Medical syringe

Syringe - a medical instrument intended for injections, diagnostic punctures, aspiration of pathological contents from cavities.

Principle of operation

When the plunger of the syringe is raised, if its needle is placed in a container with liquid, a vacuum is created between it and the surface. Liquid rushes there from the vessel, since atmospheric pressure acts on it.

Description

Reusable syringe, 5 ml with glass cylinder and other chromed metal parts.

Typically, the syringe is a hollow graduated cylinder with a cone on which a needle is placed and an open end through which a piston with a rod is inserted into the cylinder.

In the 1980s, single-use syringes (SHOP, colloquial name: disposable syringes), almost entirely made of plastic, with the exception of the needle, which is still made of stainless steel. The syringe also has a large number of slang names for addicts.

Syringe tubes are also used ( english) for a single injection of drugs. But, as a rule, the syringe should be disposable - it is sterile

Basic rules of use

Since the syringe comes into contact with blood during use, attention should be paid to the sterility of the syringe:

• before using a disposable syringe, make sure that the package is intact;
• reusable syringes must be boiled thoroughly before use.

For injection, the needle of the syringe is placed in a container with the drug, after which the required amount of the drug is drawn into the barrel of the syringe by moving the piston towards itself. Before the injection, you should make sure that there are no air bubbles in the preparation collected in the syringe. To do this, the syringe is guided with the needle up and with a slight movement of the piston, air is expelled from the syringe along with a part of the drug. The skin at the injection site must be rubbed with alcohol. Subsequently, depending on the type of injection, the needle is injected into the patient's vein, under the skin, either inside the skin or inside the muscle, after which the medicine moves from the syringe into the patient's body by the movement of the piston.

History of creation

It is almost impossible to trace the origin of syringes. It is known that in Europe they were around in the XIII century, but where and how they were used before, no one has yet been able to find out. They were made from a translucent bovine bladder, to which a sharp, thin tip made of wood or copper was attached. An incision was made on the patient's muscle or vein with a knife, after which a tip was quickly inserted there.

Despite the fact that intravenous injections have been carried out since the middle of the 17th century, the syringe as we know it today was not invented until 1853 by veterinarian Charles Gabriel Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently apart.

The first syringes were made from a rubber cylinder, inside which was placed a well-fitted piston made of leather and asbestos with a metal pin sticking out. A hollow needle was attached to the other end of the cylinder. Since the cylinder was opaque, the notches for the dosage of the medicine were made not on it, but on the metal pin of the piston.

Cream injector

a plastic cylinder with a volume of 200 to 2000 cm3 (2 liters) with a piston and an outlet, designed for placing and squeezing out various creams, mainly used to decorate pastries and cakes. The syringe has a set of cornets with different cross-sections and profiles and fitted at the inlet through which the cream is squeezed onto the surface of the confectionery by a piston. The most convenient for work - liter syringes, which ensure the continuity of work with one cake. Small syringes are extremely inconvenient, since they have to be filled often, not only interrupting work, but also interrupting the uniformity of the thickness (intensity) of the pattern applied through the cornet on the cake, which spoils the appearance of the product

Technical syringe

Technical syringe is intended for the introduction of liquid or grease lubrication into the units of machines and mechanisms, as well as for applying glue, sealant and other viscous substances to various surfaces. The device of a technical syringe is similar to that of a medical syringe, but is distinguished by its large size and (often) the presence of a lever mechanism for driving the piston. As a rule, the units, which are lubricated with a syringe, have a special unit - a grease fitting with a check valve, which prevents grease from leaking out after disconnecting the syringe. There are disposable (filled with working fluid at the factory) and rechargeable (filled by the consumer) technical syringes.

