Essay what is the scientific picture of the world. The concept of a scientific picture of the world. What happens when we are not aware of our picture of the world

Columbia University Manuscripts and Rare Books Collection, New York.

Gift of Sofia Borisovna Pilenko, 1955

From the point of view of a democratically - philistine, the modern picture of the world could be depicted in a very usual way: some kind of terrible dragon. Like a three-headed boa constrictor, guards the innocent princess who was captured by him. All three dragon heads watch her every move, gazing into her eyes.

The power of the dragon is immeasurable: with one movement, he can destroy the princess, enchant her with his gaze, strangle her with the rings of his body, and hurt her with his poisoned stings. The princess is innocent and powerless. She has no deliverers. She is at the mercy of the dragon. The dragon should evoke horror and hatred, the princess sympathy and love. But no hatred can weaken the dragon, no love can save the princess. Unless she is a little re-educated according to the draconian ways of upbringing, she herself, so to speak, will become demonic. Or perhaps the dragon's heads will begin to devour one another and so emit in enmity towards themselves, in a fit of self-destruction. This picture, undoubtedly, is similar to what surrounds us, that everyone can easily recognize what the names of these three heads are and who the princess is. Public sympathy is shared between the dragon and the princess. Some worship the power of the dragon and are convinced that he alone can rule the world, others sympathize with the princess, and believe that sooner or later she will free herself from the dragon. It seems to me that it is necessary to somehow understand impartially in the true essence of both the dragon and the princess, and maybe make a moral judgment on both of them.

In violence and blood The great war a previously unknown monster was born to the world. The idea of ​​class struggle and class hatred was embodied in Russia in the terrible guise of Soviet power.

Its characteristic is distinct, clear and does not raise any doubts. The denial of the human personality, the strangulation of freedom, the cult of power, admiration for the leader, a single, obligatory outlook for all, the struggle against all deviations from the general line of the party or, which is the same thing, the leader - be it a deviation in some minor topical economic issue, or in the most significant issues and views on the world, on human destiny, etc. Gradually, communism became not only a kind of philosophical and economic system, but a kind of vulgar religion, trying to have its own opinion literally in relation to everything that exists in life. An exact dogma of communism could have been drawn up without difficulty — and indeed it is being compiled in countless catechisms. It embraces everything - the attitude to economics, to history, to questions of art, to the principles of being. True, no councils are needed to establish the dogmas of this religion, the leader proclaims them and thereby makes them obligatory, and any deviation from them, thereby, must be perceived as an unacceptable heresy. The most remarkable thing is that the authors of these deviations, being condemned by the authoritative statement of the leader. They themselves admit their hereticalness, repent of it and beg for reunification with the infallible party. On the basis of this peculiar religious psychology, the most unlimited intolerance towards all dissidents and believers naturally grows.

Systematic religious persecution flourishes, encompassing not just one religious denomination, but literally everything. The camps are packed with representatives of all churches, all confessions, sects, trends, world outlooks. The "new faith" realizes itself with blood, torture, torture. It is a single totalitarian truth, and the rest must be subjected to complete extermination.

A moral assessment of this state of affairs does not need any difficult observations, the picture is clear and disgusting. Much more complicated is the question of where Russian communism gets its strength from, how it feeds itself internally, on what does it continue to grow?

For a long time already, economists and politicians, almost from the first days of the existence of communism, predicted its quick and inglorious death. Neither its economic enterprises, nor the historical conditions of its existence, nor the historical situation - nothing made it possible to think that communism would firmly establish itself in Russia. However, these predictions about his death have been heard for twenty years, but in fact he continues to exist and is not going to die. How can this be explained?

It seems that, in contrast to all the opinions of various kinds of specialists, only the opinion of the one who approaches the issue from a religious point of view will be correct!

Communism is supported only by the fact that it gives (albeit strange) nourishment to a person's thirst for a holistic, religious outlook. It is by his religious pathos that he is alive, because this pathos completely modifies natural human forces, the natural tension of human muscles and human will and human mind. He multiplies them tenfold, he gives them a creative principle, which always, like some kind of miracle, transforms the laws of nature.

Communism is alive with this strange black miracle of its own, with its terrible black religion, integrity, integral hatred, integral dissolution of the human personality in the collective, integral faith in the truth, which is proclaimed by the mouth of the leader - a superman, a prophet from the prophets, black and terrible messiah, black and terrible his church. Indeed, in the minds of an ordinary communist, Russia is now ruled by a superman, in whose power lies the ability to change and abolish both the laws of history and the laws of nature. In Russia, the true Man-God is manifested, which Dostoevsky predicted to us so recently. And it is natural that this Man-God entered into a struggle with the God-man and his God-manhood - with Christ and with the Church of Christ. What's this?

Perhaps my words sound too mystical for someone, let's say not scientific, do not correspond to the modern data of economic historical science? To this I will say that any scientific hypothesis is valuable only when life confirms the assumptions made by it. So, all the most scientific hypotheses of the most excellent specialists in the field of economics, politics, history, etc., all of them are fundamentally refuted by life. Communism is not falling, and nothing more! Although all the terms have passed and new terms are passing. Thus, it is clear that these former scientific theories and hypotheses are now out of the question. But the mystical and vague theory, which sees in communism a new terrible faith, and in this finds an explanation for it beyond the natural creative power - this theory has not yet been refuted by life. And therefore it deserves not only the same as other theories, but much more attention than them.

Christian martyrs modern Russia probably they understand everything and are now fighting "not against blood and not against flesh, but against the spirits of evil in heaven." The church found itself in the face of not some kind of armchair doctrine of Marxism, say, but in the face of an anti-church, in the face of a certain organism of spiritual nature, and therefore extremely powerful capable of canceling and changing the laws of the material world.

This is the first chapter of the modern dragon.

In chronological order, the second to emerge was the totalitarianism of fascism. It seems to me that ideologically and physically this is the weakest of all totalitarianisms. And there are quite a few reasons for this relative weakness. First of all, fascism did not arise outside of traditions, not outside of historical cults and charms. Mussolini raves about the statism of ancient Rome, he is as much an innovator as a restorer. And this is no longer good enough to have real power. What was being restored at one time was destroyed, in other words, there are forces that were stronger than the Roman Empire. It cannot be promoted as something indestructible from the ages. If it has been crushed once, then it can be crushed a second time. And we know that she won. First of all, it was, of course, Christianity, which corroded, disintegrated the core, the religious essence of the Roman Empire. It seems that the relative weakness of fascist statism is explained precisely by this, already once in former history the loss of the religious and creative pathos that surrounded the idol of the Roman Empire. Italy cannot forget this historical past, especially since in front of her eyes, in the very heart of modern pagan Rome, there is the same ancient Vatican, which once defeated the power of Rome. And he is not silent, he is not dead. He is confident in his spiritual power, in his religious invincibility and infallibility.

