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"Acquaints readers with the Ivatsevichi Museum of History and Local Lore and its branch - the memorial complex of partisan glory" Khovanshchina ", where you can see the reconstruction of partisan life.
The Ivatsevichi Museum of History and Local Lore was opened in 1996 on the basis of the People's Museum of the pioneer-hero Kolya Goishik. Now the museum is located in a building built in the mid-20th century, which has a rather rich history: at first it was a hotel, and now it houses the museum's exposition.
A branch of the museum - the memorial complex "Khovanshchina" is very popular among visitors to the city. It is located in a forest tract near the village of Korochin, Ivatsevichi district.
Capturing German officers and policemen
The memorial was created in 1971 at the request of the Brest Regional Council of Veterans. In August 1998, it was transferred by the Brest Regional Museum of Local Lore to the Department of Culture of the Ivatsevichi Regional Executive Committee as a branch of the Ivatsevichi Museum of History and Local Lore.
In "Khovanshchina" the wartime atmosphere is recreated. The museum tells how the guerrillas lived during the Second World War, thanks to an interactive reconstruction.
Interrogation of a captive officer
The memorial complex is located on a piece of land surrounded by swamps and ditches. This is an islet in the thick of the forest, to which, as in the past, only one masonry leads. But during the war years, the masonry was buried in water and was completely invisible from the air. Now there is a bridge. It is raised above the water so that current visitors do not get their feet wet.
Descendants of the partisans
One of the memorial signs was installed at the entrance to the complex. It is a reminder that in the harsh years of the war here, in the Khovanshchina tract, in 1943-1944 the headquarters of the Brest partisan formation, the regional Communist Party committee, the regional Komsomol committee and the underground editorial office of the newspaper Zarya were located.
This memorial is a page of the living and imperishable history of the military deeds of fathers and grandfathers. It is open to the younger generation. This is a tribute to the grateful memory of those who fell in fierce battles for the freedom, honor and independence of our Motherland. An excursion to the Khovanshchina museum complex is a lesson in courage and patriotism, - says Raisa Gorbach, director of the Ivatsevichi Museum of History and Local Lore. - Therefore, it takes place in such a lively format, with the reconstruction of historical events.
The action takes place at all objects of the complex: in the headquarters of the partisan unit, in the editorial office of the regional newspaper Zarya, in the regional committee of the Komsomol, in the medical unit, in the forest school. Before the eyes of the visitors, the partisan camp lives its own life.
One day in the life of a partisan detachment
Participants of the interactive action
In the dugouts you will see sun loungers, tables, benches used by the partisans.
The headquarters is developing a plan for a combat operation, the editorial office is making up the next issue of the Zarya newspaper, the Komsomol is actively preparing for the conference, and the medical unit is treating wounded partisans.
Komsomol members draw up a wall newspaper
In the editorial office of the newspaper "Zarya" you can see photographs, some issues of the newspaper itself, a leaflet with an appeal to young people.
A summary of the Information Bureau is printed
In the headquarters itself there are photographs of the commanders of partisan detachments, documents, leaflets, newspapers (copies), bowlers, lamps, a field bag, an ink set. Visitors' attention is always drawn to the map of the development of the partisan movement in the Brest region. The authenticity of the furnishings is made up of two loungers, benches, a long table, and a stove.
There are lessons in the forestry school. Children write letters to the front, they think. Together with the teacher, they dream of victory, of a peaceful life, in which there will be beautiful schools with spacious and bright classrooms, gyms and swimming pools.
In the school you can see desks, benches, a blackboard, a teacher's desk, and even real textbooks from the 1930s-1940s!
Lesson in the forest school
The partisans who have come from the mission are eating around the fire. The accordion player plays military melodies, women sing songs, cooks treat partisan porridge, bacon with bread to everyone.
What a delicious partisan porridge
Guerrilla wedding
Visitors to the interactive reconstruction often describe the naturalness of the action, it seems that time turned back and we all became participants in those distant events.
The interactive action is not repeated. Every year a new script is written, new participants are involved.
About 5 thousand people visit the Khovanshchina memorial every year, most of them are residents of the city and district, schoolchildren of the Ivatsevichy, Baranovichi, Berezovsky districts and the city of Brest, Bobruisk, as well as foreign delegations (France, Denmark, Germany, Australia). Guests came from Moscow, Chelyabinsk, Smolensk, Kiev, Chernigov.
