Presentation on Twardowski theme. Section of the presentation on the topic of Tward. No matter how bitter

The life and work of A.T. Tvardovsky

• A. T. Tvardovsky was born on June 8 (21), 1910 on the Zagorye farm near the village of Seltso (now in the Smolensk region) in the family of the village blacksmith Trifon Gordeevich Tvardovsky and Maria Mitrofanov. Brothers - Konstantin (1908-2002), Ivan (1914-2003), Pavel (b. 1917), Vasily (1925-1954), sisters - Anna (b. 1912) and Maria (b. 1922).

Mother of A.T. Tvardovsky Maria Mitrofanova

Father Trifon Gardeevich

Ivan and Konstantin Tvardovsky

Sister Anna

1945 A.T. Tvardovsky and Smolensk writers

The beginning of literary activity

• He began to write poetry early, at the age of 14. In 1936 his first major poem, The Country of Ant, was published. She became widely known.

N. Tikhonov, A. Tvardovsky, S. Vashentsev.

1940. Finland

Conscription and war

• In 1939 he was drafted into the Red Army, participated in the conquest of Western Belarus. With the beginning of the war with Finland, he was already in the officer's rank at the front as a war correspondent. During the Great Patriotic War he worked in front-line newspapers.

The most famous work of the writer

"Vasily Terkin" (1941-1945)

Postwar poems

In 1946 he finished the poem "House by the Road". In 1950-1960 the poem "Beyond the Distance - Distance" was written. In 1947 he published the book "Homeland and Foreign Land".

• In 1950 -1954, 1958 -1970 he was the editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir magazine.

• Wife - Maria Illarionovna Gorelova, two daughters - Olga and Valentina

• With daughter Valya
• Daughters Olga and Valentina

• In 1990, an artistic stamped envelope was published in honor of the writer.
• In Smolensk, Voronezh, Novosibirsk, Balashikha and Moscow, streets are named after Tvardovsky.
• The name of Tvardovsky was given to the Moscow school number 279.
• Aeroflot's aircraft Airbus A330-343E VQ-BEK is named in honor of A. Tvardovsky.
• In 1988, the memorial estate museum “A. T. Tvardovsky on the farm Zagorie "
• On June 22, 2013, a monument to Tvardovsky was unveiled in Moscow on Strastnoy Boulevard next to the editorial office of the Novy Mir magazine. Authors - People's Artist of Russia Vladimir Surovtsev and Honored Architect of Russia Viktor Pasenko At the same time, there was an incident: the granite of the monument was engraved "with the participation of the Ministry of Culture" with the missing second letter "t".

• In co-authorship with M. Isakovsky, A. Surkov and N. Gribachev he wrote the poem "The Word of Soviet Writers to Comrade Stalin", read at the ceremonial meeting on the occasion of the seventieth birthday of I. V. Stalin at the Bolshoi Theater on December 21, 1949.

Awards and prizes

• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1941) - for the poem "Country of Ant" (1936)
• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1946) - for the poem "Vasily Tyorkin" (1941-1945)
• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1947) - for the poem "House by the Road" (1946)
• Lenin Prize (1961) - for the poem "Beyond the Distance - Far" (1953-1960)
• USSR State Prize (1971) - for the collection “From the lyrics of these years. 1959-1967 "(1967)
• three Orders of Lenin (1939, 1960, 1967)
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1970)
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (04/30/1945)
• Order of the Patriotic War II degree (31.7.1944)
• Order of the Red Star (1940) - for participation in the war with the White Finns

3 awards

• December 18, 1971 A. Tvardovsky died after a serious illness.

Alexander Trifanovich Tvardovsky

(1910-1971)

Life and art

The purpose of the lesson:

- Get acquainted with the life and work of A.T. Tvardovsky

Your tasks:

-Create a chronological table "Life and work of A.T. Tvardovsky"

- to inspect the section of the textbook about the poem "Beyond the Distance",

A.T. Tvardovsky was born 8 (21n.s.) June 1910 in the village of Zagorye, Smolensk province, in the large family of the rural blacksmith Trifon Tvardovsky.

