How to make a birdhouse project by technology. Creative work "Birdhouse. Project work plan

Selection and justification of the project topic. It all started with the fact that our class took part in the action Belgorod - "Green Capital", to collect seeds of various trees (acorns, chestnuts, seeds of acacia and fruit trees), then there was participation in labor landings for planting seedlings, and I and my classmates planted many seedlings of oaks, spruces and fruit trees. But planting and growing trees is only part of the task, in addition to this, they need to be preserved and protected from various insect pests. And then it was decided to build a birdhouse. birdhouse

Historical reference. Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide shelter for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have a long history of humane treatment of all animals. The Indian starling Myne is still being hung with dry bottle gourds for its nests. There is a written mention of birdhouses in Vasily Levshin's “Book for Hunters” in 1774: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many parts of Russia there are starlings in the yards under the jam, other owners make special bundles of birch bark for them, where they can nest. Such courtyard starlings amuse human hearing with a pleasant whistle ”.

Design - project analysis. Considering various product models (see the chapter "Generating ideas"), and various Internet sites of similar subjects, I come to the conclusion that my birdhouse design is in no way inferior to its counterparts. And in some ways it is even better and has its own distinctive look. In addition, you can list a few more advantages of this model:

Birdhouse manufacturing technology. In this project, I will mainly do woodworking: marking, sawing, planing, jigsaw sawing, filing and sanding, drilling, gluing, wood carving and turning. For these operations, you will need a hand tool for woodworking: a hacksaw, a universal miter box (for sawing at an angle of 45, a plane, a hand jigsaw (sawing table), files of various shapes and notches, sandpaper (sanding pad), a set of cutters, a drilling machine (crowns for wood), a lathe for wood and a burner Most of these operations are performed on a carpentry workbench, all of the listed tools, fixtures and machines are in the school workshop.

Safety precautions when performing work. TB when sawing. TB when connecting parts with screws. TB when gluing parts. TB when finishing surfaces. TB when working on a drilling machine. TB when working with a jigsaw. TB when working on a lathe for wood.
Economic feasibility study of the project. The time spent on making the birdhouse was about 16 hours. When determining the price, I summed up the costs of materials, electricity, deductions for the estimated salary, profit. C = C + P. The cost price (С) includes: С1 - the cost of boards; C2 - the cost of glue; C3 - the cost of screws; С4 - the cost of electricity; C5 - the cost of the sanding paper; С6 - depreciation charges (wear of machines and tools); C7 - salary deductions. Let's calculate the cost: C1 = 100 rubles. ; C2 = 25 rubles; C3 = 15 rubles; C4 = 36 rubles; С5 = 20 rubles. (2 sheets (10 rubles each); С6 = depreciation deductions (wear of machines and tools) are insignificant; С7 = 500 rubles (negotiable salary). С = С1 + С2 + С3 + С4 + С5 + С6 + С7 = 696 rubles ...

STAGES OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Recommendations for the manufacture of a birdhouse A slab, tes, various pieces of boards, slats are suitable for manufacturing Standard sizes for a birdhouse: front and back walls - 20x30 cm, side walls - 15x30, bottom and sleeve for a lid - 15x15, lid - 20x25, notch - 40–45 mm. The thickness of the boards is 2 cm. The sequence of assembling the house: the side walls are attached to the bottom, then the front bar and, finally, the back one. We must try to make the house firmly knocked down, without cracks. The simplest to manufacture is a house with rectangular walls, without a sloped or gable roof. It is desirable that the bottom of the house has the shape of a square. The cover of the birdhouse should be removable for cleaning and inspection of the nesting area. The roof of the "house" is unacceptable. The inner surface of the nesting sites should be non-planed: it is very difficult for chicks and adult birds to get out on a smooth surface. If the house is made of darkened boards, then it should not be painted. If the boards are fresh, it is better to paint them on the outside with wood stain, green or brown paint. And remember that you make these houses for the birds! Originality and creativity, of course, are always held in high esteem, but birds will not understand this, moreover, a too bright, pretentious house can simply scare them away.
HOW TO PLACE How to fix the birdhouse? The hanging height should be from 3-4 to 4-6 meters. Only one nesting site is hung on one tree, at a distance of more than meters from another tree. Starling houses can be placed crowded, within 2-3 m. The nesting area should hang vertically or with a slight forward tilt. It is best to tie the houses to the trees using soft wire, aluminum or annealed steel. Any synthetic rope or cord will also work. Never nail down the houses! You can use a cross bar with which the nest is fastened between two branches.

