Housing statistics.

The dwelling included in the public service system forms a human habitat and is an important component of his quality of life. The statistics of housing conditions and municipal services studies the presence, composition and condition of the housing stock, its improvement, the production activities of enterprises and services that provide the population with water, heat, gas, sewage services, hotels and other types of location of settlements. Sources of data are the forms of state statistical observation, departmental statistical reports, censuses and micro and special surveys of the population.

Housing conditions are characterized by indicators: housing fund, the movement of the housing stock, overhaul and reconstruction of the Housing Fund, the improvement of the housing stock, the provision of the population in housing. Housing Fund is a set of all residential premises regardless of ownership forms, including residential buildings and specialized homes (hostels, orphanages, boarding schools, etc.), apartments, service residential premises, other residential premises suitable for accommodation. The total area of \u200b\u200bresidential buildings is the sum of the living space and the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartments of the apartments. Living area - area of \u200b\u200bresidential rooms in residential buildings and rooms.

Housing equipment equipment includes water supply, sewage, central heating, bathtubs (shower), gas network and liquefied in the presence of installed floor gas stove, hot water supply. The security of the population is housing - the number of common and residential areas per inhabitant.

Municipal service statistics studies the activities of utilities and services for the provision of public utilities,

sewage, heat supply and hotels. The data source are forms

state statistical observation. The system of public service of the population is characterized by the following basic statistical indicators.

The length of the outdoor water supply network, under which the network of pipelines, laid along the streets, travel and embankments. The production capacity of the water supply is determined by the maximum amount of water that can be submitted to the network per day. The security of the population by centralized water supply is the average daily vacation of water per resident.

The length of the outdoor sewage network, under which the pipelines laid along the streets, travel and embankments are understood. The capacity of sewage treatment plants is characterized by the amount of waste fluid, which they can skip the day. The proportion of wastewater skipping through purification is determined by the ratio of the amount of waste water to the passage of all wastewater.

The length of thermal networks is determined by the length of the channel's route with two pipelines laid in it. The heat capacity of the heating boiler installations is determined by the sum of the rated capacities of all the boilers installed in them.

The total area of \u200b\u200bhotels is the area of \u200b\u200ball their numbers and utility rooms. One-time capacity of hotels is the number of fixed fixed beds in all rooms.

One of the most important indicators characterizing the standard of living of the population still remains housing. In Russia, the housing problem is very acute. In the queue for housing and improving housing conditions at the beginning of 2001. There have been 11% of the total number of families. The main source of public utilization is a new housing construction. For 2000 In the area built due to all sources of financing 30.3 million square meters. meters. Compared to 1999, the entry of housing decreased by 5.3% (by 1.7% million square meters).

In recent years, further decentralization of housing financing is occurring. In the conditions of the limited budget financial resources, the main sources of housing financing are the funds of the population, their own funds of enterprises and organizations.

The financial position of the majority of enterprises and organizations is complex; Cash for the construction of housing is limited, so the population is increasingly looking for ways to solve the improvement of its living conditions. Enter individual housing houses is carried out in all cities and regions of the country. But the deterrent to the development of individual housing construction continues to be lack of funds from the population.

Public health statistics

Includes health statistics, incidence statistics, disability statistics, statistics of industrial injuries. The state system of statistical observation in the Russian Federation in the field of public health provides for the passage of statistical data and information through the regional authorities of the health care system, social protection, sanitary and epidemiological supervisory services and state statistics. Sources of information are the forms of federal state statistical observation, primary accounting medical and other accounting documentation, one-time accounting, sample surveys. The statistical data obtained serve as the initial basis in the practical work of government and management bodies. Information is used to form a unified state policy in the field of health and social protection of the population.

Characteristics of Health Development Level (1998-2000)

Analysis of statistical materials shows that (1998 - 2000) in Russia a significant number of health care facilities just closed

"RIGHT"\u003e Table 1

Medical preventive institutions
Number of hospital institutions thousand
The number of hospital beds thousand
Of the total number of hospital beds Koyki for sick children thousand
The number of beds for pregnant women and fencers thousand
The number of beds for gynecological patients thousands
The number of medical ambulatory-polyclinic institutions thousand
Number of women's consultations, children's clinic and ambulatory milk.
The number of Feldsher points thousand

In three years, the number of hospitals decreased by 0.4 (or 3.6%), the number of medical ambulatory-polyclinic institutions increased by 0.9%, the number of women's consultations, children's clinic and ambulatory increased by 2.6%, and the number of paramedic -Kuchorsk items decreased by 0.4%.

Despite the above data, the volume of construction of medical institutions increases. For example, if in 1998, hospital institutions (beds) 7321 were put into effect, then in 2000 - by 2213 beds, or 30.2% more. Currently, the number of hospitals increases, but mostly is a private institution, which is very expensive.

Almost the same situation also developed with outpatient polyclinic institutions. Compared to 1998, in 1999, it was put into effect at 21268 visits to shift, in 2000 - at 3506, or 16.5% more. And if we compare 2000 since 1999, it is noted a significant decrease in the input of outpatient polyclinic institutions, that is, in 1999 there were 27997 visits to shift, which is 11.5% more than in 2000, the data is certainly old, but All the same, they allow you to trace the development trends in the last 5 years.

It is also important to go sports. Statistics of physical culture and sports studies the quantitative characteristics of the development of a network of sports facilities, their placement, personnel, the number of physical culture and sports (by sports). Sources of data are annual forms of federal state statistical observation, primary accounting documentation. Statistical information is used to form a unified state policy in the field of tourism and recreation, physical culture and sports.

Conclusion

In recent years, the indicators of living standards in Russia have really increased, as evidenced by the growth of monetary incomes of the population, including wages and pensions. Entrepreneurs of a number of industries were able to improve the situation with the payment of labor, including the growth of nominal wages.

At the same time, despite the positive dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, there is a significant differentiation of the population in terms of income, low salary in a number of sectors of the economy, high poverty. In 2000-2002, the volume of nominal cash income per capita increased by 35%. At the same time, real disposable money incomes increased by 9%, the amount of cash flows also increased (33%). Exceeding income over expenses has reached almost 3%. Significantly decreased share of expenses aimed at buying currency, the acquisition of securities and the formation of savings and contributions to banks. And on the contrary, the cost of nutrition and the acquisition of essential items increased.

In 2003, raising the life level of the population will continue. Nominal monetary incomes of the population on economists forecast will grow by 26%. Realily disposed of money incomes will increase by 7%. Still basic expenses will be aimed at purchasing food and essential items.

Raising the standard of living of the population is the main goal of any progressive society. The state is obliged to create favorable conditions for the long, safe, healthy and prosperous life of people, providing economic growth and social stability in society.

Bibliography:

1. Social status and standard of living of the population in Russia: statistical compilation. / State Statistics Committee of Russia. - M., 2001.

2. Statistics uch.P.P. Golovanov I.G. With P. 1998.

3. Metals online

far from comprehensive and do not determine the entire complex of the target mobility of development and effective

a complete approach to solving this problem. This is only evaluating urban real estate in conditions of many

the need to carry out further research, uncertainty, which will be a scientific basis for

in the direction of developing methodological foundations for the national economic system of the country.

Literature

1. Course of economic theory: General foundations of economic theory. Microeconomics. Macroeconomics. Basics of the National Economy: Tutorial. - M.: Publishing House "Business and Service", 2001. - 832 p.

2. Ananin O.I. What happens to economic science? // origins. From the experience of studying the economy as structures and process. - M.: IDGU - HSE, 2006. - P. 260-261.

3. Nekpelov A.D. Popular economic encyclopedia. - M.: Large Russian Encyclopedia, 2001. - 367 p.

4. Dyachenko M.V. Stabilization financial policy of the state: conceptual ideas // Finance and credit. - 2012. - № 8 (488). - P. 59-67.