House-Museum of Tvardovsky in the village of Zagorie

Twadovsky (far right)

with parents, brothers and sisters

WITH 1925 known as a village correspondent.

1928 - leaves his native Zagorje, lives and works in Smolensk

1934 - enrolled as a student in a pedagogical institute, although he did not have a completed secondary education

1936- having successfully completed the second year of the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute, transferred to the third year of the Moscow Institute of Philosophy and Literature, which he successfully completed in 1939 year .

The prototype of Nikita Morgunk, the main character of the poem, was the poet's father, Trifon Tvardovsky, who even before the revolution bought the Zagorje farm in installments and was very proud of his independence. He highly valued the happiness of working on his land.

IN 1939 - together with a group of other writers A.T. Tvardovsky was drafted into the army, participated in the Finnish campaign, in the Great Patriotic War as a war correspondent.

1941-1945 - creates the famous "Book of the Fighter"

"What freedom, what wonderful daring, what accuracy, precision in everything and what an extraordinary folk soldier's language - not a bitch, not a hitch, not a single false word!" - wrote I. A. Bunin about the poem "Vasily Terkin"

"Vasily Turkin" is the best of all that has been written about war in war. " K. Simonov.

"But since the time of the front, I noted" Vasily Terkin "as an amazing success ... Tvardovsky managed to write a thing that was timeless, courageous and uncontaminated ..."

A. Solzhenitsyn

A. Tvardovsky wrote for all times and generations. In the center of the poem is the peasant family of Andrei and Anna Sivtsov. The author writes at what cost the world, destroyed by the war, gets. Tvardovsky shows the heroism of people not through slogans and propaganda, but deep, reliable and indisputable. Reading the poem, you can clearly see the image of three times: past, present, future.

In the past, taking care of your own home, garden, children, mowing grass and plowing the land.

An eerie and destructive present time, as he fettered people with his military fetters.

In the last chapter of the poem, the reader will feel not the joy of the victory of Andrei Sivtsov, who returned from the front, but the sadness of devastated loneliness. However, the hero found in himself the willpower to rebuild the house, do household chores, mow the grass again - and all this with great hope for the return of his beloved family to his native land.

1946 - the poem "I was killed near Rzhev" was written. Tvardovsky "I was killed near Rzhev" is a dialogue-moral testament of a soldier killed in battles near Rzhev to his compatriots and like-minded people - those who remained to fight fascism. The main idea of ​​this will sounds in the final lines of the work: "I will bequeath to you to live - What more can I?" But to live, the hero conjures, always remembering about his country and those who died in its name. ...

1954 - the continuation of the poem "Vasily Terkin", which the author called "Terkin in the Next World", has been completed. The poem was printed only in 1963 year. In this work, the poet not only expressed political views that were radical for that time, but also painted funny and sad moral and psychological features of a contradictory modernity.

Tvardovsky's first stay at the head of the "New World" (1950 – 1954) was short-lived. Occupying a leading position in prose, Novy Mir publishes on its pages Vasily Grossman's novel For a Just Cause (1952) and Viktor Nekrasov's story In the Trenches of Stalingrad (1954), which received a wide public response. Tvardovsky in the summer of 1954 from the post of editor-in-chief of Novy Mir. The second and no less important reason for his departure from the magazine was the witty poem "Turkin in the Next World"

1958 - 1970 - again heads the "New World", heads the department of poetry "Literaturnaya gazeta", works in the Union of Soviet Writers with young authors

The editorial board of Novy Mir.