Types of disposable syringes used in Russia

see also

Sources

Links

• Official website of the inventor of the world's first self-locking syringe (in English)

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Synonyms:

See what "Syringe" is in other dictionaries:

A small syringe used for medical purposes. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Pavlenkov F., 1907. SYRINGE it. Spritze. Small hand pump for spraying. An explanation of the 25,000 foreign words included in ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

AND; m. [German. Spritze] A medical instrument in the form of a cylinder with a piston and a hollow needle for injecting medicine under the skin, into muscles, veins, etc. or for suction of liquid contents from cavities. * * * syringe (German Spritze, from spritzen to sprinkle), ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

SYRINGE, syringe, husband. (German Spritze). A device for hypodermic injection in the form of a cylinder with a hollow needle equipped with a piston. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SYRINGE, ah, pl. s, s and (colloquial) s, s, husband. Medical instrument cylinder with piston and needle for injection or suction of liquids. | adj. syringe, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Shirka, laiba, button accordion Dictionary of Russian synonyms. syringe n., number of synonyms: 12 button accordion (17) Germanism ... Synonym dictionary

According to the number of components, syringes can be divided into 2 and 3-component (2 and 3-component, 2 and 3-component).

How to choose a syringe? Which syringe is better, 2-piece or 3-piece?

Two-piece syringes consist of 2 parts (components): a barrel and a plunger

Three-piece syringes consist of 3 parts (components): cylinder, plunger and rubber seal

PRICE

As a rule, the cost of two-piece syringes is lower than their three-piece counterparts. This is largely due to the simplification of manufacturing technology: creating a syringe from 2 parts is easier and cheaper than from 3 parts.
You can choose a syringe according to key characteristics and the best price on our website: Catalog -\u003e Syringes

EXPLOITATION

To displace the plunger of a two-piece syringe may need the application of greater force and its course is not as free as that of a three-component, and accordingly, after a while, the specialist using these syringes in his work will get tired

Due to the fact that when the plunger of the syringe is set in motion, the plastic rubs against the plastic, control of the uniformity of the injection may be difficult , which, again, requires the medical professional using this syringe to increase the tension of the arm muscles, which leads to their rapid fatigue

With a smoother (see 3-part syringe) sliding of the piston inside the cylinder, the injection to the patient should be less painful.

However, a rubber seal is not a guarantee of a smooth syringe, and its absence will not spoil the smooth running of a good two-component syringe.

If you are not using the syringe for the purpose of immediately injecting the drug into a living organism, please note the following. In 3-piece syringes, the sealant ("rubber" part) can react with certain chemicals.
Therefore, if contact with an aggressive environment is expected, check about the possible interaction of your solution with the sealant material. Often it will be strategically correct to take a 2-component syringe for the collection of aggressive chemical substances. So, for example, this may concern the dental field (pre-filled syringes with a special composition), the field of chemical and biological scientific research.

Considering the above, it is absolutely not correct to assume that 2-component syringes are syringes of the past generation and are now irrelevant.
They are still in demand, but the scope of their use is quite specific.

SECURITY

RISK OF PLASTIC MICROPARTICLES INTO THE INJECTION SOLUTION

There is an opinion that when the piston friction against the barrel of a two-component syringe, particles of the polymer material of which they are composed can be "scraped off" by the piston from the inside of the barrel and, together with the contents of the syringe, get into the body tissues during the injection

The three-component syringe has a special rubber part, which improves the sliding of the piston inside the cylinder and excludes the possibility of scraping the plastic inside the piston, as well as provides greater tightness and excludes the injection solution from entering outside the piston surface with a rubber nozzle

The rubber part (component) of the syringe may contain natural latex, which can cause allergic reactions if there is a corresponding predisposition. It should be noted that in the production of most modern three-component syringes, synthetic hypoallergenic materials that do not cause allergies are used.

The downside is the possible reaction of the sealant material with the solution. For details, see the "Operation" section above.

DISPOSAL

It is known that disposable medical syringes must be disposed of after use. The healthcare professional who is responsible for preparing syringes for disposal knows that preparation 2-piece syringes are much simpler. It consists in "disassembling" the syringe into its constituent parts: a medical worker disconnects the needle from the syringe in one of the ways, depending on the availability of special devices in the medical and prophylactic institution:

• removing the needle with a needle puller;
• cutting off the needle by means of a needle baffle with an integrated, puncture-proof container for needles;
• destruction of a needle with a needle destructor - a device for burning needles by exposure to high temperatures.

