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Pain in the gums can cause a lot of inconvenience. There are problems when chewing food, you can feel discomfort when drinking too cold or hot drinks. If the gum hurts at the end of the lower jaw, you should immediately seek help from a dentist. Untimely elimination of diseases in the oral cavity can lead to tooth loss. There are many causes of gum pain. Let's try to figure them out.
Gingivitis
This is one of the most common. Most often, the disease occurs in children and adolescents and is associated with poor oral hygiene. If what to do, how to treat, the dentist will tell you. It is not uncommon for gums to become inflamed during puberty. This is due to hormonal changes in the body. Immunity weakens, as a result of which gingivitis develops.
If the gum hurts at the end of the lower jaw and a swelling is observed, there may be problems with the extreme molar. It often happens that caries does not affect the nerve in any way, and multiplying bacteria cause inflammation of the gums. At best, the patient will experience discomfort when chewing food. The worst option is the appearance of purulent discharge. This situation threatens not only the loss of a tooth, but also the spread of infection throughout the body. Simple inflammation of the gums can lead to such a complex disease as meningitis.
Periodontitis
While brushing your teeth, almost every second notices. This symptom is not given due attention. In fact, blood is just the tip of the iceberg. Periodontitis is a complex inflammation of the tissues that surround the tooth. The difficulty is that at first any symptoms of the disease are practically absent. When the gum at the end of the lower jaw already hurts and the tooth staggers, the inflammation is in full bloom. During this period, there is practically no chance to save the molar.
There are several reasons for the development of periodontitis. First of all, this is poor oral hygiene. A person who is not used to thoroughly brushing his teeth in the morning will sooner or later develop periodontitis. Unfortunately, even the most inveterate cleaners can develop gum problems. The reason may be a metabolic disorder, problems of internal organs, poor heredity, hormonal failure, and even a banal injury. The sooner the patient seeks medical help, the more chances he gets to completely get rid of the disease.
Wisdom tooth
If the gum is swollen at the very end of the lower jaw, a wisdom tooth may be cut. This molar got its strange name for its late appearance. Unfortunately, the teeth that are the last in the row may have a non-standard placement. Hence the cutting problems. The pain can be so severe that you cannot do without the help of specialists. In rare cases, the dentist makes an incision in the gum to alleviate the suffering of the patient. The surgery is performed under local anesthesia.
Even if a wisdom tooth has already appeared, pain can often occur at the end of the lower jaw. This may be due to constant injury to the oral mucosa by an incorrectly located tooth. The dentist may recommend tooth extraction. Often the last molars exist for a very short time. Normally reaching the tooth with a brush is almost impossible. As a result, caries develops, which leads to the gradual death of the tooth.
Sore gums after tooth treatment
As soon as a person feels a toothache, he immediately seeks help from a specialist. What to do if the gum hurts after the filling procedure? It would seem that caries has been eliminated, which means that discomfort should disappear. In fact, if the patient had to remove the nerve, the pain may persist for several days after the canal filling. In this case, not only the tooth will hurt, but also the gum under it. In addition, discomfort may be associated with traumatic injection of the anesthetic. Rinsing with a decoction of chamomile or a solution of soda will help fix the problem.
If the gum hurts at the end of the lower jaw for a week after the tooth filling, you should seek the advice of a dentist. Perhaps the filling was placed too high. As a result of chewing food, the gums are subjected to increased pressure. All that needs to be done is to sharpen the filling a little.
Sore gums during pregnancy
In women during pregnancy, gum problems occur most often. There are several reasons for this. First of all, it is worth noting that this is how the body reacts to hormonal changes. In addition, the immune system weakens during pregnancy. As a result, pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply more productively. Pregnant women are more likely to develop gingivitis and periodontitis, even with proper oral hygiene.
Vitamin deficiency can be the cause of gum disease. A pregnant woman should eat well. The diet must include vegetables and fruits, dairy products, lean meat and fish. If necessary, the gynecologist can additionally prescribe a multivitamin complex. This is especially true for the spring-winter period.
During pregnancy, it is complicated by the fact that not all medications for treatment can be used. Women have to save themselves by folk methods. In order not to start the disease, it is worth regularly conducting preventive examinations at the dentist.
Diagnostics
If the gum hurts where the cheek passes into the upper jaw, adequate treatment can only be prescribed if a full diagnosis is made. This is a survey of the patient, a visual examination, as well as several types of research. The dentist can conduct a study on a tomograph, check the depth of the gum pockets, as well as determine the amount of plaque and the presence of tartar. Accumulated plaque is the primary cause of many gum problems.
A thorough examination allows you to make a preliminary diagnosis even before the tomography and tests. The development of periodontitis may be indicated by an increase in gum pockets, bad breath, and excessive bleeding. Purulent discharge can tell about the development of gingivitis. If necessary, the doctor may take x-rays.
How is the treatment going?
It is necessary to immediately contact a specialist if the gum and tooth hurt. What to do, knows a qualified dentist. After making an accurate diagnosis, the specialist will be able to prescribe an effective treatment. If the disease is not started, it will be possible to manage with medications. The specialist performs cleaning of tartar, and also prescribes drugs that will help relieve inflammation. Propolis, as well as chamomile, has a good effect on the gums. There are many herbal mouthwashes available in pharmacies.
Physiotherapy can also be used to treat gums. Popular today is the elimination of inflammation with a laser. Electrophoresis and massage also have a good effect. The specialist will show you how to properly massage the gums to strengthen them. Just a week of treatment will allow you to get rid of pain and bleeding, if you seek medical help in a timely manner.
When is it necessary to do without surgery?
In some cases, without the use of a scalpel, unfortunately, can not do. For example, if the gum hurts next to the wisdom tooth, this may indicate that the tooth has not erupted completely. If the gum pocket is not incised, pain and inflammation will constantly occur. This operation is not considered difficult and is performed under local anesthesia.
Flux is another condition that requires immediate surgical intervention. The specialist makes an incision in the gum to release the accumulated fluid. Next, a rubber drainage is installed to ensure the outflow of pus and ichor. Such treatment is necessarily accompanied by antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapy.