Sitting (from left to right) B.G. Zaks,

A. D. Dementyev, A. T. Tvardovsky,

A. I. Kondratovich, A. M. Maryamov. M. N. Khitrov, V. Ya. Lakshin are standing,

E. Ya.Dorosh, I. I. Vinogradov, A. I. Sats.

1950-1960 - the poem "Beyond the Distance," was created

The poem "Beyond the Distance - Distance", for which A.T. Tvardovsky in 1961 year was awarded the Lenin Prize, is one of the central works of the mature work of A.T. Tvardovsky. It consists of 15 small chapters. The main motive of the poem is the motive of the road. The lyrical hero sets off by train on a journey through the expanses of his native country. At the very beginning of the work, we learn that he conceived this path through the Urals and Siberia a long time ago. The lyrical hero recalls the war, devastation and wants to look at a new country that has been rebuilt during the peaceful years.

Second half 60s years the poem "By the Right of Memory" was created, it was published only in 1987... Tvardovsky's last poem is addressed to modern youth, addressed to their spiritual, moral, ideological searches and aspirations. “You are from another generation,” the poet addressed, it is necessary to remember that history is not divided into segments, its events are not distributed according to ranks and titles: everyone is responsible for everything that happened in the past, takes place in the present and will happen in the future:

Children have become fathers long ago

But for the universal father

We were all responsible

And the judgment lasts for decades,

And there is still no end to be seen.

Monument

A.T. Tvardovsky and Vasily Turkin

in Smolensk

Headstone on the grave of A.T. Tvardovsky at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

A.T. Tvardovsky died

Everything is words - for every essence, Everything that leads to the fight and work , But repeated in vain They lose weight like flies die.

Yes, there are words that burn like a flame That shine far and deep - to the bottom, But their substitution with words Cheating can be equal.

Let's summarize:

A.T. Tvardovsky is one of the poets of the 20th century, who showed life, pain and joy, grief and separation, the problems of the people and the country in different historical periods.

A.T. Tvardovsky is an artist with a wise heart and a clear conscience, devoted to poetry to his last breath, a man of great civic courage and honesty.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky

• The work was completed by a student of grade 11
• MBOU Secondary School No. 9, Amursk
• Aliev Rustem
• Teacher Plohotnyuk I.V.
• 2015 year

Childhood of the poet

• A. T. Tvardovsky was born on June 8, 1910 on a farm
• Zagorye of the Smolensk region in the family
• village blacksmith Trifon Gordeevich
• Tvardovsky. Tvardovsky's mother, Maria
• Mitrofanovna, really came from
• one-courtiers. Trifon Gordeevich was a man
• well-read - and in the evenings in their house they often read
• aloud by Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Nekrasov.

Poems Alexander began

• Poems Alexander began
• it's too early to compose, while still
• illiterate, and not being in
• able to write them down. At 14 years old
• Tvardovsky began to write small
• notes in the Smolensk newspapers, and
• then, having collected several
• poems, brought them to Michael
• Isakovsky, who worked in
• editorial office of the newspaper "Rabochy Put".
• Isakovsky met the poet
• friendly, becoming a friend and
• mentor of the young Tvardovsky.
• In 1931 it was published
• the first poem "The Path to Socialism"

First poetic experience

• Already living in his native farm Zagorje on
• Smolensk region, Tvardovsky becomes
• village correspondent. Since 1924, he begins to send
• notes in the editorial office of Smolensk newspapers. He wrote
• in them about Komsomol affairs, about different
• abuses that were committed by local
• power, which created in the eyes of the local
• the inhabitants of the halo of the protector. In the newspaper "Smolenskaya
• village ”published its first
• poems.
• "Looking up from books and study, -
• recalls Tvardovsky, - I went to collective farms in
• as a correspondent for regional newspapers,
• wrote articles, kept all sorts of notes. For each
• taking a trip to celebrate something new that
• revealed to me in a complex and majestic
• the process of collective farm life ”.

