State Research Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry named after V.P. Serbian, consultative and diagnostic department. Institute of Serbian - an institution with many years of experience Institute of Narcology

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"The doctor acted for the good, it's a pity the good is not mine"

Vl. Vysotsky

What secrets does the institute keep? Serbian?

(Notes of a dissident)

In March 2006, I came to the Institute of Forensic Psychiatry. Serbsky, in order to exercise his legal (and constitutional) right to familiarize himself with an expert opinion on one of my court cases in 1970. He invited a representative from the public organization "Civil Commission on Human Rights" as a witness and his proxy. However, they didn't even let us in. They explained: familiarization with expert materials is strictly prohibited, regardless of the statute of limitations of the examination. Only the organization and the person who sent me for examination has the right to request expert materials. It turns out that even after 36 years, my case is still a secret not only from the public, but also from myself. I had to go to court.

I must explain, 15 years ago I was rehabilitated. And he sent me for examination to the Institute. Serbsky in 1970, the head of the investigation department of the KGB in the Vladimir region, Mr. Pavel Evseev. I could not resist and asked: “So how many souls have you ruined in 30 years of such “work”?! After all, your hands are up to the elbows in blood! Under Khrushchev, many of your victims were posthumously rehabilitated."

Mr. imposingly leaned back in his chair, and smiling good-naturedly, answered: “Do you know, Mikhail, what Comrade said. Stalin at a banquet in honor of the victory? And he began to quote me a well-known toast about the long-suffering of the Russian people. Naturally, avoiding explaining that this "forbearance" was achieved by mass executions and the multi-million Gulag.

The KGB investigator looked to be under 50, so today he is somewhere around 86 years old or more. Maybe he was buried long ago and solemnly as a veteran of the war. To the sounds of a military band, behind the corpse, two to thirty orders and medals were carried on a pillow, as a reward for hundreds sent to execution, the so-called "enemies of the people." I was lucky that I was born much later than this veteran - the order bearer. Otherwise, he would also have been rehabilitated posthumously. Little pleasure.

Maybe he's still alive? And like a senile veteran lying around in various privileged Central Clinical Hospitals and other institutions where honored executioners and top Kremlin dignitaries rest and are treated; from Patrushev, Ivanov and higher rank. The old veteran admires the framed photo of Stalin, and remembers the glorious days. When you could imagine yourself as a little God, who controls the life and death of people. Can I find him, and ask for a resolution to get acquainted with his own, fabricated by him criminal case?

But first, let's talk about other people's secrets, many of which are stored in the hiding places of the Institute. Serbian. Even under Yeltsin, I was somehow invited to record, in the TV program "National Interest". There, gray-haired professors from this institute tried to prove that healthy people were not sent to psychiatric hospitals. As a last resort, for humanitarian purposes, some were saved from prison. I immediately remembered the lines from Vysotsky: "The doctor acted for the good, it's a pity the good is not mine!". Through the host’s microphone, he asked the question: “How do you assess this fact: a person was recognized as insane, kept for 15 years in a Kazan special / mental hospital, and then shot? I can explain more." The professors did not answer, pretending that there was no question. The leader did not insist. While watching this TV show at home, I found out that the question was “cut out”. And my face flashed only as an extra.

Now for the fact. I personally knew the man who was shot. Three times, on average, for 40 days I spent with him in the same cell-ward in Serbsky. Here is a short story. At the beginning of the war, Lukyanov Yermak Mikhailovich, a Kalmyk by nationality, was captured, then a camp. I didn’t ask, I don’t know; maybe he collaborated in some way with the Germans. After the war, Lukyanov remained in Belgium. He worked in the mines, received citizenship, got married. He was a member of the Soviet-Belgian Friendship Society (in his words). When Khrushchev's "thaw" began, he came to the Soviet embassy, ​​told about himself and asked permission to return to his homeland. He was answered: You supposedly committed a crime in your time; therefore, the return must be earned, it is necessary to work for the Motherland. And Lukyanov traveled around Europe for several years; photographed NATO bases. He completed the tasks successfully, as he was fluent in German and French. Spying for free. The Lubyanka authorities compensated only the travel expenses. Finally, permission to travel to the USSR was received. He traveled all the way to Elista in his personal car. Tracked down a son from a pre-war marriage; visited those whom he knew before or was related.

Safely returned home to Belgium. But after everything he saw with his own eyes, heard from relatives and friends about life and order in the USSR, any desire to return to his homeland evaporated. Yes, and the Belgian wife is against it. Where, they say, will we go, he says: we have a family - five children. Some are settled, others are learning. In general, Mr. Lukyanov began to evade, under various pretexts, the instructions of his comrades in civilian clothes from the Soviet embassy.

That would be the end of it all. But after a trip to Kalmykia, he began to correspond regularly with relatives and new acquaintances. After some time, I again wanted to come to visit. He was willingly given a visa. This time he took his teenage son with him to introduce him to the “historical Motherland.” Later he admitted that from the very beginning he felt he was being followed. After completing his visit, he was arrested in Brest. Further as usual: Lefortovo and Serbian. Recognition as a patient with schizophrenia and placement in the Kazan special / psychiatric hospital. This happened sometime in 1967.

I first met him in the summer of 1970. My intrusive curiosity, apparently, alarmed him, and I could only be content with the nurses' fantasies about this man. When we saw each other again in 1979, he greeted me like a brother. More precisely, as a brother in misfortune. He told a lot about his life, about Belgium. The third time I saw him was in the winter of 1982. But it was already a different person. A haggard, decrepit old man with completely lost teeth. From "drugs," he said. In Kazan, he was mercilessly fed with antipsychotics and God knows what else. And most importantly, depression. Constantly repeated: “Michelle! they want to shoot me; I can feel it". In vain did he try to calm him down. Like, according to Soviet laws, the ceiling is 15 years, which he has already served. Besides, he is officially "insane" and that would be against our laws. Everything was in vain. And I have doubts about his health. Didn't you get sick?! After all, 15 years in a psychiatric hospital ...

In the summer of 1982, in the camp, I somehow looked through the newspaper "Soviet Russia". Indifferently he slid over the title of the article "There is no mercy for traitors." In those years, there was another campaign “no one is forgotten” and there were enough propaganda writings. But my eyes caught a familiar name. I carefully read "... sentenced to capital punishment ... the sentence has been given ...", etc. My hair literally moved, this situation seemed so improbable, fantastic to me.

