Number of existing credit institutions. The current state of the banking system of the Russian Federation. History and prospects

commercial Bank Credit Capital

Information on registration and licensing of credit institutions is presented on the website of the Bank of Russia.

If you analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of credit institutions in the Russian Federation over the past 5 years (Appendix 1), we can conclude that their number steadily falls (Fig. 1). At the same time, the number of non-bank credit organizations for 3 years has grown by 11 pieces. The number of banks with 100% participation in capital in the total share of all banks in approximately this period takes 7%.

The reason for reducing the number of credit institutions is the federal legislation of the country, especially for this process affects the Federal Law of 02.12.1990 N 395-1 (ed. From 09/30/2013) "On banks and banking activities":

• · Compare in order to increase and conserve capital, i.e. There is a fusion of capital;
• · Large banks buy smaller banks, i.e. absorption occurs;
• · Close due to bankruptcy or due to the impossibility of small banks to fulfill the requirements of the Central Bank for work and the size of the authorized capital, i.e. Self-destruction or liquidation of court decision is carried out
• · The processes of mergers, absorption or closures of banks are constantly, but after raising the Bank of Russia, the planks at the minimum value of the authorized capital - the number of such processes will increase dramatically.

Fig.1.

In addition, banks are closed and in connection with violations of laws. According to the forecasts of a number of analysts, which began during the financial crisis, the reduction in the number of existing banks of Russia will continue. Many experts expect a significant reduction in the number of existing banks (up to 500), but how many banks will remain in fact, no one can say that it will be bad or good for Russia will be visible after a while.

The reorganization of certain credit institutions is in full swing, which also reduces the total number of banks in Russia. For example:

• · On October 22, 2013, the Bank of Russia reported that in accordance with the requirements of Part 5 of Article 23 of the Federal Law of 02.12.1990 No. 395-1 "On Banks and Banking Activities" began the procedure for the reorganization of the Open Joint-Stock Company "Binbank" in the form of accession It is an innovative construction bank "Bashinvest" Closed Joint-Stock Company. After the completion of the reorganization from 2 banks will turn out 1.
• · January 14, 2014, the Bank of Russia reported that, in accordance with the requirements of Article 23 of the Federal Law of 02.12.1990 No. 395-1, the procedure of reorganization of the ABSOLUT Bank "Absolut Bank" was launched (Open Joint-Stock Company) in the form of accession to HIP Finance Investment Bank (Open Joint Stock Company).

World experience however, it shows that if the bank found and sustainably occupied a certain niche for banking services, it is not important - a large one or a small bank, the main thing is that he will be able to work without violating legislation and regulations. An example of a small Switzerland, where large and small banks coexist peacefully, and banks are so "indecently" a lot that there is no way to fall apple - indicative. There is all the work, and each bank is needed to the place. And according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) in the United States, banks - 6,891 worked at the end of the third quarter of 2013.

Of course, it is very bad when instead of high-quality control and effective regulation of banks, we throw from extremes to extremes. It would be more reasonable not to close small banks, and especially in the regions, but limit their maximum amounts of loans issued in some hands and limit the reception of deposits from one depositor with certain parameters, linking all this with capital value. Focusing them on serving small businesses and individuals, and let them work.

The number of banks in Russia in recent years is constantly decreasing. This confirms the conclusions of experts who have long been said that in the coming years about 500 banks will remain in Russia. Indeed, the forecasts of analysts in the number of banks were quite real. To make sure that it is worth looking at the number of banks in the light of the latest changes in the legislation on the size of the authorized capital.

So, how many banks and not banking ko in Russia and how many of them are small banks? In accordance with the data of the Bank of the Russian Federation as of 01/01/2018, the number of commercial banks and non-banking organizations in Russia is - 561, of which 230 (41%) can be attributed to large banks. And on 01.01.2017, the number of commercial banks and non-banking organizations in Russia was - 623, of which 246 (39.5%) can be firmly attributed to large and appropriate requirements for the magnitude of authorized capital.

Of the total number of banks and not banking at the beginning of 2018 - 277, or 49.4% are registered and have a head office in Moscow. With such a number of banks in Moscow and in the approximate number of population of Moscow for 2016 - 12,300,000 people it turns out that every 44.4 thousand population population accounts for one bank.

The number of banks as of 01.01.2018 amounted to 561That is, over the past 2017, it decreased by 62 banks (623-561). And the number of banks since 2008 decreased by 575 banks (1,136 -561), which is 50.6%, and that the most unpleasant - the rapid pace there is a reduction in banks in almost all federal districts.