Pre-war creativity

• "It is to these years that I owe my
• poetic birth ", - said
• later Tvardovsky. At this time he
• entered the Pedagogical Institute, but with
• of the third year left and finished his studies already in
• Moscow Institute of History, Philosophy and
• literature (MIFLI), where he entered in the fall
• 1936.
• Tvardovsky's works
• were published in 1931 - 1933, but he himself believed that
• that only from the poem about collectivization
• "Country of Ant" (1936) it began as
• writer. The poem was a success with readers and
• critics. The release of this book changed lives
• poet: he moved to Moscow, in 1939 he graduated
• MIFLI, published a book of poems "Rural
• chronicle ".

• Poem autograph
• "White birches circled", 1936

The first poem was published in the Sunday issue of the newspaper "Smolenskaya Derevnya" on July 19, 1925

• New hut
• Smells like fresh pine resin.
• The yellowish walls are glistening.
• We will heal well as a family
• Here in a new Soviet way!
• And we won't hang "gods" in the corner,
• And the lamp will not smolder.
• Instead of this grandfather mold
• Lenin will look from the corner.

Military trails

• 1939 - the Soviet-Finnish war began, in which A.T. Tvardovsky
• took part as a war correspondent for the newspaper "On Guard
• Motherland ". The newspaper ran a collective weekly feuilletons with
• poems and pictures. This is how a literary hero was born -
• fighter Vasya Terkin.

• It was a great sadness
• How we wandered east.
• They walked thin, walked barefoot
• To unknown lands
• What is where she is, Russia,
• On what line is it?

• 1941-1945 - the poem "Vasily Terkin",
• "A book about a fighter without beginning and end" -
• the most famous work
• Tvardovsky. The poem became one of
• attributes of front life - in
• as a result of which Tvardovsky became
• cult author of military
• generations. Among other things, "Vasily
• Terkin "stands out among others
• works of that time complete
• lack of ideological
• propaganda, mention of
• Stalin and the party.

• Book cover

Post-war lyrics by Tvardovsky

• The war ended, but nevertheless Tvardovsky's military lyrics found their continuation in the post-war period. A person who went through a war and came out of it alive inevitably feels guilty before the fallen. The poem "Cruel memory" is about this. Memory is the impossibility of forgetting and expelling the enormous pain that the war brought to people. And even in the later poetry of the poet, the theme of war sounds as sharp as before.
• The poem "I know, no fault of mine ..." again touches upon the theme of guilt before those who did not return from the battlefield, but with even greater drama.
• “I was killed near Rzhev” is a poem written in the first person. This is the brightest of the poems, a real masterpiece of the poet's work. An unusual form of the work is the monologue of a deceased soldier. In his words, one can feel the tragedy, the desire to live and see a time of peace:
• I am where the roots are blind
• Looking for food in the dark.
• I am where with a cloud of dust
• Rye walks on the hill.

"New world"

• 1950-1954 and 1958-1970. Editor in Chief
• "New world". Its organizational and editorial
• activities, an example of their own creativity
• Tvardovsky honorably continued the best traditions
• Russian Soviet literature. His help and support
• tangibly affected the work of many
• writers. 1971 - Laureate of the State Prize.

Twardowski and power

• During this period, work begins on
• poem for "Dal'ya Dal", which was
• completed 10 years later. In 1954 his
• dismissed from the post of editor-in-chief
• Novy Mir for democratic
• tendencies "that appeared in the magazine immediately
• after Stalin's death. However, this is the connection with
• "Novyi mir" is not torn apart. In 1958
• Tvardovsky returns to the "New World" on that
• same post. He gathers a team of his
• like-minded people. In 1961 they succeed
• even publish in the magazine
• the story of Alexander Solzhenitsyn "One day of Ivan Denisovich". After that, Tvardovsky becomes an "unofficial oppositionist."

Twardowski and power

• 1967-1969 work is underway on the poem Po
• the right of memory ", in which the poet describes the horrors
• collectivization by example, including,
• own father. During the life of the author, the work
• will not be published. Just like the poem "Terkin on that
• light "(written in 1963) - too much
• "The other world" in the image of Tvardovsky reminds
• Soviet reality. In 1970
• the government again deprives the poet of his post in
• "New World".

Works about the war

• In 1945, work on "Terkin" was completed. The book is published immediately
• and enjoys unprecedented popularity. Next year Tvardovsky
• received the State Prize for Vasily Terkin. This year
• the poem "House by the Road" was written - also about the war, but from a tragic point
• vision. As Samuel Marshak wrote, “the poem could be born only in the years
• great national calamity, which laid bare life until the very
• foundations ". For this poem in 1947, Tvardovsky also received
• State Prize

• Illustration for the poem "House by the Road"

Poem "Beyond the Distance" (1960)

• Largest post-war work
• Soviet poet Alexander Tvardovsky
• is the poem "Beyond the Distance - Distance". The poet's epic plan was dictated by
• the need to comprehend the results of the Great
• World War II. The theme of the poem
• historical destinies of the people, the Motherland appears in
• wide, epochal lighting. Here
• depicts not only modernity, but also
• historical past.
• The poem is a confession of a contemporary,
• who passed the path of trials together with the people and
• victories

• Illustration for the poem
• "Beyond the distance, the distance."

Tvardovsky lived his life according to the principle he adopted: Without stepping from your path for nothing Without retreating - be yourself

• Soon after defeating him
• Tvardovsky magazine fell ill
• lung cancer. The writer died
• December 18, 1971 in the dacha
• the village of Krasnaya Pakhra
• Moscow region.
• Buried in Moscow at
• Novodevichy cemetery. IN
• Smolensk, Voronezh,
• Novosibirsk and
• Moscow in his name
• streets are named.

Awards

• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1941) - for the poem "Country of Ant" (1936)
• Stalin Prize of the first degree (1946) - for the poem "Vasily Tyorkin" (1941-1945)
• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1947) - for the poem "House by the Road" (1946)
• Lenin Prize (1961) - for the poem "Beyond the Distance - Far" (1953-1960)
• USSR State Prize (1971) - for the collection “From the lyrics of these years. 1959-1967 "(1967)
• three Orders of Lenin (1939, 1960, 1967)
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1970)
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (04/30/1945)
• Order of the Patriotic War II degree (31.7.1944)
• Order of the Red Star (1940) - for participation in the war with the White Finns

Biography of A. T. Tvardovsky On June 8 (21), 1910, in the village of Zagorye, Smolensk province, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was born, the author of the famous war poem "Vasily Terkin", editor of the most "courageous" magazine - "New World". Alexander Tvardovsky can, perhaps, be rightfully called a folk poet. And not only because he spent his childhood and youth in the countryside. His poetry has absorbed the best features of Russian folklore: sincerity of feelings and simplicity of expression of thoughts. Read these lines: June fresh summer, Beloved time since childhood, As if I got up before dawn, I drove the cattle out of the yard. I clearly remember all this: The dew is the key chill, And the morning and early noon are the term of Shepherd's joy

With what tenderness the poet paints pictures of his native nature! Only those who are truly imbued with love for her can speak like that. The poet's talent woke up in Alexander Tvardovsky in early childhood. While still studying at a rural school in the Smolensk region, at the age of 14 he became a village correspondent for Smolensk newspapers, and in 1925 his poems were published there. Soon his poems "The Way to Socialism" (1931), "Entry" (1932), "The Country of Ant" (), and then the collections of poems "The Road" (1938), "Rural Chronicle" (1939), "Zagorie "(1941). But the most famous was the poem "Vasily Terkin. A book about a soldier" created during the war. Here the harsh truth about the war is presented through the eyes of a common soldier. And more than anything else. Do not live for sure - Without what? Without the truth that exists, the Truth that beats straight into the soul, Yes, it would have been thicker, No matter how bitter it was.