You may also be interested in the article Types of attachment of the needle to the syringe.

2. Syringe volume

Depending on the volume of the injected drug, syringes of different volumes are used (in our catalog you can choose the volume using filters)

Some syringes have extra space beyond their stated nominal volume.

3. Type of syringe attachment

LUER-LOCKThe most durable fastening of a needle is Luer Lock - a type of fastening "lock". In this case, the needle is screwed into the syringe, which provides a type of connection that will withstand even the strong buoyant pressure created by the movement of a viscous liquid and you can be sure that the needle will not "jump off" and the expensive drug will not spill out.
For the introduction of viscous preparations, oil-based solutions, gels and other dense preparations, it is better to use a Luer-Lok syringe.

LUER-SLIP

For the introduction of liquid preparations with a low degree of viscosity, a syringe with a conventional Luer (Luer Slip) Luer (Luer Slip) attachment is quite suitable.
Such a syringe is much cheaper (2-2.5 times) than its counterparts in volume with a Luer Lock mount.

INTEGRATED NEEDLE
When using syringes with a sealed (integrated) needle, needle breakdown is excluded, this is a plus.
But the needle cannot be replaced with another, that is, only the built-in needle is used, this is a minus.
The integrated needle is used only on small volume syringes (0.3ml, 0.5ml and 1ml) - the so-called "diabetic" syringes.
By the type of graduation of the scale, such syringes are U-100 (orange cap) and U-40 (red cap)

4. Needle for injection

In most cases, a needle is included with the syringe (it can be put on or attached next to it in a blister).
A standard needle is not always suitable for the purpose. Typically, a standard needle on a syringe:
2ml - 23G (0.6 * 30), blue
5ml - 22G (0.7 * 40), black
10ml and 20m - 21G (0.8 * 40), green
These needles are suitable for classic intramuscular injection of the drug, set by the volume of the syringe.
If you need a needle of greater or lesser length, thicker or thinner, then the needles are purchased separately

Injection needles for syringes with Luer Slip and Luer Lock fastening you can purchase in our online store Catalog -\u003e Injection needles

With the standard needle that comes with the kit, the drug is taken from the vial, and then the needle is changed to one that is suitable for your purposes.

For example, for a 5-year-old child, it is better to do a "shot in the ass" not with a 3-4cm (30-40mm) needle, but less, for example, 2-2.5cm (20-25mm). And if the drug is not viscous, then you can take a needle thinner than 23-21G (for example, replace with a 24-27G needle) /

The same needle is suitable for injection into the shoulder of an adult with a small subcutaneous fat layer.

In contrast, joint treatment may require long and thick needles, which we also have in stock.

Video material: syringes two-piece, three-piece, luer-lock and luer-slip

What kind of syringe to inject a child with?

- The choice of the volume of the syringe for injection.

The volume should correspond to the volume of the medicinal solution that you plan to administer to the baby, but 0.5-1 cubic more. Syringes often have extra space, such as a 2ml syringe. can have a scale of up to 2.5 ml., and a syringe for 5 ml. - scale up to 6 ml. You can also see the photo of the product - perhaps the syringe has an additional volume.

If you need a 2ml syringe, a 3ml syringe will do. But, with an increase in the volume of the syringe, the product becomes more expensive, therefore it makes no sense to overpay for empty cubes.

- Choose a two- or three-component syringe.

You will be more comfortable using a 3-piece syringe (the one with a rubber seal). It will provide a smoother (without jerking) injection and exclude drug leakage (drug leakage often occurs when using low-quality 2-component syringes, i.e. poorly assembled and without a rubber seal on the piston)

- High quality syringe from a trusted manufacturer.

You can choose the products of recognized leaders in the production of high quality syringes in our catalog.

They have a smooth ride, transparent cylinder, it will be easy for you to use.

The assortment of syringes, volume 0.3ml, 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 3ml, 5ml and more.

- Choice of needles for injection.

