Write a message about an outstanding person. Friends and foes. The most famous personalities in the world

Russia has never experienced a shortage of truly talented individuals who, even without being on the throne, had a huge impact on the development of the state. Among them are scientists and writers, talented designers and great travelers, brave pioneers and conquerors of Siberia, military geniuses ... And, of course, the highest sovereigns. But they were all united by one thing - love for the country where they lived, made their great discoveries and outstanding exploits.

Whom do you remember when you see the phrase "great people of Russia"? The list is often the same for everyone:

• Among the commanders, Zhukov, Kutuzov and Suvorov are remembered.
• If we talk about scientists, they call Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Pavlov.
• Among the writers out of competition are Pushkin, Lermontov and Chekhov.

Of course, all the outstanding people of Russia, even if you just list them by name, simply will not "fit" within the framework of this article, and therefore we will focus only on some of them. In addition, “between the lines” in this material, many other personalities are mentioned that every educated person should know about.

Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

Who does not know this outstanding person, thanks to whom Russian science made a real breakthrough to new horizons at one time ?! Unfortunately, not everyone remembers the conditions in which the future luminary had to work and study. However, many great people in the history of Russia were not adherents of luxury: the genius commander Suvorov generally preferred to sleep on boards and eat exclusively simple soldier's food.

Mishenka was born in the family of Vasily Dorofeevich and on November 8 (19), 1711. Contrary to many history books, the family was not poor at all. As Mikhail himself later recalled, he practically did not remember his mother, since she died early, and he spoke of his father as "a kind and beautiful person in all respects, but brought up in complete ignorance." However, such a description was suitable for many people of that era.

Little Mikhailo lived quite happily and happily, but his father married for the third time. Irina Semyonovna Korelskaya became the chosen one. To the boy, the woman immediately seemed like "an evil, envious and greedy stepmother." Oddly enough, it was she who played a decisive role in his life. "Angry and angry" from his passion for books, the stepmother decided to try the proven method by marrying a restless youngster. Lomonosov, as soon as he heard of this intention, immediately fled to Moscow.

St. Petersburg

In 1731, the future scientist arrives in the former capital of the Empire, where a new life begins with a criminal episode: in order to be enrolled in the coveted university, the boy has to forge documents with his own hand, posing as the son of a nobleman. Even today, such an act threatens with major troubles, and even at that time it was fraught with a death sentence, so young Mikhail was distinguished by remarkable courage and desire for knowledge!

However, practically all outstanding people of Russia never suffered from excessive shyness. So, the aircraft designer Mikoyan was almost the only one who could argue on an equal footing with Stalin.

Study abroad

Mikhail Vasilyevich's ordeals in local schools lasted four years, but in 1735 he was sent to St. Petersburg, to one of the institutes under the wing of the All-Russian Academy of Sciences. There he immediately showed himself as an outstanding physicist-practitioner, distinguished by "an unbridled passion for risky experiments." Seeing his talents, the management sent a young and promising scientist to study abroad in Freiburg just a year later. Unfortunately, practically all famous personalities of Russia at that time were forced to get education abroad, since before Peter there were too few really good teachers in our country.

As in Russia, the students had a very hard time: they constantly did not have money even for normal food, not to mention textbooks, paper and clothes. Lack of sleep and malnutrition, coupled with an exorbitant mental stress, severely undermined the health of all trainees.

Return to Russia

In 1740, the scientist returned to Russia. There were two reasons: the institute's unwillingness to somehow support its students and constant disagreements with German teachers. At first he was well received at home, and already in 1745 Mikhail Lomonosov became a professor of chemistry. Only 34 years old, which was simply incredible for those times! Like all the great people of Russia, he was not at all proud, continuing to work without a break, not forgetting to allocate time for each of his students.

He became famous for constantly engaging in fierce polemic battles and disputes with GF Miller and other "Germans", reproaching them with "willful humiliation of the Russian people, unwillingness to recognize its historical achievements." It is no wonder that many of his opponents have become the young professor's bitter enemies. However, this did not bother the latter: Mikhail was constantly engaged in science, paying a special tribute to chemistry. Although it is easier to name the area of \u200b\u200bknowledge in which he would not be noted by several works at once! Lomonosov desperately defended not only his charges, but also other scientists, among whom were the future outstanding people of Russia.

Despite the German origin of G.V. Richman, who tragically died while staging experiments with electricity, only he cares about a worthy prize for his family and cruelly, to the point of hoarseness, argues with bureaucrats who do not want to recognize the contribution of the deceased to the development of science.