Treatment of periodontitis in the advanced stage is also not complete without surgical intervention. The specialist cleans the oral cavity from plaque and calculus, and then reduces the size of the gum pockets. Such therapy allows you to extend the life of a healthy tooth. After all, according to statistics, it is periodontitis that is the cause of molars prolapse in 50% of cases.
How to save yourself from pain?
What if the lower jaw hurts and the lymph nodes are inflamed, and the trip to the dentist is scheduled only the next day? There are many medications that will help temporarily get rid of the pain. Ketanov tablets are popular. The main active ingredient of the drug is ketorolac tromethamine. As auxiliary components, substances such as lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and titanium dioxide are used. Experts recommend taking one tablet every 4-6 hours. It is not advisable to use the medicine for a long time.
Adolor tablets are another popular remedy for tooth and gum pain. The only drawback is the impossibility of taking the medicine by patients under 16 years of age. Children can be saved from toothache with Nurofen syrup. Tablets "Adolor" show a good result in 20 minutes after taking. The effect persists for 4-5 hours. It is worth remembering that painkillers only help to eliminate an unpleasant symptom. Never put off going to the dentist.
Treatment of gum disease with folk methods
If the gum hurts, what to do and how to treat pain, every grandmother should know. Even 15 years ago, there were practically no private dental clinics. And people in the villages could only dream of qualified medical care. I had to use natural resources. Chamomile, for example, is considered effective in the treatment of gum disease. The tincture of the plant can not only relieve redness or swelling, but also reduce pain. To prepare the medicine, you need to pour a tablespoon of dry grass with a liter of boiling water. After chamomile has been infused for 15 minutes, it can already be used as a mouth rinse.
A solution of soda with salt also has healing properties. It is very easy to prepare. It is necessary to take two ingredients (a teaspoon of each) and pour the resulting powder with a glass of boiling water. This medicine helps to effectively fight inflammatory gum disease, which is accompanied by purulent discharge. For example, it can take place using not only antibiotics, but also soda and salt.
Prevention Matters
Any disease can be avoided if regular preventive maintenance is carried out. And if the gum hurts at the end of the lower jaw, the gum climbs onto the tooth, you should immediately go to the dentist's office. Timely treatment will save the tooth. Do not forget also about proper hygiene.
When the gum hurts at the end of the jaw, many take this symptom for the beginning of the growth of the third molar. Although figure eight teething is indeed a common cause of discomfort, it can be caused by other oral diseases. What to do if the pain caught at night or on a day off? Is it possible to cope with unpleasant sensations on your own? Let's figure it out together.
The nature of pain in the gums at the end of the jaw
It's a dull pain
Unpleasant aching pain is a symptom that manifests itself in many diseases of the oral cavity. Often patients endure it, relieve discomfort with analgesics, delaying the trip to the dentist, which can lead to complications of the disease.
Pain of the aching type is more dangerous than twitching or throbbing, as it indicates the presence of serious problems in the oral cavity. It can be eliminated only by potent drugs, but for a very short time. The source of aching pain can be:
- dental nerve under the influence of an irritant (cold or heat, acid, etc.);
- periosteum of the jaw;
- gum nerves.
neuralgic pain
The discomfort may be neurological in nature. Often there is a spread of pain along the trunks of the nerves. The patient complains of discomfort in the face, eyes, throat, the pain spreads to the entire jaw. When the “eight” (third molar) erupts, the ear and temple may even hurt.
Neuralgic pain when a wisdom tooth appears indicates its incorrect position, for example, if it is located horizontally. There is not only soreness, but also swelling of the tissues. Therapy is aimed at removing the bone unit.
Pain in the temple near the ear can be a sign of inflammation of the trigeminal facial nerve (we recommend reading: photos, symptoms and treatment of inflammation of the trigeminal nerve on the face). Discomfort is manifested when chewing, swallowing, during a conversation, the secretion of saliva increases. The reason is the compression of the nerve endings by the vessels of the brain.
It hurts to swallow
In some diseases, the patient experiences pain even when swallowing. This symptom may be associated with conditions:
- Pericoronitis. There is redness, slight swelling at the end of the jaw. The mucous membrane surrounding the erupting tooth becomes inflamed. It becomes painful for the patient to swallow, he is not able to speak normally and open his mouth. The main cause of pericoronitis is the lack of space for the bony unit.
- Catarrhal stomatitis. The mucous membrane of the mouth turns red, it is very difficult for a person to swallow even saliva.
- Arteritis. Inflammation affects the walls of the facial artery, which causes acute pain in the area near the ear (we recommend reading: symptoms and treatment of inflammation of the facial nerve). Patients feel discomfort when swallowing, talking, cannot open their mouth normally. Most often, the disease manifests itself in women after 50 years.
Why is the gum swollen?
Growing wisdom tooth
The most likely reason for gum pain at the end of the upper or lower jaw is the eruption of a wisdom tooth. Usually this problem begins to haunt patients from the age of 18-22, when the dentition is formed. The teeth that erupt last in a row have a non-standard arrangement, which is why problems arise. "Eight" can grow for several years. In most cases, teething causes severe discomfort, but may be asymptomatic. Signs of growth of the third molar:
- pain at the end of the jaw;
- cheek swelling;
- redness of the gums;
- swollen lymph nodes;
- pain when swallowing.
Even if the “eight” has appeared, discomfort can still occur at the end of the jaw. As a rule, the pain is associated with methodical trauma to the gums with a tooth or caries. It is quite difficult to reach the molar with a toothbrush, therefore, caries develops, leading over time to the death of bone tissue.
caries and pulpitis
Lack of hygiene, tooth trauma, hereditary predisposition, malnutrition lead to the formation of caries - damage to the hard tissues of the tooth. The appearance of spots without a professional examination can be overlooked, and in the meantime, pathogens penetrate deeper into the enamel, reaching the pulp.
Pulpitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues of the bone unit. The course of the disease can be both acute and chronic, but the clinical picture is usually very bright:
- throbbing pain radiating to the entire half of the lower part of the face;
- discomfort is aggravated by eating sweet, sour, hot or cold foods;
- pain is more common at night.