But, leaving aside these specific features of fascism, we will define only those basic properties that tell us about its belonging to the same dragon body. We will see the same struggle against the human personality, the same cult of the collective, hatred of freedom, the obligatory standard of the well-known world outlook, the perception of the basic principles of fascism, purely dogmatic, without reasoning and with reverence. Finally, the attitude towards the leader is of the same character as in Soviet Russia. The leader is also infallible, he also dictates not only the basic principles of the obligatory world outlook, but also directives for the current needs of every day. Force also replaces law, the beginning of violence is introduced into use. I will only make a reservation (once again) that due to some specific conditions and type of the main idol of statism, as well as the place where its cult develops, all the features in common with communism seem somewhat paler, not so clearly expressed, shaded. But, in essence, there is no fundamental difference between them. We can put it this way: communism was built on a vast empty space, and therefore, at its own discretion, it erected the walls of the building being erected. For fascism, it was necessary to reckon with the ruins of the walls, among which he built new ones, and they somewhat modified his own plan.

Finally, the third totalitarianism is the religion of race, preached in modern Germany... In the sense of the idea underlying this religion, it must be said that it is undoubtedly poorer, more particular and even more provincial than the idea of ​​communism. Communism can lay claim to a certain universalism, to the all-encompassing of its basic principle. COMMUNISMS can develop in different races and states, not competing with each other, but on the contrary, reinforcing and supporting each other. Everywhere there are huts declaring war on palaces, the proletarians of all countries can unite only by gaining from this union. In racism, the situation is the opposite. A person who has adopted modern racism is faced with two possibilities: either he will accept racism in its German version and, together with Hitler and Rosenberg, believe in a special “messianic” chosenness of the German race, to which all lower races, including his own, must submit. Or he, having accepted the basic principle of the race, creates his own race-chosen one, to which all others must submit. Both of these possibilities are easy to imagine, and in reality they exist. But the first of them is unlikely to be widespread and create genuine pathos simply because it is unlikely that broad sections of any people will enthusiastically agree that they should be given into slavery to some other, especially "chosen" people. The second version of racism dooms it to spread within the narrow limits of one race, with an eternal and insoluble rivalry with any other race. Here only a struggle of all against all is possible, and a struggle that does not have any hope of victory in the future. Unless only in its process all opponents will be exterminated without exception. This is the main ideological weakness of the racist concepts of totalitarianism. And in this, of course, he is much more provincial, shtetl communism. But there are aspects to racism that make it in many ways stronger than communism. He appeals not only to the external interests of a person. He appeals to his very nature, to his blood, to the deep, latent instincts of the human soul, to some half-forgotten calls of nature. It is more organic (oddly enough), I would say it is more materialistic than communism, which, in comparison with it, is a kind of cerebral invention and is itself rationalistic, dry and not grounded.

Racism is the mysticism of biology, it is religion space forces, a certain spirit released from the bottle by the alchemist and does not want to return to this bottle. In racism, the hums and groans of "deaf and dumb demons" can be heard all the time. The ancient Pan is resurrected, the magical power of the blood subjugates the de-verbalized humanity. And his magic is extremely strong, the drug power poisons and excites. We can say that as a material for the formation of a pagan religion, it is much richer than communism. And, in addition, he, in contrast to communism, openly recognizes this religious pagan character. And by this we can say that as a religion, it is much more realized than communism, which still cannot get rid of the skepticism of the Enlightenment, although this skepticism is purely external, purely verbal, changing nothing in its true essence. This is the mystical face of racism. How does he realize himself in the world? Here the similarities with his brothers in the religion of totalitarianism are especially striking. The blood underlying everything, of course, is completely incompatible with the spiritual reality of the individual. The personality is controlled - (unless it is given the opportunity to exist in the person of the leader), but in fact he is not a person in our sense of the word, but he is a kind of hypostatic manifestation of the same impersonal sacred Germanic blood.

Personality is abolished - freedom is also abolished in the face of the highest value, which attracts the domination of its chosen ones of fate.

Just as in communism, the totalitarian outlook destroys the possibility of the existence of other views, deviation, disagreement, disagreement ... A person must think as it is beneficial for the whole, and the benefit is determined by the infallible opinion of the leaders. Creativity is also canceled, because creativity is a product of freedom, and when it comes to fundamental and irreducible biological processes, then neither freedom nor creativity is needed - they stand up for themselves. A struggle is being waged against other races, especially against the declared inferior race - Jewry. This is logical from the point of view of racial selection. A fight is being waged against other religions, because racism is declared to be a single religious truth, and the coexistence of two truths is impossible. If we combine what is common in the manifestations of these three types of new paganism, then we must nevertheless say that they are characterized by tremendous strength, genuine pathos, the tension of faith, the sacrificial willingness of each member of their huge body to give themselves up for the good of the whole. The volitional need not only to destroy, but also to build, a certain biological and organic orientation.

All of them are without prejudice, without much of a penchant for white gloves, they are all inspired butchers who want to shred the universe.

Speaking about their heroes, about their supermen, leaders, human-gods, and suddenly you feel some kind of rehash of Nietzsche's motives on the one hand, on the other Smerdyakovsky - “everything is allowed” and, finally, the magical cult of natural-human strength, whose representative was Rudolf Steiner. Yes! Spirits have long been tried to be released from the bottle. Now that this is done, you cannot drive them back!

This is the foreground of the picture I painted at the beginning.

The dragon with three heads is named. Its appearance is clearly visible and does not raise doubts.

But there is one more creature in this picture - this is the most innocent princess, languishing under the threat of his gaze.

By it, I mean modern democracy, of course.

And here I want to say directly and honestly: everyone - who somehow feels connected with democracy, everyone - who owes it in any way, everyone - who in whatever degree believes in its future revival - is simply obliged now without anything hypocrisy, pity, looking back at friends and enemies, absolutely mercilessly to carry out their judgment on her. Our princess is bad and worth little, it is her own fault that she wandered without a path until she fell into the clutches of a dragon. I could not help but get in. And moreover, he will not get out of them, if he is the same as it was, because there is nothing to oppose to the dragon. She has complete poverty.

We Russians have in our literature not only predictions concerning the appearance of modern humanoid religions - in Dostoevsky in the "Grand Inquisitor" or in Shigalev, in Solovyov in the story of the Antichrist - but with the same perspicacious clarity we have been given the appearance of modern democracy, especially strongly and mercilessly in Herzen. As if she was then what she is now. And it was not for nothing that Herzen, a Westerner and a democrat, turned away from her in horror; it was not for nothing that he began to talk about her with such boundless bitterness.

