unfortunately, it is impossible to establish where the truth is.
Some more interesting facts
Russian Prince Oleg, whose biography is already known to the reader, is mentioned not only in the annals of Kiev and Novgorod. Al-Masudi (Arabic author) speaks of the unsuccessful campaign of the Rus (500 ships!) On the forehead with Olwang and Al-Dir to Persia. They gave part of the booty to the Khazars, but the latter betrayed them and killed everyone. About thirty thousand warriors perished there, and those who retreated across the Caspian were killed by the Volga Bulgars. Thus, the legendary prince died on the campaign, as befits a brave Varangian.
This is how he is, an intelligent and warlike prince Oleg. His biography is full of white spots, due to which an aura of mystery and mystery remains around this figure. Perhaps time will find answers to all questions.
Prince Oleg of Kiev, Oleg the Prophet, Prince of Novgorod and so on. Oleg, one of the first known Russian princes, had many nicknames. And each of them was given to him reasonably.
The most interesting thing in studying the biography of people who lived so long ago is that we have never been able to find out how everything really was. And this applies to absolutely any facts, even names and nicknames.
Nevertheless, in the history of our country there is a certain number of documents, chronicles and other papers, written on which many historians, for some reason, believe.
I propose not to hesitate for a long time on the topic of whether everything really happened, but simply to plunge headlong into the most distant corners of the history of Russia. We'll start from the very beginning. From the origin of Prince Oleg.
Oleg's origin
The most interesting thing is that on the Internet, I found several versions of the origin of Prince Oleg the Prophetic. The main ones are two. The first is based on the well-known chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years", and the second - on the Novgorod First Chronicle. The Novgorod Chronicle describes the earlier events of Ancient Rus, therefore it has preserved fragments of an earlier period of Oleg's life. However, it contains inaccuracies in the chronology of the events of the 10th century. However, first things first.
So, according to The Tale of Bygone Years, Oleg was a fellow tribesman of Rurik. Some historians consider him the brother of Rurik's wife. A more precise origin of Oleg is not indicated in The Tale of Bygone Years. There is a hypothesis that Oleg has Scandinavian roots and bears the name of the hero of several Norwegian-Icelandic sagas.
After the death of the founder of the princely dynasty Rurik (according to some sources - the true creator of the Old Russian state) in 879, Oleg began to reign in Novgorod as the guardian of Rurik's young son Igor.
Hikes of Prince Oleg
Unification of Kiev and Novgorod
Again, if you follow the history and further on the "Tale of Bygone Years", then in 882 Prince Oleg, taking with him a large army consisting of the Vikings, Chud, Slovenian, Meru, all, Krivichi and representatives of other tribes took the city of Smolensk and Lyubech, where he planted his people as governors. Further along the Dnieper, he went down to Kiev, where two boyars ruled not of the Rurik tribe, but were Vikings: Askold and Dir. Oleg did not want to fight with them, so he sent an ambassador to them with the words:
We are merchants, we are going to the Greeks from Oleg and from Igor the prince, but come to your family and to us.
Askold and Dir came ... Oleg hid some of the soldiers in the boats, and left others behind him. He himself went forward, holding the young prince Igor in his arms. Presenting them the heir of Rurik, young Igor, Oleg said: "And he is the son of Rurik." And he killed Askold and Dir.
Another chronicle, consisting of information from various sources of the XVI century, gives a more detailed account of this seizure.
Oleg landed part of his squad ashore, having discussed a secret plan of action. He himself, saying that he was sick, remained in the boat and sent a notice to Askold and Dir that he was carrying a lot of beads and ornaments, and also had an important conversation with the princes. When they got on the boat, Oleg killed Askold and Dir.
Prince Oleg appreciated the convenient location of Kiev and moved there with his retinue, declaring Kiev “the mother of Russian cities”. Thus, he united the northern and southern centers of the Eastern Slavs. For this reason, it is Oleg, and not Rurik, who is sometimes considered the founder of the Old Russian state.
For the next 25 years, Prince Oleg was busy expanding his power. He subdued Kiev tribes of Drevlyans (in 883), northerners (in 884), Radimichi (in 885). And the Drevlyans and northerners paid to give to the Khazars. The Tale of Bygone Years left the text of Oleg's address to the northerners:
"I am an enemy of the Khazars, so you don't have to pay tribute to them either." To the Radimichs: "Whom do you pay tribute to?" They answered: "Kozaram." And Oleg says: "Don't give it to Kozar, but give it to me." "And Oleg owned Drevlyans, glades, Radimichs, streets and Tivertsy."