In the chronic course of the disease, the patient feels aching pain. If the attack does not go away within 3-5 minutes, pulpitis should be suspected and a doctor should be consulted.
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an inflammatory process in the tissues surrounding the tooth. At the initial stage of the development of the disease, there are no symptoms, later bleeding of the gums appears, which most patients do not pay attention to. When the teeth are loose and hurt, there is practically no chance of saving them.
The disease develops due to insufficient hygiene, poor heredity, hormonal imbalance, trauma. The problem is that even a person who carefully cares for the oral cavity is not immune from the appearance of periodontitis.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the most common cause of gum pain. Patients turn to a specialist with complaints that they have pain in the last molars in the lower or upper jaw. The disease begins locally and slowly spreads to the front teeth. The area where the wisdom tooth is located is the "favorite" place for the development of gingivitis. This is easy to explain: here the teeth are difficult to clean thoroughly, and due to access difficulties, even an experienced specialist is sometimes unable to notice the symptoms.
In acute catarrhal gingivitis, the signs are pronounced. The gums bleed, the color of the mucous membranes changes, the mouth smells unpleasantly of rot (we recommend reading: how to treat at home if your gums bleed?). In the absence of therapy, plaque forms.
Periodontitis
The condition in which inflammation of the ligamentous apparatus that attaches the tooth to the gums occurs is called periodontitis. In pathology, the patient notices that the gum is swollen and sore, especially when pressed (we recommend reading: how to rinse your mouth if the gum is swollen?). The disease develops against the background of advanced caries, when the infection is transferred to neighboring tissues. The therapy consists in filling carious cavities, sometimes antibiotics and tooth extraction are required.
Inflammation of the periosteum
Periostitis is characteristic of the lower jaw. The problem is caused by caries or infectious diseases (otitis media, tonsillitis).
The disease is accompanied by an increase in temperature, lethargy, general malaise. The patient complains that the gum hurts at the end of the lower jaw, in rare cases the neck swells, the submandibular lymph nodes become inflamed (we recommend reading: for what reasons does the jaw near the ear hurt and what to do?).
Tooth cyst
This dental disease is accompanied by the appearance of a neoplasm at the top of the root of the bone unit. A round-shaped cavity of fibrous tissue is filled with pus, most often it is formed due to infection in the root canals. The cyst also appears when the tooth germ is infected, the growth of the "eight", with chronic periodontitis, after tooth extraction.
Cyst formation on third molars is a common occurrence. The condition is dangerous because through the “hood” of the neoplasm, bacteria enter the root of the tooth and jaw bones, leading to infection of the tissues. The development of the disease is accompanied by severe pain, the appearance of flux and suppuration.
What to do with pain and swelling of the gums in the area of \u200b\u200bthe last tooth?
Traditional treatment
Treatment is prescribed according to the cause of the discomfort. If the disease is not in an advanced stage, it will be possible to get by with medications that relieve inflammation and clean the tartar.
When the discomfort is caused by the appearance of the third molar, there is no need to panic. If the wisdom tooth grows normally, then unpleasant symptoms can be alleviated:
- rinse your mouth with Chlorhexedine and Miramistin;
- apply anesthetic gels Holisal and Kamistad to the gums;
- contact a dental surgeon to make an incision in the gums (if a hematoma is formed to ensure blood outflow).
With severe discomfort, you need to drink an anesthetic drug. To reduce pain use:
- Adolor tablets - the effect occurs after 20 minutes and lasts 4-5 hours;
- drugs Ketanov, Ketorol, Nise, Nurofen - act from 1-2 to 4-5 hours.
It is worth remembering that medications briefly eliminate an unpleasant symptom. As soon as possible, you need to seek help from a specialist. Taking funds in excess of the dose can cause poisoning.
In the treatment of gums for any disease, physiotherapeutic methods help well: laser, electrophoresis, massage. Such methods of therapy relieve inflammation, relieve pain and bleeding.
Sometimes you can not do without contacting a surgeon:
- Flux is a condition that requires urgent treatment (we recommend reading: how to remove a tumor and treat flux at home?). The doctor releases the liquid that has collected in the gum by making an incision on it. The outflow of pus and ichor is provided by the established rubber drainage. Therapy is accompanied by taking antibiotics and rinsing the mouth with Chlorhexedine or another antiseptic.
- Treatment of periodontitis is to remove the stone and plaque, after which the specialist reduces the gum pockets.
- "Eight" is subject to removal according to indications. These include the inclined state of the tooth, the presence of carious cavities on it, purulent inflammation, and cysts. Also, a bone unit is torn out if it provokes the development of sinusitis.
Folk remedies
If it is not possible to get to a specialist in the next couple of days, then the pain can be eliminated with home remedies:
They cope well with inflammation and discomfort of rinsing using herbal decoctions:
- 2 tbsp sage pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave for an hour. Rinse as often as possible, after eating - be sure.
- 6 tbsp oak bark pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, soak for 10 minutes over low heat. Irrigate the mouth several times a day. The tool has a bactericidal effect, reduces inflammation and swelling.
- Add 2 tbsp to a glass of boiling water. chamomile, insist 30 minutes. Rinse your mouth 5-6 times a day.
It is worth remembering that pain is often associated with infectious diseases, which can lead to serious consequences. It is almost impossible to completely get rid of discomfort and inflammation with local remedies.
Prevention of pain
In order not to face diseases of the oral cavity and pain, you need to follow certain rules:
- Brush your teeth twice a day, using not only toothpaste, but also flossing. Rinse your mouth after eating to reduce the risk of cavities.
- Eat healthy foods rich in vitamins, eat foods containing calcium.
- Seek treatment for dental problems early.
- Visit the dentist twice a year, even if there are no dental problems. A professional examination will allow you to identify caries at an early stage and start therapy.
If your gums are swollen and sore at the end of the lower jaw, this indicates an inflammatory process. In this case, it is necessary to get an appointment with a dentist as soon as possible to find out the causes of inflammation and prescribe adequate treatment. There are many factors that can provoke such symptoms, and we will consider the most likely of them below.