The most characteristic, it seems to me, in modern democracy is a fundamental rejection of any integral world outlook. For a long time, politics has become an impossibility for her, to put some basic principles into practice, but only a game of practical interests, a specific consideration of forces and a choice of compromises, long ago the economy began to exist independently of politics, and political equality coexists with monstrous economic inequality. A complete gap between word and deed is especially characteristic now for democracy: in the word there is still a somewhat pompous declaration of the principles of freedom, equality and brotherhood, and in deed the undisguised power of interests reigns. Public morality (also lavishly declared) is quite compatible with individual immorality. Private life person may be in a flashy conflict with his social activities... World-contemplative integrity is simply unnecessary and does not exist. Again, it is successfully replaced by correctly understood, strictly considered interests.

Where does this strange disintegration of democracy, this fragmentation of each individual personality, this rejection of any unifying principle come from?

Democracy has become a being that does not remember kinship, it renounced the principles that gave rise to it, from Christian culture, from Christian culture, from Christian morality, from the Christian attitude to the human person and freedom.

And in their place did not put anything else. There is no root in the democratic worldview now, there is no center, it was formed, as it were, on some clauses, and the main sentence has been lost. And this disintegration of the democratic image creates a well-known type of person who, first of all, has no religious views, secondly, social work is not based on any general and deep idea, and personal life exists by itself, not united either with a religious or social vocation. And just as each individual person in democracy is a mechanical combination of random and often opposite principles, so the general body of democracy exists, as it were, without a backbone, without a backbone, and at the same time without clearly defined boundaries.

From here it is easy to understand that here, according to Smerdyakovski, everything is allowed. True, for other reasons than in totalitarian world outlooks, the law is not written to me there, because “I” is the law itself, “I” is the highest measure of things. There are generally no unshakable laws, there is no measure for things, everything is relative, everything is shaky, conditional, everything is amenable to only one criterion of fluid and rapidly changing interests. Everything is allowed, because everything is relative and not very important. Today an alliance is concluded - these are the interests of today, and tomorrow an ally is betrayed, because these are the interests of tomorrow. Today they preach economic equality, tomorrow they will vote for the strengthening of capitalism. Today they are fond of communist totalitarianism, and tomorrow - racist totalitarianism.

And everything is not solid, everything is fluid, everything has no solid outlines. It may even be quite natural that in the absence of any higher values, it turns out that the highest value is my little well-being. My little and rather harmless selfishness. After all, in the name of what should I give up a place under the sun to anyone and to anything, if all these applicants for a place under the sun are extremely relative and ephemeral? In the name of what ideas should I sacrifice my well-being, if the relativity of any idea has long been recognized? "We are Kaluga!" - is not at all the principle of communism, which in its totalitarianism absorbs any Kaluga, - this is the principle of a degenerating sick democracy, and it is now triumphant on an entire European scale. As an individual says, "my bank account is good, what's the matter?" - and entire democracies do not understand "what's the matter", since they somehow make ends meet.

Hence, all the grandiose betrayals that we have witnessed over the past years are natural!

Hence the completely senile, physical helplessness and relaxation. Indeed, what is there to be surprised at? The organism disintegrates into constituent cells and it is natural that it cannot resist anything.

The worst thing in modern democracy is its fundamental lack of principle, lack of masculinity, lack of any creative principle. Democracy has become synonymous with philistinism, philistinism, mediocrity!

If in totalitarian world outlooks it is appropriate to talk about the birth of new religions, then in democracies it is necessary to state not only the complete absence of religion, but even the absence in this moment ability to religious perception of reality. If there are dark demonic forces introduced into the game, then only one complete multiplication table reigns here. And this state of affairs results in the impossibility of creating any real hobby - in the absence of pathos, in the absence of a creative principle.

If totalitarianism is terrible, then democracy is simply boring. In the real historical arena, demons are now fighting the bourgeoisie. And most likely, the demons, not the bourgeoisie, will win. And their victory can be twofold: either the bourgeoisie will be simply destroyed by them, or they will infect him with their demonic properties and he (the bourgeoisie) will become a demon himself. So to speak, second-rate, to decide that with wolves to live like a wolf's howl.

The only trouble is that wolves have this howl of a real, wolfish, and their imitators cannot get a real howl, one monkey, one parrot.

All the natural forces that are present in modern mankind, thus, do not provide an opportunity for any optimistic conclusions. The situation is really bad. The hour of the struggle is approaching. Its result is almost a foregone conclusion. It has never happened that the religious principle of any trend, any religious entity, does not conquer its own without a religious opponent. It has never happened that creativity in the name of which it would not be carried out. It was not stronger than mediocrity. It has never happened that a hero, even the most cruel, bloodthirsty and inhuman, would not triumph over the bourgeoisie. It has never happened that the propensity for personal self-sacrifice did not erase the little philistine egoism to dust. It never happened and never will, because it cannot be.

On the paths of the mighty stream of new terrible religions, the triumph of new bloodthirsty idols - democracy (in the form in which it is) is not a dam. It can redistribute its real interests and redistribute party mandates in parliaments. She can imitate leaders and apply their methods of work. It may not release its gold reserves abroad and build airplanes, invent some suffocating gases .... in general, she can do what she pleases, the main thing is that on the modern paths of her existence she will not win. And it is most likely that it will be so, that events make her doomed. Spiritual emasculation bears fruit and ...

Without religious humanity, it perishes ingloriously!

The demon seeing that the room is cleanly swept and empty. He comes and brings the strongest with him and takes possession of her. After all, the room is really empty. Why shouldn't he move in?

Considering everything, weighing everything that history teaches us, that we have known since Herzen's time, what is happening before our eyes, and it seems that we cannot be mistaken in the diagnosis. Actually, there is no place for any hopes in this natural world. In the stream of mutual betrayal, in the stream of small egoisms, today's world will crumble, scatter, scatter ...

Tomorrow's world belongs to the Dragon.

And the only spark of hope that remains in the heart is the hope for some Miracle!

The accounting department tells us that the results were summed up by it accurately, there is no doubt about it. Well, maybe you can exist without accountants and without accounting, just burn her books, confuse all income and expenses. To believe that at the hour of death, even to sinners, heaven opens up, the most unrepentant repent, the dumb begin to prophesy and the blind see visions. It is only in the order of such a miracle that one can now wait for the release, only for him and hope. It is difficult for a human, weary heart to hope, moreover, for a miracle, for something unprecedented, not taken into account. We are too accustomed to the fact that even the most real hopes are cut off and gone, and here we need to hope for something almost ghostly.

And yet there is hope. And there are some hints, only hints, that maybe it is not in vain.