The dynamics of the total number of existing banks in Russia in the context of federal districts, over the past 11 years it looks like this:

	Number of existing banks in the context of the regions of Russia	As of 01.01 2008	As of 01.01 2009.	As of 01.01 2010	As of 01.01 2011	As of 01.01 2012.	As of 01.01 2013.	As of 01.01 2014.	On 01/01 2015	As of 01.01 2016.	As of 01.01 2017.	On 01/01 2018
1.	CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT	632	621	598	585	572	564	547	504	434	358	319
	moscow	555	543	522	514	502	494	489	450	383	314	277
2.	Northwest Federal District	81	79	75	71	69	70	70	64	60	49	43
3.	SOUTHERN FEDERAL DISTRICT	118	115	113	47	45	46	46	43	37	38	35
4.	North Caucasian Federal District	-	-	-	57	56	50	43	28	22	17	17
5.	VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT	134	131	125	118	111	106	102	92	85	77	71
6.	URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT	63	58	54	51	45	44	42	35	32	29	26
7.	SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICT	68	68	62	56	54	53	51	44	41	37	32
8.	Far Eastern Federal District	40	36	31	27	26	23	22	22	17	18	18
9.	Crimean Federal District (since 2017 entered the Southern Federal District)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	5	-	-
TOTAL	In the Russian Federation	1 136	1 108	1 058	1 012	978	956	923	834	733	623	561

The table shows that the main number of banks is registered in the European part of the country, and very few regional banks beyond the Urals. The minor number of regional commercial banks in the territory of huge in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Far Eastern, Northern and Ural federal districts, which has also significantly decreased significantly for the analyzed period, and the main wealth of Russia are located in these territories of the country.

Statistics on the number of banks in recent years suggests that the reduction of banks continues to be highly rates. So, only on 02.02.2018, the Bank of Russia withdrew the license to the implementation of banking operations at the next 2 banks (RKB LLC and JSC PartnerPuttalbank).

01.01.2018 amounted to 561. For 2017, their number decreased by 62. Whereas for 2016 banks decreased by 110 units, and in 2015 - for 101 units. Reducing banks in 2018 slowed down a bit.

Recalling licenses from banks that create a real threat to the interests of creditors and depositors and has repeatedly allowed the non-fulfillment of federal laws regulating banking activities and regulatory acts of the Bank of Russia, and continued in 2018.

The fact that in 2017 the Bank of Russia was withdrawn by the License of PJSC Bank Ugra, which in 2016 included in the list of the 30 largest banks of the country, compiled by the Bank of Russia, taking into account the fulfillment of the main performance indicators. And after the revocation of the license in the bank, the operations were identified with reporting in order to conceal the real financial situation. PJSC Bank "Ugra" was not a systemically significant credit institution.

03/03/2017 Licenses for banking operations are recalled at once in four banks:

• KB "Interregional Post Bank" (Reg. No. 3171, Moscow)
• Ankhange Bank (AO) (Reg. No. 889, Kazan)
• PJSC "INTEKHBANK" (Reg. No. 2705, Kazan)
• PJSC "Tatfondbank" (Reg. No. 3058, Kazan)

Number of existing banks in Russia on 01.02.2018 amounted to 558. For the first month of 2018, the number of banks decreased by 3. The license response continues onwards. So, only for an incomplete month of February 2018, 5 licenses are already withdrawn:

• Akb "Master-Capital" (OJSC) (Reg. No. 3011, Moscow) - from 20.02.2018.
• LLC URALACAPITABANK (Reg. No. 2519, Ufa) - from February 15, 2018
• Bank SBRR (LLC) (Reg. No. 1284, Tyumen) - from 06.02.2018.
• LLC "RKB" (Reg. No. 103, Moscow) - from 02.02.2018.
• "Partnershippitanbank" (AO) (Reg. No. 635, Moscow) - from 02.02.2018.

And 01.02.2018, the bank of Russia reported on the start of the procedure for the reorganization of LLC Exobank in the form of joining it "Bank on pottery" (AO), i.e. The number of banks will decrease another bank.

What do you think, how many banks will remain in Russia in the near future, given such rates of licenses. I think less than 500 banks, as experts predicted.

Grouping of banks in the size of the authorized capital

How many banks in Russia can disappear in the near future can be determined based on the size of the authorized capital (fund) of specific banks.

So, based on Article 11 of the Federal Law "On Banks and Banking Activities" (with changes and additions), it follows that the minimum amount of authorized capital on the day of submission of a petition for state registration and issuing a license for banking operations is established in the amount:

1. 1 billion rubles - for a newly registered bank with a universal license;
2. 300 million rubles - for a newly registered bank with a basic license;
3. 90 million rubles - for the newly registered non-bank credit institution, except for the minimum amount of the authorized capital of the newly registered non-bank credit institution - the central counterparty;
4. 300 million rubles - for a newly registered non-bank credit organization - a central counterparty.