5. Shokin I.N. Structural policy in the long term: tasks and priorities // Problems of forecasting. - 2007. - № 5. - P. 3-15.

6. Yaskova N.Yu. To the issue of real estate restructuring (well forgotten old) // Real estate: Economy, management. - 2015. - № 2. - P. 18-25.

7. Sarchenko V.I. Methodology for the development and implementation of innovative solutions for the complex residential building of the territory of the General Plan of the city with a hidden investment potential: Tutorial // Krasnoyarsk: ICI SFU, 2014. - 235 p.

8. Royal K.Yu. Criteria for assessing the effectiveness of innovation in construction // Construction economy. - 2012. - № 5. - P. 58-61.

9. Peshkov V.V. Economic interests in investment and construction activities // Izvestia IGEA. - 2007. - № 3 (53). - P. 74-77.

housing conditions of the population as a result of the management and development of residential real estate in the Russian Federation

I.A. Saenko,

associate Professor, Department of Designing Buildings and Real Estate Examination of the Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk), Candidate of Economic Sciences [Email Protected]

The article analyzes the size of the size, technical condition and landscape of the housing stock, as well as an assessment of indicators characterizing the housing conditions of the population of the Russian Federation, which make it possible to determine the effectiveness of the housing policy by the state.

Keywords: housing politics, population, housing conditions, housing fund, analysis

UDC 332.81 BBK 65.051

In economic literature and in the practice of housing is often resorted to the use of the term housing conditions, but there is no generally recognized definition of this concept. Most often, housing conditions are defined as a set of indicators characterizing: the location, the size of the residential area per person, the degree of improvement of housing. According to the author, housing conditions should be wider as a totality of characteristics reflecting the possibility of individuals and societies as a whole satisfy the need for housing. Housing conditions have a significant impact on the quality of life of the population, are an indicator of the living standards of the citizens and the basis of the formation of a state housing policy.

Under housing policy, it should be understood by the policy of state power and local government aimed at providing those who need housing, increasing its consumer properties and developing activities aimed at acquiring housing, which is currently being implemented in practice through the implementation of the priority national project "Affordable and Comfortable Housing - citizens of Russia.

Directly satisfying the housing needs of citizens is called "Residential Premises", which is legally enshrined in the Russian Federation. So, in accordance with Article 15 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the residential premises is recognized as an isolated premises, which is immovable property and is suitable for permanent residence of citizens (meets the established sanitary and technical rules and regulations, other requirements of law). "

At the same time, residential building is recognized as a residential building, apartment, room.

The combination of all residential premises according to paragraph 1 of Art. The 19th Housing Code of the Russian Federation is a housing foundation, each unit of which, if not destroyed or is not physically damaged, can produce a continuous flow of consumer services, and the quality of service provision depends, first of all, on the characteristics of the residential premises themselves, which generally determine the condition of the entire fortification , dynamically changing in time.

The main results of the effectiveness of the housing policy can, according to the author, be evaluated through the system of the following groups of indicators:

Security housing;

Technical condition of the residential foundation;

Level of improvement of residential premises;

Availability of housing;

Citizen satisfaction with housing conditions.

The choice of indicators is due mainly by the base

data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (FSGS). For the objectivity of the assessment of housing conditions of the Russian population, the analysis of indicators is supplemented from the position of international comparisons.

One of the most important indicators characterizing the housing security of the population is the total area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises, incurred on average per resident (Fig. 1). The level of the indicator for the analyzed period rose by 2.9 square meters. M or by 13.5% and is 23.7 square meters at the end of 2014. m.

200? 2006 200? 2008 2009, 2010, 2012, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2014. 1. The total area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises occurring on average per resident in the Russian Federation, square. M.

According to S.V. Nikolaev - CEO of TsNIIEP dwelling, housing provision, which practically satisfies domestic needs, is 28-30 square meters. M of the total area per person. The international standard of housing conditions developed by the UN and UNESCO provides that for each resident there should be at least 30 square meters. m. The total area of \u200b\u200bhousing that each household needs to have a separate accommodation of the traditional type.

In the Russian Federation, most of the population lives in apartments and individual houses. Figure 2 shows the data characterizing the overall availability of apartments and their number in the composition of the rooms in the Russian Federation for the period under study.

On the basis of these figures 2, you can draw the following conclusions:

In 2005, in the Russian Federation numbered

57.4 million apartments, and in 2014 60.8 million apartments, that is, in terms of the amount of growth amounted to 3.4 million apartments, and in relative terms increased by 5.9%;

The composition of the residential fund leads two-room apartments, in 2005 their number was 23.2 million (40.4%), and in 2014 23.9 million (39.3%), that is, the proportion decreased by 1.1%, But at the same time there is an increase in absolute terms by 0.7 million apartments, and in relative growth amounted to 3.02%;

Three-bedroom apartments occupy second place in the structure of residential fund, in 2005 they had 16.8 million (29.3%), and in 2014 17.5 million (28.8%), that is, the proportion decreased by 0.4 %, however, in absolute terms, the increase was 0.7 million apartments or 4.2%;

In third place, one-bedroom apartments, the number of which in 2005 was 13.3 million (23.2%), and in 2014

14.5 million (23.9%), that is, the proportion increased by 0.7%,

at the same time, the growth of apartments is significant and amounted to 1.2 million or 9%;

The most significant increase in relative terms is observed for four or more indoor apartments - 19.5%, but in absolute terms, their number increased by 0.7 million from 4.1 million (7.1%) in 2005 to 4.9 million (8.1%), that is, the proportion increased by 1%;

In the structure of the residential fund, there were no significant changes, two-room and three-room apartments prevail, but it is worth noting a decrease in their specific gravity, and, on the contrary, the growth of one-room, four-room and more apartments.

It follows from the above, it follows that there is an increase in the level of security of the population of Russia housing, but it does not comply with the norm of the security and social standards of the UN, and also significantly lags behind the level of developed countries, which averages 35-45 square meters. m per person. The greatest lag - from Norway, where there are about 74 square meters per capita. M and USA - 65 square meters. m of the total area of \u200b\u200bhousing.

It is worth noting that most of the population of Russia lives in single and two-bedroom apartments, and in international practice to assess the housing conditions of the population, in addition to the housing area, a number of housing security is used as the main characteristics of housing security, the number "Number of tenants, Come on average per room of residential premises. " According to the existing FSGS statistics, it is difficult to evaluate this indicator, so we will use the study of the organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD), which measures the achievements of countries of the world in terms of the well-being of their population. So, in the Russian Federation, according to OECD, for 2015, this figure is 0.9 rooms per person. For comparison in Canada - 2.5 rooms, in Norway and the Netherlands - 2.0 rooms, and, on average, 36 countries that are involved in the study, the level of the indicator is 1.8 rooms per person.

Further, indicators characterizing the technical condition of the Housing Fund in the Russian Federation should be considered to evaluate the housing conditions of the population. The technical condition of the housing stock characterize the indicators: the amount and proportion of it in it of dilapidated and emergency housing, as well as entering new housing. Vetchim is recognized as housing that ceases to meet the basic requirements of exploitation, and emergency - if, in addition, it is dangerous for living.

Figure 3 shows the data characterizing the technical condition and renewal of the Housing Fund of the Russian Federation.

60 -50 -40 30 20 10 0

i are alone

¡One-bedroom and three-room ■ four-room "olee Fig. 2. Number of apartments of the apartment foundation of the Russian Federation, million

94 6 95,9 -----98>9~

1,9_2,60_2uz_2.9_2, b_

2005 2006 2007, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2012, 2012, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2013, 2014 - ♦ - Disposal by dilapidation and accidents - ■ -The fact and emergency fund - ■ - commissioning of new housing

Fig.3. Technical condition and renewal of dilapidated housing stock in the Russian Federation, million square meters. M.