Friends and foes

During all the years of his stay in St. Petersburg, Lomonosov had a huge number of friends, and even more enemies who desperately envied the good attitude of the imperial court towards him. When in 1765 he dies of severe pneumonia, the poet Sumarokov, popular at that time, spoke about this sad event as follows: "The fool has calmed down and will no longer make noise!" Fortunately, they were so great, and he had so many sincerely devoted friends and disciples that the backbiting envious did not have to bathe in the rays of glory.

Unfortunately, many of Russia's historical personalities have not escaped the same fate. The great Pushkin, "our everything", was subjected to the most severe persecution in aristocratic circles. The poet was not loved for his directness and unwillingness to become like courtiers. And what were the outstanding people of Russia in the 19th century? The period when the fate of the world was decided for many years to come?

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

Even in the West, where they generally do not like to recognize the merits of our compatriots, Tsiolkovsky is really honored. It is all the more strange that many famous personalities of Russia, both at that time and in our time, do not know him at all. For a long time it was believed that Konstantin Eduardovich was just an extremely extravagant scientist with "very strange and unscientific ideas."

He was born in 1857. As a child, he was an extremely active and restless child, which later played a bad joke with him: having ridden almost all day on a sled, tired and hot, he caught a bad cold. The disease nearly killed him. After his recovery, it turned out that Kostya somehow hears only a loud voice.

Consequences, start of training

Hearing loss, however, led to the fact that the boy, deprived of the fun familiar to his peers, begins to show a remarkable interest in craftsmanship, making all sorts of strange and funny crafts. His unquenchable thirst for knowledge awakens.

Almost all the great people of Russia had exactly the same character trait: at one time, the brilliant gunsmith Fedorov read hundreds of books on mechanics and artillery, conducted thousands of experiments and built an incredible number of mechanisms to confirm his theories.

In 1869 Kostya entered the gymnasium. He himself recalled that "the study was given with great difficulty, since I practically did not hear the teachers, and felt only a vague accent." In 1870, his older brother dies, and almost immediately his mother goes to the grave, unable to withstand this terrible news. Constantine becomes very difficult.

Moscow

The father, seeing his son's remarkable abilities, decides to send him to Moscow (1873) to enter the Higher Technical School. Of course, due to the hearing loss, nothing came of it. But the future star of cosmonautics decides to stay in Moscow, engaging in self-education. The father sent his son 10-15 rubles a month. It was very decent money at that time, but Kostya ate only black bread and liquid tea.

The answer is simple: only 90 kopecks a month was spent on food, and everything else went to buy books, tools and other things necessary for experiments. In just three years, from 1973 to 1876, the indefatigable Tsiolkovsky manages to master practically two gymnasium programs completely independently, sitting for days in libraries at Moscow institutes. In 1876, the father reported that his health had deteriorated and called his son back to Kaluga.

Pedagogical activity

Konstantin returns home not only half deaf, but also with severely impaired vision. Fortunately, his father had extensive and good connections, thanks to which the young man is easily taken to a teaching position at the local gymnasium. There he showed himself so well that students poured down to him in droves.

In 1878 the family moved to Ryazan. There, in order to continue teaching, Tsiolkovsky had to pass a full exam. Despite the fact that he was never interested in theology and other sciences necessary for this, he was able to learn everything necessary in the shortest possible time and pass the tests with brilliance. In fact, all historical figures in our country were distinguished by an incredible thirst for knowledge. So, the great emperor Peter the Great, who received an extremely poor education, could literally in a few hours learn dozens of the most complex mathematical formulas in order to immediately use them in the most complex calculations in the construction of ships.

Scientific activity

In just three years, he will write his scientific work "Theory of gases" (the manuscript has not reached our time). The scientist's isolation from the scientific community played a bad joke with him: when he sent the text of his work to Mendeleev, he replied that all the conclusions set out in the text are absolutely correct ... only his research is no longer valuable, since all this has already been discovered 25 years ago.

However, the failure of the "father of Russian cosmonautics" did not embarrass at all, although it did annoy him. Like many in Russia, he had a very strong character. In this he was very similar to a person who used his works later: Yuri Gagarin was one of many contenders for the first space flight, but because of Yura's persistence and perseverance, the whole world knows his name.

Transition to aeronautics

In 1885, when he was only 28 years old, Tsiolkovsky already had several excellent works in the field of aeronautics. The topic was incredibly interesting to him, and therefore since then he decides to engage exclusively in research in this area.