And what about the existing credit institutions, the size of own funds (capital) of which does not meet these standards? Article 20 of the Federal Law 395-1 of 02.12.1990 states that the Bank of Russia is obliged, with the exception of cases established by federal laws, to withdraw a license to carry out banking operations in cases:

• if the value of all standards for the adequacy of own funds (capital) of the credit institution becomes below two percent;
• if the amount of own funds (capital) of the credit institution is below the minimum value of the authorized capital established at the date of state registration of the credit institution (applied after 2 years of activity from the date of registration);
• if a bank with a universal license on January 1, 2018, the size of own funds (capital) does not comply with the requirements established by the first article 11 (2) of the law on the appropriate date, there are no grounds established by part of the fourth article 11 (2) of the law to continue its activities As a bank with a universal license, and such a bank did not receive before January 1, 2019 in the order established by the Bank of Russia the status of a bank with a basic license, or did not change its status on the status of a non-bank credit institution, or did not receive the status of a microfinance company simultaneously termination of the credit status Organizations and cancellation of a license for banking operations;
• if a bank with a universal license after January 1, 2019 for four months in a row, a decrease in the size of own funds (capital) is lower than the minimum size of own funds (capital), established by part of the first article 11 (2) ...
• if the Bank with a basic license after January 1, 2018 for four months in a row made a decrease in the size of own funds (capital) below the minimum amount of own funds (capital) established by part of the first article 11 (2) ...

Now let's see how the central bank of the Russian Federation grows second-level banks based on the magnitude of the registered authorized capital of the Bank:

The size of the authorized capital (million rubles)	Number of banks of Russia
	on 01.01. 2008	on 01.01. 2009	on 01.01. 2010	on 01.01 .2011	on 01.01. 2012	on 01.01. 2013	on 01.01 .2014	on 01.01. 2015	on 01.01. 2016	on 01.01. 2017	on 01.01. 2018
From 10 billion rubles. and higher	-	-	21	22	22	23	25	27	29	33	35
From 1 to 10 billion rubles.	-	-	128	133	143	154	161	163	153	136	117
From 500 million to 1 billion rubles.	-	-	109	103	114	123	116	111	97	77	78
From 300 to 500 million rubles.	302	339	350	98	101	95	116	118	104	90	78
From 150.0 to 300.0	248	254	252	250	263	276	251	212	171	137	113
From 60.0 to 150.0	207	194	204	222	199	168	143	112	88	57	68
From 30.0 to 60.0	161	140	117	98	62	46	36	30	28	26	23
From 10.0 to 30.0	120	99	71	46	41	41	45	38	38	37	31
From 3.0 to 10.0	61	51	38	23	18	15	15	13	12	10	9
Up to 3.0.	37	31	26	17	15	15	15	10	13	10	9
Total	1136	1108	1058	1012	978	956	923	834	733	623	561

So, on 01.01.2018, only 308 banks (35 + 117 + 78 + 78) have authorized capital, which is sufficient for a universal or basic license, which meets the requirements of the Central Bank on capital, and 113 banks whose share capital meets the requirement for a license non-bank credit institution, which is respectively 54.9% and 20.1% of the total number of banks. From this quantity, but already taking into account the main indicators of the activities of banks, the Bank of Russia monthly defines a list of 30 largest banks in Russia and the list of systemically significant banks in Russia.

And towards the closure or accession to other banks are moving - 140 banks, whose share capital does not meet the requirements - these banks are in the risk area.

Back in July 2015, the head of VTB Andrei Kostin in an interview with the German newspaper Die Welt stated that:

The number of banks in Russia can be reduced by 500 in five years. In Russia, too many banks. There are about 800 institutes. Five years later, they can be 500 less, and we could reach a stable level with 100 banks.

Based on the requirements of the Bank of Russia to the authorized capital, many banks undergo the following transformation:

• Combine to increase and conserve capital, i.e. There is a fusion of capital;
• Large banks buy smaller banks, i.e. absorption occurs;
• Close due to bankruptcy or due to the impossibility of small banks to fulfill the requirements of the Central Bank for work and the size of the authorized capital, i.e. Self-destruction or liquidation by court decision is carried out.

The processes of mergers, acquisitions or closures of banks are constantly, but after raising the Bank of Russia, the planks at the minimum value of the authorized capital - the number of such processes will increase dramatically. In addition, banks are closed and forcibly due to violations of laws.

Some credit institutions are reorganized, which also reduces the total number of banks in Russia. For example:

• November 13, 2014, the Khanty-Mansiysk Bank announced the completion of the accession of the Bank "Opening" and the Novosibirsk Municipal Bank. After the completion of the reorganization of 3 banks will turn out 1.
• November 18, 2016 MDM Bank said that the reorganization of Binbank and Binbank Murmansk was completed, by joining the MDM Bank. The combined bank will work under the Binbank brand. In addition, it was reported that for four more banks were attached to Binbank: "Cedar", Binbank Smolensk, Binbank Surgut and Binbank Tver
  November 13, 2017 Bank VTB (PJSC) (No. 1000, St. Petersburg) began the procedure for reorganization in the form of accession to HTB 24 (PJSC) (No. 1623, Moscow).