The above data indicate a reduction in the specific gravity of dilapidated and emergency housing in the Russian Federation, mainly due to the growth in housing entry, which increased by 93.1% over the past 10 years and amounted to 84.2 million square meters in 2014. M. At the same time, the housing fund assigned to the dilapidated and emergency housing is at the end of 2014. 93.3 million square meters. m, which is less than 1.3 million square meters. M than in 2005, but in general, the total area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises, placed in dilapidated and emergency buildings, in 2014, 1.1 times (by 10.8%) exceeds the volume of introduced housing and its share in the total area of \u200b\u200ball housing Foundation is 2.7%.

Also an important characteristic of the housing conditions of the population is the level of improvement of residential premises. To assess trends in improvement, consider the share of the overall living area, equipped with heating, water supply, gas, sewage, baths, hot water supply, floor electric stoves (Table 1).

Table 1

Improvement of the Housing Fund of the Russian Federation

Year share of total area,% equipped

waterproof waterproof (sewage) ME and N "with a gas (soul) with gas (network, liquefied), hot, in-bed-plates

2005 76 71 80 65 70 63 17

2006 76 72 80 66 70 63 18

2007 76 72 81 66 70 64 18

2008 77 73 82 66 69 64 18

2009 77 71 83 66 69 65 19

2010 78 74 83 67 69 65 19

2011 78 74 83 67 69 65 19

2012 79 74 84 67 68 66 20

2013 80 75 84 68 68 66 21

2014 77 73 82 65 65 64 20

housing and its technical condition for the same period remains at the same level.

Accessibility of housing is the following group of indicators characterizing housing conditions of the population and means the possibility of citizens to acquire housing to property. The availability of housing in Russia is regularly calculated and published by the Institute of the Economy of the city as the official data of the FSGS and the Bank of Russia are published:

a) Housing availability ratio (Housing Price to Income Ratio) is calculated as the ratio of the average market value of the apartment in 54 square meters. m. To average family income from 3 people per year. The magnitude of such an indicator corresponds to the number of years during which the family can accumulate to the apartment under the assumption that all received cash incomes will be postponed to purchase an apartment.

b) Housing Acquisition Index (HAI - Housing Affordability Index) shows the ratio of revenues of the average household household income that need to have a standard apartment of 54 square meters. M. Using a mortgage loan issued under standard conditions. The value of the indicator is 100% means that the average family has incomes, exactly appropriate relevant income to purchase a standard apartment with a mortgage loan. If the accommodation index of housing is less than 100%, then the average household is not able to purchase a standard apartment.

table 2

Accessibility of housing in the Russian Federation

Year Accessibility Coefficient Housing Accessibility Acquisition Index Share families who have the opportunity to purchase housing

2006 4,6 70 18,6

2007 5,3 66 17,7

2008 5,3 66 17,8

2009 4,6 68 19,0

2010 4,3 88 23,6

2011 4,1 100 27,5

2012 4,1 102 26,5

2013 3,6 102 27,6

2014 3,8 107 30,0

Table 3.

Distribution of households on their intentions to improve housing conditions,%

Table 1 data indicate stagnation of the improvement level of the housing stock in the Russian Federation, since during the period under study on the scale of 10 years the proportion of the total area of \u200b\u200bhousing, equipped with municipal facilities, remains almost unchanged. The population of Russia is 77% provided with a water supply system, by 73% of the wastewater system, 82% heating, only 65% \u200b\u200bcan take a shower, also 65% of residential premises are equipped with gas installations, hot water supply is available, only 20% of the residential foundation is equipped with floor plates. .

Thus, all of the foregoing allows you to state that, noting positive trends in increasing the level of housing security of the citizens of the Russian Federation for the period from 2005 to 2014, the level of improvement

2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

All households 100 100 100 100 100 100

including:

plan to improve your living conditions 3.4 10.1 11.2 11.6 11.1 10,4

consist on improving housing conditions 0.7 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.2

collect other housing (or exchange to another housing) 1.7 4.3 5.0 5.5 2.2 2.2

going to buy another housing 0.1 0.8 1.2 1.2 0.5 0.3

calculate Housing to Inheritance 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4

build a new house, an extension of 0.4 2.2 2.1 2.4 4.5 4.4

other 0.2 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7

have bad housing and do not plan to improve their living conditions 11.9 6.4 5.7 4.8 3.8 3.6

For example, the value of the indicator in 60% means that the household has only 60% of the income required to purchase an apartment with a mortgage loan.

c) Share families who have the opportunity to purchase housing, which meets the standards of providing residential premises with their own and borrowed funds.

This indicator is calculated by determining the minimum aggregate average monthly income of a family of three necessary to acquire standard housing at the expense of its own and borrowed funds, and the subsequent comparison of the result obtained with data on the distribution of households in the average monthly income.

For the period analyzed, the level of all indicators has improved significantly. Thus, the accessibility coefficient has decreased from 4.1 to 3.8 years, the availability index has grown from 76 to 107 %%, and the share of families with the ability to purchase housing increased from 18.6 to 30%.

It should be noted that according to the materials of the sample surveys of household budgets shown in Table 3, a significant part of the population of the Russian Federation is not satisfied with their housing conditions and expressed

intentions to improve them. The proportion of such citizens has grown from 3.4% in 2005 to 10.4 in 2014, that is, it has increased three times.

The number of people with bad housing and not planning to improve their living conditions has decreased from 11.9% in 2005 to 3.6% in 2014, while it is indicated as the main reasons: the absence of the right to register for the improvement of housing conditions and other Opportunities (2, 9%), due to the fact that the area of \u200b\u200bresidence is arranged from the point of view of the placement of social infrastructure (0.6%) and arranges the proximity from the place of work (0.1%).

In general, according to elementary studies of Rosstat, the population of the Russian Federation in 2014 assesses its living conditions: as excellent - 3.9%, good - 43.8%, satisfactory - 46.1%, bad - 5.4% and very Bad - 0.8%.

Thus, in conclusion, it should be noted that the housing conditions of the population of the Russian Federation are assessed by the majority of the population positively. At the same time, housing conditions in our country are significantly lagging behind the level of developed countries and therefore it is necessary to continue from the state to manage this process, implementing various targeted programs aimed at improving the housing conditions of citizens of the Russian Federation.

Literature

1. Housing Code of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2004 No. 188-FZ (ed. Of November 28, 2015). [Electronic resource]. - URL: Date of handling: 12.12.2015

2. Federal State Statistics Service. [Electronic resource]. - URL: Date of handling: 12.12.2015

3. Nikolaev S.V. Decision of the housing problem of the Russian Federation on the basis of reconstruction and technical re-equipment of the industrial base of housekeeping // Housing construction. - 2010 - No. 2. - C.2-6.

4. Sagradov A.A. Economic demography. - M.: Infra-M, 2011.

5. Zimina I.A., Davydov F.F. Models of the development of the housing sphere abroad // Family and housing law. - 2013. - № 4. - p.35-37.

6. The best life index. Materials of research on the organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD). [Electronic resource]. - URL: Date of handling: 14.12.15

7. Housing availability indicators in Russia. Materials of the Institute of the city's economy. [Electronic resource]. - URL: Date of handling: 14.12.15.

regional aspects of banking infrastructure management

E.A. Ulyaev,

senior Credit Specialist CJSC "Credit Europe Bank" (g. St. Petersburg),

[Email Protected]

The article is devoted to aspects of effective management of banking infrastructure at the regional level. Key management objects and elements of banking infrastructure are highlighted, the impact on which can cause the highest possible positive shifts in the regional economy banking sector.

Keywords: regional aspects, banking infrastructure, elements of banking infrastructure, subjects of management, innovation and educational complex.

UDC 332.1 BKK 65.04

The most important condition for stable economic growth and sustainable development of the region is to create an extensive network of balanced banking infrastructure, the subjects of which should ensure the satisfaction of the needs of the state, enterprises and households, as well as the effective development of the regions.