If godless, non-religious humanity (of three dimensions) realizes that no real organism can live like this, if it really will repent to its very last depths, if it returns to the Father's house (from which the cursing of the Father has left!) If it again understands that a religious path lies before him, that it is called to become GOD MANKIND, if it surrenders itself to the will of the Creator, if it understands the insignificance of its small desires, well-being and selfishness, if it finally tells the coming trials that this is the scourge of God (as it was Attila with the scourge of God) and that it itself is to blame for the need for this scourge - in a word, if humanity falls to its Christian origins and is renewed or flourishes with new Christian creativity and lights up with a new Christian fire, then it could be said that even until the very last minute, all is not lost!

There are subtle and subtle signs that hope may not be in vain. There are, firstly, weak signs of a religious revival, which, however, cover only a small part of the cultural elite of democracy. Finally, there is a very loud and courageous voice of various churches defending their truth against the false truths of new religions. There is a strange and paradoxical phenomenon that today Christianity is not persecuted only in democratic countries. There is a guarantee of rebirth - blood of martyrdom, tests of confessors ...

As before, so now is the BLOOD OF MARTYERS - "SEED OF CHRISTIANITY". But these are all just weak indications. For example, the opposite sounds much louder, much more convincing is the smile of some politician, economist, historian, democrat, or fascist - anyway with which he will read these or similar lines. For him, this is a kind of mystical fog, from which he will turn away with annoyance. And he will not be embarrassed by the fact that there are no decisions at all outside this fog.

The question is this: - either through repentance and cleansing the godless, humanity will return to the Father's house and the era of genuine Christian revival will shine, and it will feel like God-manhood, or for many centuries we are doomed to the rule of the beast, the human-god, a new and terrible idolatrous religion.

The third is not given. But the latter is more likely to come true.

Paris, 1937

Towards modern science. Scientific picture of the world

Worldview and natural science knowledge

Prudnikov V.N., Nedelko V.I., Khundzhua A.G.

Worldview and natural science

"It is incomprehensible that God exists, incomprehensible that he does not exist; that we have a soul, that it does not exist; that the world was created, that it is not made by hands ..."

Blaise Pascal.

The main questions for a person about the purpose and meaning of life are closely related to his worldview. A worldview is defined as a system of generalized views on the objective world and a person's place in it, on the attitude of people to the surrounding reality and to themselves, as well as their beliefs, ideals, principles of cognition and activity due to these views.

Despite the fact that a person's worldview is purely individual and it is hardly possible to find two people with identical views on all aspects of life, in the main it all comes down to two types of worldviews: theistic and atheistic. And this division is based on faith in God or on faith in his absence. The choice of the theological system of a person (including atheism) is laid in the first years of life, usually in a family, long before the beginning of his natural science education. Changes in this basis of the worldview happen rarely, and if they do, it is not under the yoke of "scientific evidence", but rather as a result of life upheavals.

In the same phenomena, people, depending on their worldview, can see different essences, as for the interpretation of scientific data, for example, attitudes towards scientific hypotheses. Differences in the solution of the main worldview issues (about God, the Universe as a whole, the planet Earth and life on it) within the framework of the two worldviews can be easily seen in the atheistic and theistic formulations of the anthropic principle, which is worth dwelling on in more detail.

Anthropic principle

We live on the third of the nine planets, rotating in an almost circular orbit around our star, the Sun, at a distance of ~ 150x106 km from it. Of the planets of the solar system, Pluto is the most distant from the Sun - the radius of its orbit is ~ 6x109 km. The closest star to the Sun, Alpha Centauri, is located at a distance of 4 light years (a light year - the distance that light travels in one year is 9.5x1012 km). There are about 50 more nearby stars within a radius of ~ 17 light years. The Sun and other ~ 1011 stars form a Galaxy - the Milky Way. The edge of the observable universe is roughly 109 light years distant.

Such numbers boggle the imagination, and the question of our place in this World involuntarily arises. Is the universe really our home or did we come here by coincidence? When we see how many chances work for us, then there is a certainty that humanity itself is not accidental. Our presence is predetermined right here on Earth.

Let us consider in more detail what exactly causes amazement in the structure of the Universe, the Solar system, the Earth's biosphere, and then it is up to you to decide whether it all happened by accident and organized itself, or is based on the intelligent design of the Creator.

The ranges of science are enormous - cosmology, which operates with ultra-large distances and magnitudes, and the physics of elementary particles at the level of ultra-small masses and dimensions, reveal the amazing structure of the Universe. Science says that the world in which we live, what we see around us and what surrounds us - everything that exists, is determined by three types of interactions: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak (the last two determine the laws of nuclear physics). These interactions determine the laws of micro- and macrocosms: from nuclear reactions and the structure of the atom to the structure of stars and galaxies. The intensity of these interactions is determined by the so-called coupling constants, or coupling constants, sometimes the term world constants is used. Theoretical physicists analyzed the possible consequences of changing the relationship between the coupling constants: it turned out that almost any change in the existing relationship destroys our world, and life on Earth becomes impossible. The universe is so fragile that small changes in the coupling constants have catastrophic consequences.

Nuclear interaction determines the stability of nuclei and processes in the interior of stars and the Sun. If it is 2% weaker and there will be no stable bonds between neutrons and protons, i.e. there are no nuclei, no atoms, etc. If it is 0.3% stronger, then heavy metals will prevail instead of the light elements hydrogen and helium (the two main elements in the Universe).

The gravitational interaction determines the movement of the planets in the solar system, the structure and, as a consequence, the temperature of the stars. The force of gravity that pulls us to the Earth is of a gravitational nature.

Electromagnetic interaction carries out the connection of electrons and nuclei in atoms and the connection between atoms in molecules and crystals. The forces of friction and elasticity are of an electromagnetic nature.

Weak interaction - the rate of radioactive decay, if it were a little less - there would be no neutrons in the Universe, and it would consist exclusively of hydrogen, because the nuclei of all other elements contain neutrons.

The ratio between the constants of nuclear and electromagnetic interactions cannot differ by more than one billionth part - otherwise, stars cannot form.

The constants of the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions are no less precisely coordinated with each other. If their attitude were different and, if it was deviated in one direction, only small stars would exist, and only large stars in the other.

Life on Earth is unthinkable without water, and it turns out that water, a compound of H2O, has a number of unique, including anomalous, properties due to the influence of hydrogen bonds, without which life on Earth would be impossible. From the point of view of chemistry, water is molecular oxygen hydride (an element of group VI of the periodic table). Hydrides of other elements of group VI sulfur, selenium and tellurium, Н2S, Н2Se, Н2Te, in contrast to water, are poisonous and their melting and boiling points lie in the region of negative temperatures, in the range from –10 to –100 ° С.

Water is one of the few substances that expands when freezing; as a result, the ice floats on the water, protecting the reservoirs from freezing from above in winter. Another anomalous property, which also protects water bodies from freezing, is that when the temperature rises from 0 to 4 ° C, the density of water increases (usually, the density increases with increasing temperature). It is thanks to these anomalies, as well as the huge heat capacity of water in reservoirs under the ice, that life is preserved.