According to the forecasts of a number of analysts, which began during the financial crisis, the reduction in the number of existing banks of Russia will continue. Many experts expect a significant reduction in the number of existing banks, but how many banks will actually have to firmly say no one can and will be bad or good for Russia will be visible after a while. Only one thing is clear, in Russia there is a deficit of high-quality banking services in the regions and the imbalance does not yet change.

World experience shows that if the bank found and sustainably occupied a certain niche for banking services, it does not matter - a large or small bank, the main thing is that he can work work without violating legislation and standards. An example of a small Switzerland, where large and small banks coexist peacefully, and banks are so "indecently" a lot that there is no way to fall apple - indicative. There is all the work, and each bank is needed to the place.
Of course it is very bad when instead of high-quality control and effective regulation of banks, we throw from extremes to extremes. It would be more reasonable not to close small banks, and especially in the regions, but limit their maximum amounts of loans issued in some hands and limit the reception of deposits from one depositor with certain parameters, linking all this with capital value. Focusing them on serving small businesses and individuals, and let them work. By the way, the Bank of Russia in this direction changes have already been proposed.

Thus, the Bank of Russia has developed proposals (partially being introduced), according to which all Russian banks are divided into three groups:

• systems - meaningful, according to which the special requirements have been established since 2015,
• banks of federal significance
• regional banks.

As the head of the Bank of Russia Elvira Nabiullina explained about the reorganization of the banking system:

"We offer the allocation of a new type of credit institution - regional bank. To this kind, relatively small regional organizations with a limited circle of the most simple banking operations can be attributed. The business model of such banks should be attracting funds from individuals and legal entities of a particular region, their placement with Minimal risks in loans to the population and business, primarily the average and small, the same region.

In relation to other banks, except for systemically significant, we call them the banks of the federal significance, it is planned to increase the minimum requirements for the size of their own funds to 1 billion rubles and the consistent implementation of international standards "

Number of banks of the Russian Federation (by year)

The statistics of the number of banks in the Russian Federation over the past 18 years is as follows:

date	Number of banks in Russia at the chosen date	Including Number of banks in Moscow
01.01.2001	1311	578
01/01/2002	1319	620
01/01/2003	1329	645
01.01.2004	1329	661
01.01.2005	1299	656
01.01.2006	1253	631
01.01.2007	1189	593
01.01.2008	1136	555
01.01.2009	1108	543
01.01.2010	1058	522
01.01.2011.	1012	514
01.01.2012	978	502
01.01.2013.	956	494
01.01.2014.	923	489
01.01.2015	834	450
01/01/2016	733	383
01.01.2017	623	314
01.01.2018	561	277
06/01/2018	530	262

The number of banks as of 01.10.2018 is 508, of which

Material prepared taking into account the use of these Central Bank on the number of banks and their grouping in terms of the size of authorized funds and information of the Central Bank to revoke licenses.

History and prospects

GOU Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management (NSUEU)

Yu.F. Plus

The article "National Banking System: History and Prospects" The issues of formation and development of the banking system, taking into account the factors that have a significant impact on these processes are considered.

The National Banking System is an integral part of the credit system and interacts with different sectors of the economy, serving real production depends on the level of industry development and other sectors of the economy on the one hand. On the other hand, the National Banking System has a significant impact on the national economy, being a necessary condition for economic growth in the country.

Professor O. I. Lavrushushin writes that "the practice knows several types of banking system: a distribution centralized banking system, a market banking system and a transition system."

The National Banking System of Russia is a transition system in a transitive economy, which is in the formation stage. The National Banking System contains the components of the market banking system, although their interaction is not yet sufficiently developed and elements of the banking system must fully take into account the features and conditions of the market economy.

The national banking system needs to be considered as an economic system, which consists of individual elements of interrelated and interacting, each of which performs certain functions, conducts a list of operations in accordance with the aim of operation. Separate elements form a single, holistic set, resulting in the needs of society in banking services.

As the historical experience of the development of the banking system of Russia shows, in the pre-revolutionary period in the conditions of the established market relations of that period, a peculiar two-level system was formed. At the first level was the state bank of the Russian Empire, which began its activities in 1860. The second level was represented by joint-stock commercial banks, mortgage and urban banks, mutual loan societies and credit cooperation.

In the former Soviet Union from the 1930s to the 1980s, the state created a system of specialized banks and the end of this period worked state banks. The banks that exist during this period had an extensive network of branches and institutions, of which the USSR statebank had about 4.5 thousand offices, construction banks of the USSR - 2.5 thousand and Vneshtorgbank of the USSR - 7 branches in the country. Such a banking system made it possible to conduct a unified monetary policy and to carry out strict control over its implementation. But the lack of market relations and interbank competition in the state economy made it difficult to develop a banking system.

Until 1987, in Russia, the organizational structure of the banking system was built on a pronounced sectoral principle and included the State Bank of the USSR, Stroybank of the USSR, Vneshtorgbank of the USSR, as well as the Sovagranbank system.

Thus, in Russia there was a monoloral banking system. Building a single-level banking system is possible in cases when "... There is no central bank in the country, there is only a central bank in the country, or the Central Bank performs all operations, competing with other banks."