Until 1917, the scientist almost annually sent drafts of his manuscripts to various scientific institutions of the country, trying to interest industrialists in his developments. Everything was useless, no one listens to him. Among the townspeople, Tsiolkovsky is known as a dangerous eccentric, and only repeated intercession of a high-ranking father-in-law saves him from dismissal and persecution.

In general, many outstanding people of Russia, and indeed of other states, did not hear anything good from their contemporaries during their lifetime, and many of them generally died in poverty and obscurity.

Recognition of merit

After the Revolution, the life of a scientist became much easier. Already in 1918, he was finally deservedly elected as an Honorary Member of the Academy of Sciences, they began to pay a good monetary allowance. However, not everything is so cloudless: in 1919, five people in civilian clothes entered the scientist's house at once, after which Tsiolkovsky was interrogated for five days in the basements of Lubyanka.

There are eyewitness testimonies that all this was again the result of a denunciation, but a miracle happens: some of the higher circles of the new Soviet regime thought the scientist's work was important, and therefore he was immediately released without any charges. In 1935, Tsiolkovsky, already at an advanced age, wrote a letter to Stalin himself, in which he expresses the timid hope that his research will be appreciated at least by the Soviet regime, since over all the past years “he was tired of banging his head into the ignorance of his colleagues. Oddly enough, but Iosif Vissarionovich still distinguishes this letter from the multitude of correspondence, sending the scientist an answer.

In it, he thanked Konstantin Eduardovich for his significant contribution to the development of scientific knowledge, instructing him to continue his research. Unfortunately, the scientist dies soon after from stomach cancer. After his death, many of the works of an outstanding person were completely revised: specialists in the aviation and later rocket-building industries found that decades before intensive scientific research in these areas, the old eccentric from Kaluga had already advanced far in this matter.

Tsiolkovsky's theories about deep space exploration, about the construction of ships in Earth orbit, about the need to establish long-term settlements on the Moon and Mars ... All this is confirmed today in the works of modern scientists. Remembering the names of the great people of Russia, never forget Konstantin Eduardovich!

Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky

While listing the outstanding figures of Russia, one should not forget about the military leaders, whose activities have repeatedly saved the country from conquest. Such was Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. The future strategist was born in 1896, during the time of the Russian Empire. His biographers say that in fact he was born back in 1894. But for some reason he slightly reduced his age when he entered service in the Soviet Army. From an early age, he showed ability and commitment to military service.

During the First World War, he joined the army on a volunteer basis. Already in 1915 he was presented to the third degree, but did not receive a well-deserved award due to bureaucratic confusion. In principle, given the attitude of the Soviets towards such orders, this turned out to be not so bad.

In 1917, he managed to rise to the rank of non-commissioned officer, but just a year later his regiment was completely disbanded, and Rokossovsky had to continue his service as an ordinary Red Army soldier. However, for his merits, Konstantin Konstantinovich was quickly transferred to the squadron commander. During the Civil War, in 1919, he hacked to death in a desperate saber battle one of Kolchak's deputies.

A year later he became the commander of a cavalry regiment. He participated in almost all major battles of that period, read the works of Tukhachevsky, from which he drew a lot of useful information. All this, as well as his friendship with some of the later repressed commanders, as well as his service as a non-commissioned officer in the Tsar's army led to the fact that in 1937 he was arrested. Actually, many historical figures of that period passed through this "nuisance": the same Korolev, the father of Soviet cosmonautics, spent a considerable part of his life behind bars.

Imprisonment

Until 1940 he was in prison. The absurdity of his conclusion was that he was "arrested on the denunciation of Adolf Yushkevich," who was Rokossovsky's associate in Grazhdanskaya. But Konstantin Konstantinovich himself knew perfectly well that his friend had already died a long time ago, and therefore physically could not give any evidence against him. For the sake of fairness, it should be said that repressions were far from always justified.

So, in the biography of Rokossovsky there was an episode when he raised his division in extremely bad weather (it was in Transbaikalia). People did not have normal warm clothes, the horses were exhausted by the long march. As a result, a considerable part of the personnel received frostbite, many died of pneumonia later. Many horses have broken their legs. The future marshal was just lucky that his actions were qualified as "negligence", although in those years this took place under "sabotage" and was punishable by death under the laws

Great Patriotic War and the post-war period

He showed himself magnificently in the Battle of Kursk, when Companions and even enemies noted his undoubted military talent. After the war, he did a lot to restore Russian (Soviet) influence in his native Poland. Like all great historical figures, he worked hard, not sparing himself. Like the brilliant commander Zhukov, who led the Soviet troops, Rokossovsky could not sleep for days when circumstances demanded. It should be noted that Marshal has always professed one of his convictions: "The army should always be above politics, the military should not interfere in it." Largely because of this, even the “courtiers” of the Soviet period respected him.