In Russian scientific literature, for the first time, the term "banking infrastructure" is considered in the publication "Russian banking encyclopedia", published in 1995. In the future, this term became used in the educational literature. The special article "Banking infrastructure" is contained in the "financial and credit encyclopedic dictionary" released in 2002. In these works, the banking infrastructure is determined, in fact, the same - as

the focus of organizations, enterprises and services that ensure the vital activity of banks. Obviously, in these interpretations, the etymological interpretation of the infrastructure prevails and therefore is considered incomplete. So considers, for example, Kotov A.V., according to which the definition of bank infrastructure only as a set of organizations providing the life of banks, does not interpret the concept of "banking banks" and does not disclose specific aspects of the manifestation of the role of banking infrastructure in its provision. It proposes to understand the banking infrastructure of the institutions that form the necessary conditions for banking activities that promote the creation and bringing banking services to their consumers.

The article refers to a housing problem, the overall picture of the prices for primary and secondary housing in Bashkortostan, price indices from 2014-2016.

• The current state and prospects for managing mortgage lending market in Russia
• Study of the warehouse real estate market of the Moscow Region and the use of warehouse automation systems
• Inflation in Russia, its features and causes of occurrence

Housing is the main condition for a good life, any person. It provides the population with a worthy standard of living, creates a favorable habitat and is one of the main conditions for maintaining the quality of human life.

Housing problem in our timec.it is read by one of the most significant and relevant not only for Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan, but also for other countries, and the quality of housing affects human development so much that this is reflected in state documents devoted to social development.

For example, in the Republic of Bashkortostan, a young family program for 2015-2020 was introduced in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subprogramme "Providing housing of young families" of the Federal Target Program "Residence" was approved for 2015-2020 in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which supports young families with preferential housing, providing apartments at low prices or land.

The property of the housing market is divided into the primary and secondary housing market. Mostly on the primary housing market, apartments are selling in new homes, newly built, and even those that exist only in the project or just begin to build. The population buys an apartment in advance when it is not even built, most often you have to wait two or three years before receiving the apartment. And the secondary market is already existing for several years at home, apartments in which people already lived. It is also worth noting that the secondary market is always more expensive than primary. Since the secondary housing market is ready for settlement, and the primary will be ready only after a few years. Therefore, it is very profitable to buy housing even before its construction.

The overall picture of prices for primary and secondary housing in the region, according to official data, shows a stable trend towards lower prices compared to the beginning of the year. According to official data, 1 square meter of housing on the primary market in Bashkiria at the end of September cost 51.1 thousand rubles. And in the secondary market - 54.9 thousand. The price situation resembles the first half of 2014.

It should also be noted that the average market price of the square meter of the total area of \u200b\u200bhousing in urban districts and areas for the third quarter of 2015 is installed in Bashkortostan. For example, the average market value of the square meter of the total area in Ufa is adopted in the amount of 33,771 rubles, in Agidel - 28,000, Kumertau - 31,200, in the jac of Muration, 23,500, in Neftekamsk - 33,500. The same square meter stands in Oktyabrsky and Sterlitamak. In Salavat, the "Square" is estimated at 32,000, in Sibay - at 31,000. In Baimak - 29 300, Belebey - 29,500, Beloretsk - 32,500, Birsk - 33,000, Blagoveshchensk - 32,000. Slightly cheaper square meter in Davlekanovo - 29 000, Dürtyuli and Meleuza - 31,000, in Ishimbay - 31,500, Tuymazh - 33 100, Pupils - 32 100, Yanaul - 30,000.

In the city of Ufa, the average price for new buildings in April 2016 was 56.4 thousand rubles. 2, which is 5.3% less than in early 2016
Reducing demand and competition entail various promotional proposals of developers.

According to forecasts for 2016, prices will not change much, because developers do not have prerequisites for further price reduction

The average price of sq.m. All new buildings, taking into account the well-known projects in the suburbs - 56.4 thousand rubles, decline from the beginning of 2015 - by 5.3%

The average price of new buildings in the city - 3093800 rub, which speaks in the dynamics of reducing the share of small in the area, and, accordingly, the total price of apartments. The average sampling area is 53.8 sq.m.

The average price of sq.m. objects in the suburbs - 37.5 thousand rubles per sq.m., the average price is 1904.7 thousand rubles, an area of \u200b\u200b50 sq.m., more than 250 options

In Bashkiria, compared with the 2014 stir, in early 2015 there is a sharp decline in demand for both the secondary and on new buildings. In the case of secondary real estate, this is associated with an increase in the price of 1.3%. As for the primary, the key rate enlarged by the Central Bank played its role. The total cause of stagnation is an increase in inflation and, as a result, a decrease in consumer demand.

Summing up, I would like to consider Table 1 Dynamics of housing prices in our republic Bashkortostan.

Table 1 Dynamics of prices in the housing market in the Republic of Bashkortostan

	Average prices (thousand rubles)	Price indices,%
		To the previous quarter	To the fourth quarter of the previous year
Primary market
I quarter
IY quarter
Secondary market
I quarter
IY quarter
Primary market
I quarter
IY quarter
Secondary market
I quarter
IY quarter
Primary market
I quarter
Secondary market
I quarter

Thus, making a conclusion, we see that the average prices of the first quarter of the first quarter of the first quarter increased, compared to 1.1 thousand rubles, compared to 1.1 thousand rubles. But at the secondary market, average prices dropped at 2.2 thousand rubles. Price indexes from 2014 to 2016 per quarter remained unchanged. Housing problems are always in the entire population, at any time of the year will be in demand. A good state will always strive to provide every resident, housing for its country. Housing is one of the main conditions for maintaining the quality of human life.

Bibliography

1. Ableyev, A.M. Factor assessment of the effectiveness of the use of fixed assets of agriculture / A.M. Ablet // Regional Economics: Theory and Practice. - 2012. - №19. Pp. 26 - 34.
2. Ableyev, A.M. Some features of reproduction of fixed assets of agriculture / A.M. Ablet // Regional Economics: Theory and Practice. - 2015. - №9 (384). - P. 54 - 64.
3. Ableyev, A.M. Influence of investment policy on the formation of the structure of fixed capital / A.M. Ablet // Scientific Notes of the Russian State Social University. - 2009. - № 7-2. P. 102-108.
4. Ableyev, A.M. Mechanisms and features of reproduction of fixed capital in agriculture / A.M. Ablet // Bashkir Bashkir State Agrarian University. - 2011. - № 2. P. 61 - 67.
5. Ableyev, A.M. Multidimensional grouping of regions in terms of the potential of reproduction of fixed capital of agriculture / A.M. Ablet // Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice. - 2013. - № 9 (312). P. 32 - 41.
6. Ableeva, A.M. Trend Studies of MacroeConomic Indicators In Comparable Prices / A.M. ABLEEVA // International Experimental Education Journal. - 2014. - No. S6. - P. 57-58.
7. Ableyev, A.M. Social statistics: Tutorial / A.M. Ableyev. - Ufa, 2010. - 182 p.
8. Ableyev, A.M. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of indicators of reproduction of fixed assets of agriculture / A.M. Ablet // Bashkir Bashkir State Agrarian University. - 2014. - № 1 (29). P. 100 - 103.
9. Ableyev, A.M. Main Capital and Reproduction Trends: Monograph / A.M. Ableyev. - Ufa, 2011. - 239 p.

The need for dwelling is among the primary life needs of a person. Housing- these are buildings, panel houses, floating houses, other buildings (rooms) used for housing, as well as historical monuments identified mainly as residential buildings with residential and non-residential premises in them, regardless of the ownership of the ownership of the housing Foundation and used for permanent or temporary residence, as well as other premises or a building that is not included in the housing foundation, but used for temporary residence. The housing foundation is a generalization of all residential premises that are located on the territory of the Russian Federation (Art. 1 LCD RF).