Chances are that the needle supplied with the syringe will not fit your baby. It is important to be very careful when choosing needles. Ask your healthcare provider which needles are needed for the prescribed injections. Of course, you want to prick your baby with the thinnest and most painless needles, but this is not always possible, because the substance to be administered can be viscous and difficult to administer. Therefore, it is important to know the thickness and length of the desired needle. There are syringes supplied without a needle.

In medicine syringe

A medical instrument intended for injections, diagnostic punctures, suction of pathological contents from cavities. Derived from the German Spritze (from spritzen - to sprinkle).

When using site materials

The syringe has gone through a long history from the invention of Hippocrates to the three-piece disposable designs. Today, the types of syringes and needles are quite diverse and the choice depends on what exactly they are used for.

Syringe history

The first types of syringes were created in antiquity. So, Hippocrates used the bladder of a pig, and the first reusable syringes, which gained some distribution at the end of the Middle Ages, were made of rubber. The first injection devices, similar to modern ones, were invented by the scientist Blaise Pascal, but then the novelty went unnoticed. Around the same time, the German scientist Elsgoltz was conducting his injection experiments. The first injection devices similar to modern ones appeared in the 19th century, and disposable versions of the device appeared in the middle of the 20th century. The inventor Murdoch was a veterinarian and patented his creation in New Zealand. After a short time, he got the idea to use a novelty for subcutaneous and intravenous injections not only in cows, but also in humans. The first disposable syringes were not very perfect, because they consisted of only two components: a piston and a cylinder. Several decades ago, the idea arose to create a three-component syringe. All current types of disposable syringes can be divided into several categories: barrel volume, position of the tip cone, needle attachment and design.

Volume

The syringe volume can be small, standard and large.

• Small-volume syringes include types such as insulin, tuberculin, for neonatology and for skin tests for allergies, as well as for vaccination.
• Standard volume syringes are needed for subcutaneous injections, intramuscular injections and intravenous injections. All devices with a volume from 2mm to 22mm can be classified as standard.
• A large volume is needed for procedures such as rinsing the cavity, aspirating fluids and introducing culture media. Large devices include devices with a volume of 30 ml, 60 and 100.

Taper tip

Concentric tip position. In this case, the cone is located directly in the middle of the cylinder. This arrangement is typical for syringes that are used for injections under the skin and into the muscle.

An eccentric or offset position is required for a 20 ml syringe. , which is used to draw blood from a vein. Their tip is located in the side of the cylinder.

Attaching the needles

There are three types of attachment of needles to cylinders: non-removable (integrated), attachment of needles type luer and attachment "luer-lock".

• Integrated into the barrel or non-removable attachment of needles is found in syringes with the smallest volume: 0.3 or 0.5 ml.
• Attachment of Luer-type needles. The most popular type of attachment of needles, in which they are put on a cylinder, more precisely, its protruding part. This is a standard needle attachment for devices with different volumes - from 2 ml. up to 100. Sometimes it happens with millimeter syringes.
• Luer-lok. This is a fastening in which the needle is screwed into the cylinder. Usually, Luer-lock is found in syringes with a machine drive and in droppers. Sometimes they are used for simple injections, but this is not very convenient, because it is not so easy to change such a needle and then disassemble the syringe. But if you need a particularly strong connection of needles and syringes, then Luer-Lok is quite suitable.

And there are many varieties of injection needles. They are divided by size, they are infusion, puncture-biopsy and transinfusion. They are also divided into normal ones, with a bead, a stop and a side hole. You can also divide them into curved and straight, and also according to the shape of the sharpening: it can be spear and dagger.

Design

There are two-component and three-component injection devices.

The two-piece consists of only a piston and a cylinder and is considered obsolete and can make the injection painful. It can be mobile in the hands of a medical worker, and this also affects the mobility of the needle, and hence the pain of the injection.

Three-component are considered modern, in the design of which a rubber piston seal is also added. It makes the operation of the device smooth and soft, moreover, it guarantees that no particles of the materials from which the piston and cylinder are made will get under the patient's skin.

And most importantly, the three-component syringes make the injections completely painless, because "picking with a needle" in the muscles and subcutaneous tissue is excluded.