The author knew firsthand about them, the real folk heroes who defended the country from fascism. During the Great Patriotic War, he worked for military newspapers. In the poem, Tvardovsky's talent combined the lyrical form of narration with soldiers' parables and tales. Bunin spoke about this work in the following way: "This is a truly rare book - what freedom, what wonderful daring, what accuracy, precision in everything and what an extraordinary, folk soldier's language - not a bitch, not a hitch, not a single false, ready-made, that is, literary - vulgar word ". Yes, indeed, such best human qualities as genuine patriotism, fortitude, and heroism were embodied in the poem in an unassuming form. Along with this perky little popular-ditty work, Tvardovsky creates others, in which the war appears in its terrible guise. From 1942 to 1946, he wrote the poem "House by the Road", in the center of which - the fate of the "ascetic - soldier" Andrei Sivtsov and his wife, Anna, who was taken to Germany with her children. It contains folk motives similar to the crying genre. The poem is a hymn to human courage, fortitude and dedication.

Being in the thick of events and observing everyday life at the front, the poet creates a number of poems about the war, in which he praises the courage and heroism of the soldiers. Probably the most famous of them is: I was killed near Rzhev, In a nameless swamp, In the fifth company, on the left, With a brutal raid.

After the war, Tvardovsky turns in his work to the life of ordinary people - how they are reborn to a peaceful life, restoring what was destroyed by the war. The book "Beyond the Distance - Far" is being created, representing, as it were, a diary of a trip to Siberia and the Far East. The book was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1961. An important milestone in the life of Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was his work as editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir magazine. It was the first time he headed the magazine in years. The time was difficult then - the process of restoring the national economy was underway. Tvardovsky, who had a heart for the village, himself sharply criticized the socio - economic transformations and published articles on this topic, called "vicious", the authors of which were V. Pomerantsev, M. Livshits, F. Abramov, M. Shcheglov and others. In addition, he tried to publish the poem "Terkin in the Next World" there, where in an allegorical form he criticized the then dominant bureaucratic system. The result was his release from his duties as editor-in-chief on July 23, 1954. Only after the famous 20th Party Congress did he have the opportunity to return to the magazine.

Under him, the "New World" became a truly new world - the world of democracy and freedom. There were published works by F. Abramov, Ch. Aitma tov, G. Baklanov, V. Belov, V. Bykov, V. Voinovich, K. Vorobiev, V. Dorosha, Yu. Dombr ovskogo, S. Zalygin, F. Iskander, B. Mozhaev, V. Ovechkin, Y. Trifonov, Shukshin, A. Yashin, etc. Andra Solzhe nitsyn a "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denis Ovich" (1962). At this time, the term “new world prose” - that is, acutely social and artistically significant, came into literary use. Under him, the "New World" became a truly new world - the world of democracy and freedom. There were published works of F. Abramov, Ch. Aitmatov, G. Baklanov, V. Belov, V. Bykov, V. Voinovich, K. Vorobyov, V. Dorosh, Yu. Dombrovsky, S. Zalygin, F. Iskander, B. Mozhaev , V. Ovechkin, Yu. Trifonov, Shukshin, A. Yashin and others. The greatest merit of the editor was the publication of the work of the then unknown Ryazan teacher Alexander Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" (1962). At this time, the term "Novy Mir prose" - that is, acutely social and artistically significant, came into literary use. However, the end of the Khrushchev thaw came, and difficult times again came for Tvardovsky. The journal began to be criticized for "slandering", "distorting history", "criticizing the collective farm system." Tvardovsky was deprived of his closest associates. He, a former deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of several convocations, a member of the Central Auditing Commission of the CPSU, a candidate for membership in the Central Committee of the CPSU, was no longer elected to such bodies. In February 1970, working conditions became unbearable, and he was forced to leave the magazine shortly before his sixtieth birthday. A. I. Solzhenitsyn said about this event: "There are many ways to kill a poet. For Tvardovsky it was chosen: to take away his brainchild - his passion - his magazine." After leaving the magazine, the illness began to make itself felt more and more, the poet went to his dacha near Moscow, where he spent his last days. Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky died on December 18, 1971.