Hike of Prince Oleg to Constantinople
In 907, having equipped 2000 boats (these are such boats) with 40 soldiers in each (according to the "Tale of Time Years"), Oleg set out on a campaign against Constantinople (now Constantinople). The Byzantine emperor Leo VI the Philosopher ordered to close the gates of the city and block the harbor with chains, thus giving the enemies the opportunity to plunder and destroy only the suburbs of Constantinople. However, Oleg chose a different path.
The prince ordered his soldiers to make big wheels on which they put their boats. And as soon as a fair wind blew, the sails rose and filled with air, which drove the boats towards the city.
The frightened Greeks offered Oleg peace and tribute. According to the agreement, Oleg received 12 hryvnias for each soldier and ordered Byzantium to pay tribute "to Russian cities." In addition to this, Prince Oleg ordered to receive Russian merchants and traders in Constantinople as gloriously as no one had ever received. Show them all the honors and provide them Better conditions as if to himself. Well, if these merchants and traders begin to behave insolently, then Oleg ordered to expel them from the city.
As a sign of victory, Oleg nailed his shield to the gates of Constantinople. The main result of the campaign was a trade agreement on duty-free trade between Russia and Byzantium.
Many historians consider this campaign to be fiction. There is not a single mention of him in the Byzantine chronicles of those times, which described in sufficient detail such campaigns in 860 and 941. There are also doubts about the 907 treaty, the text of which is an almost word-for-word repetition of the 911 and 944 treaties.
Perhaps the campaign still took place, but without the siege of Constantinople. "The Tale of Bygone Years" in the description of Igor Rurikovich's campaign in 944 conveys "the words of the Byzantine king" to Prince Igor: "Do not go, but take the tribute that Oleg took, and I will add to that tribute."
In 911, Prince Oleg sent an embassy to Constantinople, which confirmed the "long-term" peace and concluded a new treaty. Compared to the 907 treaty, the mention of duty-free trade disappears from it. Oleg is referred to in the treaty as "the great Russian prince." There is no doubt about the authenticity of the 911 agreement: it is supported by both linguistic analysis and references in Byzantine sources.
Death of Prince Oleg
In 912, according to the same "Tale of Bygone Years", Prince Oleg died from the bite of a snake that crawled out of the skull of his dead horse. Much has already been written about Oleg's death, so we will not dwell on this for a long time. What can I say ... Each of us studied the work of the great classic A.S. Pushkin's "Song of the Prophetic Oleg" and at least once in my life I saw this picture.
Death of Prince Oleg
In the Novgorod first chronicle, which we talked about earlier, Oleg is represented not as a prince, but as a voivode under Igor (that very young son of Rurik, with whom he entered Kiev according to the "Tale of Bygone Years"). Kills Askold, captures Kiev and goes to war against Byzantium, too, Igor, and Oleg returns back to the north, to Ladoga, where he dies not in 912, but in 922.
The circumstances of the death of Prophetic Oleg are contradictory. The Tale of Bygone Years reports that there was a heavenly sign before Oleg's death. According to the Kiev version, reflected in the "Tale of Bygone Years", his tomb of the prince is located in Kiev on Mount Schekovitsa. The first Novgorod chronicle places his grave in Ladoga, but at the same time says that he went “overseas”.
In both versions, there is a legend about death from a snakebite. According to legend, the Magi predicted to Prince Oleg that he would die precisely from his beloved horse. After that, Oleg ordered the horse to be taken away and remembered about the prediction only four years later, when the horse had long since died. Oleg laughed at the Magi and wanted to look at the horse's bones, put his foot on the skull and said: "Should I be afraid of him?" However, a poisonous snake lived in the horse's skull, which fatally stung the prince.
Prince Oleg: years of rule
The date of Oleg's death, like all chronicle dates of Russian history until the end of the 10th century, is conditional. Historians have noted that 912 is also the year of death of the Byzantine emperor Leo VI - the antagonist of Prince Oleg. Perhaps the chronicler, who knew that Oleg and Leo were contemporaries, timed the end of their reigns to the same date. A similar suspicious coincidence - 945 - and between the dates of Igor's death and the overthrow of his contemporary, the Byzantine emperor Roman I. Considering, moreover, that the Novgorod tradition attributes Oleg's death to 922, the date 912 becomes even more dubious. The duration of the reign of Oleg and Igor is 33 years each, which raises suspicion of the epic source of this information.
