Laying an external sewerage system in a private house: rules for installing an adjoining sewerage network. Sewerage laying in a private house: scheme and technology

To with the sewer system country house there were no problems; when laying its street part, it is necessary to comply with a number of sanitary and building standards. Installation work can be entrusted to professionals or done by hand. If the second option is chosen, then before starting the installation of an external sewage system, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the advice of experienced plumbers, otherwise correcting the mistakes made will result in a considerable waste of money and nerves.

The entire sewerage system of a private house is divided into internal and external parts. The in-house component ensures the collection of waste water from plumbing devices and their supply to a single riser, which is connected to the street part of the drainage system.

General sewerage scheme of a private house

The main task of external sewerage networks is the transportation of wastewater to the disposal site and the disposal itself (in the case of an autonomous septic tank). They consist of pipelines and treatment facilities.

You can get rid of the collected impurities by:

• connections to centralized system(if any);
• arrangement of an individual septic tank or cesspool.

In the first case, it is enough to lay pipes and equip a sewer well. And in the second, in addition to installing external sewerage networks, you will need to install a local cleaning system.

Important! By sanitary standards wastewater should be disposed of in such a way that no pollution of aquifers and the surrounding area occurs. Failure to comply with these requirements will face significant fines.

Scheme of connecting a cottage to a centralized sewerage network

For a private house, one of four ways to individually purify wastewater is suitable:

1. A cesspool is inexpensive, but not very convenient.
2. Septic storage tank - you will have to constantly invite sewers.
3. Two-chamber septic tank with post-treatment - in the first chamber, heavy fractions settle, and in the second, the treated water is drained into the ground.
4. Biological treatment station - special microorganisms are used to decompose sewage.

The first option is the cheapest and the last one is the most expensive. But in any case, they will have to lay an external sewage pipeline.

Design and selection of materials

Regulatory requirements

Before starting the do-it-yourself installation of an external sewage system, it is necessary to prepare its project. There are certain requirements for the laying of pipes and the location of the septic tank.

When developing a project, you will have to take into account:

• relief of the local area;
• distance to drinking wells and reservoirs;
• general climatic conditions;
• the number of people living in the cottage (average daily volume of drains);
• soil characteristics (composition, groundwater level, freezing depth);
• technical conditions for connecting to a centralized system or the need to organize an entrance for sewage equipment for pumping out sewage.

All these requirements are spelled out in the codes of practice “Sewerage. External networks ... "(SP 32.13330.2012) and" Single-family residential houses ... "(SP 55.13330.2011), which replaced the SNiPs of the same name.

When installing an autonomous cleaning system, you do not have to collect a bunch of permits and then pay for utilities... But you will constantly need to monitor the state of your septic tank and, as necessary, call the flushers.

Important! The entire sewerage system of a private house is built on the principle of gravity flow of wastewater. Installation of horizontal sections of sewer pipes outside the cottage should be carried out with a slope towards the treatment system.

Optimal slope for street sewer pipes

A slight slope of the pipeline ensures the gravity of the sewage. Do not tilt it too much, as this can lead to solids jams at the entrance to the sump. The optimum slope depends largely on the pipe diameter:

1. D500 mm - slope 30 mm / running meter.
2. D1000-1100 mm - slope 20 mm / running meter.
3. D1600 mm - slope 8 mm / running meter.

Errors made during the design and laying of external sewage networks will lead not only to constantly forming blockages, but also to poisoning of drinking water sources with fecal waste. Therefore, it is so important to follow SNiPs at all stages of creating a sewage system.

What pipes are used for the external line

Construction rules for the installation of an external sewage system are allowed to use pipes from:

• become;
• cast iron;
• asbestos cement;
• polymers;
• ceramics.

Steel pipes are subject to corrosion and are rarely used. Cast iron is a classic, but due to its internal roughness, pipelines from it are prone to silting. They are gradually being replaced by other materials.

Asbestos cement is cheap and non-corrosive, but inferior in durability to high-quality plastic. Ceramic products have the greatest resource of strength and reliability, but they are also the most expensive. The optimal choice for a set of parameters is plastic.

Plastic pipes are easily connected by the joining method

Plastic pipes for an external sewage network can be:

1. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
2. Polypropylene (PP).
3. Low pressure polyethylene (HDPE).

All of them are suitable for laying a sewer pipeline outside a private house. For their installation, you can use special glue or cold welding technology. But it is much easier to pick up products with a socket at the end, and mount the line by inserting one pipe into another.

Advice! PVC pipes at temperatures below -15 C can crack. They must be carefully insulated without fail.

Household sewer network installation technology

In a private house, the laying of an external sewage system usually begins after the construction of walls and roofing. For this, a trench is dug to the septic tank, and pipes are laid there.

The boundaries of the depths of soil freezing in Russia

The depth of laying depends on the level of freezing of the ground in the personal plot. To prevent the sewer pipe from freezing, during installation it must be placed below the freezing point of the soil. It is different for each area.

In “cold” areas, instead of digging deep trenches, the sewer mains are insulated. For this, moisture-resistant insulation and / or heating cables are used.