One can only guess how it happened. Lubyanka demanded that Serbsky's professors declare Lukyanov crazy in order to hide him in a special / psychiatric hospital. Those under the visor. And years later, Lubyanka considered it dangerous to let Lukyanov go - he learned too much. So it must be destroyed. And they ordered the "doctors" to declare him healthy in order to execute him "according to the law." Those again under the visor. If anyone has doubts about this story, it is not difficult to check. The youngest son of Lukyanov in Belgium, today is about 50 years old. After the arrest of his father, KGB operatives transported him along with the car across the border. Probably, other relatives are also alive, in the same place in Belgium.

When professors from Serbsky claim that they sent the accused to psychiatric hospitals in order to escape prison or execution, this is true. Only whose, really?! The Institute. Serbsky in the Soviet period (as, probably, now) was the main tool for "laundering" crimes. By analogy: how all sorts of robbers and scammers “launder” criminal money.

In Soviet times, the Kremlin authorities were terribly concerned about their image not only in the eyes of the West, but also in the eyes of their own citizens. There was a doctrine that our state system is an ideal for mankind, and therefore in our country, under socialism, such crimes as in the “decaying” West cannot occur. And our officials are just angels in comparison with grabbers and swindlers in countries where “man is a wolf to man” and “chistogan rules”.

By the way, today, the attitude towards the “image” of the country is indifferent. The son of the Minister of Defense Ivanov, brazenly crushed a pensioner with a car. All of Moscow knows about this, but the criminal has not even been arrested. If this happened a quarter of a century ago, and this fact would have received the same publicity, then Ivanov, the youngest, was sent to a psychiatric hospital for a couple of months. To “wash off” his crime. Sorry, citizens, there is no crime. Simply, a short-term disorder of health; It happens to everyone. And this “health disorder” would be helpfully certified in Serbian by doctors with doctoral degrees.

The son of a prominent Moscow official in the banking sector was sitting with me. Father was an order-bearer, for some rear exploits during the war. The son quarreled with his wife, doused her with gasoline and burned her. Absolutely sane and intelligent person. Another would have been shot, but this one got off with 5 years of special / psychiatric hospital. Moreover, he was kept privileged, as in a rest home. Another case. The son of the chief of militia, absolutely sane, not stupid and pleasant person in all respects. He convinced us that he was caught for poaching. Later we learned his story. He lured a 9-year-old girl into the forest, raped her and buried her. "treated" and released.

Third case. There was one good coven worker, he earned a lot. But he was on business trips too often and for a long time. My wife gave me an ultimatum: I need a husband at home, not in the form of a passport stamp. If you don't change jobs, I'll go to my mother. But the man was brought up in a strict Orthodox tradition, according to which "let the wife be afraid of her husband." Therefore, he warned: “If you leave, I won’t find you at home; I will come and cut off my head." Arrived - did not find. He took an ax, came to his mother-in-law's house and cut off his wife's head. But this man's brother, a colonel, was not the last pawn in some kind of headquarters. And he helped to arrange a brother in a psychiatric hospital, "treat". And not even in the "special", but in the ordinary, urban. There he spent a little more than four years in very comfortable conditions. He was an absolutely healthy person and enjoyed the full confidence of the doctor.

The fourth case: a relative of the secretary of the district committee of the party was detained for hooliganism. During the conversation, he punched the Head of the Department of Internal Affairs in the face. Instead of prison, he got off with two months in a city psychiatric hospital. In it, he almost did not spend the night, only celebrated. Another example. The nephew of the head of the department in the Vladimir psychiatric hospital (where I was kept), while serving in the army, tried to rape a nurse. Or raped? I don't remember exactly. A criminal case was opened. But the uncle, a psychiatrist, achieved an examination and transferred him under his wing.

There are not many such cases. For large bribes, with the help of the Serbsky Institute, they evaded prison or execution. A certain Romaniz of Orenburg was sitting with me. His relatives were someone in a shawl factory. Roma was going to get married, but the bride's relatives objected. Then he killed the mother and grandmother of his fiancee. This "deed" cost him five years in a special / psychiatric hospital. There were persistent rumors that a lot of money was paid to experts - psychos from the Serbsky Institute. He was kept in very comfortable conditions. By nature, calm, balanced; typical sanguine. An absolutely sane person, plus a businesslike and not without talent. Relatives often visited Roman. Knowledgeable people claimed that they came with rich gifts for psycho - doctors.

Some skeptic will object. Where, they say, such confidence that all these people are absolutely healthy? Confidence from having watched them for months and years. And then, for some reason, you don’t doubt the health of commando Eduard Ulman, Chikatilo or Budanov? Ulman killed and burned 6 completely innocent people in cold blood. If he killed his own: wife, father, mother, etc. Or killed someone for the purpose of robbery; then such actions can be explained by "emotions", excessive greed. And he killed people he did not know with the same ease as someone slaps a mosquito, without being distracted from a conversation with a friend.

Among the psycho-doctors of Sychevka there were drug addicts, homosexuals, sadists - for every taste, as they say. Is it possible to imagine that someone came to get a job with fake documents, as a pilot of a passenger plane or a doctor - a neurosurgeon? But a psychiatrist - easily! Because a psychiatrist is the most speculative and "muddy" profession. All their doctoral degrees and professorships are not worth a penny.

I was told how in the Sychevsk special / psychiatric hospital for about 3 years a psycho worked as a swindler doctor. But one incident even surprised me. In 1970, it seems in Izvestia, a large article appeared about a certain psychiatrist Gorelik, who was sentenced to 10 years in prison. This man worked for about 10 years as the Chief Psychiatrist of the Vladimir Region, without even having a secondary education. He achieved the title of honored doctor, received some kind of order, and prepared a Ph.D. thesis (I mean, he hired a person who wrote to him). Caught on the "chaff" - while trying to steal a matriculation certificate. In addition, embezzlement of 10 thousand rubles was discovered. Talent?! Undoubtedly, but which one? Once I read a story about a man. He managed to sell the Eiffel Tower to large French businessmen for a lot of money, for metal. But the tower, thank God, is still standing. And with psycho-doctors everything is more difficult and much worse. Because it concerns the fate, health and life of many people.