It should not be forgotten that water is a universal solvent, due to which chemical reactions can take place in cells.

The optical properties of water vapor are adapted to the transmission of solar radiation, the maximum of which lies in the visible spectrum, and absorption in the earth's atmosphere of the return flow of the Earth's radiation (maximum in the infrared region). As a result temperature regime The Earth differs significantly from the regime of other planets of the solar system with huge daily temperature fluctuations.

The preservation of life on Earth is unthinkable without its anomalously large magnetic field, ionosphere, ozone layer.

This list, concerning literally all aspects of human life, can go on and on, but main conclusion can be done on the basis of the given data. Let us formulate it as follows: the harmony of the world and its fitness for human existence in it can be traced at all levels: from the characteristics of elementary particles, atomic nuclei and atoms to the speed of rotation of the Earth around its axis, the structure of the solar system and the expansion of the universe.

These thoughts are reflected in the anthropic principle, which says: the Universe is like that, because otherwise life is impossible. And further, the formulations of the anthropic principle differ depending on the worldview, since from the anthropic principle follows either the reality of God and the uniqueness of our World, or the denial of God and the plurality of worlds; blind chance, suggesting a myriad of worlds, or the plan of the Creator and the only world of man - the Earth. That is why there are two formulations of the anthropic principle, which read:

The Creator of the World has defined the fundamental laws of physics so that human life is possible on Earth;

There are many worlds, with a chaotic spread of parameters, and most of them are uninhabited. Conditions compatible with life were accidentally created on Earth.

It is clear that the chasm separates these formulations of the anthropic principle, and it is inherent in the worldview. The answers to all the most important questions of mankind are also determined by its worldview. Likewise, the answers to the question: what lies behind the observed Universe will also be alternative.

The Christian worldview asserts: behind the matter is the creative Mind, God, which is not part of The universe, but determining its laws and the path of development.

Atheistic worldview: there is nothing but moving matter, it is blind and devoid of purpose, while it has the ability to self-organization and development, also not subordinate to any goal. The variety of nature and the world is the result of random processes of development of matter.

Let's ask a more specific question, how did our world come about? Again, we get two mutually exclusive answers:

Christian worldview: the Universe, the solar system, the Earth were created in such a way in order to provide opportunities for life on Earth.

Atheistic worldview: matter itself arose as a result of the Big Bang and over time formed the solar system with a system of planets, on one of which, in an incomprehensible way (scientifically inexplicable and not reproducible) as a result of spontaneous generation, organic life appeared; as a result of evolution through mutations and natural selection (these mechanisms are also not controlled by anyone and have no ultimate goal), the current variety of forms of living nature has arisen.

Which system of answers to adhere to is a matter of the free choice of each person and it would not be worth talking about this so much if the atheistic worldview were not persistently imposed on us by the ideologies of communism and globalism. Unfortunately, the atheistic worldview views cited here are declared part of the scientific picture of the world, although the postulates underlying them constitute an object of faith, i.e. have little relation to science and should be taken out of its framework.

Scientific picture of the world

At all times, the awareness of the existence of laws in nature and the possibility of its rational cognition led scientists and philosophers to attempts to paint the scientific picture of the world. At the same time, people have always had enough scientific knowledge available to explain everything in the world, which constitutes the core of the scientific picture of the world - a set of the most stable hypotheses and theories in time, which are now the beginnings of thermodynamics, conservation laws, the constancy of fundamental physical quantities. The replacement of the core of the scientific picture of the world is associated with a revolution in science, due to which the scientific picture of the world is stable, and theories that undermine it meet fierce resistance, both from the scientific community and from near-scientific and far from science strata of society. For the latter, the dominant picture of the world manages to become an object of faith.

The scientific picture of the world is a model formed as a result of unlimited extrapolation of specific limited scientific knowledge beyond the limits of observations and experiments that are possible at a given time. The spontaneously scientific picture of the world extends to the entire conceivable reality... This has been the case at all times, and Newton was no exception, who created the first scientific picture of the world.

Newton, as a theologian and thinker of the largest scale, could not help but think about the problems related to the structure of the Universe. At the same time, he, following his rules, applied the method of induction by analyzing the consequences of the established laws. So, analyzing the consequences of the law of universal gravitation, as applied to the entire universe (although at that time the law was confirmed by the motion of the planets only within the solar system), Newton came to the conclusion that the universe is infinite in space. The Universe should be infinite, since only in this case there could exist equal centers of gravity and many space objects in it. In a finite universe, all these objects would sooner or later merge into a single body (center of the world). Therefore, the foundation of Newton's model of the Universe and many subsequent models (up to the creation of the general theory of relativity at the beginning of the 20th century) was the idea of ​​an infinite space and an uncountable number of space objects. These objects are attracted to each other by the force of gravity, which determines the nature of their movement.

The core of Newton's mechanistic picture of the world was the idea of ​​the material unity of the heavenly and earthly, that is, the world, once created by God and existing according to the natural laws of nature. Mechanical movement was seen as the basis of all phenomena and processes, and gravity was considered the most universal and main force in the Cosmos. The physical picture of the world was drawn in the categories of absolute space and absolute time, existing independently of matter. The creation of matter itself was presented as a kind of distant overture to an endless performance, the action of which is already unfolding according to the natural laws of nature under the influence of gravitational forces.

Newton was also worried about the origin of the universe. He understood that, limiting himself only to mechanical forces, he could not explain not only the origin of the universe, but also the origin of the solar system. Therefore, in matters of origin, Newton resorted to a more powerful than gravity, organizing force, which he thought of God the Creator. The “divine hand” gave the planets the necessary initial impulse for their orbital motion, thanks to which they did not fall on the Sun. Then the movement of the planets was explained by a natural physical reason - the law of universal gravitation. However, there was no explanation for the stable nature of the planetary motion. Moreover, the mutual attraction of the planets should inevitably cause disturbances in their motion and as a result of deviations from strictly elliptical trajectories. These deviations could be of a secular nature, increasing with time, and Newton concluded that it was necessary from time to time to correct, through divine intervention, the mechanism of planetary motion, shaken by mutual perturbations, i.e. wind up the "world clock," as Leibniz aptly put it.

Phenomenological, but based on strict quantitative laws, Newton's physics determined the main features of a new, cosmophysical picture of the world, which for two centuries became a guiding and controlling factor in the development of natural science. But Newton's worldview ideas did not inspire in everything the eighteenth century coming after Newton's century - the century of enlightenment, the century of reborn materialistic teachings. It took half a century of development not of science, but mainly of an atheistic worldview, for the idea of ​​a divine "initial impetus" to be categorically rejected. Its place in natural science was taken by the forgotten idea of ​​the natural evolution of matter in the Cosmos, the driving force of which this time was gravity.