We always look forward to every spring with excitement, when nature comes to life, birds come and sing. Starlings come to our garden, but we don't have a birdhouse for them. So I decided to make them a birdhouse. In grade 5, we learned to saw, plan, drill and join wood parts. Now I can do a lot myself and I will certainly make a birdhouse, attach it to a tree.

Project plan

To complete my project, you need to think in advance about the shape and size of the birdhouse, select materials, draw a sketch of the birdhouse, determine its size, select tools for processing, think over the manufacturing technology, make and figure out how to fix it on the tree. You can draw up a project implementation plan, that is, a thinking scheme, as follows.
Possible birdhouse options and choosing the best option.

It is better to make a birdhouse from natural wood or from hollow wood, since birds will get used to it better. It should be warm and not degraded by moisture or cracked by the sun. A birdhouse can be made from planks or thick plywood. The roof can be made from planks or even tin or plastic. The shape is easier to make rectangular. Planks can be fastened with nails or screws. The first option provides for the manufacture of a birdhouse from planks with an inclined roof.

This option is simple, but not very pretty option. The roof of two planks will look better

Option 3 - a birdhouse made from a hollow tree trunk. In it, under the inlet, a shelf is made on which the bird can sit and rest. And chicks can sit before the first flyby.

I shared my opinion with friends and parents which birdhouse design is better. The majority noted the second option as the best. Of all the options, I choose the second one. It is the simplest one. There are materials for its manufacture. It consists only of planks, which can be easily knocked down with nails or connected with screws.

Birdhouse drawing

Drawing requirements are as follows. All dimensions must be marked on the product drawing. It will be easy for me to mark and cut the boards. The birdhouse should have a hole, as my parents suggested to me, with a diameter of about 5 cm. A starling can freely crawl through it. The hole can be marked and drilled along its contour, then cut or sawed, the hole can be cut with a jigsaw and cleaned with a file. But it is better to cut it out right away with a jigsaw, if the board is not thick. I read that you cannot nail a birdhouse into a living tree with nails on a tree. Can be nailed to a dry or loose knot, or secured to the roof of a building, for example to wooden parts with nails or screws. You can screw the birdhouse to the body with wire without a fixing strip. The tree grows in breadth and over time the wire cuts into it. It will not be harmful to fasten the birdhouse with wire, and put wooden blocks under it. In advance, you need to nail a plank to the back wall to the birdhouse.

Product specification

Economic calculation

Technological map of the product

Mark and cut a 38mm hole in the front wall.

Workbench, ruler, pencil, compasses, drill, jigsaw.

Attach a rail 550X50X20mm to the rear wall with screws.

Connect the walls into the body, mark, cut out and nail the bottom (bottom size 120X120mm).

Screws, curly screwdriver, ruler, pencil.

Select a board with a thickness of 20 mm and cut out the roof details (size 150X210mm -1 pc, and 170X210mm - 1 pc).

Workbench, ruler, pencil, hacksaw.

Attach the roof to the birdhouse body.

Screws, curly screwdriver, ruler, pencil.

Round off the sharp edges of the product.

Sandpaper, file.

Attach the product with wire to the tree.

Wire, pliers.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

Gymnasium №1.

Primorsky Territory of the city of Nakhodka.

Design work on technology:

"Secrets of the Birdhouse"

Compiled by:

Oslopov Kirill

pupil 9 "A" class

Supervisor:

Lapin Oleg Vladimirovich

Technology teacher

Find

2013

1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… ..... 3
2. "Secrets of the birdhouse" ………………………… ... ……………………………… .4

2.1. Justification and selection of the project ……………………………………………… ... 4

2.2. Types of birdhouses ……………………………………………………………… .6

2.3. Design and placement of birdhouses …………………………………… ..7

2.4. Purpose of birdhouses …………………………………………………… ..7

2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings ……………………………………… ..7

2.6. Starlings - defenders of gardens and orchards ……………………………………… ..9

2.7. Practical work …………………………………………………………… .10

2.8. Economic calculations ………………………………………………………… .10

2.9. Manufacturing stages …………………………………………………………… ... 11

3. Technological map ………………………………………………………… 12

4. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………… 17

5. References …………………………………………………………… ..18

1. Introduction.

In the spring, I noticed that many starlings arrive, but in the summer they can be seen very rarely. "Why aren't starlings visible in the summer?" There are very few places for them to live in the village. The decision suggested itself - you need to help the birds, and therefore help yourself.

The birdhouse became the object of my research.

Research subject: birdhouse for starlings.

Purpose of the research: to study a method of making a birdhouse for a starling.

Tasks:

Get acquainted with the history of the emergence of birdhouses;

To study the peculiarities of making birdhouses for starlings;

Build a birdhouse for a starling with your own hands.

Research methods:

Theoretical: the study of sources of information.

Practical:

a) observation;

b) construction;

c) generalization and conclusions.

Hypothesis: making the largest number of birdhouses for starlings, one of the ways to preserve the number of starlings in the village.

The estimated value of the work lies in the fact that this project is aimed at the development of labor creativity and environmental culture.

2. "Secrets of the birdhouse".

2.1. Justification and choice of topic.

There is a written mention of birdhouses in Vasily Levshin's “Book for Hunters” in 1774: “And in the Crimea, Little Russia and in many places in Russia there are starlings in the yards under the jam, other owners make special bundles of birch bark for them, where they can nest. Such courtyard starlings amuse human hearing with a pleasant whistle ”.

Apparently, the first massive human attempts to build and provide shelter for birds were made much earlier, most likely in the last millennium in India. Hindus have a long history of humane treatment of all animals. The Indian starling Myne is still being hung with dry bottle gourds for its nests. Now meins can also be found in Moscow - they were unintentionally acclimatized here by bird lovers, and the bottle gourd - laginaria - not so long ago was bred in some steppe forestry enterprises specifically for use as bird houses in forest plantations.

In Europe, regardless of the Indians, the inhabitants of the Netherlands were the first to learn to attract starlings. Confirmation of this is some canvases of Flemish painting, on which, starting from 1500, birdhouses and birds around them are depicted.

There are also written confirmations. Professor G. P. Dementyev found in the old treatise "On the Birds of Olina", printed in Rome in 1622, images of a starling and a clay birdhouse next to it. Flemish nesting boxes were made of baked clay, in the shape of a jug, flat on one side. On this flat wall there was a large hole for the hand to pass. On the other hand, there is a letok. The birdhouse was hung on the buildings on a nail, with the flat side against the wall. The big hole was, of course, not for a nail. Birdhouses, it turns out, were not hung up at all to protect the starlings, but, on the contrary, to use the chicks as food as soon as they grew up.

Even earlier, the Novgorodians, who settled the northern lands as far as the White Sea, attracted gogol ducks in dug-out logs. In nature, they nest in hollows. They placed nest boxes on the banks of the rivers, and when the egg-laying was over, they went around the nest boxes on a boat and collected eggs. The second masonry was no longer touched. And now, in the Darwin Reserve on the Rybinsk Reservoir, gogols willingly settle in large "birdhouses" made of planks. Of course, no one takes away the clutches from them. And in Moscow, gogols nest on some ponds of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements and the Zoo. It would be very simple to revive the old custom for them - to hang nest boxes. Then it would be possible to breed these beautiful little diving ducks in the capital.

Well, the birdhouse itself - a wooden bird house made of boards - first appeared in Russia too. In the old days, birdhouses were real works of art. On a segment of a log with a cavity in the center, figures of people were cut out and painted. A semblance of a teremk with a gable roof and a balcony decorated with carvings was erected from the boards. The birds did not need this, but people are pleased. Interesting old birdhouses are kept in the collections of the Historical Museum in Moscow and the Toy Museum in Zagorsk. Already the very laboriousness of manufacturing spoke about the love with which people treated this business and the inhabitants of the houses - starlings.

Professor G. P. Dementyev wrote that "apparently, it was the rural population of Russia that first had the idea of ​​protecting birds for ethical and aesthetic reasons."