A single-level banking system, as a rule, existed in the early stages of the development of banking systems, when banks could carry out all types of operations, including the issuance of monetary signs. "... As an example, Hong Kong can be given, where, by agreement with the UK, the Bank of England is performed for this country."

In the process of developing market reforms, the objective need for reforming the banking system has developed. Since 1987, the concept of reorganization of the banking system was developed, which assumed the change in the organizational structure of the banking system, increasing the role of banks in the economy and strengthening their impact on the development of the national economy. As a result, a two-level banking system was created, the top level was held by the State Bank of the USSR, as the central bank of the country, the second level of newly created specialized banks, such as Promstroybank of the USSR, Zhilsotsbank of the USSR, Agroprombank of the USSR, Sberbank of the USSR. Thus, a two-level banking system was formed, but the state monopoly on banking was still preserved.

"... Problems of economic management of the country's monetary turnover, regulation of the activities of the banking system, the development of competition between banks led to the need for deepening reforms in the banking sector."

The transition to market relations at the beginning of the nineties entailed new transformation in the field of banking system, which was expressed in the formation and development of the two-level banking system.

Thus, after the collapse of the USSR, the state monopoly on banking was eliminated in Russia and a two-level banking system was formed, and special banking legislation was developed and operated, which ensured the legal regulation of banking activities in accordance with economic conditions based on market principles.

The last global reform of the banking system was completed by the end of the 90s. XX century. In this period, specialized banks were abolished. With the adoption of the laws "On cooperation in the USSR" of May 26, 1988 and "On Enterprises in the USSR" dated June 4, 1990, there were new opportunities to create sensitive sectoral or territorial cooperative banks, as the state monopoly on the banking was canceled. And by mid-1990, 202 commercial banks were created in Russia.

Summarizing the resulting analysis as a result of which the degree of influence of the socio-economic system was determined on the development of the banking system, it should be noted that the socio-economic system is a basis or the basis for the activities of the modern national banking system. Next, we will focus on the main factors acting on the formation and development of the National Banking System.

Determining the factors affecting the formation of the national banking system, it is necessary to allocate historical development experience. In the process of forming a banking system in Russia in the 90s. Discussion discussions took place about choosing a type of construction. And in this direction, the historical experience of the development of the banking system was priority. In the pre-revolutionary period, the banking system of Russia and the banking system of Germany were identical. Therefore, the German type of development was chosen in the rearrangement period.

Since 1996, Russia has received a fairly high credit rating, which contributed to participation in the ranking of Russian banks. Banks can participate only if the country is the participant in the rating bank. The rating that can be assigned to the bank should be no higher than the ranking of the country and to obtain it it is necessary to pay rating agencies several hundred thousand dollars and make a balance in accordance with international standards certified by the international auditor.

All over the world, there is a system for assigning ratings by specialized rating agencies, there is another valuable in international business circles annually compiled rating of the authoritative English magazine "The Banker", (Table 1).

Therefore, it is necessary to adequately assess the importance of solutions to the state authorities for the activities of the National Banking System, which are crucial in further development.

So, the banking system develops under the action of a complex of factors characteristic of a certain country. Professor Tagirbekov K.R. describes how significant the following factors are: "... natural and geographic conditions, climate, national population, its classes and crafts, contacts with neighbors, trading pathways, etc."

Table 1

Name	Place in the world of 2009	Place in the world of 2003	Place in the world of 2002
Sberbank of Russia
Vneshtorgbank
Gazprombank
Interprombank.	-
MDM Bank
Vnesheconombank	-
Globaxbank
Bank of Moscow			-
Alfa Bank
Uralsibbank			-
Rosbank
Petrocommerz
NOMOS-BANK
Trust Bank			-
International Moscow Bank	-		-

Professor Lavrushshin O.I., believes "... that a number of macroeconomic and political factors affect the development of the banking system, among them it allocates such as the degree of maturity of commodity-money relations, public and economic order, its target and social orientation, legislative Basics and acts, general idea of \u200b\u200bthe essence and role of the bank in the economy. "

Most significant factors, we will take the factors that have a decisive impact on the formation and development of the National Banking System: the socio-economic system, historical development experience, the regulatory framework, interaction with the world banking system, the level of socio-economic development of the country, the policy of authorities (political factor).

It should be noted that the modern banking system was formed under the action of a number of factors described above and depending on the degree of impact of which the direction and level of development of the national banking system was determined taking into account the social and political system, historical development experience, the overall level of economic development.

The number of credit institutions since 1988 was constantly increased with the development of economic relations. With the adoption of banking laws at the end of 1990, banking was regulated, the conditions for the opening of banks were determined, the two-level banking system was finally fixed. The banking system at that time developed quite quickly, given the particular number of existing credit institutions. At the end of 1991, 1360 credit institutions operated, but these were mainly small banks - 73% of the total. The largest banks at that time were Sberbank of Russia and Vnesheconombank. In general, the banking system was quite unstable, because there was a lack of capital, a low level of personnel qualifications, a high level of inflation and banking risks, which led to a large number of bankruptcies, (schedule 1).

