Homophones. Presentation on the topic "homonyms" Presentation on the topic of homonyms

Homonyms RESEARCH PROJECT IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Completed by: student of GBPOU MO "PPTOT" Vasilyeva Natalya Group Supervisor: Ovsyannikova Tatyana Viktorovna teacher of Russian language and literature

Purpose of work: To collect information and study the meaning of homonyms in Russian. Based on the analysis of linguistic literature, give an idea of ​​how the phenomenon of homonymy is illuminated in modern science. Guided by this goal, I have the following tasks: - to analyze different approaches in defining homonymy; - to get acquainted with the history of coverage of this issue; - to create didactic material for the lessons of the Russian language on homonymy.

Introduction Relevance of the topic: There are many words in our language that are spelled and sound the same. Such words are called homonyms. I was very interested in this topic. I did this work in order to understand what homonyms are, how they differ and what problems arise when using them. This work examines the phenomenon of homonymy. This topic has been covered by many linguistic scientists for a very long time. It was examined by V.V. Vinogradov, M.I.Fomina, R.N.Popov, O.S.Akhmanova, A.T. Lipatov, L.I.Rakhmanova and others. , differentiation of homonymy and polysemy, homonymy and related phenomena. Based on the foregoing, I believe that until the polemic on this issue stops, it should be considered relevant.

The emergence of homonyms Homonymy is a historical phenomenon, therefore it is customary to talk about homonymous words of a certain period in the development of the language. Words that are perceived at the present stage as homonyms may not have been in the past. The emergence of homonyms is due to various reasons. 1. Homonyms may appear as a result of the disintegration of polysemy Example-braid "1" riverbank ", braid" 2 "name of the hairstyle", braid 3 "tool of labor" o Polysemy - polysemy - polysemy, the presence of one word or sign of several meanings. 2. Many homonyms appeared in the Russian language as a result of phonetic changes in the process of historical development. Example - I am flying from flying (written with the letter "is") and flying from being cured (written with the letter "yat"); three (name of the number) and three imperative form of the verb to rub (three).

3. Homonymous words also arise as a result of the action of the extralinguistic factor: an accidental coincidence of words originally Russian and foreign languages ​​Example - "marriage" 1 (Russian) "marriage" and marriage "2 (German)" disadvantage ", Words borrowed from one or different languages. Example - checkmate 1 (pers.) "Chess piece, checkmate 2 (eng.)" Wicker mat ", checkmate 3 (ger.)" Dull, pale ". Such homonyms are classified as lexical. 4. coincide in the sound and spelling of a word as a result of various derivational processes (due to the homonymy of affixes and / or stems). For example - the noun "fence" 1, formed from the verb to take away, "fence" 2 "fence. Such homonyms are called derivational. In the modern Russian language, a significant number of homonyms are recorded, and with the development of the language, their number is increasing.

Homonyms in Russian In the lexical system of the Russian language there are words that sound and are spelled the same, but have completely different meanings. Such words are called lexical homonyms, and the sound and grammatical coincidence of linguistic units that are semantically unrelated to each other is called homonymy. Example- (Gr. - homos - the same + onyma - name). For example, key 1 - "spring" (cold key), key 2 - "metal rod of a special shape for unlocking and locking the lock" and key 3 - musical.

Unlike polysemantic words, lexical homonyms do not have a subject-semantic connection, that is, they do not have common semantic features by which one could judge the polysemantism of one word. There are various forms of lexical homonymy, as well as phenomena adjacent to it at other levels of language (phonetic and morphological). Full lexical homonymy is the coincidence of words belonging to one part of speech, in all forms. Example- “outfit” 1- clothes, "Outfit" 2 - "order", they do not differ in pronunciation and spelling, they are the same in all case forms of the singular and plural.

By structure, homonyms can be divided into root and derivative. 1) have a non-derivative basis: peace - "the absence of war, consent." Example- (peace has come) and peace - "universe" (the world is filled with sounds); marriage is "a defect in production" (factory marriage) and marriage is "matrimony" (happy marriage). 2) Arose as a result of word formation, and therefore have a derived basis: Example-assembly 1 - “action on the verb to collect” (assembly of the structure) and assembly 2 - “small fold in clothes” (assembly on a skirt); combatant - "related to actions in the ranks (drill song) and drill -" fit for buildings "(drill forest). 7