Causes of pain in the gums at the end of the lower jaw
Periodontitis
If symptoms such as swelling and redness of the gums, its bleeding, soreness are observed, this may indicate a fairly common disease - periodontitis. With this pathology, the inflammatory process affects the gum tissue that surrounds and holds the tooth. The progression of the disease leads to suppuration, loosening and loss of teeth. The main cause of periodontitis is the development of a bacterial infection in the oral cavity against the background of:
- weakening of the immune system;
- insufficient oral hygiene;
- tartar formation, etc.
Periostitis
In the case when the gum at the end of the jaw is inflamed, its hyperemia and soreness are observed, as well as swelling of the cheeks and chin, an increase in the submandibular lymph nodes, periostitis may develop. This disease consists in the course of an infectious-inflammatory process in the tissues of the periosteum. Most often, the pathology affects the lower jaw. It can also increase body temperature and cause headaches. Both odontogenic infections (caries, periodontitis, etc.) and non-odontogenic factors can provoke periostitis:
- lympho- and hematogenous (otitis media, tonsillitis, measles, etc.);
- traumatic (surgical interventions, wounds, etc.).
Periodontitis
A common cause of pain and swelling of the gums is inflammation of the ligamentous apparatus of the tooth, which consists of connective tissue. This process is called periodontitis and is most often caused by the transfer of infection from neighboring tissues (mainly due to caries). Inflammation can also be provoked by mechanical trauma to the tooth and the penetration of certain potent medicines into the tissues. A characteristic symptom of the disease is increased sensitivity and pain when pressing on the tooth.
pericoronitis
With the appearance of redness, swelling and pain in the gums at the end of the lower jaw, the development of pericoronitis can be assumed. This pathology is an inflammation of the soft tissues of the gums surrounding the erupting tooth. This often happens with the growth of wisdom teeth. With such inflammation, not only the gum hurts, but it also becomes painful to swallow, open your mouth, talk, and your general well-being may also worsen. The main cause of pericoronitis is lack of space for an erupting tooth.
Tumors of the jaw
The cause of pain and swelling of the gums at the end of the jaw may be a tumor. There are many varieties of tumors of the lower jaw, among which are benign and cancerous, affecting different tissues - soft, connective or bone, etc. The main factors provoking the formation and growth of jaw tumors are injuries and long-term inflammatory diseases. 
processes in the tissues of the jaw. The most common are ameloblastomas - odontogenic tumors of the jaws that develop intraosseously and can grow into the soft tissues of the gums.
Treatment for pain in the gums at the end of the jaw
Methods of treatment are determined by the type of disease and the causes that caused it. In many cases, gum problems require the removal of dental plaque from the teeth, as well as the use of local antiseptic and anti-inflammatory drugs. In more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be required, as well as surgical treatment.
If you experience pain in the gums, at the end of the lower jaw, you need to start treatment and go to the clinic for examination by a dentist. There are many reasons for such symptoms and only a doctor can accurately diagnose.
Swelling after a visit to the dentist
Usually, when discomfort occurs when eating, people turn to the dentist, but sometimes the pain does not go away after treatment with him.
After the removal of the nerve, the pain remains for a couple of days, and discomfort also persists after an incorrect injection of an anesthetic. In such a situation, rinsing the mouth with a decoction of chamomile and soda diluted in water will help.
Gum pain during pregnancy
Girls have gum problems for a variety of reasons. The body, thus, reacts to hormonal surges, and during this period, immunity falls, due to which various bacteria and microorganisms begin to multiply rapidly. Therefore, during pregnancy in girls, gingivitis and periodontitis are the most common occurrence, even with proper care of the teeth and oral cavity.
In addition, gum disease can be due to a banal lack of vitamins. Any pregnant girl is obliged to eat food with a lot of vitamins and minerals, for the normal functioning of the body during such a period.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the most common periodontal disease. Its main cause is poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis often occurs at a young age, when the maturation process is underway. As in the case of pregnancy, this is due to hormonal activity and weak immunity.
When pain is felt at the end of the lower jaw, it is possible that the problem lies precisely in the extreme tooth, which is called the molar. Sometimes it happens that during caries, bacteria multiply because of which, inflammation of the gums begins. In this case, discomfort may occur during eating, but if the inflammation worsens, purulent discharge may begin. In addition to the threat of tooth loss, an infection may begin to spread throughout the oral cavity and the body as a whole.
It should be remembered that the most banal inflammation of the gums can eventually lead to meningitis.
Pericoronitis is an inflammation that occurs when teething is difficult or incorrect.
teeth. Basically, the gum hurts at the end of the lower jaw, when the molar (wisdom tooth) begins to erupt, which can grow for a couple of years and this process can be accompanied by various complications. This problem arises from the fact that there is simply no place for the teeth and, basically, this happens when they are initially incorrectly located.
When the wisdom tooth begins to grow, a gum hood appears above it. Inside it, an excellent environment is formed in order for bacteria to multiply. Inflammation occurs both from the process of teething and from chewing food.
The only way to treat such a situation is to surgically cut off the interfering hood and treat the wound. To reduce pain while at home, you can use the following tips:
- Drink special painkillers prescribed by a doctor;
- Do mouthwash. For this, a solution of chlorhexicidine or furacilin is suitable;
- Do not disturb the oral cavity.
Periodontitis is characterized by pain and bleeding of the gums. This ailment can affect the teeth and the upper jaw of the lower. Those tissues on which the tooth rests are affected, and if treatment is not started immediately, then it can be lost. The main cause of this disease is a common infection in the mouth.
It can arise due to such factors:
Periodontitis is a chronic disease and can return over time, so you should carefully monitor this so as not to aggravate the disease. He is treated only in hospitals and no folk remedies will completely help him heal.
Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the tissues that attach the tooth to the gum. This disease often develops if caries has not been treated, which is why the infection has moved to other tissues.
With periodontitis, the gum becomes inflamed and causes severe pain, especially when pressed.
To recover, you must first treat caries, its complications. In the most severe cases, you have to turn to antibiotics for help and even pull out a tooth.