If the date of death is taken according to the Novgorod Chronicle, then the years of his reign are 879-922. Which is not 33, but 43 years.
As I said at the very beginning of the article, we have not yet been able to find out the exact dates of such distant events. Of course, there can be no two correct dates, especially when we are talking about a difference of 10 years. But for now, one can conditionally accept both dates as true.
P.S. I remember very well the history of Russia in the 6th grade, when we went through this topic. I must say that while studying all the nuances of Prince Oleg's life, I discovered many new "facts" (I hope you understand why I put this word in quotation marks).
I am sure that this material will be useful for those who are preparing to speak to the class / group with a report on the reign of Prince Oleg the Prophetic. If you have something to supplement it, I look forward to your comments below.
And if you are simply interested in the history of our country, I advise you to visit the section “Great Generals of Russia” and read the articles in this section of the site.
Prince Oleg (879-912), according to legend, was a very enterprising and warlike ruler. As soon as the power fell into his hands, he conceived a big deal - to take possession of the entire course of the Dnieper, to take into his own hands the entire waterway to rich Greece, and for this he had to conquer all the Slavs who lived along the Dnieper. Here one prince's squad was not enough. Prince Oleg recruited a large army from the Ilmen Slavs, from the Krivichi, subordinate to him, the Finnish tribes, and moved with them and his retinue to the south.
First of all, Prince Oleg took possession of Smolensk, the city of those Krivichi, which were not yet subject to anyone, then took Lyubech, the city northerners, left in these cities the detachments of his squad under the command of reliable, experienced governors, and he went on. Finally, Kiev appeared. Oleg knew that it would not be easy to take this city by force: Askold and Dir, experienced leaders, reigned there, and their squad was brave and experienced. I had to start a trick: the army was left behind, and Oleg with several boats sailed to Kiev, stopped not far from the city and sent to tell Askold and Dir that their fellow countrymen, Varangian merchants, were going to Greece, wanted to see them and asked them to come to boats.
The fleet of Prince Oleg goes to Constantinople along the Dnieper River. Engraving by F. A. Bruni. Before 1839
According to some historical evidence, it is believed that Prince Oleg was a relative of Rurik, or rather the brother of Rurik's wife Efanda, who was a Norwegian princess before her marriage. Exact date his birth is unknown.
Power passed to Oleg after the death of Rurik as the regent of his young son Igor.
Kiev prince
When Igor was young, Oleg began to pursue an active domestic and foreign policy. The "Tale of Bygone Years" says that in 882 Oleg with a large army captured Smolensk and Lyubech, put his governors and moved to Kiev, where the Varangians Askold and Dir reigned, who, in fact, usurped power. He tricked them out of the city and killed them. Oleg liked Kiev, and he made it the capital of the Old Russian state. The new power was quickly recognized by the Slavic tribes, including the glade, the northerners, the Drevlyans, the Ilmen Slovenes, the Krivichi, the Vyatichi, the Radimichi, the Ulici and the Tivertsi. Oleg organized the structure of the state in such a way that local princes and governors would help him in managing the territories.
In the future, he continued to expand the state at the expense of nearby territories. Under the rule of the Kiev prince in 883, the lands of the Drevlyans departed, in 884 - the northerners and in 885 - the Radimichi.
The prince's campaigns
It is impossible not to take into account the successes of Oleg and in foreign policy... A special place is occupied by the fight against the Khazar Kaganate, which terrorized the East Slavic lands, collecting tribute from them. Oleg managed to protect his subjects from their raids. The chronicle cites his words addressed to the northerners: "I am an enemy of the Khazars, therefore you have no need to pay tribute to them."
Oleg's legendary campaign against Byzantium occupies a special place in the annals. In 907 he equipped a large army, and in 2000 boats it moved to Constantinople (Constantinople). The Byzantines did not expect such an onslaught and did everything to secure the city, including blocking the harbor with chains. Oleg's unexpected actions frightened the Byzantines: he put all his boats on wheels and, with a fair wind, set sail on the city in full sail. The boldness of the city takes: this was enough for the Greeks to offer peace and tribute to Oleg.
The Russian army received 12 hryvnias for each oarlock (a device in the side of the boat to stop the oar when rowing), and in the future Byzantium had to pay tribute to Russian cities. The main outcome of the peace was the treaty on duty-free trade between Russia and Byzantium. Legends say that Oleg, marking his victory, nailed his shield on the gates of Constantinople.
Some historians question this campaign, calling it a legend. Nevertheless, "The Tale of Bygone Years", in the description of Igor Rurikovich's campaign in 944, conveys the words of the Byzantine tsar to Prince Igor: "Do not go, but take the tribute that Oleg took, and I will add to that tribute."
In the same chronicle, his nickname the Prophetic is given, which corresponds to the one who knows the future, foreseeing it. So Oleg began to be called immediately upon his return from the campaign to Byzantium in 907.
Legends about Prophetic Oleg
The evidence of the circumstances of the Prophetic Oleg's death is contradictory. "The Tale of Bygone Years" reports that his death was preceded by a heavenly sign - the appearance of "a great star in the west in a spear manner."
There are other versions, but everywhere there is a legend about death from a snakebite. According to legend, the Magi predicted Oleg's death from his beloved horse. The prince remembered about the horse only a few years after his death. Oleg laughed at the wise men, came to the place of the death of the horse, stood on the skull and said: "Should I be afraid of him?" However, a poisonous snake lived in the skull, mortally stinging the prince.
The date of Oleg's death, like all the chronicle dates of Russian history until the end of the 10th century, is conditional. However, the most preferred date is 912.
The founder of the great Kievan Rus Prince Oleg the Prophet went down in history as one of the most significant persons for the Russian people. Numerous campaigns, a trade route with Byzantium and the introduction of writing for the Russian people, all these are the merits of the prince, who, according to legend, could foresee his future, which served as a success in his reign.
One of the most famous and sing this day of princes ancient Russia Prince Oleg the Prophet. Who replaced the no less great Rurik and brought many victories to his people. One of the most famous merits of the hero Oleg the Prophet is the creation of Kievan Rus itself and the appointment of the great city of Kiev as the center of it. Oleg began to be called the Prophetic, only because he could predict the future. He very skillfully told about the events of the future and this was most likely not because he had supernatural powers, but because he thought logically and was a good psychologist... The prince was not only the sovereign of his state, but also a kind of sorcerer for the people and a sorcerer, because people believed that he was given the power to rule the Russian people from above. There is a legend that the death of Prophetic Oleg was brought by a snake and he died from its bite. It was the death of the great king that became the reason for the composing of many songs and legends. Not only songs about his exploits, but also about his death, have become obligatory from history, because it is very insulting that such a great Russian sovereign fell victim to a snake.
Legend has it that the reign of the prince passed when Rurik was dying. It was on his deathbed that he said that he would bequeath him to rule, because his son was still small, and Prophetic Oleg was his guardian and confidant of the family. Only to him Rurik could entrust two of his most expensive treasures. This is a very small son and a state for which he had big plans. And he did not disappoint his comrade, he became a great commander, he earned the love of his people and served Russia for almost 33 years. If you look superficially on the achievements of the Russian commander, then his greatest victories in life were the reign in Novgorod, Lyubich and the creation of Kievan Rus. But no less important events in his life were the campaigns against Byzantium, the imposition of tribute on the East Slavic tribes and the trade routes that were opened by the campaign against Byzantium. This very trip opened up a lot of new and interesting things for the Russians, not only in terms of trade, but also art.
The beginning of his exploits was laid by a campaign against the Krivichi in 882, during which he captured Smolensk. After that, his path was laid down along the Dnieper. Which brought him the capture of Lubich. And later he deceived both the life and the throne of the Russian princes Askold and Dir, who ruled Russia before him. After that Prophetic Oleg became not only the prince of Novgorod, but also the prince of Kiev. From that moment on, according to historical facts, it is believed that the beginning of the creation of the great Kievan Rus was laid.
Further, the year 907 became significant for the prince of Novgorod and Kiev Prophetic Oleg. When he led the army of Kiev and the Varangians to Byzantium on a long campaign. The army completely devastated the city of Constantinople, and after that an agreement was drawn up and adopted, very beneficial for Russia, according to which the Russian people, who went to Byzantium with commercial affairs, had even more privileges than the citizens of the state.
No less famous was the treaty of the Prophetic Oleg with the Greek rulers, which was concluded in 912, after Constantinople was besieged, and the Byzantines surrendered from that moment. But even there there was not yet a word about the real heir and de facto ruler of Russia, Igor. Even during the reign of the Prophetic Prince, all the people understood that he was the founder of their state. History also understands for certain that Oleg first created the state, then expanded its borders, showed everyone that Ruriks is a completely legitimate power of the Russian people. And most importantly, he dared to challenge the Khazars. Before Igor's guardian began to rule, the Khazars collected a huge tribute from the entire Slavic people. Not only did they steal from people, they also wanted the Russians to profess their religion, Judaism.
The Tale of Bygone Years is the most reliable source of information about the Prophetic Sovereign of the Russian people, but only there are described only the most basic deeds of the hero. A huge gap in the whole 21 years exists in the annals and for what reason the scribes bypassed this year of the prince's reign is not known to this day. But even since that time, many things significant for history have happened, because every decision of the prince changed the course of all history and the entire people. A very important factor, which was revealed many years later, was that from 885 to 907 in this period there was not only a campaign against the Khazars, but also the overcoming of the Radimichi.
Video: A documentary about the Prophetic Oleg
But the chronicle was written by purely Russian people and therefore they considered it necessary to record those events that only 100% concerned the Russian people and Oleg. A very important detail was the passage in 898 near Kiev of the emigrating people of the Hungarians (uvgro). No less important was the arrival of Igor's future wife, Princess Olga, in 903. By birth, the bride's name was Prekras, but at the behest of the Prince of Novgorod, they began to call her first Volga, and then Olga. Few people knew that the girl herself was the daughter of Prophetic Oleg, and so that no one would find out the truth, they began to call her by a different name. The girl was not only the daughter of Prophetic Oleg, but also the granddaughter of Gostomysl, it was he who invited Rurik many years ago to become the head of the board of Rus.
Rurik handed over on his deathbed his son and the rule of the state, and thus Oleg to continue the Gostomysl dynasty along the line of his wife, and took the place of Rurik. It turned out that neither the line of rule of the Rurik dynasty nor Gostomysl was interrupted.
As a result, I always got up important question about who has more rights to rule the Russian state, Oleg or Gostomysl. No one knew for certain whether it was true or rumor that Olga was the daughter of Oleg and the granddaughter of Gostomysl, because if this is true, then it turns out that the husband of that very daughter, Oleg. And he can be compared with any of the Rurik dynasty. And it turns out that he has quite legal rights to inherit the throne, and not just a verbal donation of the Russian land by Rurik. But they always tried to bypass this fact in the annals, so that the retinue of Novgorod did not begin to claim significant government officials in Kiev.
And the most unexpected and pleasant event brought by the reign of the prophetic tsar is that, with his submission, the Russian people learned what writing is. Cyril and Methodius, also in the Tale of Bygone Years, are recorded as the creators of writing among the Slavs. Such an act of the prince is truly great, only 90 years later, in importance, he was able to surpass the prince, Vladimir, who adopted Christianity for the Russian people. Oleg accepted written reforms, alphabets and the alphabet, which is still present in people's lives.
During the period when Rurik appeared in Novgorod, the brothers Cyril and Methodius appeared on Ladoga. There is no time difference, only there was a difference in territorial space. Cyril started his mission in the south, in 860-801 he reached the Khazar Kaganate. There he tried to introduce writing, but not entirely successfully, and then he temporarily retired to a monastery, where he began to work on the creation of the alphabet and performed these acts by one of the brothers in 862. This year was never even questioned, because then the campaign of both brothers took place on hands with the alphabet to Moravia.
These events in the coming years will lead to the fact that both in Bulgaria and in Serbia they began to use Slavic writing but it happened 250 years later. But only the creation of writing could not lead to the fact that people would become more literate, the sovereign had to decide that this was a necessity and his authority was directly needed.
The hero of the Olhw was very adamant, and although he took the alphabet from the missionaries, he categorically rejected their teachings. Then there was only one faith, pagan and pagans treated Christians very badly, the people even then were simply not ready for such a faith. Catholic missionaries have suffered from the Baltic Slavs. After all, they indiscriminately repaired them. Then there was a big confrontation, and the guardian of the young Igor played an important role in this struggle.
Even when Grand Duke died, he became exactly the one who launched the process of creating a great state and this process was no longer reversible, since the soil for him was already so solid that it could not be crushed. Even Karamzin once said that Russia had many worthy rulers and sovereigns in its history, but none of them achieved such merits to the state as Prince Oleg created for Russia.
The great ruler Prophetic Oleg deserves that to this day, before his person and deeds in the name of Kievan Rus, people bow their heads with gratitude. He became the one who created the state of Russia from scratch. He paved the most profitable trade routes in the history of the Russian people, he was a prince of two states at the same time and married his daughter to the legitimate heir of Kievan Rus. Not to mention the introduction of writing, which was the beginning of literacy training for ordinary people.