Many denunciations written in Rokossovsky did not pass precisely because of their ridiculousness. Everyone knew that Konstantin Konstantinovich was not only not interested in perturbations in the highest echelons of power, but was categorically against interference in political affairs.

This man died in 1968. Many books and stories were written in memory of Rokossovsky, his bust and monuments can be found throughout the entire former USSR. The textbooks on military affairs and tactics, which were written by Konstantin Konstantinovich, are still being studied at the military academies of the Russian Federation.

The great historical figures described in this article - as you yourself understand, are far from the only ones we can be proud of. The complete list of all the outstanding people to whom our country owes the very fact of its existence is very long. And to name each and at least briefly mention his merits to the Fatherland, the thickest book is not enough.

Who were the greatest people of Russia? It would be wrong to highlight only a few of them. Let's just say that they were all real People with a capital letter. They did not yearn for fame, but simply aspired to do as best as possible the work that the country had defined for them. Certainly, textbooks will be published someday, which will list the outstanding people of Russia in the 21st century. It is hoped that the memories of their contemporaries will make it possible to say the same about them.

Who are the most famous people in Russia today? Who are the younger generation and adults oriented towards? Who is known today more - heroes of the past or contemporaries? Let's try to figure it out.

Famous people

The list of "Famous People of Russia" includes a variety of characters. These are politicians, writers, artists and musicians. Recently, a rating of the most popular Russian personalities was compiled based on search queries on the Internet.

Ranking leader

It will come as no surprise to most readers that incumbent President Vladimir Putin has become the most famous person in Russia.

Born from St. Petersburg. During the Soviet era, he served on the State Security Committee, in particular, he worked in the GDR.

The names of famous people in Russia are well known to everyone. In the case of Putin, this is confirmed by the presidential elections. He has already won this race three times, receiving the support of at least 60 percent of voters who came to the polls.

Prior to the post of head of state, Putin served as head of the Federal Security Service, and then for six months was the country's prime minister. Before the New Year 2000, Putin replaced the retired Boris Yeltsin. Before the elections, he served as the interim president of the Russian Federation.

Now Putin is in power for the third term. Little is known about his personal life. He divorced his wife. He has two daughters, whose personalities and whereabouts are not advertised.

Prime Minister

The second most popular person was the current prime minister, ex-president of Russia Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev. He also rightfully entered the list of "Famous People of the Country of Russia".

In the early 2000s, he was at the head of the board of directors of one of the largest Russian companies, Gazprom. In 2008 he won the presidential elections in Russia.

Most of his activities will be remembered for intensifying the fight against corruption, softer politics in the international arena, and the head of state's passion for modern technologies. It was during his era that the words "innovation" and "gadgets" came into use among Russians.

In 2012, he was replaced in this post by Vladimir Putin, and Medvedev became prime minister and headed the political party "United Russia". He remains in these positions at the present time. In particular, he oversees the implementation of the largest national projects in the country.

Despite a more restrained foreign policy, it was during his presidency that an armed conflict took place in Abkhazia between the Russian and Georgian armies. Many have dubbed it the Five Day War.

Russian epic novel

Not only our contemporaries were included in the list of "Famous People of Russia". The dead are also present in it. For example, the writer Leo Tolstoy. He is one of the largest and most popular prose writers and thinkers of the 19th century. And not only in Russia but all over the world. His novels are read in different parts of the world.

Its uniqueness lies in the fact that during his lifetime he was recognized as the greatest of Russian writers. Tolstoy rightfully bears the title "famous person of Russia". Almost all of his novels are still reprinted in English.

He is considered one of the founders of a new stage in world realism. He had a strong influence on humanists around the world, as well as on the development of realistic traditions.

His novels and stories have been repeatedly filmed by the most famous directors. For example, quite recently in the United States another mini-series based on his epic "War and Peace" was released.

The first president of Russia

The list of "Famous People of Russia" always includes the first president, Boris Yeltsin. He came to power in 1991 as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union.

A native of the Sverdlovsk Region, during perestroika he was the personification of democratic trends that were so popular in the country at that time. In 1991 he was elected the first and only president of the RSFSR.

It is with his name that the changes that have taken place in the country are associated. First of all, this is publicity, the transition from a planned to a market economy.

Many have a lot of complaints about his policy. He is accused of the collapse of the USSR, the war in Chechnya, the unstable economic situation in the country, the rampant banditry and crime. At the same time, experts note that it was only under Yeltsin that actually independent mass media worked, the concept of "private property" and the opportunity to conduct business appeared.

Diva

Creative people are as popular as politicians. Therefore, it is not surprising that singer Alla Pugacheva was included in the list of "Famous People of Russia of the 21st Century". Even though her career began long before the new millennium.

At one time, she was the most popular performer on the national stage. The repertoire of Pugacheva has half a thousand songs. Moreover, they were translated into dozens of world languages, they are sung by pop singers in different countries of the world.

Pugacheva's records and albums, in addition to the USSR and Russia, were also published in Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, and even Japan and South Korea. The total circulation of all discs has exceeded a quarter of a billion pieces.

The name of Alla Pugacheva is well known not only in Russia, but also in the countries of Eastern and Northern Europe. In our country, she was invariably recognized as the most popular singer from the mid-70s to the 90s. And now it does not lose its fame. Even regardless of age. She is already 67 years old.

Pugacheva's touring activity officially stopped in 2010, when she turned 60. At the same time, she continues to appear in public and carry out creative activities. Pugacheva regularly participates in various talk shows as a guest star, expert or jury member.

She is married to the famous parody master Maxim Galkin. She has two daughters, a son and already three grandchildren.

Voice of the era

The list of "Famous People of Russia" would be incomplete without Vladimir Vysotsky. This famous poet and musician died almost 40 years ago, but his songs are still listened to by those who caught him alive and went to his concerts, and those who were born years after his death.

Vysotsky is a unique poet who managed to write lyrics for all walks of life, without exception. He sang about criminals, and about front-line soldiers, and about scientists, and about peasants. Everyone felt that the author knows the most important things about his life and profession. Many were deeply convinced that without being a front-line soldier or a criminal, such texts could not be written. But Vysotsky was not only a poet, but also a wonderful actor who played in such famous films as "Vertical", "Dangerous Tours", "The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed."

He performed his songs on stage with an ordinary seven-string guitar. And he was also one of the key actors of the Taganka Theater. Has appeared in more than 20 performances, including the role of Shakespeare's Hamlet.

According to the results of a poll by VTsIOM, in the list of idols of the last century, he lost to only one person.

First man in space

The Russians named Yuri Gagarin the idol of the 20th century. The first inhabitant of planet Earth to go into space. Gagarin, born shortly before the Great Patriotic War in a small village in the Smolensk region, dreamed of the sky since childhood. He dreamed of becoming a pilot, so he went to study in Saratov.

Soon after, he got into an experimental training program for the first manned flight into space. Of course, several people were preparing, who of them would fly, it was not known until the very last moment. The lucky ticket fell to Yuri Gagarin.

It launched on the Vostok rocket on April 12, 1961, opening the space age for mankind. His flight lasted 108 minutes. After that, he successfully landed near the town of Engels in the Saratov region.

Gagarin instantly became a world celebrity. He was invited abroad, he visited at least 30 states, dined with the Queen of Great Britain.

True, he was no longer destined to fly into space. But he remained in aviation, testing new aircraft. He died tragically in 1968 while performing training flights on a MiG aircraft. His death became nationwide mourning throughout the country.

The sun of Russian poetry

Talking about the most famous Russian people, one cannot forget about the 19th century poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. There is no person in Russia who does not know at least a few of his poems. Pushkin's poetry is held at school and university, but we can say with confidence that it has not yet been possible to thoroughly study him. There are so many hidden meanings and signs in his poems.

Pushkin is the founder of the Russian literary language. Brought up on French literature and the tales of his nanny Arina Rodionovna, he managed to create the best poetry, which the Russian language is still proud of.

The Russian Federation is a great state, ranking first on the planet in terms of territory and size of national wealth. However, its main pride is made up of outstanding citizens who have left a noticeable mark on history. Our country has brought up a huge number of famous scientists, politicians, military leaders, athletes and art workers with a worldwide reputation. Their achievements have allowed Russia to take one of the leading positions in the list of the planet's superpowers.

Rating

Who are they, outstanding citizens of Russia? The list of them can be continued endlessly, because each period in the history of our Fatherland has its own great people who became famous in different spheres of activity. Among the most prominent personalities who, to one degree or another, influenced the course of both Russian and world history, it is worth mentioning the following:

1. Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
2. Peter the Great.
3. Alexander Suvorov.
4. Mikhail Lomonosov.
5. Dmitry Mendeleev.
6. Yuri Gagarin.
7. Andrey Sakharov.