Periostitis
Periostitis is a severe inflammation of the periosteum. With this disease, the gums mainly hurt at the end of the upper or lower jaw. The main danger here lies in the fact that periostitis passes the first time without symptoms. In this case, the layer that is inside the periosteum is first affected, and only then the outer one. Further, the gum swells up and there is severe pain at the end of the jaw. Most often, the edema passes to the neck and the surrounding lymph nodes begin to become inflamed, and this is characterized by fever and weakness. This disease is caused by simple caries and various infections, such as otitis media and measles.
Tumors of the jaw
The most dangerous cause of gum disease is tumors. They can be both on the lower and on the upper jaw. The tumor is benign and malignant and can grow rapidly, affecting neighboring tissues.
The main reason for their occurrence are injuries and a long process of inflammation. The most common diagnosis is ameloblastoma. It is an odontogenic tumor of the jaw and grows intraosseously. In advanced cases, it is transferred to the gum tissue.
Whatever the cause of gum pain at the end of the lower jaw, a dentist should diagnose it. To avoid diseases and their further complications, it is necessary to observe oral hygiene and go to the doctor 1-2 times a year.
With catarrhal gingivitis, patients complain of pain, discomfort, burning sensation and fullness in the gums, which appear on their own and intensify ( intensify) while eating ( especially hot, salty, sour). Pain is accompanied by swelling of the gums, bleeding while eating and brushing teeth, bad breath. Catarrhal gingivitis is a reversible process and with timely and adequate treatment passes.
Hypertrophic gingivitis
Hypertrophic gingivitis is characterized by a chronic course with periods of remission ( weakening or disappearance of symptoms) and exacerbations. The clinical picture is more pronounced during exacerbation. In the period of remission, clinical symptoms are mild or may be absent. This form of gingivitis is localized mainly in the area of the front teeth.
Hypertrophic gingivitis occurs in two forms:
- edematous gingivitis, which is characterized by pain when brushing your teeth, when eating. In addition to pain, the edematous form of gingivitis is manifested by swelling of the interdental papillae, bleeding gums. Also characteristic is the formation of periodontal pockets, which, unlike periodontitis, are false.
- fibrous gingivitis, which is not characterized by pain, bleeding and swelling, more often patients complain of a violation of aesthetics due to gum deformation.
Pain in the gums and burning sensation with ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis of a mild form, as a rule, worries while eating. With ulcerative-necrotic gingivitis of moderate severity and severe gingivitis, patients are worried about severe pain, fever, weakness, lack of appetite, ulceration of the gums, increased salivation. This form of gingivitis is characterized by the presence of symptoms of general intoxication.
Desquamative gingivitis
This form of gingivitis is characterized by intense hyperemia, the presence of erosive areas on the gums that do not bleed, but are very painful and sensitive to chemical and thermal stimuli. Most often, this form of the disease appears against the background of hypertrophic gingivitis.
The clinical course of desquamative gingivitis is cyclical and occurs in three stages. The first stage is the acute appearance of gingival inflammation with soreness, hyperemia and erosion. This is followed by a gradual easing of symptoms and a period of remission. Such cycles appear every 1-2 years.
Pain in the gums with periodontal disease
Parodontosis is a disease of the periodontium, which is characterized by its dystrophic lesion. This disease covers all structures of the periodontium.Periodontal disease in dental practice is much less common than other diseases. This disease affects approximately 3-5% of the population.
The main complaint of patients is pain in the gums, accompanied by itching and increased sensitivity in the neck of the tooth. In the initial stages of the disease, patients usually do not present complaints. The first symptoms that force the patient to see a doctor appear when the neck of the tooth is exposed due to a pathological process.
The severity of the disease is determined by the degree of exposure of the neck of the tooth and the level of decrease in the height of the interdental septum. In a severe form of the disease, the tooth is exposed to the roots, pathological tooth mobility appears. Periodontal pockets do not form during periodontal disease. With moderate and severe severity, pathological tooth mobility is possible.
Gum pain due to periodontitis
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues that leads to the destruction of the periodontium and the alveolar process of the jaw. Also, with periodontitis, the ligamentous apparatus of the periodontium is destroyed.With periodontitis, patients complain of pain, which, as a rule, is constant and can be pulsating or jerking.
Depending on the affected area, periodontitis can be of two types - localized periodontitis and generalized periodontitis. With a localized form, the inflammatory process affects the area of one or more teeth. This disease is often found in dental practice. The generalized form of the disease is more severe. With this form, patients complain of pain in the neck of the tooth. Pain usually appears as a response to chemical and thermal stimuli.
An objective examination of a patient with periodontitis reveals the following signs of the disease:
- periodontal pockets - the main characteristic feature of periodontitis;
- subgingival tartar and plaque;
- bleeding gums;
- tooth mobility;
- discharge of pus with pressure on the affected area;
- bad breath;
- positive Schiller-Pisarev test ( intensive staining of the gums with Schiller-Pisarev solution).
The severity of the disease is determined by three factors:
- depth of periodontal pockets;
- degree of bone resorption ( bone destruction);
- tooth mobility, which is the first, second and third degree ( the third degree is the most severe).
Severity of periodontitis
| Signs of the disease | Light degree | Average degree | Severe degree |
| Depth of periodontal pockets | 3.5mm | 5.5mm | 5 - 6 mm |
| Tooth mobility | Not | 1 - 2 degrees | 2 - 3 degrees |
| Degree of bone resorption | The initial stage of resorption. | Resorption of the bone tissue of the interdental septa by 1/3 or 1/2 of their height. | Bone resorption of interdental septa more than 1/2 of their height. |
Pain in the gums with mechanical damage
Mechanical damage to the gums can be acute and chronic. With acute mechanical damage ( in dental procedures and injuries) there is a violation of the integrity of the tissues, which causes pain. Ulceration or erosion may appear at the site of injury ( superficial epithelial defect). As a rule, if such wounds are not secondarily infected and are not deep, they heal quickly and the pain disappears. With chronic mechanical damage, pain appears gradually. The severity of symptoms depends on the duration and intensity of mechanical irritation. Initially, a feeling of discomfort appears at the site of injury, then soreness, swelling, redness.Mechanical damage caused by the traumatic action of dentures usually causes one of the forms of periodontitis - prosthetic periodontitis ( inflammation of the periodontium due to the traumatic effect of prostheses). Prosthetic periodontitis is not characterized by generalization of the process. It usually develops in the area of gum injury. Also, this form of the disease is characterized by a wide variety of clinical manifestations in a small area of the lesion.