In May 2006, I was invited to one of the live programs on cable television. There was a discussion with the psychiatrist professor Mikhail Vinogradov. In fact, the dispute turned out. More like a monologue. Since this professor took up almost two-thirds of the air time. Vinogradov taught at the school of the NKVD-FSB, advised these "knights" of the cloak and dagger. Cooperates with them today. Naturally, he continues to defend his native department. I reminded him of the special / laboratories of the NKVD-FSB, where people were massacred in droves, testing them with chemical and bacteriological weapons, various poisons. Developed methods of unproven murder. And how, then, did your employers-employers differ from the Nazi executioners, such as Mengele, who was declared a war criminal? I asked a rhetorical question.

All the intelligence agencies of the world are doing this - calmly answered, this "doctor". Only Mr. Vinogradov consciously “does not want to know” that in the USSR most ordinary people, citizens of their country, not vicious criminals, were sentenced to death en masse. AMengele conducted his experiments on prisoners, and not on his own citizens.

I would not be surprised if it suddenly turns out that Vinogradov himself participated in such savage experiments, since he so confidently justifies these crimes. During his monologue, he stated that a quarter of the population is mentally ill. And where is the guarantee that you yourself do not fall into this quarter? I asked Vinogradov. He just laughed smugly. Such people are well aware of their untouchability. The law is not for them. Whatever crimes the servants of butchery commit, the Power will always protect them. Only a change of power can occasionally restore justice.

There was a patient in the same room with me, about 40 years old. I don't remember what sins I got for. But what surprised me! With confidence, which is hard not to believe, he claimed that, without blinking an eye, he could dismember living person. He can open his chest or peritoneum and cut out anything there, without paying any attention to the groans, pleas or cries of the victim. By all external signs, this patient was a mentally absolutely healthy person.

And I thought that this class of people includes such, at first glance, different persons as Chikatilo, Ulman, professors like Mikhail Vinogradov. They are all united by the lack of humanity, in common parlance - conscience. This is the true "emotional impoverishment of the personality." Their main life principle is service to the Master. I have long been jarred by the expression "A dog is a man's best friend." In fact, the dog is a "friend" of the Owner, who trains and feeds it. And the dog is an enemy to everyone else, whom the owner points the finger at. It's the same with some people.

And here are examples of a different plan from the same Serbsky Institute. During the war, a Russian peasant, Nikolai Ivanovich Breslavsky, fled to Turkey. In 1945 he was issued. They were sentenced to 10 years in the camps. In the camp, he did not hide from anyone that he would seek departure. Having freed himself, he arrived in Moscow and from the station went to look for the Turkish embassy. As soon as he walked a couple of blocks, he was detained by comrades in civilian clothes. Further, as usual: Lefortovo, Serbian and Sychevskaya special / psychiatric hospital. With me, he was already kept for 18-19 years. I think he died there.

Another example. Vitaly Bublik, Ukrainian; during the occupation, as a teenager, he worked part-time on road construction. After the war "for cooperation" received 10 years. Sat out completely. During the visit of US President Nixon in 1959, Bublik came to Moscow, went to the American exhibition and opened up with the guide. He told what he was sitting for and how he was sitting. At the exit from the exhibition was detained. Further along the pattern - Lefortovo, Serbian, Sychevskaya special / psychiatric hospital. He has served me for 15 years. I can say that I was mentally healthy. He probably died there. There are many examples, "good and different".

But, apparently, it's time to tell about their own "secrets". Still, unlike the previously mentioned comrades - ordinary head cutters and burners, I represented a "special public danger to society" - I quote from the text of the Court's ruling. Well, in the final version, he received the status of an OOGP (a particularly dangerous state criminal). So, why was he awarded such an “honor”?

My Gulag odyssey is unique. First, they kept me for 5 years in psychiatric hospitals, including the prison type. And then, about 12 more years in camps and prisons. In the process of all four convictions, four examinations were carried out, respectively. All subsequent ones automatically duplicated the initial diagnosis. It was formulated at the Serbsky Institute by a certain Fokin Albert Aleksandrovich, who called himself a psychiatrist. I am sure that he was a helpful pawn in the hands of Professor Daniil Romanovich Lunts (so that he could roll over in his grave once again). The so-called "doctor" Lunts carried out the direct instructions of the Lubyanka.

I will briefly tell you how the psychiatric hospital entered my dissident biography.

I worked as an electrician at a radio factory, lived in a hostel. Arrested on April 14, 1970 in the office of the City Prosecutor, where they were summoned by summons. There was a brief dialogue. They asked me: "Kukobaka, why do you systematically oppose Soviet power?"

I, Comrade Procurator, cannot, on principle, oppose Soviet power. Because I am a simple worker, and the Soviet government is ideal for a working person. “Soviet” is a derivative of the word advice, to consult. But during my life I came to the conclusion that the Power never consulted with us. In other words, we do not have Soviet Power, and never have. She just has to fight for it. There was a light tap on the shoulder from behind. He turned around - the policeman holds out handcuffs.

After the arrest, a search was conducted. Were seized and attached to the criminal case under Art. 190-Prim of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR the following things. Two works of the first course in German. 4 or 5 sports certificates, a summary of the work of Wilhelm Liebknecht “No Compromises”, an extract from the local library about books read on Marxism, a Komsomol ticket. In addition, a statement addressed to Brezhnev, the article "An Open Letter to the English Writer Ivor Montague." In it, I spoke in defense of the Russian writer Anatoly Kuznetsov. There were also geographical maps of several Western countries and a good knife (not quite a penknife).

Since I did not hide my anti-communist convictions, the investigation moved quickly. In addition to the "anti-Soviet", I was also credited with collecting weapons in order to prepare for crossing the border. They made a comprehensive examination of the knife and convincingly proved that they can kill a person. Is it possible to kill a person with an iron, a rolling pin or an empty champagne bottle? - I ironically over the investigator.