The main function of housing- Provide a person a favorable habitat, i.e., well-maintained housing is necessary for recreation, and for work, and to create a full-fledged family. Human habitat, which determines the quality of life of a member of society, forms a housing introduced into the organization of public utilities and consumer services.

In the setting of the market economy, housing is a product of long-term use. This product provokes a large additional demand (on carpets, furniture, household appliances, dishes, etc.) and activates the formation of many areas of the economy. Since housing is an expensive product, it is one of the most important factors for stimulating population savings, education of investment resources.

Statistics are required to give full and objective information about the housing stock and housing conditions of the population, which is necessary, in particular, for housing policies, i.e. the development of the Measurement Complex aimed at meeting the needs of the dwelling. The latter can be achieved by solving the statistics of the following tasks:

1) provision of information on public security, communal and domestic service; assessment of the comfort of the dwelling and its condition (degree of worniness);

2) identification of materials on the differentiation of housing conditions of various social and demographic groups of the population, about the difference in housing conditions in different regions of the country, in cities (small, medium and large) and in rural areas; Creating a basis for international comparisons of housing conditions;

3) analysis of the state and movement of the housing stock, its overhaul;

4) ensuring information on the development of the housing market, on the behavior on it sellers and buyers necessary, on the one hand, for the development of financial institutions serving the real estate market, on the other - to develop social guarantees and benefits in the housing area;

5) the reflection of the relationship between the income of the population, housing conditions and the structure of consumption;

6) Determining the development of social infrastructure and assessing the effectiveness of its operation

The significance of solving these tasks is complicated by the acute housing problem in our country, since the availability of housing directly affects the state of the demographic indicators of the country.

According to the objectives listed, statistical indicators of housing conditions of the population and the level of its service can be divided into several groups:

1) the presence, condition and movement of the residential fund;

2) housing conditions of the population;

3) service and financing of residential fund;

4) the development of social infrastructure and its functioning;

5) assessment by the population of housing conditions and quality of public service;

Characteristics of housing conditions

The characteristic of housing conditions consists of the following indicators: Housing Fund and its changes, improving the housing stock, overhaul, modernization and reconstruction, public security. We will analyze the elements of groups of indicators that are listed above.

Housing Fund:

1) the total area of \u200b\u200bthe housing stock, m 2;

2) Living area, m 2;

3) the proportion of living space in general,%;

4) the total number of apartments - total (units), including individual, utilities;

5) distribution of apartments by the number of rooms,%;

6) distribution of apartments for average size,%;

7) distribution of housing fund for accessories (municipal fund, departmental, public, private),%;

8) distribution of the housing stock in time of construction,%;

9) distribution of housing stock according to the degree of wear, %.

According to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the living area is recognized as the area of \u200b\u200bresidential rooms in residential buildings and premises, i.e., isolated premises that are immovable property and are suitable for permanent residence of citizens, meet established sanitary and technical rules and standards, other requirements of legislation. The total (useful) area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises is defined as the sum of the area of \u200b\u200ball parts of such a room and utility rooms located inside the apartments: kitchens, front, intra-quarter corridors, bathrooms or shower, bathrooms, dressing rooms, storerooms, built-in wardrobes, and mansard, mezzanins, covered loggias, veranda, heated and suitable for accommodation. Utility premises in hostels, in addition to those considered, are the premises of medical care and cultural and domestic purposes.

When evaluating the comfort of the housing stock, the value of residential and total area is also important: the high weight of the living space indicates the low comfortability of the dwelling, low - may indicate both poor layout, lack of living space, and on the high comfort of the housing stock.

Housing Fund takes into account the types of residential premises:

1) residential building, part of a residential building;

2) Apartment, part of the apartment;

3) room.

House- This is an individual-defined building, which consists of rooms, as well as premises of auxiliary use intended to meet people of household and other needs associated with their living in this building (paragraph 2 of Art. 16 LCD RF).

Flat- This is a structurally separate room in an apartment building, which ensures the likelihood of direct access to public premises in this house and consists of one or more rooms, as well as the premises of the auxiliary use intended to meet people of household and other needs related to their accommodation in such a separate room (paragraph 3 of Art. 16 LCD RF).

The room is part of a residential building or an apartment that is intended for use as a place of direct residence in people in a residential building or apartment (clause 4 of Art. 16 LCD RF).

Accounting for the housing stock is conducted by type of ownership (Art. 19 LCD RF):

1) private housing fund – the foundation, which is owned by citizens and legal entities (created as private owners), including housing and construction cooperatives (ECC);

2) state housingfoundation -the foundation, which is owned by the Russian Federation and owned by the subjects of the Russian Federation;

3) municipal Housing Foundation – the Foundation, which is owned by the district, city, as well as a departmental fund, which is in the complete economic management of municipal enterprises or the operational management of municipal institutions;

4) public Housing Foundation – the foundation that lies in the property of public associations;

5) housing Foundation in collective property– the foundation, which is in the joint or share ownership of various subjects, private, state, municipal property, property of public associations.

Classify the Housing Fund can also be classified by types of settlement: Housing Fund in corridor houses, housing stock with quarterly resettlement, housing stock in barracks, housing stock in a quiet type hostels, housing fund in basements and semi-oats.

For use goals, the housing fund is divided into (paragraph 3 of Art. 19 LCD RF):

1) Housing Fund of Social Use - a set of residential premises of state and municipal housing funds provided to citizens under social contracts;

2) Specialized Housing Fund - a set of residential premises intended for the residence of certain categories of citizens in the residential premises of state and municipal housing stocks;

3) Individual Housing Fund - a set of residential premises of a private housing stock used by citizens - owners of such premises for their residence, residence of members of their family and (or) of other citizens on the terms of gratuitous use, as well as legal entities - owners of such premises for citizens On the specified Terms of Use;

4) The housing stock of commercial use is a set of residential premises used by the owners of these premises to resolve citizens on the terms of compensated use provided by citizens in other treaties provided by the owners of these premises to hold and (or) to use.

The housing foundation is necessarily subject to state accounting in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation (paragraph 4 of Art. 19 LCD RF).

State accounting of the Housing Fund Along with other forms of its accounting should include the technical accounting of the Housing Fund, including its technical inventory and technical certification (paragraph 5 of Art. 19 LCD RF).

Housing Foundation:

1) loss of housing stock, just m 2, including for reasons of disposal:

a) by dilapidity and accidents;

b) from natural disasters;

c) in connection with the re-equipment of residential premises for non-residential;

d) due to the reconstruction and decomposition of land for new construction;

2) Housing construction:

a) entering housing (total area, living area, m 2);

b) the number of apartments built - total, units, including with the number of rooms: one, two, three, etc.;

c) the average size of the built apartments, m 2;

d) entering housing on sources of financing, m 2;

e) the structure of the new housing construction on the floor,%;

e) commissioning of residential buildings in the form of ownership;

g) commissioning of residential buildings in urban and rural areas;

h) commissioning of home boarding houses for the elderly, disabled and disabled children

The housing fund is distributed according to the degree of wear, i.e., the total area of \u200b\u200bresidential premises has been allocated with excess of 70% - stone and over 65% - wooden, etc.; The total area of \u200b\u200bemergency buildings. This indicator is very similar to the indicator "Disposal by dilapidation and accidents".

Housing construction is a key source of replenishment of a housing stock. It is implemented by state and non-state enterprises and organizations, individual developers with the help of budget funds, mortgages, personal funds of citizens and other sources of financing. From year to year, the proportion of housing construction at the expense of the population and with the help of a loan is increasing.

Overhaul and reconstruction of the housing stock:

1) overhaul, m 2 of the total area;

2) reconstruction of the housing stock, m 2;

3) sources of financing overhaul.