Minin and Pozharsky

An outstanding citizen of Russia Kuzma Minin and his equally famous contemporary, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, went down in history as the liberators of the Russian lands from the Polish invaders. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Time of Troubles began in the Russian state. The crisis that gripped many spheres of life was aggravated by the presence of impostors on the capital's throne. In Moscow, Smolensk and a number of other cities, the Polish gentry was in full swing, and the western borders of the country were occupied by Swedish troops.

In order to expel foreign invaders from Russian lands and liberate the country, the clergy called on the population to create a people's militia and liberate the capital from the Poles. The call was answered by the Novgorod zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), who, although not of noble origin, was a real patriot of his homeland. In a short time he managed to gather an army from the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky from the Rurikovich family agreed to head it.

Gradually, residents of the surrounding towns, dissatisfied with the domination of the Polish gentry in Moscow, began to join the people's militia of Nizhny Novgorod. By the fall of 1612, the army of Minin and Pozharsky numbered about 10 thousand people. In early November 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod militia managed to expel the Poles from the capital and force them to sign the act of surrender. The successful conduct of the operation became possible thanks to the skillful actions of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818, the memory of the heroic liberators of Moscow was immortalized by the sculptor I. Martos in the monument, which was installed on Red Square.

Peter the Great

The significance of the reign of Peter I, nicknamed for his services to the Great State, can hardly be overestimated. An outstanding citizen of Russia, Peter the First, was on the throne for 43 years, having come to power at the age of 17. He turned the country into the greatest empire, founded the city of Petersburg on the Neva and transferred the capital to it from Moscow, conducted a number of successful military campaigns, thanks to which he significantly expanded the borders of the state. Peter the Great began to trade with Europe, founded the Academy of Sciences, opened many educational institutions, introduced the compulsory study of foreign languages, forced the representatives of the noble classes to wear secular attire.

The significance of the reign of Peter I for Russia

The sovereign's reforms strengthened the economy and science, and contributed to the development of the army and navy. His successful domestic and foreign policy became the basis for the further growth and development of the state. Voltaire praised the internal transformations of Russia in the times of Peter the Great. He wrote that the Russian people in half a century managed to achieve what other peoples could not achieve in 500 years of their existence.

A. V. Suvorov

The most outstanding citizen of Russia in the second half of the 18th century is, of course, the great commander, generalissimo of the Russian land and naval forces, Alexander Suvorov. This talented military leader has fought over 60 major battles and was not defeated in any of them. The army under the command of Suvorov was able to win even in those cases when the enemy's forces significantly outnumbered it. The commander took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1791, brilliantly commanded the Russian troops during the storming of Prague in 1794, and in the last years of his life led the Italian and Swiss campaigns.

In battles, Suvorov used the tactics of warfare that he personally developed, which was significantly ahead of its time. He did not recognize the military drill and instilled love for the Fatherland in the soldiers, considering it a guarantee of victory in any battle. The legendary commander made sure that during military campaigns his army was provided with everything necessary. He heroically shared all the hardships with the soldiers, thanks to which he enjoyed great authority and respect with them. For his victories, Suvorov was awarded all the high military awards that existed in his time in the Russian Empire. In addition, he was a holder of seven foreign orders.

M.V. Lomonosov

Outstanding citizens of Russia glorified their country not only in the art of government or in the tactics of warfare. Mikhail Lomonosov belongs to the cohort of the greatest Russian scientists who have made a huge contribution to the development of world science. Born into a poor family and not having the opportunity to get a decent education, from early childhood he had a high intellect and was drawn to knowledge. Lomonosov's desire for science was so strong that at the age of 19 he left his village, went on foot to Moscow and entered the Slavic-Greco-Roman Academy. This was followed by studies at the St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences. To improve his knowledge of natural sciences, Mikhail was sent to Europe. At 34, the young scientist became an academician.

Lomonosov, without exaggeration, can be considered a universal person. He possessed excellent knowledge of chemistry, physics, geography, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, history, and genealogy. In addition, the scientist was an excellent poet, writer and artist. Lomonosov made many discoveries in physics, chemistry and astronomy, became the founder of the science of glass. He owns the project for the creation of Moscow University, which was later named after him.