Treatment of pathologies that cause pain in the gums
Pathologies that cause gum pain are usually treated in dental clinics. On the one hand, the treatment must be directed locally and can be medical, surgical and physiotherapeutic. On the other hand, in severe forms of gum disease, treatment should also be aimed at strengthening the body as a whole. If gum pain is caused by an internal disease, then in order to get rid of this symptom, it is necessary to treat the causative disease. It is very important for the treatment of gum pain to teach the patient proper oral care, since this factor often leads to pain in the gums and frequent relapses ( recurrence) of this symptom even after treatment. The key to successful treatment and prevention of recurrence of gum pain is to eliminate the cause of its occurrence. Which doctor should I contact for the treatment of pathologies that cause pain in the gums?
Pain in the gums should alert a person to seek medical help. The faster he does this, the greater the likelihood of a cure and the less the likelihood of complications.The following specialists can deal with the treatment of pathologies that cause pain in the gums:
- dentist;
- periodontist;
- orthopedist;
- orthodontist;
- dental hygienist;
- general practitioner.
Tactics for treating the causes of gum pain
Treatment of pathologies leading to pain in the gums is based, in general, on the same principles. In the treatment, the drug method, physiotherapy, and surgical intervention are used. In the treatment of each individual pathology has its own characteristics.The tactics of treating the causes of pain in the gums has its own characteristics in the treatment of the following pathologies:
- gingivitis;
- periodontal disease;
- periodontitis;
- mechanical damage.
In the treatment of gingivitis, the main place is occupied by local treatment, which consists in eliminating the causes of pain in the gums and the inflammatory process. There are a large number of methods and tactics for the treatment of gingivitis, but each time they are selected individually for each patient.
Conservative treatments for gingivitis include:
- Removal of dental deposits carried out with the help of special tools and apparatus ( hooks, excavators, ultrasonic equipment). This is the very first stage of the treatment of gingivitis, without which the therapy has a low and short-term effectiveness. Without this manipulation, the likelihood of recurrence is very high ( reappearances). After removing dental plaque, the gums are treated with antiseptic solutions.
- Prescribing anti-inflammatory drugs. Anti-inflammatory drugs relieve inflammation, eliminate pain. The most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs are ibuprofen, nimesulide, paracetamol in the form of tablets.
- Prescribing antimicrobials (furatsilin, chlorhexidine) in the form of applications, gels. In practice, drugs with a wide spectrum of action are used. It is advisable to prescribe antimicrobial therapy according to the result of the antibiogram ( sensitivity to antibiotics).
- Keratoplastic agents, which are stimulators of epithelial regeneration. Such funds are prescribed in the form of gels ( solcoseryl, actovegin), oils ( sea buckthorn oil, rosehip oil, solutions of vitamins A and E).
- Physical Methods. The physical methods of treating this pathology include hydromassage, electrophoresis of calcium preparations, darsonvalization ( the effect on the body of impulse currents of high frequency), diathermocoagulation ( cutting or removing tissues by raising the temperature of tissues due to the action of high frequency current).
- hormone therapy (corticosteroids) in the form of injections into the gums, ointments and dressings with corticosteroids are prescribed for the edematous form of gingivitis. The goal of hormone therapy is to relieve swelling, redness, and soreness.
- Sclerotherapy. This method of treatment is prescribed for the ineffectiveness of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents and helps to stop the progression of the hypertrophic process. Sclerotherapy is performed by injecting hypertonic solutions into the interdental papillae ( calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, ethyl alcohol, glucose) under local anesthesia.
Surgical treatments for gingivitis include the following:
- Excision of the gums in the affected area. In the presence of an ulcerative necrotic process, necrotic areas are removed after anesthesia of the affected area.
- Removal of interdental papillae with hypertrophic gingivitis by the following methods - the classical method, cryodestruction ( tissue removal with liquid nitrogen), diathermocoagulation.
This disease is more difficult to treat than periodontitis and gingivitis. The tactics of treating periodontal disease is based on improving blood supply and stimulating the regeneration of affected tissues. Treatment is carried out simultaneously with the elimination of the action of the etiological factor.
The main methods of treatment of periodontal disease are:
- Hydrotherapy. In hydrotherapy, the therapeutic factor is water, which helps to improve microcirculation. Hydrotherapy is prescribed both locally and as a general method. Patients are prescribed general baths, swimming, contrast showers. In this case, we talk about the effect of temperature. Moreover, both cold water and warm water are used. As a local treatment, baths and hydromassage are prescribed.
- Phototherapy. Phototherapy includes laser radiation, local magnetotherapy, which help to improve microcirculation.
- Massage. The massage technique may include, in addition to hydromassage, vacuum massage, automassage ( finger massage), vibration massage. Massage is carried out in order to improve local blood circulation and at the same time reduce gum bleeding. Automassage can be carried out by the patient at home after brushing his teeth. The positive effect of massage is observed after 15 - 20 procedures.
- electrophoresis calcium preparations, vitamins of group B, fluorine, zinc, tannin, aminocaproic acid, trental.
Tactics for the treatment of periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis is carried out in stages. Initially, it is etiotropic ( aimed at the cause of the disease). After eliminating the cause, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory therapy, and only after it can physiotherapeutic methods of treatment be prescribed. The main methods in the treatment of periodontitis are surgical methods, since usually only with their help it is possible to completely cure the disease.
If periodontitis is caused by a somatic disease, the dentist deals with symptomatic treatment. And the doctor of the corresponding profile is engaged in the treatment of the underlying disease. This is a very important condition, since without treatment of the underlying disease, symptomatic treatment of periodontitis may help for a short time or have no effect at all.
In the treatment of periodontitis, the following methods are used:
- Antibacterial therapy. Of the antibacterial drugs, drugs with a wide spectrum of action are most often prescribed, which are active against the largest possible number of microorganisms that are involved in the occurrence of periodontitis.