In our time, this glorious Russian custom is not only not forgotten, but also spread to cities. In the districts of Moscow new buildings, there are many birdhouses on the trees, and where they are not there - on the balconies. These new settlers "for good luck" invite starlings to settle nearby.

The German scientist Hennicke, in the large "Manual on Attracting Birds" published in 1912, attributes the "invention" of the birdhouse to the German zoologist G. Ch. Gloger. It is appropriate to quote a few lines on this occasion from the minutes of the meeting of the Committee for the Acclimatization of Animals on February 14, 1857 in Russia. The scientific secretary of the committee, A. P. Bogdanov, sent from Berlin "six artificial nests invented by the famous G. Ch. Gloger." What kind of artificial nests were they invented? The Action Report of the same Committee says: "He (Gloger) came up with the idea of ​​arranging artificial nests for these birds, something like our birdhouses." From these records it is clear that at this time birdhouses were not new to us, and Gloger's nests were arranged like them. What is the scientist's merit? Firstly, in the fact that Gloger was the first to suggest making nests of different sizes, designed not only for starlings, but also for other birds, and secondly, and this is the main thing, that it was proposed to attract birds, primarily for economic purposes to protect plants from insects.

In 1898, a book by Baron Hans von Berlepsch, "The General Protection of Birds", was published, which was translated into almost all European languages. At his estate "Zesbach" Berlepsch tested models of drilled nest boxes for birds of different sizes. The Scheide factory began mass production of these nests. The book was reprinted many times, its role in the propaganda of birds and their attraction was enormous.

1. Types of birdhouses.

Throughout the history of birdhouses, people have created more than fifty types of bird houses. These types of birdhouses differ depending on the device and placement. So, there are open and ground nesting, ordinary and combined birdhouses, nest boxes (logs hollowed out from the inside), barrels (houses with convex walls), sheds (houses with inlaid walls and hipped roofs). In addition, they are often divided into groups by the name of the residents: birdhouses, titmouses, flycatchers, wagtails and others. All of these bird dwellings differ in size, area, depth and some features characteristic of a particular breed of bird. But all of them represent an artificial nesting place for small birds, mainly nesting in hollows.

1. Design and placement of birdhouses.

The birdhouse is traditionally made in the form of a wooden house with a round or rectangular entrance. The height is usually 30-40 cm, the size of the bottom is about 14 cm, the diameter of the notch is about 5 cm.The cover should be made removable so that you can check the nesting site, and also clean it at the end of the nesting season - nesting material should be removed from the nesting site (Starlings, tits, and nuthatches can do this on their own, but some other birds cannot). Placed on a tree in a forest, park, balcony, wall or under the roof of the house.

1. Appointment of birdhouses.

Birdhouses and feeders can be installed for several purposes:

Attracting birds to observe their nesting for research purposes or just for fun;

Attracting birds to destroy agricultural pests;

Raising love for nature and work in children.

2.5. Interesting facts from the life of starlings.

Appearance. A short-tailed, brilliant black bird the size ofthrush , in autumn and winter in frequent white specks. By spring, the light tips of the feathers wear off and the specks disappear. Young birds are dark brown with a light throat. A typical running bird, in contrast to, for example, thrushes, which move by jumping. The flight is straightforward.

Habitat. Usually in woodlands, steppes and settlements.

Prefers open cultural landscapes with tree plantations, parks, gardens.
Food. It feeds on various animal and plant foods, at the end of the nesting period it gathers in large dense flocks.
Nesting places.It nests mainly near human dwellings, occupying specially made and hung birdhouses for starlings, niches under balconies and roofs, etc. Less often it settles in hollow trees near settlements.

Location of the nest... The nest accommodates both singly and in small groups. When nesting in the forest, the starling usually occupies the hollows of the Great Spotted Woodpecker, as well as other medium-sized woodpeckers.
Building material of the nest. The hollow is abundantly lined with soft stalks of grasses, sometimes with straw and a large number of feathers of domestic and wild birds.
Features of masonry. In a clutch, there are from 5 to 8, more often 5-6 eggs of a bright blue color without a pattern. Egg sizes: (27-32) x (20-23) mm.
Breeding dates... Common starlings arrive early, usually in March, when thawed patches appear in the fields, and immediately take up nesting places. In April, eggs appear in the nests. Incubation lasts 13-15 days, Chicks then feed in the nest for three weeks. Their departure takes place in the second half of May - the first half of June. In birds, a second clutch is sometimes observed.
After the chicks leave, the starlings flock and soon (in July - August) leave the nesting area, moving south and southwest to places with a large amount of food. Here they remain until the autumn departure for wintering. And only small groups continue to keep until autumn in the breeding grounds.