Expiry dates for syringes

The shelf life of disposable syringes does not vary much depending on the volume or whether a three-piece syringe or a two-piece syringe. Still, the shelf life depends on the type of sterilization. She also has different types, but depending on the type of this procedure, the shelf life of the device can vary from three years to five. During this period, the syringe should not lose all its properties and remain non-toxic and sterile. When the shelf life expires, the device can be used for injections, but only if the syringes have been stored far from sunlight for this entire period: in this case, a disposable syringe still does not pose a danger. If the storage period has exceeded ten years, all materials in it age and all its properties deteriorate. In addition, such a long shelf life with poor-quality packaging can affect the fact that bacteria enter the syringe.

Disinfection of disposable syringes - processing rules

For the parenteral method of drug administration, syringes of the Record and Luer type (reusable and single use) are used. The syringe consists of a hollow cylinder with a scale, a needle cone, a piston with a rod and a handle.

There are various types of reusable syringes (Fig. 2):

· Fig.2a - "Record" syringe. It has a glass cylinder, the outlet end of which is closed with a metal tip with a needle cone. At the other end of the cylinder is the same stainless steel metal rim. The piston looks like a short metal cylinder, into which a metal rod with a flat handle is screwed.

Fig. 2b - Luer syringe. All parts of this syringe are made of glass.

Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d - tuberculin syringe and insulin syringe (combined). Available in 1.0 ml capacity.

· Fig.2e - combined syringe. This type of syringe is characterized by the presence of a cone tip made of metal, other parts of the syringe are made of glass.

· Fig. 2f - Janet's syringe (syringe for washing cavities). It is mainly used in urology and gynecology.

Syringe for single use in a sealed package

A syringe tube filled with a medicinal substance

Needleless injectors

The choice of a syringe for injection depends on the type of injection and the amount of injected drug:

· For intravenous injections, syringes with a volume of 0.5-1.0 ml are used. (e.g. tuberculin)

For s / c injections - 0.5-2.0 ml

For intramuscular injections - 2.0-10.0 ml

For intravenous injection - 10.0-20.0 ml

Syringes with a capacity / volume of 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, 2.0 ml, 5.0 ml, 10.0 ml, 20.0 ml are available.

fig. 2a fig. 2b Fig. 2c Fig. 2d fig. 2d

Figure: 2. Types of syringes

Injection needle - hollow, narrow stainless steel metal tube. One end of it is cut obliquely and sharpened for better penetration, and the other ends with a head (cannula) for connection to a syringe or elastic tube.Depending on the purpose, medical needles are divided into injection, puncture-biopsy and surgical needles. Injection needles are designed for the introduction of solutions of drugs, blood sampling from a vein or artery, blood transfusion. The outer diameter of the needle ranges from 0.4 to 2 mm, the length is from 16 to 150 mm. The number of the needle corresponds to its size (for example, No. 0840 means that the needle diameter is 0.8 mm, the length is 40 mm).

There are the following types of needles reusable:

Needle 15 mm long and 0.4 mm cross-section - for intravenous injection (0415)

Needle 20 mm long and 0.4-0.6 mm cross-section - for subcutaneous injections (0420)

Needle 40 mm long and 0.8 mm section - for intravenous injection (0840)

Needle 40-60 mm long and 0.8-1 mm section - for intramuscular injections (1060)

The choice of the needle diameter also depends on the consistency of the injected drug. For example, a Dufo needle is used for long-term transfusions of viscous fluids and blood, finger-rest needles are designed for intradermal injections, and needles with a safety bead are used to limit the insertion depth.

Currently mainly used disposable syringes and needles both Russian and foreign firms - manufacturers. Their use dramatically reduces the risk of infectious complications, they are convenient, do not require preliminary sterilization.