Improvement of the Housing Fund:

1) Living area, which is equipped with: water supply, sewage, central heating, hot water supply, gas, floor electric plates, bathrooms, shower,% to the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe housing stock;

2)% of residential buildings with garbage chute;

3)% apartments with phones.

Security of the population housing:

1) Living area on average per living, m 2 / person;

2) Overall area on average per living, m 2 / person;

3) population residing:

a) in a separate apartment;

b) in a communal apartment;

c) in a separate house or part of it:

d) in the hostel;

4) the same, in% to all residents;

5) the average area of \u200b\u200ba separate apartment, M 2 / Apartment;

6) Average number of residents per room, pers. / Room;

7) the number of households consisting of municipal housing (absolute and% to the total number of households);

8) The number of families of refugees and forced immigrants who need housing.

In our country, in terms of "Living space, on average per living", a value is introduced that determines the value of the hygienic standard. When performing international comparisons of housing conditions, the indicator "Total area on average per living" is mainly applied (see Table 9).

When the provision of 20-25 m 2 residential area per person is obtained, then a separate residential zone is available at the disposal of each adult family, it is possible to have a room for communication, joint meals, etc.

Consider the calculation of the security and availability of housing.

I. Housing security

Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the Federal Target Program "Residence" for 2002-2010

When determining the value of the target indicator, information about the public security is used. The data source is the state statistics authority (according to the form No. 1-hillophund, which was approved by the Decree of the Federal State Statistics Service of July 13, 2004 No. 26).

Algorithm for calculating the values \u200b\u200bof the target indicator on the subject of the Russian Federation and on average in the Russian Federation

The results of the target indicator are calculated annually by the state statistical authority in the Russian Federation and on the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the methodological provisions on statistics. Information on the public security is printed in statistical collections (for example, in the collections "Russian Statistical Yearbook" and "Regions of Russia").

Suppose if the date of the target indicator is missing in the statistical collections, information about the security of the population is missing in statistical collections, the target indicator on the subject of the Russian Federation or on average under the Russian Federation is determined by the formula:

where Bepopulation security in the subject of the Russian Federation (in the Russian Federation);

Polysh. -the total area of \u200b\u200bthe housing stock in the subject of the Russian Federation (in the Russian Federation) at the end of the year;

US. -the total population in the subject of the Russian Federation (in the Russian Federation) at the end of the year.

By the end of 2007, the level of security of the population in the middle of the Russian Federation should amount to 20.9 m 2 per person, by the end of 2010 - 21.7 m 2 per person.

II. Accessibility coefficient housing

Methods for assessing the effectiveness of the Federal Task Force "Residence" for 2002-2010.

1) Average market value of 1 m 2 housing (in rubles on average per year). Located as the arithmetic average of average prices in the primary and secondary housing markets established by the authority of state statistics. The data source is the state statistics authority;

2) secondary money incomes (in rubles per month per person per year per year). The data source is the state statistical authority.

Algorithm for calculating the value of the target indicator on the subject of the Russian Federation

The value of the target indicator is defined as the ratio of the average market value of a typical apartment with a total area of \u200b\u200b54 m 2 to the average annual overall income of a family of 3 people in the subject of the Russian Federation.

Algorithm for calculating the value of the target indicator on average in the Russian Federation

The value of the target indicator is defined as the ratio of the average for the Russian Federation of the standard apartment with a cumulative area of \u200b\u200b54 m 2 to the average permanent annual overall income of a family of 3 people.

Target indicator values

By the end of 2007, the coefficient of accessibility of housing on average in the Russian Federation should be equal to 3.2, by the end of 2010 - 3

III. Share families who have the opportunity to purchase housing, corresponding to standards for providing residential premises, using their own and borrowed funds

(Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the federal target program "Housing" for 2002-2010)

When determining the magnitude of the target indicator, the following data is used:

1) Average market value of 1 m 2 housing (in rubles on average per year). Determined as the arithmetic average of average prices on the primary and secondary housing markets. The source of information is the state statistics authority;

2) the share of borrowed funds in the cost of purchased housing (in %). It is calculated on the basis of the average in the market of the subject of the Russian Federation, the conditions for lending to banks and other organizations that give mortgage loans for the purchase of housing. The source of information is the administration of the subject of the Russian Federation. In situations where the Open Joint-Stock Company "Agency for Mortgage Housing Lending" refinances a considerable share of mortgage loans issued in the enterprise's subject of the Russian Federation, part of the borrowed funds under the Agency program can be used as the middle part of the borrowed funds;

3) interest rate on the loan for the purchase of housing (in% per year). It is calculated on the basis of the average in the market of the country of the Russian Federation rates on mortgage housing loans and loans in rubles. The source of information is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (form 0409302, which is approved by the indication of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2004 No. 1481-y). In situations where the agency refinances a considerable share of mortgage loans issued in the directory of the Russian Federation, interest rates under the agency program can be used as medium interest rates;

4) Credit term for the purchase of housing (in years). Calculated on the basis of the average in the market of the subject of the Russian Federation of credit for mortgage housing loans and loans in rubles. The source of information is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (form 0409302, approved by the indication of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2004 No. 1481-y). In situations where the agency refinances a significant share of mortgage loans issued in the subject's direct entity and loans, credit periods for the agency program can be applied as an average period of lending;

5) part of the payment of the mortgage housing loan in the income of the borrower with co-crewrs (in %). It is calculated on the basis of the average in the market of the subject of the Russian Federation conditions as part of payment in income. The source of information is the administration of the subject of the Russian Federation. In situations where the agency refinances a significant share of mortgage loans issued in the subject's enterprise the subject's business, a part of the payment in income in the agency program can be applied as an average of payment.

6) Domestic division in terms of average monthly income. The source of information is the authority of state statistics. In the situation of lack, it is allowed to apply other sources of information on the distribution of the population in terms of the average per capita month income with the corresponding reference to the source of the information;

7) Number of families in the subject of the Russian Federation. The source of information is the authority of state statistics

Algorithm for determining the magnitude of the target indicator on the subject of the Russian Federation

The minimum total family income, which is necessary to purchase housing, which meets the references to the residential premises (54 m 2 for a family of 3 people), at the expense of own and borrowed funds, is in the formula:

where TI- minimum cumulative family income (in rubles per month);

LTV -the share of borrowed funds in the cost of purchased housing (in%);

R -average market value of 1 m 2 housing (in rubles. on average per year);

i. - interest rate on the loan (in% per year);

t -loan term (in years);

PI-the share of payment on a mortgage housing loan in the income of the family (in%)

The share of households with a total income above the minimum ( TI) It is based on information on the distribution of households in terms of average monthly income. In a situation of lack of information on the distribution of households in terms of average monthly income, it is allowed to apply information about the distribution of the population in terms of the level of average per capita income with the appropriate footnote. In this case, the minimum cumulative family income ( TI) It is divided into the average family size (3 people) and the received minimum income of the person is compared with the data on the distribution of the population in terms of the average per capita monthly income to establish the share of the population with income above the minimum.

Algorithm for determining the magnitude of the target indicator on average across the Russian Federation

The value of the target indicator on average in the Russian Federation is determined by the formula:

where DS common -share families who have the opportunity to purchase housing, corresponding to standards of providing residential premises, with the help of own and borrowed funds on average in the Russian Federation;

DS I -share of families in one subject of the Russian Federation, having the opportunity to purchase housing, corresponding to standards for providing residential premises, with the help of own and borrowed funds;

KC I -number of families in one subject of the Russian Federation.

