Female infidelity is a rather complex phenomenon. First, with the social ...
Hello dear brothers and sisters, the purpose of the article is to tell you that not so long ago, in the countries the former USSR Saturday was the seventh day of the week, as established by the Lord from the foundation of the world, and not the sixth, as it is now. ( Genesis 2: 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it, for on that day He rested from all His works, which God did and created; Exodus 20: 8-11 Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy; work six days and do all your deeds, and the seventh day is the Sabbath to the Lord your God: do not do any deed there, neither you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your servant, nor your handmaid, nor your cattle, nor a stranger. that is in your gates; for in six days the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day; therefore the Lord blessed the sabbath day and sanctified it.
The photo below shows a calendar made up to the reforms with the correct, Biblical sequence of days of the week:
In the USSR, from 1929 to 1940, calendar reforms were carried out three times. It began with the fact that on August 26, 1929, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the transition to continuous production in enterprises and institutions of the USSR", in which it was recognized that it was necessary already from 1929 to 1930 of the economic year to start a systematic and consistent transfer of enterprises and institutions to continuous production ... In the fall of 1929, a gradual transition to "continuous" began, which ended in the spring of 1930. This decree introduced a single production time sheet-calendar. In the calendar year, 360 days were envisaged, that is, 72 five-day days. The remaining 5 days were decided to be considered holidays: January 22, May 1 and 2, and November 7 and 8.
Employees of each enterprise and institution were divided into 5 groups, and each group was assigned a day of rest every five days for the whole year.
However, due to the mass of inconveniences, this calendar did not last long, because such a rhythm of work had a detrimental effect on the mental and physical state of a person.
On November 21, 1931, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a decree “On a discontinuous production week in institutions”, which allowed the transition to a six-day working week, so the “six-day period” began.
For them, permanent days off were established on the following days of the month: 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30. At the end of February, the day off fell on the last day of the month or was postponed to March 1. In those months that contained 31 days, the last day of the month was considered over-month and was paid separately. The decree on the transition to a discontinuous six-day week entered into force on December 1, 1931.
Both the "five-day" and "six-day" completely broke the traditional seven-day week with a general day off on Sunday. The six-day week has been applied for about nine years. Only on June 26, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree "On the transition to an eight-hour working day, a seven-day working week and on the prohibition of unauthorized departure of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions", consider the 1st and 2nd points of this decree:
According to the proposal of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decides:
1. To increase the duration of the working day of workers and employees in all state, cooperative and public enterprises and institutions:
from seven to eight o'clock - at enterprises with a seven-hour working day;
from six to seven o'clock - at work with a six-hour working day, with the exception of professions with harmful working conditions, according to the lists approved by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR;
from six to eight o'clock - for employees of institutions;
from six to eight o'clock - for persons over 16 years of age.
2. To transfer work in all state, cooperative and public enterprises and institutions from a six-day to a seven-day week, counting the seventh day of the week - Sunday- a day of rest.
Subsequently, some countries of the socialist community adopted this innovation. So, since 1970, Monday has been the beginning of the week in the GDR.
In 1972, Denmark developed its WS 2098 standard, in which Monday is considered the first day of the week, and from January 1, 1973, it switched to the modern week.
Also, from January 1, 1973, Finland and Sweden switched to the week starting on Monday.
In 1975, Germany issued its DIN 1355-1 (German) standard, in which Monday is declared the first day of the week, and since 1976, the first among Western European countries, has established Monday as the first day of the week.
In 1978, the United Nations recommended that all countries make Monday the first day of the week.
At present, Monday as the first day of the week is fixed in the International Standard ISO 8601, clause 2.2.8. This standard was first published in 1988.
In some countries in North Africa and the Middle East, the week starts on Saturday.
The following figure shows the countries of the world, the first days of the week are marked with the corresponding colors:
yellow - Monday, blue - Sunday, green - Saturday:
It can be concluded that the numbering of the days of the week of modern calendars, where Saturday is the sixth day, was adopted relatively recently. As you can see, Satan's attacks on the Lord's Sabbath do not stop, he is carefully trying to eradicate the 4th Commandment from human hearts.