On the basis of the memorial complex, bicycle and auto rallies, tourist rallies are annually held, correspondents of Russian media, schoolchildren and students from Russia come here as part of the action "Little Heroes of the Great War" on the patriotic education of youth, participants in the pilot project of the UNESCO youth club "Unity" ( Moscow), together with the activists of children's and youth organizations in Brest, participants in the socio-political action dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the liberation of Belarus from Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War, "From Minsk to Berlin", "Youth of the Union State on the way to a culture of peace and harmony ”, veteran organizations of Belarus.
In the year of the anniversary of the Victory, we decided to talk about the partisan camp located in the Sporovskie bogs in the Khovanshchina tract (now the Ivatsevichi district), and see what is there now. In fact, this is a borderland, and the history of this place is inextricably linked with Berezovschina. Many residents of nearby villages - Sporovo, Peski and others - were partisans, many were in contact with them.
As a guide, they took with them Fyodor Stepanovich Trutko, who spent the entire war in the partisan detachment. And one of our goals was to find out if there is now a direct road to Khovanshchina from our area. Attempts to find out from the residents of Sand and Sporovo have led nowhere. Therefore, we went there bypassing through Ivatsevichi. By the way, in the Ivatsevichi Museum you can order a thematic excursion, but we decided to use the services of F.S. Trutko.
“Once upon a time there was a road from Korochin (a village in the Ivatsevichi district) to Peski, people rode horses, logged firewood,” says the guide. - For more than a kilometer from Sand, the road went through a very swampy swamp, there was rowing, and no equipment would have passed along it. In places the horses could not stretch their legs. But we got through on horses somehow, in winter it was easier. "
Forest roads led us to the sign "Memorial complex of partisan glory" Khovanshchina ". Not a soul is in place. Everything is clear: the places are swampy. You have to go to the memorial complex along a special and rather long bridge, towering over the swamp and lost somewhere among the trees. Fyodor Stepanovich says: “There was no road here, it was already done specifically for the museum. We walked here by paths. There were paths on land, and there were clutches in the water so that it was not visible from the planes. "
Reference sources report: “From April 1943 to July 1944, the Brest Underground Regional Committee of the CP (b) B, the Brest Underground Regional Committee of the LKSMB, the headquarters of the Brest Partisan Formation, the editorial office and printing house of the newspaper“ Zarya ”- the organ of the Brest Underground regional committee of KP (b) B.
The underground regional committee of the party carried out a great deal of organizational and political work to mobilize Soviet people to fight the German fascist invaders. Under his leadership, there were 2 underground inter-district committees, 10 underground district committees, the Brest underground city committee of the CP (b) B, 58 primary party organizations. In the party organization of the region, there were 1258 communists. The regional committee regularly issued war leaflets, appeals, reports of the Sovinformburo, etc., published the newspaper Zarya (early May 1943 - July 1944, editor VF Kaliberov).
The Brest partisan unit was created by the decision of the Brest Underground Regional Committee of the CP (b) B. Operated from April 1943 to July 1944 Commander - S.I. Sikorsky ("Sergei"), Chief of Staff - P.V. Pronyagin. By the time of the connection with the Red Army, 11 brigades, 13 separately operating detachments, more than 13 thousand partisans were united. The people's avengers struck at the enemy's communications, destroyed more than 60 thousand Nazis, blew up more than 26 thousand rails, 2,126 railway trains, 644 bridges on railways and highways, defeated 110 garrisons and enemy headquarters, conducted many other military operations. The commander of the formation S.I. Sikorsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. "
I will also add that our regional newspaper "Mayak", called "Flame" in those years, was also founded here.
In 1971, a memorial complex was created in the Khovanshchina tract - four wooden huts, two dugouts, a well, and a “forest school”. A shield with the text of the oath of the Belarusian partisan, other information stands and a large boulder with a commemorative inscription were installed.
The entrance to the dugouts is free, we carefully look into one of them. The construction breaks the usual ideas about dugouts. Sixty people could enter this minimum, from the equipment - only long wooden bunks.
“Initially, there was nothing in the Khovanshchina tract. First, we made dugouts, then we made houses from logs. A detachment named after Chertkov was located here, then people arrived, there were many families, with children, and the command decided to disconnect the people, separate the family detachment from the military. There were about 120 people in the fighting detachment, and several hundred lived in the family camp. The dugouts were a little warmed with potbelly stoves. I myself spent two winters in a dugout. They lay down so tightly to each other that if one gets up, he will induce everyone and it will be difficult to get a wedge back into place. "
We move on to the houses. In these huts, green from time to time, the doorways are barred, but you can see what is inside: roughly knitted tables and benches, lanterns, other utensils of that time, visual agitation and so on. Each house with a sign. Here is the headquarters of the partisan unit, the editorial office of the Zarya newspaper with an old typewriter and bubbles of ink, the regional committee of the Leningrad Komsomol Bureau (there is an accordion on the table inside), a medical unit (table, benches, bunks).