The magnitude of the target indicator

By the end of 2007, on average, the share of families who have the opportunity to purchase housing, corresponding to the standards of providing residential premises, with the help of their own and borrowed funds, was equal to 17%, by the end of 2010 there should be 30%

Service Indicators and Housing Fund

For housing and communal reforms and ensuring a worthy standard of living of the population, indicators of service and financing of the housing stock are of particular importance. The indicators of this group include:

1) the share of expenses for the maintenance of the housing stock and utilities in the total value of the budget spending of the administrative unit,%:

2) the number of families who receive subsidies for paying housing and communal services;

3) the same, as a percentage of the total number of families living in a given territory;

4) the proportion of expenses for the maintenance of the housing stock in the total amount of the population costs,%;

5) the proportion of personal spending of the population in the content of housing in the total cost of providing housing services,%;

In general, you can consider two probable areas of housing policies: liberal and paternalistic (from Lat. pATERNUS-"Father, Otchen"). For liberal Housing Policyhousing is mainly provided as a product of long-term use and the focus of the housing market, its condition, factors affecting its development, social assistance is moving into the background. For patennist directionhousing is considered not as a product, but as the main social benefit, the provision of them is due to the state budget and funds of enterprises and free distribution among the population. In this case, the apartment fee covers only a small part of the state's expenses for the content of the housing stock. This direction of housing policy found its way into life in socialist countries, where the rent compensated only about 1/3 of the costs of housing content, accommodation at housing came from the state budget.

In developed countries, the liberal direction of housing policy is not expressed in its pure form: Usually, in the conditions of the action of market relations, measures are introduced to limit the apartment (rent) fee; There are a system of benefits and benefits for housing payments, preferential loans and subsidies for accommodation of housing, benefits for real estate taxes; The construction of a cheap municipal housing with a low rent, the content of which is dated with local authorities or the state, and preferential loans are allocated for the acquisition. Programs aimed at building and commissioning inexpensive housing and benefits for its purchase are greatly popular in European countries, such as France or Sweden.

Metamorphosis of housing and communal services in a break-resistant sector of the economy is possible only due to the absolute coverage of the costs of housing and communal sphere by relevant payments. Within the framework of housing and communal reform, the Housing Subsidy (Compensation) for Housing and Communal Services is considerable.

The maximum allowable consumption of the family to pay housing is the new social standard for our country. His adoption denotes the policy of social protection in the housing and communal field of low-income citizens. The introduced system of subsidies is applicable, i.e., for its design, the applicant is obliged to document all types of income received. The right to receive subsidies must be periodically confirmed during re-creditations (usually once every six months). According to the housing and communal reform, the rates of housing benefits increase and tariffs for utilities. In the absence of a distinct plant for the growth of real money incomes of the population, the growth of housing and utilities creates the difficulties of medium-scale segments of the population that cannot count on subsidies for paying housing and communal services.

With the development of market relations, it is possible to strengthen the differences in housing conditions of the population, to a greater extent under the influence of the growth of the apartment fee and the influence of the latter on the security of housing. This process can be found quantified by measuring the relationship between the level of housing pay and security, as well as methods of multidimensional household classification. based on the following signs:

1) housing security level;

2) the size of shower cash income;

3) a socio-professional group of economically active members of the household;

4) the number of dependents, or the family load coefficient, etc.

Housing policy is obliged to include the organization of help on the content and repair of housing to families in need.

Statistics plays a central role to detect the differentiation of housing conditions of the population, finding categories of residents who need support from budget funds. But at the same time, the fee for the accommodation for all tenants should gradually increase to the level when expenses will be completely covered in parallel with the corresponding increase in direct target social payments to established groups. In the future, it is likely to be a complete conclusion of the content of the residential fund from under the control of regional authorities, the termination of direct subsidies of organizations that are engaged in the repair and content of housing, an increase in direct payments to less secured categories and retirees due to the growth of costs and repair of housing, creating a special regional fund Reconstruction and housing content.

Tariffs for utilities are required to be based on the laws of pricing in the conditions of normal monopolies in which gas, water, power supply in the Russian Federation, etc. Probably impact on tariffs and some structural adjustment by allocating from natural monopolies of individual elements in order to develop competition, Thoring the growth of tariffs, the incorporation of some utilities with the statement of clear control over their work. The most significant function of municipal services is the disposal and processing of household waste, cleaning of territories and staircases, organization of burials. So, in the budgets of German cities, financing these activities is an average of 12%. Information on the results of the activities of public services is contained in their reporting.

It is necessary that the organization to provide information on regions and municipalities to solve the tasks of service and financing the housing stock.

Statistics are required to reflect the development of competition in the service area of \u200b\u200bthe Housing Fund, the creation of true contractual relations in housing and communal services.

Social infrastructure development statistics

All increasing influence of social infrastructure on a variety of parties to public life, an increase in value in the reproduction process makes it a means of intensifying social production. Consequently, issues of increasing the efficiency of functioning not only of individual sectors of the social sphere, but also of its entirety, generally conquer increasing relevance. The level of formation of social infrastructure is measured by the number of educational institutions, culture, domestic services, trading for a thousand inhabitants or per unit area (for example, 1 m 2). Elements of social infrastructure include: a transport network (intracity and between settlements), institutions of communication, gardening (which is considerable importance for improving the environmental situation), the infrastructure of the village, etc.

The development of transport is due to its species in this area, the length of the routes of each species. These indicators are also significant, such as the number of vehicle stops of any type of transport, compatibility of these elements, but they are not registered by state statistics. A significant component of social infrastructure is to ensure the conditions for the use of bicycle transport, which is mainly characterized by the existence and length of cycling paths in cities and outside the city territories. In large cities, the impact of such a factor as urban transport; His share of weight in the expenditure part of the city budget.

Increasing the cost of public transport services should be compared with the increase in prices for other types of paid services to the population, consumer goods, with an increase in wages and monetary incomes of the population. For regional management activities, it is necessary to compare the following indicators: revenue for the services rendered; number of passengers transported; the number of persons who have preferential tariffs; The possibility of free travel in transport. What is one of the actual measures to provide targeted social assistance to those in need, mainly to pensioners.

Official statistics are quite small talking about the work of passenger urban transport, there are only information on the types of transport, about the passenger-kilometers, the number of passengers transported. Executive statistics contain more detailed data on the number of routes for each type of transport, about the schedule of traffic on the route, each length. Significant information for social statistics is information about the breakdowns of the transport service system, the separation of vehicles in terms of service, accidents in transport, comparable characteristics of the transportation of transport at the PIK hour and out of this time. Large social importance was obtained by the development of a network of roads with solid coating. Statistics are required to display not only their length, but also quality.

The privatization process in our country mastered mainly the area of \u200b\u200bdomestic service and catering. Social statistics has a task that is to provide a relative characteristic of supplying the population with paid services of enterprises of various organizational and legal forms, including the retail sphere stores of various forms of ownership. Retail statistics significantly complement the information of the statistics of the population budgets in the share of the ratio of food and non-food products in the total volume of turnover.

If there is enough saturation indicators to determine the formation of infrastructure in the components of some territory, mainly cities, then to find the level of consumption of services provided by institutions and organizations of social infrastructure, such indicators are significant as:

1) the average number of visitors per unit of time (per year, quarter, month) served by the agency of dry cleaning, hairdresser, bath, cafe, restaurant;

2) total revenue, thousand rubles;

3) the average revenue per employee of this type of institution, rub.;

4) Revenue by type of services, thousand rubles.

These indicators are not enough to characterize the availability of services, their quality, satisfaction needs. Such information can be obtained exclusively by special surveys. The implementation of federal and regional social programs in the proportion of homeless assistance (refugees, forced migrants, homeless) leads to the emergence of such elements of social infrastructure, like a sleeping house. New organizational forms of cultural activities, such as folk houses appear. All this must be reflected in the statistics. Statistics must have information about post offices and their work, the number of residential premises that have not only phones, but also a fax connection, communication via email. In addition, information is needed on the number of street telephones, including long-distance and international (per 1000 inhabitants). In indicators of social statistics, it is necessary to include information on the prevalence of insurance firms, notarial offices, branches of Sberbank, branches of commercial banks per 1000 inhabitants, ATMs, i.e., all those units on which the comfort of people's life depends.