Types of homonyms Lexical homonyms are grouped into rows, each of which includes at least two words belonging to one part of speech. There are two types of lexical homonyms: complete and incomplete (partial). 1. Full homonyms are words that coincide in all grammatical forms. These words in all cases will appear in the same forms, and the plural forms will also be the same. Example - Shop (1) "bench" and Shop (2) "small premises for trade ". 2. Incomplete homonyms are words belonging to the same part of speech, in which the system of grammatical forms does not completely coincide. So, from the first word are formed: singular and plural forms, from the second word it is impossible to form a plural form. For example - Shelf "device for storing something", can be in the form of a unit. and many others. h (shelf shelf, many shelves); The "weed control" shelf (a verbal noun derived from the verb weed) exists only in the singular form. h

And Both complete and partial (incomplete) homonyms are studied by lexicology. They should be distinguished from phenomena that lexicology does not study, although it mentions them, comparing them with homonyms. In other words, other types of homonyms should be distinguished from lexical homonyms, both full and partial. In modern Russian, these types of homonymy are presented as follows: Paronyms (from the Greek. Para about and Onyma name) are words that are similar in sound and morphemic structure, but have different meanings. Usually, paronyms are words formed from the same root, but with the help of different affixes (suffixes, prefixes). The similarity of paronymic words in sound and the common root in them is the main source of errors in their use. Paronyms are sometimes mixed in speech, although they denote different phenomena. For example, they say “put on a coat” instead of “put on a coat”. Meanwhile, the verbs to put on and to put on differ in meaning: they put on what, and who is dressed (put on a coat, a hat, mittens to dress a child, a sick person). This example shows that paronyms differ not only in meaning, but also in compatibility with other words. EXAMPLE Put on (coat yourself) dress (child); Economical (person); Economical (mode); Economic (crisis); Escalator (movable ladder); excavator (earth-moving machine); Zdravitsa (toast, congratulations) health resort (sanatorium).

L Homophones are different words that sound the same, but differ in writing For example, fruit and raft, onion and meadow, code and cat, genus and mouth, ink and ink (phonetic homonymy) different word forms / phrases that coincided in sound with different lexical meanings can occur when creating rhymed text. Omoforms are words that sound the same only in some grammatical forms and at the same time most often belong to different parts of speech. One of the varieties of homonyms (morphological homonyms) Example - I am flying "to treat someone" - I am flying "to fly" Homographs are words that coincide in spelling, but differ in pronunciation (in Russian, most often due to differences in stress) (graphic homonymy) Example - fall - fall, circles - circles.

The use of homonyms in speech The functioning of homonyms in speech, as a rule, does not cause any particular difficulties. First of all, the context clarifies the semantic structure of such words, excluding inappropriate interpretation. In addition, homonyms belong to different spheres of use and have an ambiguous expressive coloring, different functional attribution, as a rule, do not collide in speech. Nevertheless, it is possible to combine the meanings of homonymous words. However, in this case, it is due to a certain stylistic goal, and this goal is different in different styles of speech. The deliberate clash of homonyms has always been an indispensable means of witty wordplay. Even Kozma Prutkov wrote: "It's nice to caress a child or a dog, but the most important thing is to rinse your mouth." Similar homophones are played up in folk jokes: "I am in the forest, and he climbed, I am by the elm, and he is stuck." V. Dahl

The use of homonyms Often there is a collision, even a combination in one text of both homonyms and words that accidentally coincide in sound (homophones, homoforms, etc.) it is interesting to compare the intentional collision of partial homonyms is - "to be, to be" and is - "to accept food ”, translated by S.Ya. Marshak of Robert Burns' "Healthy Toast": Those who have what they have - they sometimes cannot eat, And others can eat, but they sit without bread, And we have what we have, but at the same time we have what to eat, we have to thank the sky! Combines consonant words, a writer, a poet, a publicist, as it were, brings together those objects, concepts that are designated by them. This technique is a means of actualization; it fulfills the task of communicating additional artistic information.

The use of homonyms The use of homonymous rhymes is all the more justified in humorous genres, for example, in epigrams. Don't flaunt it, buddy, that you have an abundance of topics. We know the works where the best themes died. (D. Minaev) Or homonymous accords are the main material for a pun. That the people are awakening, Now they are giving them statutes, Shouting: "Close your mouth!" And instantly they put a seal on their mouth. (KM Fofanov) Successful juxtaposition of consonant forms, their playing around in speech arouses keen interest.