D. I. Mendeleev

The world famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Born in Tobolsk in the family of a gymnasium director, he had no barriers to education. At the age of 21, young Mendeleev graduated with a gold medal from the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute. A few months later, he defended his thesis for the right to lecture and began teaching. At 23, Mendeleev was awarded a master's degree in chemistry. From this age he began to teach at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg. At 31, he became a professor of chemical technology, and 2 years later - a professor of general chemistry.

World glory of the great chemist

In 1869, at the age of 35, Dmitry Mendeleev made a discovery that made him famous all over the world. This is the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. It became the basis for all modern chemistry. Attempts to systematize elements according to their properties and atomic weight were made even before Mendeleev, but he was the first who managed to clearly formulate the regularity existing between them.

The periodic table is not the only achievement of the scientist. He wrote many fundamental works on chemistry and initiated the creation of the Chamber of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. DI Mendeleev was a holder of eight honorary orders of the Russian Empire and foreign countries. He was awarded a doctorate from the Turin Academy of Sciences, Oxford, Cambridge, Priston, Edinburgh and Göttingen universities. Mendeleev's scientific authority was so high that he was nominated three times for the Nobel Prize. Unfortunately, other scientists have become laureates of this prestigious international award each time. However, this fact does not diminish the merits of the renowned chemist to the Fatherland.

Yu.A. Gagarin

Yuri Gagarin is an outstanding citizen of the Soviet era. On April 12, 1961, on the Vostok-1 spacecraft, for the first time in the history of mankind, he flew into space. After spending 108 minutes in Earth's orbit, the astronaut returned to the planet as a hero of an international scale. Even world movie stars could envy Gagarin's popularity. He made official visits to more than 30 foreign countries and traveled all over the USSR.

Outstanding citizen of Russia Yuri Gagarin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the highest distinctions of many countries. He was preparing for a new space flight, but the plane crash that happened in March 1968 in the Vladimir region tragically ended his life. Having lived only 34 years, Gagarin became one of the greatest people of the 20th century. Streets and squares in all major cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after him, monuments to him have been erected in many foreign countries. In honor of the flight of Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, the whole world celebrates the International Day of Cosmonautics.

A. D. Sakharov

In addition to Gagarin, there were many other outstanding citizens of Russia in the Soviet Union. The USSR became famous all over the world thanks to Academician Andrei Sakharov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of physics. In 1949, together with Yu. Khariton, he developed a project for a hydrogen bomb - the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. In addition, Sakharov conducted a lot of research in magnetohydrodynamics, gravity, astrophysics, and plasma physics. In the mid-70s, he predicted the emergence of the Internet. In 1975 the academician was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

In addition to science, Sakharov was engaged in active human rights activities, for which he fell out of favor with the Soviet leadership. In 1980, he was stripped of all titles and highest awards, after which he was deported from Moscow to Gorky. After the start of Perestroika, Sakharov was allowed to return to the capital. In the last years of his life, he continued to engage in scientific activities, and was also elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet. In 1989, the scientist worked on a draft of a new Soviet constitution, which proclaimed the right of peoples to statehood, but his sudden death did not allow him to complete the work he had begun.

Outstanding citizens of Russia of the 21st century

Today, a huge number of people live in our country, glorifying it in politics, science, art and other fields of activity. The most famous scientists of our time are physicists Mikhail Allenov and Valery Rachkov, urbanist Denis Vizgalov, historian Vyacheslav Vorobyov, economist Nadezhda Kosareva, etc. The outstanding artists of the XXI century include the artists Ilya Glazunova and Alena Azernaya, conductors and Valery Gergieva opera singers Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Anna Netrebko, actors Sergei Bezrukov and Konstantin Khabensky, directors Nikita Mikhalkov and Timur Bekmambetov and others. Well, the most outstanding politician in Russia today is its President - Vladimir Putin.

"My offspring, please take my example! .."

Completed by a student of grade 8

Naruksovskaya secondary school

Zagorodnova Ekaterina.

Checked by: G.I. Babushkina

Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov.

Oh joy! - Muse! give me a lyre

Yes, I sing Suvorov again!

As thunder after thunder is heard to the world,

May everyone hear my song like that! ..

Goes in heroic joy

And quiet mania of the hand

Commands a strong army

Summons shelves around itself.