There was a hitch when I firmly told investigator Fedosov that I categorically refused a lawyer and intended to defend myself in court myself. After that, the investigator sent me to an outpatient psycho-examination, where I was declared healthy. Then my case was transferred to the investigative department of the KGB in the Vladimir region. They were transported from the Alexander Prison at different stages (apparently they were afraid of information leakage). Mr. Pavel Yevseev, Head of the Investigation/Department of the KGB for the Vladimir Region, personally came for me in a service "Volga". No handcuffs, they put him next to the operative. And so, with comfort, we made our way from Alexandrov to Vladimir. In Vladimir, I was summoned for interrogation a couple of times. The delusions of investigator Fedosov about my allegedly preparing an escape across the cordon disappeared from the case, along with a knife and a wristwatch.

One day investigator Yevseev came a little preoccupied.

Listen, Mikhail, I have carefully read all your materials and I see that you, in essence, have nothing to do. Here's what you're doing: sign this piece of paper. You are doing yourself and us a favor. You will go to your factory and work there, for your health. Just don't talk too much with your tongue. I read the leaflet that was handed to me. In it, a certain person in the form of a report wrote, they say, citizen Kukobaka in such and such a place met with the secretary of state of the West German embassy Muller and had a conversation with him.

What nonsense?! - I was surprised, not even having read the paper properly to the end. If I guess correctly, this Muller annoyed you with something, but what do I have to do with it?

Don't break your head; the rest is none of your concern. Sign and go to work at your old place. No one will know about it, just don’t let your tongue loose,” the investigator continued to convince.

I agree, no one will know about it. But I myself, all my life I will remember that I did a dirty trick to a person whom I did not know and did not see. No! If this Muller did not please you with something, look for justice on him yourself. I'm not helping you here.

Evseev grimaced in displeasure: So you don't want to sign?! ​​Well, okay, Kukobaka. Then we will arrange such a thing for you that you will repent all your life.

Yes, I wanted to sneeze at your threats! - here I discarded any "diplomacy".

A few days later they called the investigator again. - Here is Kukobak, you will go to Moscow. You are heading for a psycho-examination - smiling benevolently, Mr. Evseev said.

And I do not need your expertise! - And no one will ask you. In the tone of the investigator, notes of gloating were heard. So I ended up at the institute. Serbian.

After the examination, I was kept in a strict isolation prison for a whole year, in complete ignorance of my fate. However, I did not sit passively waiting. Constantly wrote protests. I was looking for contacts in order to break through the "wall of silence". Finally, I managed to achieve the goal. Some of the political prisoners made a request to Gen. The prosecutor's office in relation to me (and possibly somewhere else). Finally, on September 6, 1971, the head of the special / part of the prison quickly read out to me the Certificate of Expertise from the Serbsky Institute.

I didn’t hear everything and didn’t remember everything I heard literally. But individual fragments were remembered for the rest of my life, they amazed me so much. The act stated that "...going in for sports, a passion for a foreign language, as well as an interest in philosophy are the result of painful personality changes ...". It also said that "... Kukobaka suffers from emotional impoverishment of the personality ..." Then the Head of the special / unit added that the trial against me took place on November 4, 1970, which I was allegedly informed about. This was a blatant lie.

For the first time, I was able to get acquainted with my judgment in absentia in case No. 2-3c of November 4, 1970 only after more than 20 years, when I achieved rehabilitation. And some secrets were revealed, but not all. I will quote from the Sentence, descriptions of some of my crimes. They well deserve to be carefully read and comprehended. To realize in which direction we are moving today, and what future we can expect.

“In July 1969, in the hostel of the Kiev Chemical Plant, in the presence of Tupitsin and others, Kukobak slandered the provisions of the Constitution of the USSR and the reports of the Soviet press and radio.”

“In September 1969, in workshop No. 8 of the radio factory in the city of Aleksandrov, in the presence of Lobanov, Rumyantsev and others, Kukobak slandered the Soviet government.”

“In November 1969, in the workshop of the radio factory, in the presence of Lebedev, Lobanov, Kuvanov, Kolyazhnov, Korolin and other workers, Kukobak slandered socialist democracy, while praising the so-called bourgeois freedom of speech and press.”

“In December 1969, on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, in the presence of sightseers, Kukobak slandered Soviet reality and the Soviet state system.”

“At a New Year's party in a women's hostel, in the presence of Romanenkova, Baranova, Fedoseyeva, Chursanov, and others, Kukobaka praised the life of the people abroad and slandered the position of the working class in the USSR.”

“In February 1970, during the cleaning of the territory of the radio plant, in the presence of Ionov, Bezymyanny and others, Kukobak spoke with hostility about the slogan: “Live and work according to Leninsky.”

I remember this episode well. Because he made a small "discovery". Looking at the slogan, I said to my neighbor: “Look! In German, work is arbeit and slave is shclave. In English, a worker is a walker and a slave is a slave. And only in Russian: worker, work and slave are words of the same root.” I did not think then that my modest digression into linguistics would be included in the case file as a crime.

“At various times in March 1970, in the hostel of the radio factory, in the presence of Mazur and Grunin, Kukobak slandered the foreign policy of the Soviet government and press reports, the CPSU and Soviet reality.”

I hope I have given enough examples of the hard work of KGB investigators. All my other “crimes” in this case are about the same.

Based on the totality of committed acts, and also taking into account that playing sports, learning a foreign language, interest in philosophy (reading Marxist literature) are “the result of painful personality changes” according to the conclusion of the vitro-fokins from Serbsky; as a result, I was recognized as representing a “special public danger to society” . This, dear readers, turned out to be almost more serious than burning alive or beheading your wife or neighbor.

About people and about the attitude towards the “enemy of the people”.

If only bad people met on my prison-camp path (and not only on this one), it would hardly be possible to survive. I have long come to the conclusion, and not only from examples of good literature, but also from personal experience, that decent and relatively honest people are in the vast majority. But these qualities are manifested in conditions of "free will", freedom of choice. In practice, each person has his own limit of strength. And if a person is subjected to constant physical and psychological pressure, then not everyone passes the test with a minimal loss of humanity, their moral qualities.

And yet, even in the midst of butchery, sometimes instinctive empathy for one's neighbor, inherent in man by nature, breaks through. After all, man is a collective animal, with the corresponding instincts of self-preservation of the species. One day in late autumn there was cold, slushy weather. I went for a walk lightly. The ensign of the Lefortovo prison remarked in an undertone: "You should dress warmer, it's very unpleasant to be outside today." I turned around and looked at the guard. From the expression on his face, from the intonation of this 40-year-old warden, it was felt that he had said sincerely, not according to “instructions”.

After Serbsky, in the Vladimir prison, I was kept in isolation, in a special cell. An iron door, a window half the size, and even then, closed from the inside with an iron grate with a small cell. The lounger was a wooden coffin made of thick boards covered with two iron strips. A thick board is obliquely fixed at the head. The whole structure is cemented into the floor. Even in a padded jacket, it was chilly in the cell. Realizing that I would have to sit for a long time, and maybe to the end, I created an even tougher regime for myself. I walked barefoot on the cement floor. Despite the cold, they undressed from morning to evening doing different stances, push-ups, sit-ups, and running. Sometimes I couldn't get up quickly. Dizziness began, he fell into a semi-conscious state.

One day the lock rattled, and a group of administration officers headed by the Chief of the medical unit, But, entered the cell. I had just finished another "warm-up" and was standing naked to the waist, calming my breath. Booth looked around the camera. A light bulb shone dimly from a barred recess above the door. In this light, frost sometimes sparkled, carried by the wind through broken glass. The chamber rather resembled a certain medieval casemate.

The head of the medical unit, a fat, overweight woman of about fifty. Honored Doctor of the RSFSR. For her cruelty, the prisoners gave her various bad nicknames. Once, a young scientist, ornithologist, a dissident from the Baltic States, Gunar Rode, almost died. He urgently needed an operation, but But stubbornly did not give permission. And only when several chambers of political prisoners went on strike (or hunger strike?) Gunnar was operated on. He survived. After serving a 15-year sentence, he was released, married, and managed to emigrate to Sweden.

After examining the camera, But turned to me and asked: “How are you feeling, how are you?” - Fine. “Are there any complaints, claims to the administration, to the regime of detention?” - Not.

“Are there any requests, wishes?” - Not. Booth came closer, almost touching me with her stomach. She stared at my unshaven face for a few seconds. And without a smile, as if with a hint of slight surprise, she muttered: “Hmmm ... Kukobaka. And you look like a true prisoner.” She turned and walked out, followed by everyone else.

Just a couple of hours later, I was transferred to another cell: bright, warm, with an ordinary window and even without blinds. The cell has an ordinary wooden door and a bed with a net, a bed with a white sheet. In addition, they were transferred to hospital food. The mood immediately improved markedly.

And then the librarian came with books; a young pretty girl, with well-developed hips. I also noticed that almost in front of me was a cell where they were also interested in books. As soon as the feeder slammed shut, I grabbed a spoon and began to make holes in the door at knee level. For several hours I drilled with an aluminum spoon, until bloody calluses on my fingers, a prison door five centimeters thick. The most difficult thing was to go through the last layer so that the chips did not fall out into the corridor. Otherwise, the overseer would notice and all the work down the drain. But I successfully completed the task.

I should note that during the entire period of detention in the Vladimir prison, not a single guard said a bad word to me. Although I could hear from somewhere the cries of those being beaten, the swearing of prisoners and guards. Only in the exercise yard did my behavior irritate the guards. In any weather, he took off his shoes and walked barefoot on the concrete floor. Only on November 12 did he stop leaving the cell. Because he did not have time to rub his stiff legs.

Special / psychiatric hospital, otherwise referred to as "indefinite bed" - the most difficult test, and physically immoral. Naturally, with the exception of the contingent "laundering" their crimes there for bribes or through nomenclature connections. Upon arrival, they were placed in the largest cell, where the most severe patients were kept. Orderlies-criminals often went there to train in beating. Physically and mentally broken patients were often dragged into the toilet in the middle of the night for sexual entertainment. And it was no secret to doctors and nurses.

There was a problem, to avoid possible provocations. There was only one toilet at the end of the corridor. And the cameras took turns. Everyone lined up in front of the door, shifting nervously. The orderly opened the chamber, and the first two received a slap on the back of the head, the middle slipped, one or two of the last were kicked in the ass. I reasoned that if you respond with a blow for a blow in the first days, it is tantamount to suicide. Do not answer - humiliation and loss of dignity, which is difficult to survive.

I had to be smart. "Accidentally" got into the middle of the queue to avoid contact with the orderlies. So I survived without conflict for several days, before being called for a conversation with a doctor. The head of the department, Sazonkov Valery Andreevich, was a relatively young man. Tall, self-confident (master of sports in boxing) always talked in private, without the presence of orderlies. He recently worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and has not yet been particularly spoiled by the system. During the first conversation, I managed to present my story in such a way, posing as a naive simpleton, that the doctor involuntarily burst out: “Yes, Mikhail; since you're in trouble, none of us is safe." I was immediately transferred to a cell-ward with the most healthy patients and without prescribing any "treatment".

In a short time I got used to it and by my behavior I won respect from the orderlies - criminals. But soon there was trouble. One patient, who was in prison for murder, behaved insultingly and tried to blackmail me. It was not possible to reason with him by peaceful means. And as soon as we were in the same cell, I immediately gave him a nickel. He complained, orderlies, nurses came running and took me to the execution. I don't know what worked. Maybe I hadn’t recovered from prison yet. But after an injection of chlorpromazine, as soon as I got out of the procedure, I fainted. Then more and more. Reported to the doctor. I sit on the floor, not daring to get up to get on the bed. The head of the department comes in: "What's the problem?"

What, Valery Andreevich, have you decided to kill me?! Is this what you have planned? I resolutely went on the offensive,

"How to kill it?" - the eyebrow doctor raised in surprise.

And so! By medical means. You know perfectly well that I have a sick heart - I impudently attributed to the doctor knowledge of my heart affairs - and, nevertheless, you prescribe me a horse dose of some kind of filth.

The doctor thought for a second: “Well, if you have a sick heart, we will support it with cordiamin, and we will treat you. So that you understand well where you got to and don’t open your hands anymore. ”

However, the injections were replaced with pills. I immediately bribed the necessary orderlies and did not take any nasty things until the end of the so-called “treatment course”. Pretty soon, by various tricks, I managed to get the most prestigious and well-paid job - a sewing machine adjuster. Before, I saw sewing machines only from a distance, and even then in a foulard. This work made me in a sense "untouchable", invulnerable to all sorts of minor troubles.