Newton's discovery of the fundamental laws of mechanics gave rise to an opinion about their universalism, and the understanding of these laws, as well as the discovery of new ones, is a guarantee of a complete understanding of nature and society and power over them. In such a world, subject to strict mathematical laws, in the opinion of atheists there was no place for God. Science was called upon to explain the origin of the solar system - the founder of these ideas was the French scientist J. Buffon. According to Buffon, all the planets were formed from a jet of fire-breathing substance knocked out of the Sun when it collided with a comet (Newton himself pointed out the possibility of such a collision); further, planets, including the Earth, were formed from the fragments of the jet.

The classic of German philosophy Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) went even further, not confining himself to considering the solar system, but directing his thoughts into the vastness of the universe. Putting forward the ideas of the evolution of the universe, Kant worked out in detail the cosmogony of the solar system, including the origin of the sun, which was later called the "nebular hypothesis." The main disadvantage Kant's cosmogony - the assumption about the possibility of the appearance of rotational motion of the system as a result of the interaction of its constituent parts.

Many shortcomings of Kant's hypothesis were eliminated by the great French scientist P.S. Laplace (1749-1827). In 1796 Laplace, in his Exposition of the System of the World, suggested that the same gravitational forces that determine the motion of the planets could be considered the cause of the solar system and considered the possibility of its formation from an initially rotating rarefied nebula. Under the influence of gravitational forces, the cooling of the nebula was accompanied by compression, which led to the formation of a star - the Sun in its center - and, at the same time, to the exfoliation of rings in the equatorial plane, from which, in the end, the planets and their satellites were formed. Within a short time, Laplace's hypothesis became popular and seemed to prove the omnipotence of a rational approach to explaining nature. If Kant assigned God in his cosmogony the role of the creator of matter, then the atheist Laplace rejected God altogether. It is known that when Napoleon Bonaparte, who showed an interest in natural sciences and especially in mathematics, asked Laplace about the place of God in the system of the world, he arrogantly replied: "Sire, I do not need this hypothesis."

Thus, in less than a hundred years, Newton's scientific picture of the world, of which God the Creator and Provider was an integral part, first lost the Provider, and then, in the Laplace system, the Creator. And they are trying to convince us that this happened under the pressure of scientific facts. But in this case, such a turn would be final and irreversible, however, in later times there were scientists no less large than Laplace, possessing a significantly greater amount of knowledge, who did not reject God and adhered to the Christian worldview. And in the 19th and early 20th centuries, such scientists were in the majority. So the Christian worldview was adhered to by Ampere, Becquerel, Volta, Gauss, Dalton, Joule, Kelvin, Coulomb, Charles, Mayer, Maxwell, Om, Planck, Faraday. Although Albert Einstein was not a Christian, he was not an atheist either.

Would it be correct to say that the Christian scientists were not convinced by Laplace's hypothesis due to a number of its significant fatal flaws, the most important of which is the inconsistency in the distribution of angular momentum between the Sun and the planets, the reverse rotation of Venus and Uranus? Unlikely. Let us ask one more question - how far has science advanced in the knowledge of nature since the time of Laplace? The successes of science in the material sphere are colossal; it is the basis of technical progress that has embraced many aspects of human activity. Science paints a picture of the world with the colors of many branches of natural science, but it should be recognized that in matters of the origin of the Universe, the Solar System, and the Earth, new hypotheses are more likely the fruit of a sophisticated mind, albeit equipped with the most modern mathematical sophistication, than a reflection of some new discoveries and laws of physics. It is not for nothing that Laplace's hypothesis, corrected and modified, for example by O.Yu. Schmidt, and is still in use, although its shortcomings are currently not only not eliminated, but have become even more obvious. The conclusion suggests itself - the basis of the scientific picture of the world is the worldview, which is not limited only to the data of science. That is why atheists and Christians, operating with the same amount of scientific knowledge, manage to draw fundamentally different scientific pictures of the world.

Bibliography

For the preparation of this work were used materials from the site portal-slovo.ru/

The modern concept of the scientific picture of the world

Systems approach

Global evolutionism

Conclusion

List of sources

Excerpt from the text

Science is one of the stages in the evolution of human culture. Having gone through several preliminary stages from antiquity to the Renaissance, science in its developed form absorbed the achievements of other branches of culture, including philosophy and religion, representing a whole qualitatively new phenomenon.

The scientific picture of the world is a set of theories in the aggregate describing known to man the natural world, an integral system of ideas about the general principles and laws of the structure of the universe. Since the picture of the world is a systemic formation, its change cannot be reduced to any single, albeit the largest and most radical, discovery. Usually, it comes about a whole series of interrelated discoveries in the main fundamental sciences. These discoveries are almost always accompanied by a radical restructuring of the research method, as well as significant changes in the very norms and ideals of scientific character.

Being integral system ideas about the general properties and laws of the objective world, the scientific picture of the world exists as a complex structure that includes, as its component parts, the general scientific picture of the world and the picture of the world of individual sciences (physical, biological, geological, etc.) knowledge based on the physical picture of the world, but this does not mean at all that it is formed only in physics lessons

The purpose of the work is to consider the relationship, philosophical and scientific pictures of the world, to identify the features and traits of each of them and something in common. - to analyze the scientific pictures of the world;

In modern science, the comprehension of the picture of the world takes place on the basis of the study of folklore and myths with the help of culturological, linguistic and semiotic analysis of collective consciousness. The picture of the world most often means the scientific picture of the world, which contains the system general principles, concepts, laws and visual representations, which determines the style of scientific thinking at this stage in the development of science and human culture. There are many definitions of the scientific picture of the world, it is still impossible to give an unambiguous interpretation of this concept, most likely due to the fact that it is somewhat vague and occupies an intermediate position between philosophical and natural science.

In contrast, the pace of social development in a technogenic civilization is accelerated, development in all spheres is intensive. Traditions and established norms give way to innovation, creative activity as a result of which, new ideas, goals and values ​​are born.

This work is devoted to the scientific picture of the world. The main purpose of the work is to consider the features of the scientific picture of the world. Study the models of cognition in the scientific picture of the world.

The evolution of the scientific picture of the world to this day remains a complex and controversial topic. But modern physics has already come to the edge that goes beyond the concept of experience, which also calls into question the traditional scientific methodology. The very development of science in the near future remains a question, since the modern era of postmodernism casts doubt on the very need for a scientific understanding of the world.

List of sources

1. Gorbachev V.V. Concepts of modern natural science: Textbook. manual for university students / V.V. Gorbachev. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: Publishing house "Peace and Education", 2005. - 672 p.

2. Ivanov-Shits, A.K. Concepts of modern natural science: A course of lectures. MGIMO educational website:

• ? http: //www.limm.mgimo.ru/science/intro.html? (01/19/13).