Heating cable fixing technology

The laying of the external sewage network is as follows:

1. A trench is dug from the house to the septic tank, and a sand pillow 10-15 cm thick is compacted at its bottom.
2. The pipeline is being laid with a slope from the building.
3. The pipe is insulated and the heating cable is installed.
4. Backfilling of the trench is in progress.

Important! The sewer pipe laid in the trench should not have sagging. Before backfilling, it is imperative to make sure of this, otherwise the blockage will be ensured.

Often over sewer pipe a pedestrian path or parking lot is arranged. In this case, the laying of the external sewerage is carried out in the "case". If a mechanical load is periodically applied to the ground above the pipeline, the pipe must be protected. The figure below shows one of the options for such a case.

Sewer pipe in a case

The pipe (7) is wrapped with support rings (6), sealant (3 and 4) and closed with a case (5). At its ends, docking units are formed from clamps (1) and cuffs (2). Only such protection is able to guarantee the durability of the sewer pipeline.

And lastly, upon completion of installation work and before backfilling the pipeline with soil, it must be tested. A trial run of water will allow you to check the tightness of the structure and the correct installation.

Video: laying sewer pipes in a country house

The design and installation of external networks of the sewerage system of a private house is strictly regulated by building codes. If these rules are grossly violated, both problems with the operation of the sewage system and negative impacts on nature are possible. Even a beginner can handle installation work. But when preparing a project, it is better to consult with a competent engineer.

Water supply and sewerage have long been a familiar accompaniment Everyday life person. Naturally, both in a private house and at a dacha, we strive to provide ourselves with a level of everyday comfort at the level of a city apartment. But if in the city we use the communal benefits that special services have built and maintain for us, then on our suburban area the laying of a sewage system is the personal concern of each owner.

To ensure the reliable functioning of this vital system, it is necessary to observe a number of fairly simple rules for laying an autonomous sewage system. Try to comply as much as possible with the recommendations and norms of SanPiN and SNiP, this will help you subsequently avoid troubles during operation. Knowing how to properly conduct autonomous sewerage in a private house, it will help both with the arrangement on its own and with the control of hired workers.

The system of sewage networks of any house, regardless of area or number of storeys, can be divided into several blocks:

• Plumbing equipment;
• Internal sewerage;
• Outdoor sewerage;
• Septic device.

In accordance with the number and location of plumbing fixtures in the house - sinks, showers, toilet bowls - the need for pipes and fittings, their parameters and the sequence of connections are determined. All this will subsequently constitute a block of internal sewerage in the house. At the same stage, it is determined how many pipes and fittings are needed for the outer part of the work. If you run a straight sewer into private house difficult, revision fittings must be built in in places of turns. In these places, it is necessary to equip inspection sewerage wells.

Internal drainage networks

For internal networks, it is better to use PVC pipes. In addition to purely technical advantages, low weight and ease of connection, they have a very significant advantage - their price is an order of magnitude lower than that of the same cast iron or steel. Laying sewers with PVC pipes will help save impressive money. To connect the plumbing equipment installed in the house, as well as for the riser and the horizontal section of the course of internal networks, pipes of different diameters must be used. The optimal characteristics of pipes and distances from devices to the point of connection with a riser or a horizontal section of networks are presented in the table:

Sewerage in the house must be laid with a slope within 1.5-2 cm per linear meter. This slope maximizes solids removal. If the slope is less - the runoff will be "lazy", which increases the risk of clogging the networks. A larger slope also contributes to the accumulation of sediment in the pipes, since too quickly the outgoing water flow will not be able to completely wash out the solids.

In order to avoid sagging and deformation of pipes laid in the house, they must be rigidly fixed with plumbing clamps every 60–90 cm. When connecting the pipe joints, it is advisable to treat the pipes with glycerin or solid oil, this will protect the rubber seals from premature wear. From the very high point riser, it is necessary to remove the fan pipe outside the premises. As a rule, such a conclusion is made to the roof, with the protrusion of the pipe above the roof by 40-70 cm.

When turning the horizontal part of drainage networks, right angles should be avoided; it is better to use a connection of two fittings with a 45 ° rotation angle. It is also advisable to use fittings for connecting devices with an angle other than a straight one. At the same time, they must be mounted so that the flow from the connected device enters the main drain not opposite to the direction of the drain.

Briefly about the septic tank

The second stage in the device of autonomous sewer networks of a country house is the installation of a septic tank and preparation of a trench for an external sewer pipe. A lot of materials are devoted to this topic on our website, so we will limit ourselves to a brief listing of the most important points:

• The septic tank should be located below the house, taking into account the natural slope of the site;
• The septic tank should be located at least 10 meters from the point of water intake and 3 meters from the neighboring area;
• The distance from the septic tank to the house must be maintained at least 2, but not more than 20 meters;
• The installation depth is selected based on the planned laying depth of the incoming sewer pipe;
• The septic tank must be easily accessible by the sewer truck.

Street sewerage section

Despite its seeming simplicity, this is an equally important area.