Sychevskaya special / psychiatric hospital at that time had a fairly large production. In addition to the sewing, there were other workshops: for the production of nails, chains - I can’t remember everything. Together with my partner, we had a workshop at our disposal, in which there were turning, drilling and emery machines. A bunch of different piercing and cutting tools. In addition, we serviced the electrical equipment of the entire production.

Formally, the full-time electrician from the camp was responsible for everything. But he was physically unable to cope with everything. Therefore, we did almost all the work ourselves, although it was against the rules. But if I had the stupidity to say: they say, I don’t know, I can’t or I don’t have the right, they would immediately be removed from work. Moreover, the so-called "treatment" would be prescribed in connection with "deterioration of the mental state." Such is the specificity of Soviet production. This job allowed me to wander around the entire production area without restriction; meet people from other departments who interested me in something.

But after a while something else happened to me. Once, during a search at the workplace, the guards seized a piece of paper with some information. According to investigators, one of the Western radio stations could be the source of the facts cited there. I was immediately taken to headquarters. The head of the psychiatric hospital, Mr. Lyamits Leonid Ivanovich, and two operatives interrogated him. Once upon a time, Mr. Lyamitz was the head of one of the departments. Old-timers said that if a patient complained to Lyamits about something, he listened sympathetically. And then he called the orderly and gave the order that the complainant be prescribed “kulazin” (a specific jargon, from the word fist).

I explained to the "interrogators"; they say, he found a crumpled piece of paper, out of curiosity he copied the texts for himself, he wanted to show the doctor, but did not have time. This explanation was rejected outright. They began to threaten me. They will probably beat me, I thought uncertainly. And he began to solve a painful task. If they start beating, what to do? - passively defend, closing vulnerabilities or give battle and, to the last, and there come what may. So, they will beat to death, I came to a disappointing conclusion. Cowardice got the better of me, and I decided that in case something happened, I would take up passive defense. My soul immediately felt better.

Kukobaka! For the last time, I advise you to tell everything frankly. Otherwise, we will be forced to start treating you. We will treat you for 10 years. And we will treat you in such a way that even if you stay alive, you will no longer need any freedom.

But, Leonid Ivanovich, I told you everything I knew; but I don’t know how to compose - with the frankness of a child, I confessed to the Head of my shortcoming.

Do you even realize what awaits you?! Mr. Lyamitz continued to stubbornly interrogate.

Yes, yes, of course, - I sadly nodded my head.

I was assigned a “relaxation” or “drunk injection”, as they also call it. A certain mixture of barbiturates with other muck, in order to untie the tongue. But I have already heard about this "tool" of lovers of other people's secrets. Therefore, I concentrated as much as possible and regularly voicing my own “mantra”, I did not get distracted by unnecessary discussions. Thus, until the end of the "experiment" retained self-control. After making sure that nothing worthwhile was bugged in my cranium, I was taken to the ward. I fell on the bed and fell into a dead sleep.

A couple of hours later the doctor called. Staggering, but with absolutely clear brains, I entered the office. “Listen, Mikhail! I don't know what your problems are with the operatives, but you're being extremely unreasonable. If there is any problem, you better come and consult me. Then you can still somehow avoid unpleasant consequences. Otherwise, with such irresponsible behavior, you will never get out of here.

At each commission from Serbsky, the head of the department, Valery Andreevich Sazonkov, presented me for discharge. The gray-haired arbiters of other people's destinies from this Institute of Fools (according to the definition of my late friend, the well-known dissident V. Nekipelov) regularly refused me. After the next commission, I reproached the head of the department: What is it, Valery Andreevich? It would be better if you killed someone, it would be easier for me to push you out of here, the doctor replied irritably.

It seems that the main goal of the professors from Serbsky was to convince me that I was seriously ill and I admit it myself. And even better if he really got sick. So their diagnosis is correct. And the task of the Lubyanka is fulfilled and the conscience is "clear". Therefore, the main question has always been: “Kukobaka, do you admit that you suffer from a severe mental illness and need treatment?”. To answer that I don’t admit it will be accused of “uncritical thinking”. So it needs further treatment. And so bad, and so much worse. I had to resort to elaborate wording.

Finally my day has come. The doctor called to himself; he looked tired and gloomy.

All Michael! Finally, I'll get rid of you. You will go to the regional psychiatric hospital. But remember: your statement is in the balance. The slightest, somewhere something vyaknesh or pull on the "scribble" - again you will be here. And then the end; no longer choose.

I nodded my head in agreement, but my thoughts were completely different.

On August 4, 1974, by an ordinary train, accompanied by a nurse, I arrived at the Vladimir Regional Psychiatric Hospital. The head of the department Artemiev Dmitry Dmitrievich after the conversation, let me go to the work brigade. Accompanied by a young, friendly nurse, we explored the surroundings of the psychiatric hospital. Then I persuaded her to go to the prison and tried to identify the cell where I was sitting. I made sure that from the outside it did not differ from the others, but from the inside the window was half concreted.

The doctor Artemiev was a convinced "Stalinist", and this determined our further relationship. I made no secret of the fact that I hold an absolutely opposite opinion not only about Stalin, but also about all his followers. At first, Artemyev behaved with restraint. However, the delicate balance was soon upset by my involuntary initiative.

A couple of newspapers were subscribed to the department. But they were appropriated by one of Artemiev's favorites. I politely reprimanded him. Standing on his bed, he replied dismissively, saying that there is nothing for fools to read there, and lightly hit me in the face with a folded newspaper. I immediately punched him in the jaw so that he somersaulted in one direction, and the glasses flew off in the other, and unfortunately broke. Scandal! They threatened to “send me back to where I came from” and transferred me to a ward for the most “unreliable”, from which it was forbidden to leave. Several days passed in anxiety. Then suddenly I was restored to my previous status.

Artemiev decided to take care of my “re-education.” As I suspected, on the advice of the curator from the KGB. I was appointed Deputy. Chairman of the Council of Patients and offered to edit the wall newspaper. I politely declined, citing my illiteracy and absolute lack of organizational skills. - You, Mikhail Ignatievich, do not be modest, everything will work out. I know enough about you - the doctor reassured me. For starters, Artemiev decided to stimulate the “carrot”.