In 1995, there was a maximum number of credit institutions - 2457. Then the number of current credit institutions decreased caused crises (autumn 1994, August 1995, a pre-incise situation in late 1997, August 1998), which occurred in those periods.

Chart number 1.

Dynamics of quantitative indicators of existing credit institutions

In 1997, the National Banking System developed fairly stable, in the structure of passive operations the main share was occupied by deposits of the population and the means of legal entities. In the structure of assets, 44% occupied credit operations. The population lending was mainly only Sberbank of Russia. This year was the last favorable year for the development of the National Banking System, since next year most banks did not receive profits, and expenses exceeded income. The second half of 1998 was marked by the strongest banking crisis, as a result of which, in general, the capital of the National Banking System decreased three times in ruble calculus. The number of credit institutions decreased from 1998 to 1999 from 2029 to 1476, the resource base was reduced due to depositors' care.

To exit the crisis situation, a number of significant measures took place. For this, legislative and organizational foundations have been created for the restructuring of credit institutions, as a result, banks were restored to the provision of basic banking services to the economy.

And since 2000, the number of existing credit institutions is at a certain level, which confirms some stability of the development of the national banking system.

Experts celebrate the financial crisis and recession of 2008-2009, as part of the financial crisis, has had a strong impact on the functioning of the National Banking System of Russia.

In the current uneasy conditions, the banking sector needs to maintain high and sustainable economic growth rates. And the achieved macroeconomic stability require from the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation to develop new decisions aimed at ensuring the progressive development of the banking sector on the basis of strengthening its sustainability, improving the competitiveness of Russian credit institutions, improving bank regulation and supervision, enhancing the protection of interest and strengthening depositors' confidence and other bank lenders.

In the process of banking development, regulatory legal support of banking activities is improved, the transition of credit institutions to the use of international financial reporting standards is completed, conditions are being created to prevent the use of credit institutions in oppositional purposes (first of all, such as the financing of terrorism and legalization of income obtained by criminal means) The quality of services provided by credit organizations.

The important task of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is the development and conduct of active joint actions for the formation of a modern competitive national banking system that meets the strategic interests of the Russian economy.

The main purpose of the further development of the banking sector is to strengthen its role in the country's economy when ensuring systemic sustainability and improve the quality of the services provided. The achievement of this goal will be carried out in the following areas:

· Improving legal support of banking activities;

· Improving the efficiency of banking regulation and banking supervision;

· Development of a competitive environment and ensuring transparency in the activities of credit institutions, banking groups and banking holdings;

· Strengthening market disciplines in the banking sector and ensuring equal terms of competition for all credit institutions, including banks controlled by the state;

· Improving the requirements for the quality of corporate governance in credit institutions, banking groups and banking holdings.

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2. Money, credit, banks: textbook / ed. O.I. Laurel. 2nd ed., Pererab. and add. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 1999. - 464 p.

3. Methodical approach to the formation of regional banking systems (on the example of the Siberian Federal District): the dissertation. / Myshnova Yu.F., 2004

4. Basics of banking activities (banking) / Ed. Tagirbekova K.R. - M.: Publishing House Infra -M; The whole world - 2003. - 720 p.

5. Statement of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the development strategy of the banking sector of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2008. - Access mode: http: // www.cbr.ru.

6. Report on the development of the banking sector and banking supervision in 2008: - Access mode: http: // www.cbr.ru.

7. Access mode: www.cbr.ru.

8. The Banker: - Electronic magazine. - Access mode: http://www.thebanker.com.

Keywords: national banking system, banking system, bank, history of the development of the banking system, prospects for the development of banks.

In recent years, there has been a significant reduction in the number of banks in Russia. According to the conclusions of analysts in the foreseeable future, there will be no more than 200-300 banks in our country. Doubt the words of experts do not have to doubt, since the number of banks in the Russian Federation is reduced by the legislative installation by the Government of restrictions on the authorized capital.

As of December 1, 2018, the number of existing banks in Russia is 490 pieces.

Dynamics of banks in Russia

Mass reducing the number of banking organizations began in 2001. Since then, their number is reduced every year. Moreover, over the past 4 years, a decrease in the number of banks has been significant. This is evidenced by statistics: In 2014, the total number of all banks decreased by 89 pieces; In 2015, the number of abolished organizations reached 101; In 2016, even more - 110 pieces; In 2017, 62 banks were closed, and in 2018 - already 57. Total since 2001, 807 banking organizations were eliminated.