Fyodor Stepanovich and I walk around the camp on wooden decks. A former resident shows one of the places in the kitchen: “They chose several nearby trees with foliage, pulled and tied them by the tops, and a fire was made in this shelter. A bucket was hung over it, and then a cauldron - to cook for the whole detachment. The wood was collected dry so that there was less smoke. But they still used blackouts and tried to cook at night. Our task, boys, was to collect firewood. There was constant kitchen duty. "
We pass to the "forest school". Now these are two rows of wooden tables with benches. F.S. Trutko sits down in his place in the last row: “At that time our tables were not plank tables, but made of perches. And next to them lay armfuls of branches. Only in the sky will an enemy plane appear - we are under the tables, and upward are branches for disguise. The board was about the same as it is now. All children studied at the same time. The younger ones were sitting on the front small tables. They wrote on birch bark, on all kinds of German propaganda leaflets with coal. The first graders still kept a bag of yellow sand close at hand - they wrote numbers and letters on it on the ground near them. We had two teachers - Peter Ivanovich Ivanovsky - he taught literature and history, he knew a lot of works both in Belarusian and in Russian. And the mathematician Faina Petrovna Karabetian. "
“We also had our own weapons workshop. And the Tula gunsmith. Give him a rifle barrel - he will make a military weapon out of it. And we have always had weapons in business. The partisans even fired at steam locomotives from the edge of the forest from an anti-tank rifle with armor-piercing bullets, and mined the highway and railway at night. The locomotive was out of order. Until a repair tractor arrives from the station and the holes are riveted, the movement is paralyzed. Let it be at least two or three hours. But such things were done by adults. We, who are older, as well as women and old people, were trained in firepower training. Sometimes they took me on outings. I smelled a German a hundred meters away, they liked to scent with cologne. And especially if they still smoke tobacco ... I could smell ambushes far away. "
Taking this opportunity, I ask about some aspects of partisan life, omitted in books and memoirs:
- What did you smoke in your camp?
- Grass from under your feet.
- Did you drive moonshine?
- It was nothing. They took it from people. But only for needs, there was no drunkenness. Although for medicinal purposes, Peskovsky alcohol was more often used. There our man Alexander Kozhukh worked in the basement and brought us alcohol. For this I went to his house. He lived next to the brahma, near the distillery itself. I remember a case when one Yugoslav who surrendered to us was blown up by a mine. His leg was amputated with a hacksaw for metal. He was disinfected with alcohol, drank a glass of alcohol as anesthesia - and died asleep.
- There were women in the detachment. Have there been any weddings?
- Not. Everything was strict. Men were not allowed to enter the women's dugout. Once one disobeyed, for which the commander was shot on the spot.
- Where did you get the medicine?
- Were treated with herbs. I myself got sick with typhus in the camp. The Sporovites saved me, cured me with herbs. From time immemorial they did not know a doctor, they were treated with what nature gives.
- Did you make preparations for the winter?
- Yes, they picked mushrooms, berries, nuts, dried in the sun, over a fire.
- Hunted?
- Then there were more partisans than animals. Finding the beast was a problem. I don't know where they got to. Fish were caught together with the Sporovites on the lake. They caught constantly.
There were no animals - pigs, dogs, cats - in the camp. There were several dairy cows, milk for small children, wounded, sick. Huts for animals were made for the winter, hay was prepared.
We had one German in the camp. He did not want to fight and surrendered to us. Not all Germans who were driven to the front shared the Fuhrer's ideology. He was not taken on combat missions, he performed various work in the camp in the economic platoon. After the war he was released, he left for Germany.
- Are movies about the war, partisans and real life in a detachment very different?
- Yes. In the movie, everything is played. There is little reality, real life is not shown. It is not easy to restore it now. And nobody needs it.
- What is your message to the world?
- The most important thing is that there is friendship among the people. Our detachment was called international. It included Poles, Jews, Yugoslavs, Hungarians, and all the nationalities of the Union. I would like people to live good-neighborly even now.
We ask the hunters for directions and return directly to the Berezovsky district. On the way, Fyodor Stepanovich shows the place, the "forester", where during the war there was a partisan observation post. “Observers were constantly on duty at the tall spruce trees. When they knew that the Germans would go, the road was mined. We had our own post on the road, a machine-gun bunker. The Germans only once poked our way along this road, but came under fire and did not try again. "
The road took us to the village of Peski on the street. Partisan.
The partisan camp in Khovanshchina is worth a visit to everyone who has not been there yet. It is not far away, interesting, informative and provides good food for thought.