- Anti-inflammatory therapy. Of the anti-inflammatory drugs, preference is given to ibuprofen, indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid ( aspirin). Anti-inflammatory drugs are used in both local and general treatment.
- Curettage ( scraping) . Curettage of periodontal pockets is a mandatory procedure in the treatment of periodontitis. Curettage is performed if the depth of periodontal pockets does not exceed 5 mm. During this procedure, surgical excision of the gums is not performed. Curettage is performed after infiltration anesthesia ( anesthesia of the mucous membrane, teeth and periosteum). The doctor cleans the pocket cavity, removes subgingival calculus and cement from the affected areas, and then processes the bottom of the periodontal pocket. At the end of the procedure, the gum is pressed against the tooth and a protective bandage is applied, which is recommended to be changed at least once every two days.
- Gingival plastic surgery. This operation is performed with a significant exposure of the neck of the tooth and consists in closing the defect with a flap moved laterally ( from adjacent tooth).
- Gingivotomy- This is a cut of the gums. The dissection is carried out for the purpose of further open curettage. After anesthesia, an incision is made in the gum in the projection of the periodontal pocket, thus gaining free access to it. Next, open curettage is performed. After the procedure, the incision is closed with sutures. It is not recommended to treat more than three periodontal pockets at the same time.
- Flap operations pursue the following goal - the resumption of bone growth after the elimination of periodontal pockets. Flap operations are performed using two types of flaps - full ( which consists of epithelium, connective tissue and periosteum) and split ( composed of epithelium and connective tissue).
- Radical gingivoosteoplasty carried out with generalized periodontitis with a pocket depth of more than 6 mm. This operation is highly effective even in severe forms of the disease. It is performed under anesthesia. The gingival papillae are dissected, the flap is exfoliated. After that, dental deposits located under the gum are removed. Osteoplasty is performed using lyophilized ( dried) bone meal. Next, sutures are placed on the incisions, the flap is fixed with a special bandage. After surgery, anti-inflammatory drugs are usually prescribed.
Tactics of treatment of mechanical damage to the gums
The first and main link in the treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is the elimination of the effect of the traumatic factor. The further goal of treatment is to eliminate inflammation, disruption of tissue integrity, stimulate the regeneration of damaged tissues and prevent complications.
To treat mechanical damage to the gums, the following therapeutic methods are used:
- Elimination of the damaging factor (prosthesis correction) is a key moment in the treatment of this pathological condition.
- Treatment of wounds, which consists in removing necrotic areas, treating the damaged area with antiseptic preparations.
- Prescribing anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve swelling, hyperemia, pain and restore gum function.
- Antibacterial therapy is prescribed to prevent the suppurative process in the gums.
- Keratoplastic agents are prescribed to accelerate epithelialization ( regeneration of damaged gums). These drugs are available in the form of oils, ointments. With their use, applications are made that are used 3 times a day.
- Painkillers usually prescribed for acute mechanical damage and high intensity of the pain syndrome.
Terms of treatment and prognosis of diseases accompanied by pain in the gums
With timely treatment, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies that cause pain in the gums, the prognosis is favorable. However, patients often postpone visiting a doctor until the last moment, which leads to serious complications.The timing of the treatment of the causes of gum pain depends on the following factors:
- a disease that caused pain in the gums;
- form of the disease acute, chronic);
- the severity of the disease;
- patient's age;
- aggressiveness and sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics;
- localization of the lesion;
- the volume of the affected area ( localized or generalized lesions);
- time to see a doctor;
- the general state of the organism and its reactivity in particular.
The most favorable is the prognosis for gingivitis. This is due to the fact that with this disease there is no damage to the dentogingival junction. After elimination of the causative factor and treatment, a complete recovery is usually observed. With periodontitis and periodontal disease, treatment is considered successful if it is possible to stabilize the pathological process and prevent the progression of the disease. The cure of mechanical damage to the gums largely depends on the depth and intensity of the lesion.
Typically, courses of treatment are prescribed for 7 to 10 days. During this period, in diseases with mild and moderate severity, pain disappears, inflammation symptoms and the patient's condition improves. Diseases with complications require a longer period of treatment. The prognosis in such cases is less favorable.
Prevention of pain in the gums
Prevention is very important in case of gum pain, as it is usually a condition that can be prevented by following simple preventive measures.To prevent gum pain, you must adhere to the following rules:
- periodic visits to the dentist in order to timely diagnose and prevent complications of diseases;
- regular brushing of teeth 2 times a day);
- rinsing the mouth with special therapeutic and prophylactic and hygienic solutions;
- rational nutrition, including a high content of vitamins, minerals in accordance with age norms.
Why does the gum hurt when teething wisdom teeth?
Third molars ( wisdom teeth) erupt at the age of 12-26 years on the lower jaw and at the age of 17-22 years on the upper jaw. This process can be asymptomatic, but often the eruption of wisdom teeth is accompanied by pain in the gums and a deterioration in the general condition. In the process of growth, wisdom teeth gradually contribute to the "stretching" of the gums, through which they must erupt. When teething, the gum in this place is torn. This, in turn, promotes the release of mediators ( substances that regulate inflammation) and the development of the inflammatory process. Teething pain usually does not last long, as it is caused by a physiological process that is temporary.
Pain in the gums during the eruption of wisdom teeth occurs for the following reasons:
- Insufficient space for teeth to erupt- this is the main cause of pain in this process. The fact is that the jaw is already formed by the time of its eruption, in contrast to the moment of eruption of the remaining teeth. In this regard, this tooth has to overcome a serious obstacle, which leads to mechanical damage to the gums and the development of an inflammatory process.
- pericoronitis is an inflammation of the hood ( part of the gingival mucosa that covers part of a tooth that has not yet erupted). This condition occurs when teething is a very long process, which becomes a chronic mechanical irritant for the gum, which becomes inflamed as a result. Also, the hood creates favorable conditions for the accumulation of food, which provokes the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microflora, inflammation of the gums.