As of	Number of existing banks in the Russian Federation	In Moscow
1 Jan 2001.	1311	578
Jan 1 2002.	1319	620
1 Jan 2003.	1329	645
1 Jan 2004.	1329	661
1 Jan 2005.	1299	656
Jan 1, 2006.	1253	631
Jan 1, 2007.	1189	593
Jan 1, 2008.	1136	555
Jan 1, 2009.	1108	543
Jan 1, 2010.	1058	522
Jan 1 2011.	1012	514
Jan 1 2012.	978	502
Jan Jan 2013.	956	494
Jan 1, 2014.	923	489
Jan 1, 2015.	834	450
Jan 1, 2016.	733	383
Jan 1, 2017.	623	314
Jan 1 2018.	561	277
Nov 1 2018.	499	249
Dec 2018.	490	242

Information is presented on the basis of the data of the Central Bank.

The main reason for the closure of banks is considered a loss of a license to a commercial organization. There may be several reasons for this:

• the inability to pay off debt to creditors;
• evasion from the performance of regulatory acts of the Central Bank;
• in case the bank's capital does not exceed the lower threshold of authorized capital;
• failure to comply with the laws on which the activities of the banking organization should be carried out.

In general, a decrease in the number of banks is positively affected by the banking sector and stimulates the country's economy. The population has confidence in the stability of the current banking system due to the fact that only reliable organizations remain on the market, which in the forces to fulfill their obligations to depositors and creditors, creating a stability situation.

According to federal districts

According to the presented table, it can be concluded that the largest number of banks is located in the European part of Russia, while the least of all regional banking organizations in Siberian, Far Eastern and in the Urals. In these territories is the main natural resource potential, and a small number of credit and banking organizations creates the complexity of the economic development of these regions.

Number of existing banks by region	1 Jan. 2010	1 Jan. 2011	1 Jan. 2012	1 Jan. 2013	1 Jan. 2014	1 Jan. 2015	1 Jan. 2016	1 Jan. 2017	1 Dec 2018
CFO	598	585	572	564	547	504	434	358	276
moscow city	522	514	502	494	489	450	383	314	242
SFO	75	71	69	70	70	64	60	49	41
SUFO	113	47	45	46	46	43	37	38	27
Skfo	-	57	56	50	43	28	22	17	12
PFO	125	118	111	106	102	92	85	77	67
UFO	54	51	45	44	42	35	32	29	23
SFO	62	56	54	53	51	44	41	37	28
DFO	31	27	26	23	22	22	17	18	16
KFO (C 2017 is part of the SFO)	-	-	-	-	-	2	5	-	-
In general, in the Russian Federation	1058	1012	978	956	923	834	733	623	490

Grouping of banks in the size of the authorized capital

Evaluation of institutions on the authorized capital helps to draw conclusions about whether it can respond to their material adequacy to creditors and depositors.

According to the Federal Law of 02.12.90 No. 395-1 "On Banks and Banking Activities" (Article 11), total capital varies in size depending on the activities of the Bank. And more specifically:

1. For an organization that is not a banking threshold of capital should not be less than 90 million rubles;
2. If the bank has a basic license, then the amount of capital is 300 million rubles;
3. If the bank is issued a universal license, then the capital threshold should be more than 1 billion rubles.

If a bank or credit organization is not able to comply with the boundaries of authorized capital, then the license responds with such a bank, and it is forced to stop its activities. Next, we give cases in which the Bank is deprived of the license:

• In the case when bank funds are calculated less than established by FZ No. 395-1. At the same time, at the beginning of this year, the bank possessed a universal license, without turning into the status of a bank who owns basic licenses to the beginning of next year (01.01.2019) and without replacing his status on the title of non-banking organization.
• When a bank with a basic license has crossed the threshold minimum capital mark and did not exit this value for 4 months. The period from 01/01/2018 is taken into account.
• When the bank's performance (sufficiency) does not exceed 2%.
• When at the time of issuing registration (provided that it took 2 years from the date of its issuance) the total amount of personal capital of the bank does not exceed the permissible threshold of share capital.

At the moment, the statistics of the number of banks in Russia says that their number is inexorably declining. Another 140 organizations are under threat of a license.

In the summer of 2015, the President-Chairman of the Board of VTB A.L. Sidinn said that the number of banking organizations would decrease in the nearst five years. At the same time, he called a huge number for that year - by 500 pieces. He adhered to the point of view that it would benefit on the economy of our country, since such a necessary measure will strengthen the strength of the banking system in the consciousness of people.

The requirements of the Central Bank regarding the authorized capital makes most of the banking organizations do the following:

• Larger banks absorb small, redeeming all assets.
• Different organizations merge into one - the association at the same time implies a complete merger of funds.
• Announced bankrupt and eliminate.

Before becoming a client of any bank, it is necessary to make sure of its reliability - the credit institution must have a license for relevant activities, as well as occupy in the ranking of banks not the most recent positions and not have trends towards a constant decline in its indicators in this list. In the article we will introduce you to the total number of commercial banks in Russia, present the most "top", we present a list of organizations devoid of licenses. We also negone other useful information about this area.

How many banks in Russia today?