The memorial complex of partisan glory in the Khovanshchina tract, which is thirty kilometers from Ivatsevichi, was opened in 1971. During the Great Patriotic War, the headquarters of partisan detachments, the underground regional committees of the CPB and LKSMB, as well as the editorial office of the regional newspaper Zarya were located there. In the victorious 45th, the partisans made a promise to each other that every year they would meet there on the last Sunday of May. Today this tradition, started by war veterans, is supported by their children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. The Zarya.by correspondent also attended the festive events that took place this year for two days - on May 28 and 29.
Before us is a small, cozy forest glade. The chirping of birds, somewhere in the depths of the forest a cuckoo is heard. In summer, the hot sun barely rises above the tops of age-old fir trees, but its rays are already in the myriad beads of morning dew lying on the silk grass. Iridescent overflow with lights flashing here and there. Suddenly a horse jumps out of the forest into the clearing. The hooves mercilessly knock down the dew, it goes out, leaving long, ragged tracks ... The rider - a boy of fourteen years old, drives the horse from side to side. He rushes about the clearing, obviously looking for someone. A man in a paramilitary uniform, in a gray cap, with a rifle in his hands comes out of the forest.
Karnіki! Vyaduts z vyoski ў yar zhanchyn і dzatsey! I want to upset! Dapamazhytse! - shouts the guy, pulling on the reins and trying to keep the horse in place.
Skoki ў atrad na dapamogu! I'll cover it up. Get sleepy! - orders a man with a rifle.
As soon as the rider disappears into the forest, a discordant column of women and children emerges into the clearing under the escort of German soldiers and policemen. Women hug their children, screams and cries are heard. Punishers rush the villagers with commands and blows with butts, set up and prepare a machine gun for execution. The lamentations and despair of the doomed break the heart, but the punishers are relentless.
The main executioner raises his hand for the team, another moment and the "infernal machine" MG-42 will sow death. A shot is heard from the forest. The leader of the firing squad falls. Partisans run out into the clearing from the forest, causing punitive fire on themselves.
In the ensuing skirmish, women and children run to the protection of a thicket. The punishers, realizing that the partisan is alone and already wounded, attack, trying to surround him and take him prisoner, but the main forces of the partisan detachment approach in time and attack from three sides. The people's avengers roll out a 45 mm cannon and fire at the enemy. Punishers who did not expect such a turn of events in panic, the survivors surrender. Victory! The partisans, taking the wounded and prisoners, retreat to their camp.
At the beginning of the event, the reenactors of the Two Wars clubs from Ivatsevichi, the Garrison from Brest and the 4th air was tried to reproduce this picture of the wartime, which tells about one of the episodes of the Zditovskaya defense of the partisans in April 1944, for the veterans and guests. airborne corps "from Minsk.
At the memorial sign to the partisan unit, the director of the Ivatsevichi Museum of History and Local Lore, Raisa Gorbach, said that the partisan camp was on a small island in the middle of swamps. In addition to the headquarters, the editorial office of the Zarya newspaper, the underground regional committee, the commandant's platoon, scouts and messengers were housed in 2 dugouts. The whole camp was well camouflaged from the air by trees and bushes. It was not allowed to burn fires and heat stoves during the day. A torch and bowls with fat were used for lighting. Despite repeated attempts by the enemy to destroy the headquarters and defeat the partisan detachments in the course of punitive operations, during the entire existence of the Brest partisan formation, not a single enemy soldier entered the territory of Khovanshchina.
Now a narrow masonry bridge leads to a small island in the middle of a swamp in the forest.
Having passed through it, we again seemed to be transported to the war years. At the scouts' dugouts on a spread raincoat-tent, a group of partisans was preparing to go out on a mission - cleaning weapons, collecting ammunition and explosives. At the headquarters house, the detachment commander with the chief of staff, bending over a map, discussed intelligence. The radio operator tuned the radio station in anticipation of the communication session, and the guarantor soldier, waiting for orders, was slicing a branch with a knife.
The time of the communication session comes and the radio operator receives the radiogram. "Big Land" reports on the transfer of large enemy forces from the front to Ivatsevichi. The commanders decide to send a reconnaissance group to the area.
At the editorial office of the partisan newspaper they brought us a sheet of Zarya, still smelling of ink, with descriptions of the military deeds of the people's avengers. In the dugout-hospital, the partisan girls washed and dried bandages, moved bottles, counted medications, and bandaged the wounded.
We also visited the regional committee of the Komsomol, the "forest school".
The excursion ended in a forest glade, where the staff of the Ivatsevichi Museum of History and Local Lore treated us to bread prepared according to partisan recipes with nettles, buckwheat porridge and herbal tea.