I was given a "free exit". That is, with small assignments, I went outside the psychiatric hospital: for example, take documents to the accounting department or help bring food, etc. I traveled to the city with a nurse on various economic matters. I immediately took advantage of the situation and began to intensively "patrol" the women's department. I wanted to get to know some young woman so that she could persuade her mother to arrange guardianship for me. Finally, I succeeded, and one woman officially turned to the doctor with such a request.

However, my release was not part of the plans of the KGB. I was immediately shut down. Conducted a thorough search. It was forbidden to carry envelopes, blank paper, etc. The doctor called for a conversation and with a malicious grin said: “All your efforts are absolutely in vain. Our humane Soviet legislation cannot allow a woman with a sick daughter to take custody of such a seriously ill person as Kukobaka.

But I did not lose heart and did not waste time in vain. Through one hospital employee, he established an uninterrupted illegal connection with freedom. Valentina (that was her name) had an unusual character. Her patience and kindness in dealing with patients were amazing. I myself, for any money, could not do that. She idolized the doctor; I couldn't stand it and didn't hide it. However, she helped me in everything, no matter what I asked.

Thus, I was able to fulfill some of the instructions of one political prisoner from Sychevka. In addition, he met with Moscow dissidents: Podrabinek, Borisov and others. One of them, a pharmacist Nekipelov, who became my friend, agreed with his friend, also a doctor. And she tried to start the custody process. However, she was summoned to the local KGB and intimidated so much that she quit her job and generally left the Vladimir region. But the process could no longer be stopped. My story got a lot of publicity. The situation developed in such a way that my stay in the psychiatric hospital became burdensome for the KGB. And they decided to get rid of me, at least temporarily. After more than six years, I finally got freedom. On May 10, 1976, another stage of my life began.

I spent 21 months in the Vladimir psychiatric hospital. This is beyond any reasonable time. Moreover, formally, he was repressed even more than in Sychevka. Why "formally"? Because fortunately I was able to minimize them. After the first conflict (due to a fight), when the doctor threatened to send me back to the special / psychiatric hospital, I made inquiries about him. The head of the department, Artemiev, turned out to be a cruel and unbalanced person. Old-timers told how he stabbed to death with impunity two relatively healthy patients. Problems in his personal life, a difficult relationship with his wife, probably also affected Artemyev's psyche.

His arrogance showed up on me as well. Once, during a round, he came up and began to interrogate.

How are you Mikhail Ignatievich? How are you feeling, why are you so gloomy today?

No doctor, everything is fine, thank you.

Doesn't anything bother you, doesn't it bother you? - No, no. What exactly should I be concerned about?

Well, for example, bars on the windows.

Basically, I'm used to them. On the other hand, who would like a prison? – burst out on my head.

Aha! So this is a prison, you don't think it's a hospital?! So I'm really going to send you to where the real prison is! Artemiev was suddenly indignant.

Immediately after the round, I was transferred to the supervisory ward, tied hand and foot, and prescribed a course of "treatment" with chlorpromazine injections. This is "formal". As for the informal side of the matter... In the supervisory chamber, an old pensioner, a veteran of the NKVD, was on duty as an orderly; served under Yezhov. For some inexplicable reason, I evoked sympathy from him. Personal searches were rarely carried out here. But when transferred to supervised, they changed clothes completely, down to underpants. I used to hide various forbidden things in my clothes: pins, a blade, rods, etc.

And here is the dilemma: on the one hand, the paramedic is a two-meter, young fellow. And on the other hand, an old man - an NKVDist, is watching my dressing. Intuition suggested; and, turning sideways to the former operative, I began to hide my “treasures” without hesitation. He only silently watched my manipulations. As soon as outsiders left the supervision, I began to squirm on the bed like a snake. In a moment, having untied himself, he began to walk, as if nothing had happened. The orderly did not react, only warned me not to catch the eye of the doctor or the head nurse. He always brought me supplements at lunchtime. He provided newspapers from home. And he kept trying to convince me how good it was to live while I was in prison.

Before me, in the same department, the "true Orthodox" Kotov was under compulsory treatment. He also passed through Serbsky more than once. In total, he spent about 40 years in prison for his religious activities. It is curious that back in the 30s this orderly - NKVD chased him and arrested him more than once. How they got along in the 70s, I don't know.

With Kotov, I exchanged only a couple of phrases in Sychevka, since he worked in the kitchen, and not in production. His fate is tragic. In Vladimir, he made friends with a nurse, a very good woman. After their release, they got married. She quit her job and both went into hiding. The KGB tracked them down and arrested them. And both were sent to special / psychiatric hospitals - she was sent to Kazan, and he was again sent to Sychevka, where he was rumored to have died. After my release in May 1976, I found the daughter of this nurse in Vladimir. I wanted to get information about my mother in order to somehow help. However, the KGB so intimidated both her and her husband that they categorically refused to talk to me, as soon as they found out that I was also a repressed person.

As for the "treatment", I managed to establish good relations with most of the nurses. They noted the fever in the journal and replaced my injections with pills. Without even hiding from the nurse, I safely sent them to mice, in a hole under the floor. A similar situation was repeated when I was re-placed in this ward. This time they were punished on suspicion of illegal correspondence. Which was completely unfair. Since I have never been caught in the illegal area. And they were punished for a legal letter, in which the supervising nurse through negligence did not notice the “crime” and sent it.

But unexpectedly, all restrictions were lifted. That is, I was allowed to have envelopes, paper, a pen, etc. with me. They didn’t take anything away, even when rumors reached the doctor that I was composing “harmful” poems. And here's what happened. I received a small money transfer from Switzerland from the religious writer Levitin - Krasnov (now deceased). At first they hid me, this fact. But later, through the medical / staff brought to my attention. Apparently they hoped that I would take the initiative. But I did not give a look, and let all the talk about the transfer go past my ears.

Finally, Artemiev could not stand it and arranged for me to interrogate: there are acquaintances beyond the cordon. If so, how did you get in touch with them? Well, and so on, obviously on the instructions of the KGB.