As of August 1, 2017, 537 commercial credit institutions operate in the Russian Federation. The total number of banks in Russia, registered at one time or another, today - 878. In 341, a license is currently withdrawn.

We give a table that tells about the number of banks in Russia in the past summer.

Let's talk now about some patterns of changes in the number of banks, as well as the plans of the Central Bank about Russian credit institutions.

Dynamics of changes in the number of banks

Having learned how many banks in Russia today and how many of them were at least 10 years ago, one thing is clear - the number of these institutions is steadily declining. As of January 1, 2017, in our country, the number of banks amounted to 45.2% of their number in 2008.

From an existing number to large, only 336 can be attributed. Of these, only 314 have headquarters in the capital. So, for 39 thousand people of the population of Moscow accounts for only one bank - this is due to the organization, and not the number of offices and units. Speaking about the regions, it can be said that the overwhelming number of banks in Russia is registered in its European part, but for the northern, Far Eastern district) their catastrophic. But it was in the territories of these regions that the main natural wealth of the country are concentrated.

Many struck a review of the license from the Bank "Ugra", which firmly entered the thirty of the main banking organizations of Russia. The reason for such a decision was the concealment of their actual financial condition.

Authorized capital and association of banks

Referring to Art. 11 FZ "On banks and their activities", you can say for sure that the emergence of new credit institutions is very problematic - we will get acquainted with the requirements for the authorized capital of the registered institution:

• The smallest share capital of a banking organization for issuing a license is 300 million rubles.
• The smallest size of the authorized capital of credit, but at the same time non-banking organization planning to work with physical, and with legal entities with a banking license - 90 million rubles.
• The smallest size of the authorized capital of the credit non-banking organization planning to work without a bank license is 18 million rubles.

The size of own funds in the already current bank should not be lower than the plank of 300 million rubles. For these indicators, 150 banking organizations today are in the risk area. They have two ways - closing or joining a larger bank. Such institutions are experiencing three main types of transformations:

• Capital merger with a capital of another credit organization.
• Actual absorption of a larger bank.
• Self-destruction, liquidation due to bankruptcy.

Separation of Russian banks

In the nearest plans of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation - to divide the entire number of Russian banks into three large categories:

• A dozen systemically significant banks: Sberbank, Gazprombank, "Opening", VTB, "UniCredit", "Promsvyazbank", "Raiffeisen-Bank", "Alfa-Bank", "Rosselkhozbank", "Rosbank" (for 2016 ).
• Federal banks of Russia are credit organizations that have offices and branches in the overwhelming number of regions of Russia. They must meet international standards and have the smallest amount of equity to capital not lower than 1 billion rubles.
• Regional banks - small credit organizations carrying out simple banking operations - currency exchange, loans to the population, receiving money for deposits from citizens, etc. The main audience is individuals, small and medium business.

Drawing up rating banks

Top of banks of Russia is drawn up on three main groups:

• Main factors: Net assets, loan portfolio, contributions from individuals, attachment of customers into securities, capital in form 123, 134.
• Indicators of the institution: Profitability of capital, net assets, turnover on currency transactions, overdue loans arrears and so on.
• Balance indicators: cash security of the CASS, loans to individuals and legal entities, overdrafts, fixed assets and other assets issued bills, bonds, and so on.

Top banks of Russia

Consider the rating of credit institutions for the most important indicators. Key banks of Russia are determined by the size of net assets - valid, real assets. Calculated by deducting from the total number of incomes of liabilities (debt obligations of the credit institution). We give the data for August 2017.

Banks devoid of licenses in 2017

Speaking about reliable banks of Russia, you need to mention those who have not justified the confidence of their immediate customers. Recall that in 2015 the licenses lost 93 banks, and in 2016 - 97. On the results of 2017 it is still early to speak, but today the following credit organizations have the right to conduct activities:

• "Bulgar-Bank";
• "Shopping City Bank";
• "Tatfond Bank";
• "Ankor Bank";
• North-West-1 "Alliance Bank";
• "Economic Union"
• "Sirius";
• "Rosenergobank";
• "Yenisei";
• "Oil Alliance";
• "INTEKHBANK";
• "SIBES";
• "Talmenka Bank";
• "NOVATION";
• "Ivy";
• "Tatagroprombank";
• "Education";
• Ritz;
• "FINARS";
• "Krylovsky";
• "International Construction Bank";
• Vladprombank;
• "Northeast Alliance";
• Riabank;
• Intercoopbank;
• "Moscow National Investment Bank";
• "Steel-Bank";
• "Legion";
• "Prime Credit";
• "Ugra";
• "Anelika ru";
• "Reserve".

What can the bank bring a license?

The decision to revoke a license is accepted by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Consider the base table necessary for the commercial bank in Russia to lose the right to engage in its activities.

It goes without saying that without a license, the Bank has no right to continue its work.

We hope that such a brief excursion by the number of banks, their rating, development trends helped you understand when choosing an organization for one or another type of financial service.