I would like to recall a few of Jesus' instructions: Matthew 26:41 watch and pray, lest you fall into temptation: the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak. Matthew 5: 14-16 You are the light of the world. A city on top of a mountain cannot hide. And, having lit a candle, they do not put it under a vessel, but on a candlestick, and it shines on everyone in the house. So let your light shine before people, so that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Heavenly Father. Matthew 28:19 So go teach all the nations ...
Pray to God for help, so that we, His Church, would not be passive, but watch and be the light of this perishing world.
With love in Jesus Christ - the Lord of the Sabbath!
What would be different if the work week became three days?
Labor relations retrospective
The five-day workweek is the result of the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Then there was a transition from an agrarian economy to industrial production, and many factories and manufactories appeared, the work of which had to be regulated. At first, their workers worked during daylight hours, 12 hours a day. However, with the advent of electricity, working hours have increased; this turned into protests and led to the formation of the first labor associations - for example, the National Labor Association in the United States, which advocated shorter working hours.
Saxon Engineering Factory 1868 © wikipedia
In the agrarian society, the traditional day off was only Sunday - on this day it was customary to go to church. The industrial world, too, at first adhered to the well-established six-day system, but then Western society began to gradually move away from it under the pressure of public protests and the authors of the first scientific studies, which confirmed that a ten-hour working day without a lunch break leads to exhaustion, which has a bad effect on labor results. As early as 1926, Ford Motor Company founder Henry Ford began closing factories on Saturday and Sunday. By this time, the number of working hours per week in the United States had already dropped from 80 to 50. Ford found that it would be easier to divide this amount by 5 rather than 6 days, freeing up more time for leisure - and increased consumer demand.
Henry Ford © wikipedia
In Russia, the picture was different. At the end of the 19th century, working hours were still not regulated here and amounted to 14-16 hours a day. Only in 1897, under pressure from the labor movement, especially the weavers of the Morozov manufactory in Ivanovo, was the working day for the first time legally limited to 11 and a half hours from Monday to Friday and to 10 hours on Saturday for men, as well as up to 10 hours every day for women and children. However, the law did not regulate overtime in any way, so in practice working hours remained unlimited.
Changes took place only after the October Revolution of 1917. Then a decree of the Council of People's Commissars was issued, which determined the schedule of work of enterprises. It stated that working hours should not exceed 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week, including the time required to maintain the machines and the work area. Nevertheless, the working week in the USSR after this moment remained six days for another 49 years.
From 1929 to 1960, the Soviet working day experienced several major changes. In 1929, it was reduced to 7 hours (and the working week - to 42 hours), but at the same time the transition to a new timetable began - in connection with the introduction of a continuous production system. Because of this, the calendar week was cut to 5 days: four workers, 7 hours each, and the 5th day is a day off. The country even began to publish pocket calendars, on one side of which the Gregorian week was printed, and on the other - the service week. At the same time, for the people's commissariats and other institutions since 1931, the routine has become special: here the calendar week was six days, and within its framework the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th day of each month, as well as 1 March were non-working.
Five-day calendar © wikipedia
Gregorian calendar returned to Soviet Union only in 1940. The week has become seven-day again: 6 working days, one (Sunday) - day off. At the same time, working hours increased again to 48 hours. Great Patriotic War added to this time compulsory overtime work from 1 to 3 hours a day, and vacations were canceled. Since 1945, wartime measures have ceased to operate, but only by 1960 the working week regained its previous volume: 7 hours a day, 42 hours. Only in 1966, at the 23rd Congress of the CPSU, it was decided to switch to a five-day week with an eight-hour working day and two days off: Saturday and Sunday. V educational institutions the six-day period has survived.
1968 Rudkovich A. Don't waste your working minutes! © wikipedia
“The idea of introducing a 40-hour work week in the world took shape around 1956 and was implemented in most European countries in the early 60s,” says Nikolai Bai, professor at the Department of Civil Law at the RUDN Law Institute. - Initially, this idea was proposed by the International Labor Organization, after which leading and developing economies began to apply it in practice. V different countries However, the amount of working time is still different: for example, in France, a 36-hour week. The main reason is that the degree of economic development differs from country to country. In a developed economy, it makes no sense to drive people, and a shorter working week is possible there so that people can devote more time to themselves, their health and family. By the way, in the recent past in Russia, Mikhail Prokhorov proposed to introduce a 60-hour working week in Russia. In response, the government asked the question: "Do you want another revolution to take place in our country?"
The Ecology of Cognition: The five-day workweek is the result of the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Then there was a transition from an agricultural economy to industrial production, and there was
The five-day workweek is the result of the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. Then there was a transition from an agrarian economy to industrial production, and many factories and manufactories appeared, the work of which had to be regulated. At first, their workers worked during daylight hours, 12 hours a day. However, with the advent of electricity, working hours have increased; this turned into protests and led to the formation of the first labor associations - for example, the National Labor Association in the United States, which advocated shorter working hours.
Saxon Engineering Factory 1868 © wikipedia
In the agrarian society, the traditional day off was only Sunday - on this day it was customary to go to church. The industrial world, too, at first adhered to the well-established six-day system, but then Western society began to gradually move away from it under the pressure of public protests and the authors of the first scientific studies, which confirmed that a ten-hour working day without a lunch break leads to exhaustion, which has a bad effect on labor results. As early as 1926, Ford Motor Company founder Henry Ford began closing factories on Saturday and Sunday. By this time, the number of working hours per week in the United States had already dropped from 80 to 50. Ford found that it would be easier to divide this amount by 5 rather than 6 days, freeing up more time for leisure - and increased consumer demand.
Henry Ford © wikipedia
In Russia, the picture was different. At the end of the 19th century, working hours were still not regulated here and amounted to 14-16 hours a day. Only in 1897, under pressure from the labor movement, especially the weavers of the Morozov manufactory in Ivanovo, was the working day for the first time legally limited to 11 and a half hours from Monday to Friday and to 10 hours on Saturday for men, as well as up to 10 hours every day for women and children. However, the law did not regulate overtime in any way, so in practice working hours remained unlimited.
Changes took place only after the October Revolution of 1917. Then a decree of the Council of People's Commissars was issued, which determined the schedule of work of enterprises. It stated that working hours should not exceed 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week, including the time required to maintain the machines and the work area. Nevertheless, the working week in the USSR after this moment remained six days for another 49 years.
From 1929 to 1960, the Soviet working day experienced several major changes. In 1929, it was reduced to 7 hours (and the working week - to 42 hours), but at the same time the transition to a new timetable began - in connection with the introduction of a continuous production system. Because of this, the calendar week was cut to 5 days: four workers, 7 hours each, and the 5th day is a day off. The country even began to publish pocket calendars, on one side of which the Gregorian week was printed, and on the other - the service week. At the same time, for the people's commissariats and other institutions since 1931, the routine has become special: here the calendar week was six days, and within its framework the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th day of each month, as well as 1 March were non-working.
Five-day calendar © wikipedia
The Gregorian calendar returned to the Soviet Union only in 1940. The week again became seven-day: 6 working days, one (Sunday) - day off. At the same time, working hours increased again to 48 hours. The Great Patriotic War added to this time compulsory overtime work from 1 to 3 hours a day, and vacations were canceled. Since 1945, wartime measures have ceased to operate, but only by 1960 the working week regained its previous volume: 7 hours a day, 42 hours. Only in 1966, at the 23rd Congress of the CPSU, it was decided to switch to a five-day week with an eight-hour working day and two days off: Saturday and Sunday. In educational institutions, the six-day period has been preserved.
1968 Rudkovich A. Don't waste your working minutes! © wikipedia
“The idea of introducing a 40-hour work week in the world took shape around 1956 and was implemented in most European countries in the early 60s,” says Nikolai Bai, professor at the Department of Civil Law at the RUDN Law Institute. - Initially, this idea was proposed by the International Labor Organization, after which leading and developing economies began to apply it in practice. In different countries, however, the amount of working time is still different: for example, in France, a 36-hour week. The main reason is that the degree of economic development differs from country to country. In a developed economy, it makes no sense to drive people, and a shorter working week is possible there so that people can devote more time to themselves, their health and family. By the way, in the recent past in Russia, Mikhail Prokhorov proposed to introduce a 60-hour working week in Russia. In response, the government asked the question: "Do you want another revolution to take place in our country?"