3. Nekrasov S.I., Nekrasova N.A., Penkov V.E. Evolutionary-synergetic paradigm: problems, searches, solutions. Teaching aid for undergraduates and postgraduates - M .: RGAU-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazeva, 2007 .-- 100 p.

4. The systematic approach and the principle of activity: Methodological problems of modern science / Compiled by: A. P. Ogurtsov, B. G. Yudin. - M .: Nauka, 1978 - 378 p.

bibliography

Knowing our picture, we know our basic motivations. And this allows us to build our life so that everything we do corresponds to our basic views of the world. Then, whatever we undertake, it will have a better chance of success. After all when the head (consciousness) and heart (subconsciousness) work in unison, we are most effective. For example, if a person believes in karma and justifies all difficult circumstances by it, then he is forced to endure and bear his cross. Realizing this for himself, he can consciously choose a cross that will suit the innate nature of man. Then life will be more joyful, and perseverance in bearing the cross will eventually allow you to achieve great success in your chosen field. And if in the picture of the human world the basic value is development, then any difficult life situation can be a self-help challenge.

The picture of the world does not determine the way of solving life problems, but it answers the question “Why?”. And the way is dictated by our nature, which should also be realized and taken into account. If we leave everything to chance, then we act chaotically and often destroy our harmony with the Universe. Therefore, the foundations of your perception of the universe should be formed consciously.

Awareness of the inner model of the world will not bring relief and will not fulfill desires, but will show your illusions and delusions. And gradually, as you develop, you will be able to clear your picture of the world, while maintaining the integrity of your personality. This will make life happier and more creative.

What happens when we are not aware of our picture of the world

Since childhood, I have loved to come up with projects for myself. And when he graduated from the institute, he began to try to create different businesses. One of these projects was the sale chinese tea in a colorful cardboard box with fantasy pictures and Taoist quotes.

I found a print shop, made a box cutter, drew 6 different packages of quotes, ordered tea in China and put it all together. With a box of my already beautifully packaged teas in front of me in the room, it was time to sell them. I took a few packs and went to the nearest yoga studio to offer them my tea. I didn’t work, they didn’t need tea, and I became thoughtful. There was emptiness inside me. A week ago I was on fire with this project, with enthusiasm I came up with packaging, created a website and studied competitors. But after the product was ready, the project ceased to interest me. And this is not the first time this has happened!

Before tea, there were 13 other business projects in which I created a product with enthusiasm, but stopped after the turn of the routine came. Similar things happened in childhood, so I had my own answer to this ... I thought that I like working with information, exploring a new field of activity. And when I received knowledge that was interesting for me, then there was nothing left in the project that could captivate me. But after I realized my picture of the world, I understood what was the matter ... and after realizing my nature, I understood it even deeper.

In my picture of the world, the meaning of life is to comprehend your Primordial nature and at the end to completely merge with it, thus freeing yourself from the need to be reborn in this world. That is, my basic values ​​are freedom and knowledge. This is what I love at the beginning of my projects - learning new things and creating new things freely. And when I was faced with the fact that I need to start doing some routine things for me, the interest in the project fades away. My consciousness believed that self-development needed money, and my subconscious was sure that I needed freedom and knowledge. When I reached the stage in the project, after which new knowledge ended and lack of freedom began, my heart protested. I started to get lazy and felt empty, lack of energy to continue the project.

Now that I understand all this, I need to build my life so as not to deprive myself of the freedom of creativity, to manifest my nature, which strives for miracles, and not to limit my knowledge. That is, we need such projects and such methods (forms) of interaction with the world that will not generate a struggle between my consciousness and subconsciousness.

I must admit that I am still learning to organize my life according to my nature and picture of the world. This is very unusual and very different from the hackneyed truths that are promoted in books and society. Periodically, you need to overcome self-doubt, doubts and fears. I am still working on myself in this direction and so far I cannot be an example 🙂 But my mind and heart are still in greater harmony now than before.

Awareness of your death and overcoming fear

When we build our picture of the world, we are faced with a number of questions:

• Where did the universe come from?
• What happened before her appearance?
• What will happen after the disappearance of the universe?
• Was I in this Universe before I was born?
• What will happen after my death?

Basically, we start asking questions about the beginning of everything and the end of everything and our personal beginning and end. In the Taoist picture of the world, we and the Universe are one whole. Therefore, all these questions are about the same 🙂 The difficulty of self-knowledge is that we have a mortal part and a primordial one, this gives rise to duality. And the task of spiritual development is to restore unity within ourselves, and this, in turn, restores our unity with the Universe.

We are looking for something, and in the end, we are looking for God or something higher, primordial, omnipotent. What our picture of the world will be depends on our answer to questions about death. If a person does not want to answer these questions and drives away thoughts of death, then his picture of the world remains unfinished. Such a person is always looking for something, feels vague anxiety and inner incompleteness. He does not know why he lives and constantly doubts his decisions. And if a person removes God or something primordial from the picture of the world, then he deprives himself of the beginning and end, deprives himself of the foundation and motive. Then, as you grow older, the burdensomeness of life increases, an inner emptiness is felt. And passing through personal crises, we finish building or remake our model of the world in order to cope with thoughts of death. But it also happens that a person cannot cope with this and dies without finding his foundation (the foundation of the entire Universe).

And of course, comprehending the Universe and creating a picture of the world, we put our delusions into it. For example, many people believe that their raison d'être is development. As we develop, we supposedly help God to know himself. A beautiful theory, but if we take into account that God is a perfect absolute, then he simply has nowhere to develop and nothing to cognize ... Since any knowledge implies that we do not know something (and then God is no longer an absolute). When I first stumbled upon this idea, I walked around in confusion for several days, since my picture of the world was destroyed. The base was knocked out from under my feet and I did not know why I live 🙂

In the Taoist worldview, the Tao has no goals in relation to me. But there is a path, following which we leave the wheel of rebirth and can either go to live in the spiritual immaterial worlds, or even transcend all worlds and merge with Tao. Well, when there is a path, it is curious to walk along it 🙂 Moreover, this is a very unusual and magical road!

How to understand your picture of the world

When a child comprehends the world by asking questions, a huge network of various concepts and connections between them is built in his mind. And, sooner or later, the child realizes that everyone is mortal. Questions arise about the beginning and end of life. During this period, the basis of the built tree of the world (concepts and connections) begins to form. At the bottom lies something that is the beginning and the end. Therefore, in order to understand your picture of the world, it is important to realize this very foundation, since everything else follows from it.

The model of the world is always based on 3 concepts: I, the World and the Source of everything. All human decisions depend on the relationship between these basic concepts! Therefore, to understand your picture of the world, you need to ask yourself the following questions:

• Who am I? Why did I choose this answer and how is it convenient for me?
• Where I am? And who created all this or how did it all appear?
• What is my relationship with the world and the source of everything? Am I part of the world or part of the source? Is there some original design for me? If so, what is it? If there is no plan, then do I have any obligations to the world or source, obligations of the world to the source and source to me and the world?