About Homonyms in Literature We have peculiar cases of using homonyms in the broad sense of the word in Gogol, who sometimes used homonyms when giving names to his heroes. So, for example, in the "Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich", among the guests who attended the "assembly", where an attempt was made to reconcile Yves. Yves. with Yves. Nick., Named: "not that Ivan Ivanovich, but another" and "our Ivan Ivanovich." A few lines later, Gogol again mentions this “other” Yves. Ivanovich, but to the repeated expression: “not that Yves. Iv., And the other ”adds:“ whose eye is crooked ”. And now it is curious what exactly this crooked Eve. Yves. Gogol makes one ask why Yves is not at the "assembly". Nick., And it is the curve of Yves. Yves. makes an offer to reconcile Eve. Yves. with Yves. Nick. The artistic effect of this homonymous play is, of course, obvious, and it is completely in the spirit of that "punning circle" with the help of which Gogol in his "Tale" portrayed human vulgarity. We also have an approximation to the homonym in the names “Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky”. Here, the incompleteness of the homonymous consonance of surnames that differ by only one letter is a very vivid poetic device. Indeed, in essence, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky are one image, they are synonymous, and this inner synonymy, the sameness, gets a special comic coloring from the fact that their names are different from one another, in just one letter.

Homonyms in literature The contrast between the same sound and different meanings of homonyms, which gives a comic character to the concepts denoted by homonyms in a pun, in Bryusov, on the contrary, leads to a deepening of their content. And due to the fact that this contrast is enhanced by the very position of homonyms as rhymes, the deepening becomes directly obvious. Indeed, the homonyms "shore" from "protect" and "shore" from "shore", consonantly opposed to one another, mutually enrich: the concrete "shore" expands its content, receiving an abstract shade from the word "shore" (to preserve), and back abstract "Protect" a particular shade from the "shore". Something similar in the rhymes of the homonyms "forever" and "forever". The homonym, therefore, performs here one of the essential functions of poetic thinking, namely, it eliminates the gap between the abstract and the concrete.

The meaning of homonyms Currently, the category of so-called "functional homonyms" is being actively explored. These include homonyms that appear as a result of their specialization in a certain syntactic function, and this entails changes in their semantics and grammatical features. Different ways of emergence of homonyms determine the difference in their types in a given period of language development, in a given state. The processes that lead to the coincidence of the outer shells of whole words and individual forms of a word also turn out to be completely different. Therefore, one should carefully distinguish between homonyms proper, that is, such words for which the entire system of forms coincides, and homoforms that arise when the sound composition of individual word forms coincides.

The question arises: does not homonymy hinder the correct understanding of speech? After all, homonyms are sometimes called "sick" words, since homonymy reduces the informative function of a word: different meanings get the same form of expression; In support of the negative assessment of the phenomenon of homonymy, the idea is also expressed that the very development of the language often leads to its elimination. For example, at the beginning of the 19th century. in linguistics, the term "dialectical" was used, meaning "related to the dialect" (local dialect). But with the spread of the concept of "dialectical materialism" the word dialectical began to be used more often in a different meaning - "related to dialectics." And then the linguistic term fell out of use, giving way to another - "dialect" - "associated with the dialect; related to the dialect." The meaning of homonyms

There are many examples of such opposition of the language itself to the phenomenon of homonymy. So, the adjectives eternal (from "eyelid"), wine (from "wine") disappeared from the dictionary; the latter is supplanted by a related word - guilty. However, this process is far from active and not consistent in the lexical system of the modern Russian language. Along with the facts of the elimination of homonymy, the emergence of new homonyms, homophones and homographs is observed, which has a certain linguistic value and therefore cannot be regarded as a negative phenomenon, to which the language itself "poses obstacles."

О Meaning of homonyms First of all, the context clarifies the semantic structure of such words, excluding inappropriate interpretation. In addition, homonyms belonging to different spheres of use and having an ambiguous expression color, different functional attribution, as a rule, do not collide in speech. For example, "paths do not cross" of such homonyms as bar "-" type of restaurant "and bar" - "unit of atmospheric pressure"; lion "-" beast "and lion" - "monetary unit in Bulgaria"; abuse "-" abuse "and abuse" - "war" (obsolete) and so on. At the same time, the deliberate clash of homonyms has always been an indispensable means of witty wordplay. Kozma Prutkov wrote: It's nice to caress a child or a dog, but the most important thing is to rinse your mouth. Similar homophones are played out in folk jokes: I went into the forest, and he climbed, I was by the elm, and he got stuck (Dal); Not in the rain - let's stand and wait. - Poets use homonymic rhymes, which often make the poem especially entertaining: You puppies! Follow me! You will have a roll, But look, do not chat, Or else I will beat you! (NS.). The snow said: There will be a river of pigeons, It will flow, shaking a flock of Reflected pigeons (Goat.).