(G. Derzhavin)

Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730-1800) - Count of Rymniksky (1789), Prince of Italy (1799), Russian commander, Generalissimo (1799). The future commander was born into the family of a nobleman, his father was a general in the Russian army, who strictly followed the upbringing and training of his son. The most favorite subject of the young Alexander Suvorov was military history, while he spoke seven languages. In 1742, according to the custom of that time, he was enlisted as a private in the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment. He began active service at the age of seventeen as a corporal. From that moment on, Suvorov's whole life was subordinated to military service. Later Suvorov wrote about himself: "I am only a military man and alien to other talents."
With a relatively poor health, Alexander Suvorov constantly tempered himself physically. Even then, he established himself as a serviceable and demanding non-commissioned officer. In 1754 he was promoted to the first officer's rank of lieutenant and assigned to the Ingermanland Infantry Regiment. He received his baptism of fire during the Seven Years' War, then took part in hostilities against the Prussians in the period 1758-1761, in particular, in the bloody battle at Kunersdorf in 1759. From 1761 A.V. Suvorov successfully commanded a cavalry regiment and was promoted to colonel for distinction in battles. Thus, in six years he made his way from a junior officer to a colonel and was praised by many Russian military leaders for his composure and courage on the battlefield.

Becoming a commander

The formation and development of Alexander Suvorov as a commander took place during the two Russian-Turkish wars in the victorious age of Empress Catherine II. In 1770, becoming a major general, he participated in the war with the Turks in 1768-1774, however, at its final stage, commanding a separate detachment. Thanks to the successful actions against the Turks near Turtukai and Kozludzha, he was promoted to lieutenant general. At the same time, he had the honor to fight under the leadership of Field Marshal P.A.Rumyantsev, which played a significant role in the development of his military talents.
But Suvorov's talent, both a tactician and an original strategist, was fully revealed during the second war with the Turks in 1787-1791. Promoted to the rank of general-in-chief in 1786, Alexander Suvorov, at first commanding a corps, distinguished himself in the defense of Kinburn, where he was seriously wounded; then he took part in the storming of the Turkish fortress of Ochakov, receiving a second wound. In 1789, the Russian-Austrian troops under his command inflicted a crushing defeat on the Turks at Fokshani, and then on the Rymnik River. These victories radically changed the strategic situation in the theater of operations in favor of the Russian army.
But a particularly striking victory for Alexander Suvorov was the swift assault on the Turkish fortress of Izmail, which was considered impregnable, in 1790. Participants in the bloody Izmail battle were rightfully proud that they fought under Suvorov's command that day, and this event entered the annals of Russian history along with the Poltava and Borodino battles. Military successes brought new awards to the commander, for this war he received the highest Russian orders of St. Andrew the First-Called and St. George 1st class, and was also bestowed with the offspring the title of Count of Rymnik.
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov, ahead of his time, nevertheless, was able to develop and enrich the best traditions of Russian military art. They were embodied in the famous Suvorov instruction - the book "The Science of Victory", written by him before 1796. This work summarizes not only the richest combat experience of Suvorov, accumulated over many years of military career, it can be considered as an excellent tactical guide for officers and soldiers. Suvorov is therefore an outstanding commander because he was able to discover and develop progressive tendencies in the combat practice of his era, to consolidate and improve new forms and methods of warfare, despite the then dominant linear tactics.

After Catherine's death in 1796, her son Pavel I ascended the Russian throne. The commander's relationship with the new emperor was not easy. Very soon, in 1797, the highest order for the actual resignation of Suvorov appeared. He was sent into exile under police supervision to his own estate Konchanskoye. But soon after the aggravated political situation in Europe in connection with the successes of the French army, it was necessary to recall the old military leader. In addition, the governments of Austria and England turned to Paul I with the desire to appoint Suvorov as the commander-in-chief of the allied forces in Northern Italy.
The old field marshal was returned to the service, and Alexander Suvorov accepted the proposed appointment. The Italian campaign of 1799 is still surprising. The final stage of the field marshal's military leadership was the Swiss campaign of 1799. He was awarded the highest military rank - Generalissimo. Another decree appeared, according to which, even in the presence of the tsar, the troops had to "give him all military honors, like those given to the person of His Imperial Majesty." But after the commander again fell out of favor, he was even forbidden to appear in the royal palace. Suvorov died on arrival in St. Petersburg on May 6, 1800 and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Alexander Suvorov devoted more than 50 years of his life to military activities, participated in seven wars, not knowing defeat, fought 60 battles, the most brilliant pages of Russian weapons are associated with his name.

Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov is really an outstanding person. Through hard work and self-control, he became a Great Person in history. An outstanding personality is the result of education and work on oneself, overcoming difficulties and accumulating life experience. Many of those who in childhood were considered child prodigies, becoming adults, did not live up to expectations. They remained creatively gifted individuals, but did not become outstanding people.