Types of injection needles disposable

Injection type	Needle diameter (mm)	Needle length (mm)	Cannula color Manufacturer
Intradermal (i / c) Subcutaneous (s / c)	0.33 - 0.5 - (insulin - s / c, tuberculin - i / c); 0.4 - 0.66 -p / c	12.0; 16.0 (insulin subcutaneously, tuberculin - intradermally) 25.0;	Colorless, orange, blue (Russian); gray, brown, purple, blue (imported)
Intramuscular (i / m)	0,7; 0,8; 0,9 0,6 - 0,7 1,1 - 1,5	38.0 - 40.0; 50.0; 60.0; 70.0 - with excess body weight 30.0 - 32.0 - in the thigh; 30.0 - 40.0 - for viscous solutions	Green (Russian); black, green, yellow (imported)
Intravenous (IV)	0,8 1,5	38.0 - 40.0 38.0 - 40.0 - for taking donor blood	Green, red

Disposable syringes are divided into two large groups: two-piece and three-piece.

Three-piece syringes Disposable needles

Two-piece syringe consists of two parts: a cylinder and a piston, three-piece syringe consists of three parts: a cylinder, a rubber piston and a plunger (piston pusher). Disposable two-component syringes are most often used in medical practice for subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injections. These syringes have a standard volume of 2, 5, 10 and 20 ml. Disposable three-piece syringes are available in various sizes and with different types of needle connections:

- Small volume syringes (0.3; 0.5 and 1 ml) used for the accurate administration of drugs in small volumes. They are used in endocrinology (insulin syringes - for subcutaneous administration of insulin), phthisiology (tuberculin syringes - for intradermal administration of tuberculin), neonatology, as well as for allergic intradermal tests.

- Standard volume syringes (2, 5, 10 and 20 ml) with Luer, Luer-Lock is used in all fields of medicine for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and other injections (anesthesiology, intensive care, ambulance and emergency medical services, disaster medicine). The Luer-Lock connection (the needle is screwed into a syringe) is especially valuable when drugs are injected into dense tissues (under the perichondrium, under the periosteum), when collecting biological material, as well as when administering drugs using infusion pumps (perfusers, infusion pumps). Such devices are used in anesthesiology, during intensive care, in oncology, neonatology, when it is necessary to slowly dosed administration of drugs in small volumes for several hours or days.

- Large volume syringes (30, 50/60, 100 ml) with a Luer connection, Luer-Loki with an end for a catheter attachment are very widely used in various fields of medicine: 50/60 and 100 ml syringes with a catheter-type connection (Janet type) are convenient for feeding through a tube (in surgery, neurology, pediatrics) , as well as for the administration of drugs and solutions through catheters (urinary catheter, pleural drainage, lavage of abscesses and cavities). Syringes with a volume of 30 and 50 ml with Luer connection are convenient when intravenous administration of drugs in large dilutions is necessary.

- Light protection syringesintended for the administration of drugs that are destroyed by light.

Today syringes are available in volumes from 0.3 to 150 ml. It is widely believed that they differ only in the number of cubes in the cylinders, this is not true: there is a difference in design features. It is explained by the difference in the appointment of syringes. At the same time, there is no strict dependence of the size on the type of cannula, that is, the needle.

Indeed, with a syringe with a smaller volume, as a rule, smaller needles are used. But there can be several subtypes of these needles for each size of syringes, for example, a “five” syringe can be produced with a 0.7X40 mm needle, or 0.8X40 (where 0.7 and 0.8 mm is the outer diameter of the needle, and 40 mm - length of the metal part). To understand the volume of syringes, we have prepared a table and a photo.

Small-volume syringes (0.3; 0.5; 1 ml) are needed when it is important to inject a drug with a volume of up to 1 milliliter and an error of one tenth (one hundredth) of the dose can drastically affect. Syringes of this volume are used by diabetics or for intradermal allergy tests.

Medium volume syringes (2; 3; 5; 10; 20 ml) are the most common sizes. They are used for all types of injections (intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous) and are available with both types of needle attachments: Luer Lock, Luer Slip.

Large-volume syringes (30, 50, 60, 100 ml) with a Luer Lock connection (since the drug is injected under pressure) are used in infusomats and perfusers (syringe pumps - devices that allow, for example, in addition to a drug from a dropper, to inject a drug from syringe at a certain set speed).

The same volumes of syringes, but with a connection under the catheter, are more often used for feeding through a tube, administering drugs through the urinary tract and drains, and flushing abscesses and cavities.