Oh However ... You must be careful in the use of words, since in some cases homonymy (and related phenomena) can lead to a distortion of the meaning of the statement, inappropriate comic. For example, when commenting on a football match: “Today the players left the field without goals”; "On the TV screen, you see Gavrilov in a beautiful combination." Even professional writers and great writers are not immune from such speech errors: Did you hear ... (P.); I lay motionless with lead in my chest (L.); Is it possible to be indifferent to evil (modern translation from Kazakh). Puns are most often caused by homophony. 17

Conclusion In this work, we examined the phenomenon of homonymy in the modern Russian language at this stage of development, the types of homonymy, the issues of the appearance and use of homonyms in speech. Homonymy is a universal linguistic category; it arises naturally as a result of the action of various linguistic laws. Usually, speakers do not notice it, unless certain situations of ambiguity arise as a result of an unsuccessful form of expression. Most often, homonyms appear as a result of word formation processes and semantic disintegration of polysemy. Also, homonymy can arise as a result of sound changes. Perhaps the appearance of homonyms as a result of foreign language borrowing.

References Vinogradov V.V. Russian language. M., 1972 Deykina A.D. Questions of the Russian language. M., 1998 Nikitin O.V. Slavic linguistics. M., 2007 Norman B. Yu. Game on the edges of the language. M., 2006 Solganik G. Ya. Text stylistics. M., 2001. Dictionary of homonyms. M., 2010 Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M., 2004. Chevtaeva I. B., Shampur V. P., Ptashkina V. N. Formation of key competencies of schoolchildren. Volgograd, 2009 Shmelev D.N. Modern Russian language

THE PURPOSE OF THE LESSON: to form the concept of homonyms.

TASKS:

• development of the ability to formulate the definition of concepts;
• to form the skills of working with dictionaries;
• to teach to distinguish homonyms and ambiguous words;
• development of communication skills;
• developing the ability to formulate and prove your point of view;
• development of skills to analyze, compare, generalize;
• fostering interest and respect for the native language.

EQUIPMENT:

• PROJECTOR
• COMPUTER
• INTERPRETING DICTIONARIES

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Word of the teacher. Linguistic tale.

Today, guys, we will make an exciting journey with you to a country that you will not find on any geographical map, and we will learn the secrets of the inhabitants of this state ... (Presentation, slide number 1)

In the lexical kingdom - in the linguistic state there lived a king Lexicon, and there were many subjects in his submission: rich Synonyms, and always arguing Antonyms, and the ancient genus of Historicisms, and a respected family of Phraseologisms, even foreigners took root in the kingdom of the Lexicon, and their surname gave Russian - Borrowed.

And then one day two boys with the same face appeared at the royal gates, and their names were the same - Val and Val, but it is not known what kind of tribe they are. They began to call them Val-1 and Val-2. Istorizms wanted to adopt them, but the brothers were very young, they did not take root among the Polysemous, the characters of the young men were too different.

The boys grew up by leaps and bounds, and it became obvious that the children were only outwardly the same, but completely different in their liking: Val-1 was fierce, naughty, like a sea wave; Val-2 is a hard-working, businesslike, inventor.

And the Lexicon commanded by his royal will that Val-1 and Val-2 would become the founders of a new family by the name of Omonimi, which in Greek means "the same names."

Homonyms began to live and live in the lexical kingdom and hum a song about themselves:

We are words from Russian speech,
From the native language!
They write us the same way,
They hear us equally.
But not only looks are important,
So take your time
Haste is not always needed
You get to the meaning.
Like a filling
The meaning is hidden in the middle
Similar persons in spite of
We are far away in meaning.

Questions:

What lexical terms did we meet in the fairy tale? (Students name polysemantic words, antonyms, synonyms, lexicon, phraseological units, give definitions and give examples)

What was the name of the new "inhabitants" in the Vocabulary kingdom and why? (Homonyms are the same names)

Students write down the definition of homonyms in reference books - words that are the same in

spelling, but completely different in lexical meaning. (Presentation, slide number 2)

Name a couple of homonyms from a fairy tale. (Val-1 and Val-2)

2. Work in groups with explanatory dictionaries

(Ozhegova, Dalia, school explanatory dictionary in the textbook). Students are invited to analyze the vocabulary entries "VAL": How are they formatted? Is there something in common in the lexical meaning of homonyms? (Students will make a "discovery" that there is "Val-3") (Presentation, slide number 3)

CONCLUSION: Each homonym has a separate dictionary entry, each homonym is denoted

digit, in the lexical meaning of homonyms there is nothing in common.