- Incorrect tooth growth. Often there is such a situation when wisdom teeth grow in the wrong direction ( towards the cheek, tongue, adjacent molars). This situation is accompanied by pain. And the third molars, which grow towards adjacent teeth ( "horizontal wisdom tooth"), gradually destroy them and the deformation of the entire dentition occurs. This condition can result in pathological tooth mobility and create favorable conditions for the development of infection. Also, an improperly growing tooth can contribute to nerve compression, which can be accompanied by jaw numbness. This is more common in the case of lower third molars, which can affect the mandibular nerve. Teeth that grow towards the cheek or tongue can injure the oral mucosa and tongue.
Some doctors advise removing all third molars due to the fact that they are of little importance from a functional point of view. To remove this tooth, it is necessary to proceed only if there are indications for this. Such indications are the incorrect position of the tooth, the negative impact on the adjacent teeth and the dentition as a whole, the presence of an inflammatory process.
Why does the gum hurt after tooth extraction?
When a tooth is removed, a mechanical violation of the integrity of the gum tissue occurs. Pain appears after this procedure, when the effect of local anesthesia wears off ( anesthesia). Usually it is aching in nature, but not intense. There may also be some slight swelling. If the pain persists for the first two days after tooth extraction, this is a physiological phenomenon. It takes time for the wound that formed after the extraction of the tooth to heal, after which the pain disappears. Common complications that appear after tooth extraction and are manifested by pain in the gums are:
- Incomplete root extraction, as a result of this, an inflammatory process develops with suppuration of the wound and the gums begin to hurt.
- wound infection may be due to non-observance of personal hygiene by the patient, poor-quality treatment of the well by a doctor, weak immunity.
- Osteomyelitis of the jaw. This is a lesion of bone tissue and bone marrow of the upper or lower jaw. This condition is often characterized by generalization ( spread), which leads to damage to the entire skeletal system of the body.
- Dry hole. A hole is a cavity that forms after a tooth is removed. A blood clot should form in it, which protects the nerve endings and bone. If this clot does not form or falls out, then there is a risk of infection of the socket and the appearance of severe pain in the gums.
- Lunar bleeding. Lunar bleeding is primary ( when bleeding occurs immediately after tooth extraction) and secondary ( a certain time after deletion).
If the following symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor:
- severe pain 2 to 3 days after tooth extraction;
- pain when touching the hole, while eating; The gum at the end of the jaw most often hurts due to the occurrence of an inflammatory process in periodontal tissues or in the process of teething wisdom teeth. Pain at the end of the jaw, especially if it is of high intensity, makes it difficult to eat, talk.
- Gingivitis is an inflammatory process in the gums. This disease occurs in almost 100% of the adult population. This pathological condition is characterized by bleeding, swelling, soreness of the gums when brushing your teeth and eating. Gingivitis with timely medical intervention is completely curable.
- Periodontitis- This is an inflammation of the periodontium, which, with a progressive course, leads to its destruction. In periodontitis, periodontal pockets form.
- periodontal disease- this is a disease of the periodontal tissue, which is accompanied by a violation of microcirculation and trophism ( food) periodontal.
- Periostitis of the jaw- this is inflammation of the periosteum of the alveolar process or the entire jawbone. This disease is accompanied by swelling, pain in the gums, which can radiate ( give away) in the ear, eye, temporal region.
- Consequence of tooth extraction which include bleeding, suppuration of the hole after extraction, incomplete tooth extraction.
- pericoronitis is an inflammation of the hood ( the part of the gum that is above the wisdom tooth) during the eruption of the wisdom tooth. This disease can be accompanied by severe pain in this area, swelling and redness of the gums.
- ointments ( traumeel C);
- rinse solutions ( chlorhexidine, miramistin);
- gels ( metronidazole, cholisal, camistad);
- applications that relieve swelling, soothe the gums for a certain time;
- medicated toothpastes paradontax, lacalut).
- Oak bark tincture. To prepare this medicine, you need 1.5 tsp. oak bark pour 200 ml of boiling water, keep in a water bath for about 15 minutes. It is recommended to rinse your mouth with tincture several times a day. Oak bark has an anti-inflammatory, firming and disinfecting effect.
- Sage tincture. 2 tbsp. l. sage pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and insist 1 hour. After that, you need to strain and cool. After that, you can start rinsing the mouth. Sage has antimicrobial, astringent and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Chicory root. Requires 1 tbsp. l. small chicory root pour 1 cup boiling water, cook for 5 minutes, cool. It is recommended to rinse your mouth 3-4 times a day. Chicory relieves pain and inflammation.
- Rinse solution with baking soda and salt. To prepare the solution, one teaspoon of soda and salt is dissolved in warm water. Rinse your mouth as often as possible until the pain disappears. This solution is a good antiseptic that helps with pain relief. You can also add a few drops of iodine or Lugol's solution to this solution.
- Turnip decoction. Two tablespoons of chopped turnips should be poured with water, brought to a boil and kept on fire for 15 minutes. Then you need to let the broth cool, after which you can rinse your mouth. Turnip contains the necessary vitamins for teeth. It protects bone tissue from disease.
- Propolis tincture. Propolis relieves swelling, soothes the gums and has an antibacterial effect.
- Camomile tea. One teaspoon of chamomile flowers pour water. Allow to cool and rinse your mouth at least 3 times a day. Chamomile reduces the intensity of pain, relieves inflammation of the gums.
- Cold compress. Apply ice to the outside of the cheek for 15 to 20 minutes. The cold will temporarily soothe and relieve severe pain.
The factor that leads to the appearance of pain at the end of the jaw is the lowest level of oral hygiene in this area. The teeth located at the end of the jaw are less accessible for cleaning, which creates favorable conditions for the development of the inflammatory process. Medical procedures are also sometimes difficult to carry out in this area.
Teething is the most common cause of this symptom. In this process, the pain appears suddenly, can be held for a long time, be constant or appear periodically and disappear again. May be accompanied by fever, weakness, fatigue. All these symptoms are temporary and disappear after teething.
Also common causes of gum pain at the end of the jaw are:
How can you treat gum pain at home?
You can cure gum disease at home with medicines and folk remedies. Means used in the treatment of pain in the gums, can be local and general action. It is recommended that you consult your doctor before using them. Topical preparations include:
Among the solutions and decoctions that help relieve gum pain at home, the following can be distinguished:
