We make the second floor in the apartment. A two-level studio in Russian realities. Loft bed - miniature duplex

As it was written in the previous article, when buying an apartment with a ceiling height of 4.5 m, I immediately knew what it would be. The second level is sometimes called a mezzanine or ramp.

On the second tier, you can place a bedroom, an office, even thought about making a large bathroom. But being married and a harsh mani decided that on the second level there would be a bedroom and a dressing room, in a 50/50 ratio.

Here I will not talk about the convenience, practicality or design of duplex apartments. An article about the choice of material, calculation of the load, height and cost of work on the installation of metal structures in an apartment.

When I put things in order in the apartment, two or three "masters of their craft" came and offered their services. The funniest thing was to make a mezzanine out of wood. To my question "How to fasten to the walls?" he, with full understanding of the matter, answered with "Self-tapping screws for wood" ... Into the partition made of a gas-block 7 cm thick ... Straight genius of engineering

For reference, there is a special fastener for the gas block. I hope that this grief master did not overlap anyone in our house. Money is not a pity, the main thing is that the structure does not collapse.

Material selection: If there was a large corner bath on the second floor, it would be a channel. But after analyzing the maximum load, having weighed himself and his wife, the choice fell on a profile pipe 3x40x80. This is also due to the struggle for every centimeter.

Profile tube load

Please note that this table shows the maximum load taking into account the span length. Even if the excess weight is at least 1 kg, then this will lead to deformation shaped pipe. The safety factor should exceed the design load by 2-3 times.

Height calculation:We will spend most of the time in the kitchen (1st floor), again, when guests come, they will also be located in the kitchen, and not in the bedroom. It was unanimous to make the first floor 225 cm, and the second 190 cm (height up to the rails).

Features of the installation of metal structures:

Cost of work:The approximate cost of this metal structure in Rostov-on-Don, together with the material for today 50,000 rubles... It includes consumables, fasteners, delivery services and movers.

How to make a second floor in a room?

A full second floor can be built only if the ceiling height in the room is at least 4 meters. Most modern apartments cannot boast of such values, and therefore it is possible to organize an incomplete second floor-mezzanine in them.

For example, if you remove there sleeping place, then considerable space will be freed up in the room. How to do this and where to start?

How to calculate the parameters for the second floor in the room?

As mentioned above, for the equipment of a full-fledged second floor, the ceiling height should not be less than 4 meters. And how much space is needed to equip a berth on the second tier?

It's easy to calculate.In a sitting position, a person occupies a height of about 1 meter, add to this value the height of the bed, the width of the mattress and blanket, and another 20 centimeters. It turns out that the second tier should be at least 1.2 meters to the ceiling.

The resulting space under the mezzanine on the lower tier should be at least 2 meters. However, this value can fluctuate in different directions, depending on how this space is supposed to be equipped.

How to make the second tier in the room?

The second tier is created with:

• supports;
• beams;
• stairs;
• floor;
• balustrades (fences).

In most cases, the mezzanine is made of wood. The staircase plays an important role in achieving a harmonious combination of the first and second tiers. Ideal is one in which the step height is not less than 15cm, and the depth is not less than 26cm. However, such a staircase will take up a lot of space and can simply load the space heavily. Small spiral staircases or attic stairs are sometimes used. It should be borne in mind that the latter are not very safe, especially if there are children in the house.

A special role in the equipment of the second tier in the room should be assigned to the balustrade. It must be reliable and prevent a possible fall if a person, for example, stumbled. Fencing should be well thought out if there are small children at home.

How to make a second floor in a room? Ventilation and light

These parameters are very important if on the second tier it is planned to equip a sleeping or workplace... As you know, warm air always accumulates under the ceiling (especially during heating season). If you don't think about ventilation, then sleeping in the stuffy atmosphere will be simply unbearable.

Ideal if the second tier will be equipped near the ventilation grill.If this is not possible, then you need to turn to professionals who will combine the second tier with a ventilation system using flexible pipes and a fan.

As for lighting, then there are two options. If it is supposed to equip the second tier for a berth, then lamps are perfect as light sources. If a workplace is to be equipped, then it is desirable to have access to natural light. This can be achieved by making the second tier by the window. If this is not possible, then several lamps with diffused and directional light will help to bring the lighting as close as possible to natural.

How to make a second floor in a room? Photo

An apartment with high ceilings a priori has a lot of advantages, even if the second floor has not yet been built in the room - it looks brighter, more spacious, its very atmosphere becomes favorable for the residents. But if you decide to start a renovation, then the issue of wall decoration and lighting equipment arises. Everything becomes important, even such trifles as the length of the curtains. Accordingly, much more materials will be required for finishing than for repairing an ordinary apartment. Therefore, it is worth seriously thinking about creating a second floor, because the height allows such work to be carried out, due to which the usable area will immediately increase by 20-50%.

A suitable height of ceilings for arranging the second tier in an apartment is about 4 m (in an ordinary low standard apartment - 2.4 m). The upper floor can be made not too high, because it is usually used for sleeping or passive relaxation.

Technical requirements

To organize the second tier, high ceilings alone are not enough: this also requires a very strong bottom ceiling that can support the weight of your superstructure. The commission of the architectural department and the housing inspection will help to find out whether your apartment is suitable for this kind of redevelopment, without their permission it is in no way possible to carry out work, this may entail fines and the need to return the housing to its original form. If the commission approved the possibility of redevelopment and the creation of a second floor, then further it is necessary to draw up a construction plan. What you need:

• Room area on the second floor;
• Number of supports;
• The location of the supports in the apartment;
• Estimated level of floor loading.

The load is calculated based on what exactly you want to turn the second tier into. If it is small, then it makes sense to place only a bed there, and if there is a lot of space, then on the second tier it is quite possible to arrange a dressing room or even equip a library or study.

By design, the second tier can be different: sometimes it is placed along the walls of the apartment, along the perimeter of the room, sometimes it is made in the form of a balcony along one wall - everything here is limited only by your imagination.

Design and interior in the apartment

Thinking over how to beat the second tier and the interior in it, do not forget that it should fit into the common room, and the resulting two-story room should not look overloaded and cluttered. The design and interior of the room will help to cope with this. You can contact the specialists who will prepare for you a 3D model of the house and a suitable interior, or try to create your own unique design.Below are several options for the successful placement of the second tier and furniture in the room:

• On the 2nd floor, it is possible to arrange a podium bed, and under it, on the lower tier, to make a relaxation area with a sofa, table and TV, and the latter can be placed on the wall so that it can be clearly seen both from below and from above;
• Make an office or sleeping area upstairs, and under it place the dining and living room. Nice lamps with soft light will help to add coziness to the interior;
• In the space of the second floor, arrange a bedroom and a relaxation area, and equip a kitchen, shower and a bathroom below, so that the sounds of communications do not interfere with a comfortable stay upstairs. Here, on the balcony, it makes sense to equip the office for the appropriate interior, where you can focus on work;
• If you have a studio, make a spacious kitchen-living room on the ground floor, and move the bed and other personal things upstairs, and then the guests coming to the house will not embarrass you;
• If you are confused about supports and their number, converting them into a bar counter will help save space and add a stylish touch to your interior design.

In general, the presence of a second tier gives a lot of room for creating a unique design, almost any interior you come up with will look stylish and modern, if, of course, you choose the right furniture and decoration Materials... In modern interior design of premises of this kind, an eco-style is very often used, which is inherent in natural materials and natural colors. Make a construction from natural wood, because it has solid advantages: strength, durability, expensive and presentable appearance, and finally, just a pleasant smell. Returning to your city apartment in the center of the metropolis, you will feel as if you are in a cozy house in the forest.

Since the space of the second floor usually turns out to be lower than the first, which must necessarily make it possible to move along it in full growth, furniture for the second tier will also require appropriate:

• For the interior design of the bedroom, it is better to choose a podium bed, bedside tables or dressers without legs, you can expand the room using mirrors, and wallpaper or other decoration with vertical stripes will help to visually increase the height. If you have chosen an eco-style for your home, then even vertically installed wooden beams will come off;
• If you place an office upstairs, then a wooden interior will also be appropriate here, because all the details of such a room are usually made of wood - a table, bookcases, shelves, etc. If the office does not occupy the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe second tier, but only part of it, then it is better to isolate it with the help of the same bookcases, so that at least some privacy is present in the office;
• Most likely, much less natural light will fall on the second tier, so this part of the room needs additional lighting. Upward-facing sconces and floor lamps will help to visually increase the height of the room, but bulky chandeliers in the room, on the contrary, will hide the space and add the feeling that the ceiling is "pressing" on the head;
• For wall decoration, you can use light wallpaper with a floral pattern, such a design will both decorate the room, and at the same time not look intrusive, not catching the eye and not distracting attention. The same applies to curtains - it is better to choose light curtains to the full height of the walls - so they will visually stretch the room. When decorating walls and windows, try to avoid horizontal lines, it is better to prefer diagonals or vertical stripes.

Sometimes the only way to place all functional areas in a small studio is to arrange a second tier under the ceiling. This is a stylish solution that has recently become very popular among owners of small apartments. But how to properly equip the second floor? When repairing, you need to consider a few important nuances.

Functionality

When trying to equip an additional tier in a room, you first have to reckon with the height of the ceilings. After all, this is not just a mezzanine for storage, but a full-fledged living space. Therefore, in an apartment with high ceilings (otherwise it will be simply impossible to create a second floor - there is not enough space) you need at least four meters in height. More is better.

On the second floor, in a room with high ceilings, you can create an isolated bedroom, if the size of the room allows. A person in a sitting position takes about one meter. For comfort, at least 15-20 centimeters should remain above the head at both levels, the same amount will be occupied by the tier structure. Ventilation and lighting can lower the ceiling.

Choice of materials

The second floor in high rooms must have a margin of safety to withstand the weight of the furniture located on it and the people who will spend time there. The modern market offers the possibility of arranging a dream apartment for almost any budget. The base of the structure can be made of wood, chipboard, metal, reinforced glass or polycarbonate. A full second tier cannot be made without soundproofing the floor: you will need mineral wool or cork.

Ladder construction

The second floor in a high room should be not only functional, but also safe, so it is very important to choose the right staircase. Small spaces require compact solutions, which are unlikely to be the safest, but there are reasonable options. The step height should be approximately 16 cm, the tread depth should be 26 cm.

In a small room, additional or lifting ladders, “goose step” structures will help save space. Under the latter, you can equip a bookcase or a small storage space. Ladders take up very little space, but such options are contraindicated for families with small children and those who doubt their dexterity.

Arrangement of the upper tier

Particularly relevant in small studio apartments is the organization on the second tier of a berth. Such a solution is able to withstand both asymmetry and ceiling bevel, because it is located under the roof itself. If space permits, a good option would be accommodation on the second floor with a bedroom adjacent to the bathroom. This cuts down on daily traffic and creates the conditions for getting ready for bed in the evening and waking up effectively in the morning.

The sleeping place can also be placed in a different way on a certain elevation in relation to the main space - to equip a podium. Such a second floor in a room with high ceilings (about 3 meters) will allow organizing spacious storage systems. On the podium, you can additionally arrange a compact workplace or a coffee table and a rack for a comfortable pastime before going to bed.

A more expensive option is an angular or U-shaped arrangement of functional areas on the upper tier. This will require more low-level space and significant implementation costs. But the result will be several segments for arranging a library, a living room, a play area, a place for comfortable reading, playing on a console or watching TV. Expansion of space significantly increases the opportunities for pastime.

Rational arrangement of square meters - organization of the second floor in a room with high ceilings for an office. Very little space is needed to put up a work desk and equip bookshelves. If the area allows, then for convenience, you can add a small sofa, several comfortable chairs and a rack.

Arrangement of the space below

The space under the stairs and the second tier can be used in different ways. Depending on the footage, you can make a wardrobe, a bookcase, a niche for a small office, or organize a passage to the bathroom. If space permits, then good options for a studio apartment - a kitchen or a full-fledged wardrobe. It is important to consider that the second floor in a room with high ceilings limits the space below and may prevent sunlight from entering there.

Important little things

High ceilings and the second floor are perfectly combined in modern studio apartments of small footage. But in an ordinary city apartment, it is difficult to organize a structure at the top, which in area will be equal to the lower tier. Rather, the top floor will resemble an isolated or open interior balcony. In this context, it may not be clear why a separate ventilation and air conditioning system is needed, but if you ignore the question, then during the operation phase you can face unpleasant surprises.

Warm air rises, so the second tier is guaranteed to be hotter and stifler than the first. It is better to entrust the air conditioning system to a professional who competently organizes ventilation for a specific project. A good solution for the second floor is fanlight windows for ventilation.

Even if there is a strong light source in the main room, the second tier will need additional lighting. Lighting depends on the needs and the specific project: if you plan to equip an office, you will need an overhead light, and if we are talking about a sleeping place or a rest room, then you can do lED lamps or battery-powered lamps based on them, which are attached to the ceiling or wall, and, if necessary, can be easily dismantled.

Bureaucratic nuances

The second floor in a room with high ceilings, most likely, will not be officially approved by the BTI. The legalization of redevelopment (all the more so unusual as arranging the upper tier in a city apartment) is a very complicated and time-consuming process, but a competent lawyer will help you find a solution. Even the organization of the mezzanine is considered to be an increase in the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. For each region of the Russian Federation, this issue has its own characteristics, so you need to solve everything individually.

Issue price

In a room with high ceilings, the second floor (photos of different arrangement options are in the article) can be equipped for any budget. The least expensive options are buying an attic bed (this solves the issue with the structure, stairs, organization of space on the second tier and below) or a chipboard structure. Reinforced glass solutions look very stylish, but it will cost a lot. A significant expense item is the staircase.

If we are talking about an attic bed, for example, then you can keep within 30 thousand rubles. Usually such solutions are offered for children's and teenage rooms, but you can find a suitable option for a studio. There are beds with a comfortable downstairs work area or ample storage space.