3. Task number 1. Find homonyms

(Presentation, slide number 4)

• bitter bow - hunter's bow;
• underground key - the key to the front door;
• rowan brush - paint brush:
• mink fur coat - mouse mink

Which pair is superfluous? Why? (The word "BRUSH" is ambiguous): there is a common lexical meaning - check it in the dictionary.

Drawing up a scheme "Similarities-differences of homonyms and polysemous words" (slide number 5)

4. Task number 2. Write down the sentences. Determine if they have homonyms.

(slides 6,7)

Orange - fetus citrus tree. Sailed along the river raft... I love bake pies. The house was shifted bake. To drown ship. You need a stove drown... I flying throat. I flying by plane.

Conclusion: In the Russian language there are full homonyms and partial (homophones, homoforms, homographs) (slide number 8)

5. Task number 3. Determine the type of homonymy, make sentences. ( slide number 9)

Forest - climbed, scythe - scythe, in a hurry - write off, force - force, peel off - lick, glass - glass,

Flour is flour.

6. Guess the homonym! Funny riddles. ( slide number 10,11,12)

Riddle 1

Really, my hair is a miracle!
Braiding me is not bad.
In the meadow with a sharp hiss
I manage haymaking.
I go into the water in a strip -
Narrow, grayish and flat. (braid)

Riddle 2

I am a collection of maps; from stress
Depends on my two values;
If you want, I will turn into a name
Shiny, silky fabric i. (atlas)

Riddle 3

I am a herbaceous plant
With a flower of various colors,
But rearrange the stress
And I turn into candy. (iris)

7. Lesson summary.

Continue the sentence: "Homonyms are ..."

8. Homework (one optional): ( slide number 13)

Find homonyms in the explanatory dictionary, make sentences;

Find examples of homophones, homoforms, homographs, write down sentences.

Homophones are words that have the same sound, but differ in writing ("fruit" and "raft", "threshold" and "vice", "pillar" and "pillar"). Homophones can arise, in particular, due to the ability of different phonemes to coincide when pronouncing in one variant.

I will read you a letter from an illiterate boy: Dear mother! I live well. At first I was bored, then I offended all the guys I knew, and it became fun for me. One day my grandmother gave me a raft, and I ate it. In the morning Mishka and I helped my grandmother: we washed the floor and eaten away the door.

Conclusions In oral speech, homophones create confusion or ambiguity. In oral speech, homophones create confusion or ambiguity in the expression of thoughts. You need to learn to express your thoughts so that the interlocutor clearly understands what is at stake. You need to learn to express your thoughts so that the interlocutor clearly understands what is at stake. In the letter, it is imperative to know and apply spelling rules, otherwise you get a text without meaning or a distortion of meaning. In the letter, it is imperative to know and apply spelling rules, otherwise you get a text without meaning or a distortion of meaning.

Sources of information: Kolesov V.V. History of the Russian language in stories: A book for high school students - 2nd ed., Revised. - M.: Education, 1982; V.A. Krutetskaya, Reports and messages on the Russian language for primary schoolchildren, SP., 2007; Third edition "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", M., 1978; Reformatsky A.A., Introduction to linguistics, 4th ed., M., 1967; Rosenthal D.E., Golub I.B., Telenkova M.A., Modern Russian language, M.: Airis-Press, 2002

"Lexicology" - Information about the word. Lexicography. Selection of synonyms. The meanings of the word in the dictionary. Lexicology. Types of linguistic dictionaries. Dictionaries are divided into encyclopedic and linguistic. What lexicography does. What are the information carriers. Explanatory dictionaries. Types of word interpretations. Linguistic dictionaries contain information about words.

"Features of vocabulary" - Homonyms. Vocabulary from the point of view of semantic meaning. Read the sentences. Direct and figurative meaning of words. Vocabulary. Read the sentences. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms. Lexicon and phraseology. Synonyms. Complete tasks. Antonyms. Find synonyms. Unambiguous and ambiguous words.

"Vocabulary of the text" - Vocabulary of the Russian language from the point of view of the sphere of use. Dialectisms in the text. Topic. Linguistic terms. Language is the history of a people. Fedor Abramov. Lexical characteristics of words. Key. The lips and lips are not the same, and the eyes are not gazes at all! Some people have access to depth, others - deep cymbals.

"Russian vocabulary" - Homonyms. Obsolete words. Section "Vocabulary". Find an extra word. Find homonyms in poems. Fabulous shape-shifters. Words in a figurative sense. Antonyms in proverbs and sayings. Knowledge on the topic "Vocabulary". Couples that are opposite in meaning. Phraseologisms with antonyms. Vocabulary. Guess the heroes.

"Vocabulary and phraseology" - Omoforms. Homographs. Stylistic categories of Russian vocabulary. Paronyms. Historicisms. Trails and stylistic figures. Homophones. Phraseology. Cold soup. Material on vocabulary and phraseology. Information. Homonyms. Common vocabulary. Dialectisms. Replace the spoken word. Sections of lexical units.

"Vocabulary of the modern Russian language" - Crossword questions. Find phraseological units. Road. Signs of Old Slavicism. Borrowed words. The origin of phraseological units. Signs of phraseological units. Find loan words. Borrowed morphemes. A collection of words. Lexicon in terms of origin. Speech. Russian correspondences. Find synonyms.

Slide 1

Encyclopedia of the word-term Homonym Completed by: Glebova Arina, student of 9 "B" class MUSOSH №3, Petrovsk Supervisor: Fokina Galina Vasilievna, teacher of Russian language and literature.

Slide 2

The lexical meaning of Omonima is different in meaning, but the same in writing units of the language (words, morphemes, etc.).
The girl has a braid on her head
Scythe - a tool for mowing

Slide 3

Where did this word come from? Let's get rid of the Greek. ὁμός is the same and ονομα is a name. The term was introduced by Aristotle.

Slide 4

Homonyms are: 1. Full (absolute) homonyms 2. Partial homonyms 3. Grammatical homonyms, or homoforms

Slide 5

Homonyms are complete (absolute) homonyms, in which the whole system of forms coincides. For example, an outfit (clothing) is an outfit (order), a horn (blacksmith's) is a horn (wind instrument).
Horn (blacksmith)
Horn (wind instrument)

Slide 6

Homonyms are partial Homonyms, in which not all forms coincide. For example, weasel (animal) and weasel (expression of tenderness) diverge in the form of genitive plural (weasel - weasel).

Slide 7

Homonyms are grammatical, or homoforms of the Word, coinciding only in separate Forms (the same part of speech or different parts of speech). For example, the number three and the verb three coincide only in two forms (to three - we are three).

Slide 8

Homomorphisms Along with homonyms, that is, homonymous words, there are homomorphisms, that is, homonymous morphemes, in other words, parts of words (prefixes, suffixes, roots, endings) that coincide, but have different meanings.

Slide 9

Homonyms, homophones and homographs The following definitions are most common: * Homonyms are words that coincide in sound and spelling, but different in meaning. * Homophones - words that sound the same, but different in spelling and meaning. * Homographs are words that coincide in spelling, but different in sound and meaning. But there are other definitions: * Homonyms - words that are the same sound or spelling, but different in meaning. (In this case, homophones and homographs are considered special cases of homonyms, and they are called, respectively, "phonetic homonyms" and "graphic homonyms." (That is, the spelling is not important.) * Homographs are words that coincide in spelling, but different in meaning. (That is, the sound is not important.)

Slide 10

Examples * The scythe is on the girl's head, the scythe is the mowing tool, the scythe is the geographical name (Curonian Spit). * Key - musical sign, key - from the door, key - natural source of water, key - wrench, key - registration number entered to install paid software. * A butterfly is an insect, a tie is a bow tie, a knife is a butterfly. * Onion is a plant, onion is a weapon. * Pen - writing (gel, ballpoint, etc.), pen - human hand, doorknob. * Brush - a bunch of ropes, brush - hands, brush - berries (rowan brush), brush - brush (for drawing). * Lynx - running, lynx - animal. * Three - horses, three - mark. * Peace is the universe, peace is the absence of war, hostility. * Messenger - giving a message, a signal about something, messenger - in the army: a private for parcels on business. * A beam is a part of a structure, a beam resting on something at several points (on walls, abutments), a beam is a long ravine; beam and beam are lexical homonyms. * Kiwi is a fruit, kiwi is a bird.