The provision of the people of the people of cultural and domestic use of long-term use is increasing, which forms a base for the formation of the area of \u200b\u200bservices (atelier, photo and alarms, car service, workshops for the repair of household appliances, etc.).

In cities, another element of social infrastructure are parks, squares, the presence of which is measured by the cumulative area of \u200b\u200bgreen spaces (M 2) and the area of \u200b\u200bgreen spaces per thousand inhabitants (M 2 / person).

Also, statistical indicators should reflect the development of the Sala infrastructure. These indicators include:

1) commissioning in the countryside of water supply networks (km);

2) sewer networks (km);

3) gas networks (thousand km);

4) PBX (thousand public numbers);

5) power lines with a voltage of 0.4 kW, 6-20 kW (thousand km);

6) roads with solid coating (km. Km), including local importance, departmental and private.

The main importance is attached to the assessment of the interconnectedness of the formation of social infrastructure. To solve this problem, it is worth each territorial unit (area, city, district) to assign the rank of each of the indicators of social infrastructure and determine the connection between the ranking of objects for k. Characteristics. The rank assigned to each district displays its place to form this infrastructure component.

The deficit of some infrastructure elements can be compensated by the development of others. These examples prove the trend of comprehensive development rather. To quantify this process, you can calculate the rating correlation coefficients of the SpirMan between each pair of ranks, then determine the average of them. The number of similar coefficients is equal to the number of combinations from k. 2 - C 2 K |, and the operation is made quite tedious. It is easier to find the candalla concordation coefficient, which is an average of the pair correlation coefficients between ranks. The concordation coefficient is determined by the formula:

where S -the sum of the squares of the deviations of the rank amount for each object from the average amount of ranks:

where RJ -rank j -go district;

k -the number of rank series (in our example, this is the number of indicators for which areas ranked);

p -the number of ranked objects.

One of the most important areas of housing policy at the construction stage of new dwellings is to ensure the conformity of the structure of the new residential fund to the demographic composition and the needs of the population in need of improving housing conditions, i.e. Construction of the required number of apartments of a certain type and the level of comfort of living conditions, the compliance of the consumer properties of the dwelling of the population and others. Therefore, along with information about the volume, movement and state of the country's housing stock in general and on separate administrative and territorial units, statistical data on housing conditions are widely used. population.

The most integrated rate of housing conditions is the average security of a resident of the country with a common (residential) area, which is defined as private from dividing the total (residential) area of \u200b\u200bthe cash foundation on the average annual number of permanent population. The relative security rate of the overall (residential) area per resident of the country is traditionally included in the minimum set of social indicators for the characteristics of the standard of living of the population.

Currently, the actual security of residents of the Russian Federation is significantly less than in most developed countries. Thus, in most industrial countries, the minimum level of housing is 40-50 square meters. M of the total area per resident, and on average in the Russian Federation - 18.9 square meters. M (1998).

Minimal international standards provide for each member of the household of a separate room along with a common room for a joint stay of his members (or two rooms for a large household). The size of the total area per living should be at least 30 square meters. m.

Special regulations used in the Russian Federation for the development of public provision of housing, are also significantly lower than the international standards mentioned. Thus, the Federal Standard of the Social Norm of Housing Square per family member of three or more people is 18 square meters. M of the total area, on a family of two - 42 square meters. m, per lonely person - 33 square meters. m of the total area of \u200b\u200bhousing.

When analyzing the housing conditions of the population, it is important to establish not only the average level of security, but also differences in the distribution of housing stock between individual groups of the population, as well as the number of people living in housing conditions that are not relevant to the social standards established in the analyzed period.

For these purposes, information is made annually. among families who are registered in the territorial executive bodies of power, in housing and construction cooperatives or at the place of work for obtaining a living space or improve housing conditions; about the number of families and those living in them; About receiving housing or committed housing and removed for this reason, from accounting in the reporting year (Form No. 4-hillfond "Report on the distribution of living space and the number of families who received the area in the houses of the State Housing Fund and the Fund of Housing and Construction Cooperatives", form number 3-housing "Report on the provision of housing of persons dismissed into a reserve or resignation, and military personnel of the border troops").

In the annual statistical reporting, information on the distribution of living space (Form No. 4-housingfond) was differentiated by categories of families with in accordance with the legislation; the preemptive right to improve housing conditions or receiving housing is free of charge (disabled and participants of the Great Patriotic War, servicemen - Veterans of Afghanistan and military personnel dismissed in stock or resignation; Large and young families; families of persons who participated in the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, refugees, forced migrants).

All territorial levels also summarize the data on the number of families in accounting and living in communal apartments, dormitories, a dormitory and emergency housing foundation, as well as about 10 years and more. There are also reporting data on the total number of families who purchased a living area, including from among the sections.

An important characteristic of the housing conditions of the population is inequality in the distribution of housing between individual groups of the population. The grouping of the population in terms of the size of the total and residential area per member of the household (family) is carried out, as a rule, according to the general census (microspise) of the population, selective surveys of household budgets, which include issues of housing conditions. At the same time, along with an average size of a total (residential) area, which comes to a member of the household (family), the numerical and sexual agricultural composition of household members (family), a form of ownership, and a residential type (separate apartment, individual house, communal can be used as a group of signs. Apartment, hostel), number of rooms occupied, view of the work of the head of household, the level of housing, sources of current income, etc.

In addition to studying the housing conditions of the population in the population census program, a housing census can be included: the classification of buildings and dwellings by their type, year or development period, building material, type of possession and density of settlement, type and number of households living in housing. Such questions were kept in the census program, which was held in 1989.

To actualization of information on the distribution of housing stock in the interpersonal period, data is used, as a rule, data of current housing statistics and selective household surveys. Data on the numerical and age-age composition of household members, the ownership form and the size of the living space occupied by them, the number of rooms, the improvement of housing, the availability of residential premises intended for seasonal residence, garages, land plots, etc. Allowed in combination with other important characteristics (such as the level of average per capita income and consumer spending, their structure, type of household members, etc.), create a large number of combinational tables and significantly expand the analysis of housing conditions of the population.

The gradual refusal of subsidies from the budget for the content of housing and reimbursement of costs at the expense of the population leads to a rise in price of housing and utilities and the inability of individual population groups to produce appropriate payments due to insufficient income levels. In order to regulate these processes, the Government of the Russian Federation approved as an intergovernmental relationship tool when calculating transfers Federal standard of payment of citizens, which is determined as a percentage of the value of the housing and communal services provided on average for all types of these services.

In order to regulate the population's expenses, the Federal Standard is also approved by the federal standard of the maximum permissible share of their own expenses of citizens to pay housing and utilities in aggregate family income. This standard is calculated on the basis of the social norm of housing area and utility consumption standards. The specific parameters of these standards are established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. For example, in Moscow the maximum permissible share of its own expenses of citizens who have an average per capita income is not higher than the established subsistence minimum, to pay housing and the normal consumption of utilities should not be higher than half of the minimum wage established by the federal law.

In addition, the Federal Standard of the Maritime Cost of Housing and Communal Services provided by 1 square member was approved. M of the total area of \u200b\u200bhousing per month. This standard is determined by the economic districts of the Russian Federation.

The tasks of the information support for the housing problem also includes the preparation of data on the actual cost of the population to pay housing and communal services, level and dynamics of prices and tariffs for certain types of housing and utilities.

Currently, observing the prices and tariffs of representatives and expenses of the population on the services of housing and communal services is carried out on the basis of a survey of household budgets.

These surveys show that as a result of the increase in prices and tariffs for these services, the share of spending on their payment in consumer spending is constantly increasing. In 1997, the costs of paying housing and communal services in the Russian Federation amounted to about 6% of the total consumer spending against 0.9% in 1992. At the same time, the share of housing costs increased almost 7 times, central heating - 9 times , electricity - 3.5 times.