I denied everything. Then he revealed to me the “secret” about the money transfer and demanded an explanation: who sent it to me, how did they know about me, etc. I pretended to be a “rural” peasant. Made a "guess"; they say, he told all people, at all stages, about his fate. Perhaps someone remembered; having left the cordon, out of sympathy, he decided to send me money for envelopes, toothpaste and other household expenses. The doctor was furious. My answer clearly did not suit him, as well as his owners. But they all apparently understood that restricting me was of little use and more expensive for themselves. In fact, I did not lie. He really gave information about his work everywhere and to everyone. I made contact with Levitin-Krasnov, back in Sychevka, through criminal orderlies.

This is how I fought for my freedom; remembering that "water does not flow under a lying stone." People become more willing to help if they see that the person is climbing with all their might. And I climbed as best I could.

Mikhas Kukobaka, dissident. Moscow. [email protected] yahoo. com July 2006

The Serbsky Institute went through a series of transformations. Its first purpose was to receive the mentally ill in Moscow, later it was a psychiatric hospital and much later a general-purpose scientific and practical institute.

Story

The Prechistensky Hospital for Prisoners in Moscow was founded in 1921, the basis for its creation was the Central Police Station, formed in 1899 to receive the mentally ill. With the change in social structure after 1917, the attitude towards prisoners changed. The People's Commissariat introduced a new legislative framework, which paid attention to the personal characteristics of the criminal and the offender, required the study of the motivation of his actions and examination by forensic psychiatrists.

During the first ten years, the work of the institution was of an open nature, much attention was paid to scientific work, the organization of seminars for psychiatrists and neurologists, and student excursions. Over time, the Serbsky Institute became the center of the governing majority of psychiatric institutions in the USSR. The terms of reference included the development of the scientific foundations of forensic psychiatry and expertise.

In the mid-1930s, the Serbsky Institute became the only specialized institution authorized to conduct forensic medical examinations in all significant cases. Since 1938, there was a department in the institution where people under investigation, accused of counter-revolutionary activities, dissidents suspected of political crimes, etc., were kept.

At the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the Serbsky Institute underwent a reorganization. The former department for political defendants and dissidents is given to the treatment of patients with alcoholism and drug addiction. The center began to pay attention to the study of the problems of social psychiatry, it became possible to hold days of open doors and exchange of experience.

At the moment, the main activities are: the provision of psychiatric care to all segments of the population, laboratory research, scientific and expert activities, educational specialized programs designed for senior students, graduate students and active professionals.

Medical services

The Serbsky Institute provides services in the following areas:

• Psycho-psychiatric help. Consultations are carried out by practicing specialists in the field of psychotherapy, psychiatry, psychology. Consultations are provided on a wide range of diseases (phobias, addictions to psychoactive substances, endogenous disorders, panic attacks, asthenic conditions, etc.).
• Narcological department (research, correction, relief, treatment).
• Professional advice on forensic, social psychiatry (general issues, a specific court case, reference information, etc.).
• Provision of expert services in civil litigation.
• Sexologist consultations (family, individual, special).
• Consultations and treatment of tobacco addiction (diagnosis, individual selection of treatment methods, psychocorrection, etc.).
• Treatment of gambling.
• Consultations of a psychologist, psychiatrist for children and teenagers.
• Psychiatric examination (voluntary).
• Examinations (laboratory, functional).
• Somatic consultations and much more.

The Serbsky Institute (Moscow) provides consultations on a commercial basis. The clinic has an outpatient department equipped with modern technology, advanced medical achievements are used in the treatment.

The science

The Serbsky Institute is a leading institution in the field of psychiatry, forensic medical examination, and the development of the scientific foundations of psychiatric examination. The department of scientific activity is engaged in:

• Research planning and coordination.
• Studying the problems of organizing a forensic psychiatric expert service.
• Collaboration with WHO.

There is also a department of international cooperation.

The main tasks of the department are to ensure planning, coordination of research activities, analysis and accounting of the results of the work carried out, development of a methodology for organizing a forensic psychiatric examination service, development of a methodology for conducting examinations.

The scientific division implements the following areas of work:

• Planning, execution, control of scientific activity.
• Research, development of programs, methods in the field of forensic psychiatric activity.
• Development of the basis for assessing the quality of expert judicial examination, monitoring, standardization.
• Collection of information, analysis of the work of forensic psychiatric organizations.
• Holding symposiums, round tables, meetings, conferences, etc.
• International cooperation with specialized institutions, etc.

Education for students

The Serbsky Institute provides education in several specialties for the training of professional personnel (residency, postgraduate studies). Students are given lectures, seminars are held, students are involved in scientific and practical work in the chosen profile education.

Center them. V.P. Serbsky invites students to receive a quality education in the following specialties:

• Clinical Medicine (postgraduate study for the scientific and pedagogical staff).
• Psychiatry (residency).
• Forensic medical examination (residency).
• Psychiatry-narcology (residency).
• Psychotherapy (residency).
• Sexology (residency).

Retraining and advanced training

For professional development, retraining of working doctors, there are vocational training courses:

• Retraining programs - psychiatry, forensic examination, sexology, etc.
• Advanced training (programs for the treatment of tobacco dependence, clinical psychoanalysis, suicidology, etc.).

Those who complete the course will receive a certificate. The Serbsky Institute conducts off-site training cycles by prior arrangement.

Odious Institute

Historically, the institute is shrouded in many secrets and rumors. Serbian. Forensic psychiatric examination has long been a tool in the hands of the punitive authorities. The first stage fell on the period from 1938 to 1941, when a department was created for those under investigation under various political articles, whose activities were potentially a threat to the state. The infamous fourth department was isolated from the entire institution by a secrecy stamp, and the employees of the institute did not know what was happening in it. In 1941, with the approach of the war line, the archive of medical histories of all the defendants held was completely destroyed.

The next round of punitive psychiatry within the walls of the Serbsky Institute fell on a period of stagnation, when the authorities fought with dissidents, for which the activities of the institution were vigorously criticized by human rights activists. But the actions of doctors and expert commissions corresponded to the letter of the law. In the 80s, an international assessment was given to the training of doctors working at the institute. She showed high professionalism, deep theoretical knowledge and practical skills.

The address

In 1988, the institute was withdrawn from the administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and transferred to the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

The Serbsky Institute has the following address: Moscow, Kropotkinsky lane, building 23 (Kropotkinskaya metro station).