Answers should be born in the heart, that is, come to consciousness from emptiness, and not be generated through complex reflections! Our task at the first stage is to realize the picture of the world that already exists now. And then, we will deal with its restructuring and attunement with our nature. In the meantime, it is important not to come up with an answer, but simply to sincerely answer what arises in the mind. It is best to ask yourself the question out loud and write down the answer on paper so you don't forget anything.

Having received the answers, it is important to think about each of them ... why is this answer convenient for me? For example, if I consider myself an immortal soul, why is it convenient? Is there a conflict in my picture of the world? Or maybe my model of the world removes any conflicts from my life?

If the world was created, then what is the meaning of this creation? Is there some purpose for everything or some promises and obligations of the participants?

What is inherent in your picture of the world is reality! It is important to realize and accept. The relationships that exist in the model between you, the world and the source of everything are reflected in all your relationships with other living beings! Everything that in our life does not fit into our picture of the world will be considered rubbish. We value only what is considered valuable in our picture of the world. For example, if in the picture of the world our task is to help others, and we work in a company that spoils the environment, we will be unhappy, even if we receive a lot of money for our work! AND for a long time such a person may not even understand what gnaws at him, why he feels dissatisfaction with life, despite all the generally accepted attributes of success.

You can understand a lot about yourself by reflecting on your picture of the world and why it is that way (that is, why it is convenient for you). After all, all the bricks of which it consists did not get there by chance! Each of the pieces was convenient for you at one time or another, explained life and promised hope, and therefore formed the basis of your understanding of the world. Having realized these nuances, you can see your illusions and fears, understand your basic motives and realize in what relationship you are now with yourself! Because our relationship with the source of everything and with the world is, in fact, our relationship with ourselves (since the world, we and Tao are one)!

Checking our understanding of the picture of the world

Since our values ​​flow from the picture of the world, we can use them to test our sincerity. Our ego constantly protects itself and we can lie to ourselves in order to appear better in our own eyes than we are. Therefore, it will not be superfluous if we check how accurately we formulated our model of the world.

To test, take the following values ​​and prioritize them (most valuable to least valuable):

• Love relationship between a man and a woman (sexual partners).
• Family and close friends.
• Money and material well-being.
• Pleasure and relaxation.
• Self-realization (for example, in a career or business).
• Personal self-development (more mundane, skills, languages, personal effectiveness, etc.).
• Spiritual self-development (aimed at virtuous qualities).
• Health and sports.
• Freedom and inner harmony.

If some values ​​are missing from the list, then add them. It is important that you get a clear sequence of those areas of life that are valuable to you.

After the values ​​are prioritized, look at the 3 values ​​that matter most to you. They have to be somehow reflected in your picture of the world! If this is not so, for example, in the picture of the world, the idea of ​​creating the world is for you to develop endlessly, and in your values ​​family, pleasure and relationships are in the first place, then somewhere you lied to yourself 🙂 And most likely, you distorted your picture of the world in order to seem more correct to ourselves.

When I first took an inventory of my values, I sincerely believed that in my picture of the world, the main goal of life is spiritual development. But I was very surprised that the most valuable for me were freedom, pleasure and self-realization. After such a reassessment, I was forced to admit that I was lying to myself about spiritual development. Yes, it is important to me, but it is not in the first place. And I have corrected my picture of the world, in which the realization of my nature has become more of the main goal of life, and spiritual development follows.

Theoretically, you can change your values ​​without touching the picture of the world ... But this, it seems to me, will give rise to an internal struggle with oneself. When I reach a new stage in my development, my picture of the world will automatically change and affect values. In the meantime, it is important not to lie to yourself in order to realize what is.

After the picture of the world has cleared up a little, it's time to start interpreting it. That is, to reflect on it and think about where it leads. How to change your life to fit your model of the world. This alignment will remove internal conflicts and bring harmony to your soul. But we will do this next time 🙂 In the meantime, I wish you success on the Path and health!

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The essence ʼʼ background knowledgeʼʼ is the scientific picture of the world (NKM), through which the transfer of fundamental ideas, principles, as well as a system of values ​​from one science to another takes place. (Ibid.)

Indeed, modern science has developed the concept of a scientific picture of the world, which unites and explains a certain range of phenomena and processes of nature (natural-scientific picture of the world), society (socio-philosophical picture of the world) and human consciousness (social and humanitarian picture of the world).

The term “scientific picture of the world” was introduced into scientific circulation by the German scientist Hertz, who understood by NCM he understood the “internal image of the world, which was formed by the scientist as a result of the study of the external, objective world. If this image adequately reflects real processes, then the principles and laws of NKM should correspond to the objective laws of the external world.

As F. Engels wrote, ʼʼthe philosophy of each epoch possesses the quality prerequisites certain mental material that was passed on to her by her predecessorsʼʼ. However, NKM includes as prerequisites mental material is not only philosophical, i.e. social and humanitarian, but also natural scientific knowledge, a huge mental layer of the era, as well as deeply individual, personal impressions and sensations that make up the subjective world of a scientist, philosopher, writer, etc. In this regard, A. Einstein noted that a person seeks in some adequate way to create for himself a simple and clear picture of the world in order to, to a certain extent, replace this world with a picture created in this way̌. This is what the artist, poet, theorizing philosopher and natural scientist do, each in his own way. On this picture and its formation, a person transfers the center of gravity of his spiritual life in order to find peace and confidence in it, which he cannot find in the too tight dizzying cycle of his own life.

Indeed, NKM largely determines life path person, represents the highest scientific value and even the ideal of the individual, to which he is always forced to be equal and which he must follow in everything. NKM, especially in social and humanitarian knowledge, ultimately determines the personality of a scientist, artist and poet, and the historical stage of spiritual production.

Thus, in the social and humanitarian knowledge, NCM is of a personal nature.
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It reflects, of course, both the evidence of subjective everyday experience, and the scientific concepts of physics, chemistry, astronomy, and the entire spiritual, cultural and historical layer that a person perceived, processed and embodied in his creativity, life, in activity, for a person is associated with culture, cultural values ​​the closest ties. He (a person) interacts with culture from three sides firstly, a person assimilates culture, past cultural experience (cultural picture of the world), being an object of cultural influence. This is the era of "discipleship", the time of accumulation of knowledge. Secondly, a person actively acts in the cultural environment as a bearer and exponent of cultural values, mainly ᴇᴦο the role is still reduced to the consumption of past values. The third aspect is that a person creates culture, new cultural values, creates his own cultural picture of the world, being a full subject of cultural creativity.