Departure takes place in September - October.
Spreading.Distributed from the western borders of Russia to Transbaikalia. Flies to the south of the Far East. In the north of the range, it reaches the northern taiga through agricultural areas.
Wintering. Winters mainly in North Africa, India, Southern Europe. It is found in the Caucasus and in some places in large cities, and often flocks of starlings winter in the same squares and parks from year to year.

2.6. Starlings are protectors of gardens and vegetable gardens.

Economic value. Despite some harmful activities in the fall (in vineyards and orchards), the starling is undoubtedly a very useful bird that should be protected and attracted in every possible way. He deserves this as a fighter of various garden caterpillars and slugs, dipterans and their larvae (flies, gadflies, horseflies) that harm domestic animals, May beetles, and in the steppe areas - various locusts. For this, he can be forgiven for attacks on cherries, grapes and other berries in the fall. Considering the benefits of the starling in agriculture, it was settled in North America, where it multiplied and spread strongly.

2.7. Practical work.

Materials (edit)

• Non-planed dry boards, preferably hardwood (birch, aspen, alder, etc.). It is impossible to use compressed wood (chipboard, fiberboard, etc.), it is toxic and short-lived
• Nails 4-4.5 cm long
• Odorless gray or red paint

Tools

• Hacksaw for wood
• A hammer
• Drill with feather drill
• Narrow chisel
• Pencil and ruler
• Brush

Birdhouse dimensions

• Boards should be at least 2 cm thick so that the walls retain heat well
• Optimal inner size: square bottom 10-15 cm.Natural hollow 12x12 cm, so focus on these dimensions
• Tap hole (hole) diameter 4.5-5 cm
• Distance from the taphole to the bottom 15-20 cm
• The height of the birdhouse is 30-35 cm.

• It is better to make the entrance cylindrical, not rectangular.
• The structure should not injure the birds - make the roof removable to care for the birdhouse
• The perch is not required, the starlings do not need it
• The inner walls should not be planed, since it is very difficult to get out on a smooth surface. If the boards are smooth, apply horizontal notches on the front wall with a chisel before assembling.
• It is better not to paint the birdhouse, the smell and bright color frightens off the birds, but if you really want to, then paint it with gray or red odorless paint

The upper visor should protrude at least 5 cm to protect the entrance from the elements

2.8. Economic calculations.

2.9 ... Manufacturing stages.

We need to make 7 parts of the following dimensions:

From a board 20cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 3 pieces (front and back walls and the upper part of the birdhouse lid)

From a board 15cm wide - parts 25-30cm long - 2 pieces (side walls of the birdhouse)

From a board 15 cm wide - parts 15-16 cm long - 2 pieces (the bottom of the birdhouse and the bottom of the lid).

The length of these parts = 20 cm - (2 x the thickness of the boards).

1.Use a square and a pencil to measure the birdhouse detail.

2. Then we cut off the part using a hacksaw.

The marking and sawing off of the parts must be done sequentially so that the paired parts are the same size.

3. Drill a hole in the front wall - a tap hole with a diameter of 50 mm. The starling will enter its house through this opening.

To prevent the cat's paw from reaching the nest with chicks, the hole must be located at a distance of 5 cm from the upper edge.

4. In the front and rear walls of the birdhouse, we drill holes with a diameter of 4 mm for self-tapping screws along the entire perimeter of the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the edge. 2-3 holes per side are enough.

Birdhouse assembly procedure:

1. Screw the front wall to the right side wall of the birdhouse.

2. Similarly, screw the back wall to the left side wall of the birdhouse.

3. The resulting two parts are connected with screws to each other, be sure to try on the bottom of the birdhouse and the bottom of the lid.

4. Install in its place and fix the bottom of the birdhouse to all four walls.

5. Connect the bottom of the birdhouse lid to the top. The center of the lower part should be offset from the center of the upper part by 5 cm to form a visor.

6. Insert the cover into the birdhouse body and fix it from the sides.

Since the birdhouse needs to be cleaned of old nests once every 2 years, it is enough to fix the lid with only two self-tapping screws.

3. Technological map.

1. Conclusion.

After finishing my project, I can say that I want to continue helping the birds. My classmates and I decided to start a new project "Bird Feeder", which will serve:

• To actively involve each child in the life of the local society - designing history - I create history with my life!
• Creation of conditions for the formation of valuable meanings of life.

I believe that I have fulfilled my goal, and the project turned out to be good, informative and interesting, and most importantly - useful!

4. References.

1. Golovanova E.N. Birds over the fields. - L. 19892. Dmitriev Yu.D. Neighbors on the planet. Birds. - M. 19983. Lyulin A.S. Reserve. - M. 1983

4. Mikheev A.V. Field guide to bird nests. - M. 1975

5. Textbook "Technology" (boys) grade 5. M. 2013

6. Brave VM Bird Atlas. - M. 2006

Preview:

Statement of the problem. To make a model of a tank with your own hands out of wood, which would not be expensive and would look very beautiful, so that my collection would be complete and include a lot of equipment.

Information about the project. The model serves as a decorative item. The model is designed to decorate a room. The product consists of 7 parts: caterpillars 22x2.5x5 (2 pcs.) Hull 20x7x3.5 (1 pc) tower 8x6x5 (1 pc) trunk 13x1 (1 pc) hatch 2x2 (1 pc) Approximate production time 4 hours. The product can be varnished, painted

Product drawing.

Sketch of the product Side view of the product, top view of the product, front view of the product

caterpillars 22x2.5x5 (2 pcs.) body 20x7x3.5 (1 pc.) tower 8x6x5 (1 pc.) trunk 13x1 (1 pc.) hatch 2x2 (1 pc.)

Alternative options.

Logistics support. Materials: Bar 40x10x15 (2 pcs.) Rail 13x1. Tools: Jigsaw, saw, file, sandpaper.

Manufacturing technology. 1.Saw out caterpillars-22x2.5x5 (2pcs.) 2.Saw out the body-20x7x3.5 (1pc.) 3.Saw out the tower-8x6x5 (1pc.) 4.Saw out the trunk-13x1 (1pc.) 5.Saw the hatch-2x2x1 (1pc.) 6. Cut a hole 0.5 in the tower. 7.Glue the tracks to the body. 8.Glue the muzzle to the tower. 9.Glue the hatch to the tower. 10.Glue the tower and the hull.

Economic justification. 1. Material costs. Bar 40x10x15 (2 pcs.) - 100 rubles. Rail 13x1-50 rubles. PVA glue 20gr. - 30 rubles (spent 20gr.) Sandpaper - 15cmx15cm-10rub Varnish 20ml - 15 rubles 2. Labor costs. An hour of work of a student - 10 rubles. Spent 4 hours. -4x10 = 40 rubles. 3. Cost price. Material costs + Labor costs. 100 rubles + 50 rubles + 30 rubles + 10 rubles + 40 rubles + 15 rubles = 365 rubles In the store, model tanks cost 900-1000 rubles.

Thank you for your attention.

The first birdhouses in Europe began to be made in the 16th century. At the same time, not only practical (at this time, the benefits brought by starlings as exterminators of harmful insects were already known), but also aesthetic and religious and cult goals were pursued. About 300 years ago, at the time of Peter I, there was a fashion to make houses for birds and hang them near people's homes. This tradition has long been firmly rooted in Russia. There have been preserved specimens of birdhouses made by Vologda peasants in the late 18th - early 19th centuries. In the middle of the XX century. hanging bird houses in order to attract birds to the centers of mass reproduction of pests has become especially widespread. Today, people hang houses and bird feeders on their private plots, in parks and even outside the window of an apartment. Birds chirp merrily, bustle and give a good mood. And for summer residents and gardeners, ordinary tits and sparrows also help fight pests of green spaces. In addition to inconspicuous birdhouses, there are, on the contrary, real works of art: decorative birdhouses that adorn the estate or garden.