The trench for laying the external sewage system must be prepared so that the slope does not exceed 1.5-3 cm per linear meter of the pipe. For external sewerage, you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 110mm. In the case of using PVC pipes, you should take special, orange colors, designed to work in soil and conditions of significant temperature differences.

The prepared pipes are laid in a trench with a socket towards the house. The connection of PVC pipes is made with preliminary treatment of the joints with liquid soap, glycerin or solid oil.

Pipe laying

When the question arises of carrying out, laying it, or rather, the laying scheme comes out on top. Experts unanimously say that this process is not very difficult, and any man can perform it. But practice shows that even in this simple process there are pitfalls, and ignorance of them can lead to sad consequences. The most unpleasant thing is that after all the fairly large expenses, your sewer system simply will not work.

So what do you want to do? Do not give up. In this article, we will help you deal with all the nuances, and you will understand that building a sewage system in a private house is quite a feasible task. We will try to tell you about all the stages of the construction and what you need to pay attention to first of all.

So, at the very beginning, it should be noted that the entire sewer system from plumbing fixtures to the septic tank is divided into two parts - internal and external. They are interconnected, but their construction takes place separately from each other. And first of all, they build an internal sewage system.

Internal sewerage of a private house

The scheme of the sewer system in the house is quite simple. It is necessary to accurately determine the location of each plumbing fixture. It is from them in the direction of the outlet of the sewer pipe that the installation will be directed. Ideal if the diagram has a visible drawing or design. It can be part of the project of the whole house or a sketch made by yourself.

According to the drawing, you can determine the length of the pipeline, which means that you can calculate the required number of pipes. It is just as easy to calculate the number of fittings - elbows, tees, crosses, couplings, fasteners and more. All this is purchased with a small margin.

Internal sewerage option

Now you can proceed to preparation. To do this, you must choose the method of laying the pipe itself. There are two options - open and hidden.

In the first case, the pipeline is laid along the floor or along the wall. In the second, the pipe is hidden from view either under the floor or inside the walls, for which you will have to cut the latter.

Please note that when carrying out an internal sewerage system, the water supply and sewerage are laid in one strobe. The plumbing is on top and the sewerage is on the bottom. It is convenient in every way. Firstly, the volume of installation work and the time for their production are reduced. And, secondly, fewer materials are required for sealing the strobe.

And a few more small nuances. They must be taken into account when laying the sewage system in the house:

• Since this system is gravity, it is necessary to accurately maintain the angle of inclination of the pipeline during the installation of pipes. If pipes with a diameter of 50-80 millimeters are used, then the slope should be 2 centimeters per 1 meter of the length of the sewer pipe. If the diameter of the pipes is 80-100 millimeters, then you will have to maintain a slope of 3 centimeters.
• The toilet bowl with the riser is connected only with a pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters
• Grease traps must be installed near the drain pipes for the sink in the kitchen and near the dishwasher.
• If your house has several floors, then choose a pipe with a diameter of 100-110 millimeters for the riser. Be sure to install pipe cleaning hatches on the riser.
• Ideally, if the house has only one sewer riser, to which all branches of the internal sewer system will be connected.
• The withdrawal of the sewer pipeline from the house is determined by the location of the collection well, which is built at the lowest point of the site. The conclusion must be made in the wall that is located closer to the well.

External sewerage of a private house

External sewerage scheme in a private

So, the internal sewerage system of the country house is finished, and the pipe is brought out. Now you can start building the external network.

Experts recommend that the sewerage line from the house to the collecting well is straight. If the site has not yet been built up with outbuildings, and the landscape has not been ennobled, then use the scheme proposed by the masters. In the event that there are some obstacles for the sewage system, you will have to arrange it with taps and branches.

The only condition that must be accurately maintained is the angle of inclination. It, as in the case of the internal system, should be located in the range of 2-3 centimeters per 1 meter of the length of the sewer pipe. Why is this angle chosen?

The fact is that sewage and sewage is mainly water. If the angle of inclination is less than necessary, then large suspended particles will simply get stuck inside the pipe. If the angle is greater, then the particles will also get stuck, but because the water will quickly sweep along the slope and will not be able to pull them along. The speed of its movement is greater than the speed of movement of the particles.

Diagram of the sewerage piping in the basement of a section of a residential building

As you can see, it is not a problem to carry out a sewage system on your own in the country. It is necessary to correctly draw up a pipe wiring diagram and carry out installation work, taking into account the nuances that were discussed above. It is very important to take your time in this process. Everything must be done carefully, accurately maintaining the construction stages.

Almost all country developers who build a house with their own hands save on the process itself. This cannot be done with the sewerage system. It is being built underground, and the likelihood that flower beds, flower beds, and small buildings will be erected at the venue is great. And if this system works poorly or does not work at all, then it will have to be redone. Do you need it?

And one more point concerning the economic side. Sometimes it happens that joint water supply and sewerage wiring is possible. You should definitely take advantage of this. And if inside the house this is a common thing, then it does not always happen with the external system.

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