First trimester of pregnancy: the birth of a miracle! The first trimester of pregnancy: the size and weight of the fetus, the condition of the pregnant woman, the necessary tests What is in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

The first trimester of pregnancy is the most crucial time allotted by nature for a woman to carry a child: right now, all organs and systems of the baby are being formed. A scanty failure in this process can be the reason for the birth of a baby with congenital malformations, or even lead to death. All responsibility for the child rests with the potential mother: the way the baby will be born depends on her lifestyle at this difficult time.

As a rule, it is recognized that 1 trimester of pregnancy lasts 13 weeks. Some doctors prefer a different rule for dividing pregnancy into trimesters and argue that the first trimester of pregnancy lasts not 13, but 12 weeks, since during this period the significant organs of the embryo are already fully formed. Still, in this dispute, most experts are inclined towards 13 weeks, since this period is 1/3 of the total time of bearing a child.

What changes occur in a woman's body in the first trimester of pregnancy?

At this stage of pregnancy, the fertilized egg is gradually transformed into a little man. Certain transformations also occur in the body of the expectant mother:

• From the fact of conception in a woman's body, hormonal and physical metamorphoses occur, aimed at maintaining pregnancy, and in accordance with this, the first evidence of a potential pregnancy.
• Its most significant physiological sign is the absence of menstruation. It happens that there is discomfort localized in the lower abdomen. When this malaise is repeated occasionally, it is considered the norm.
• In some women, the 1st trimester of pregnancy is marked by toxicosis. This symptom is quite individual, since it does not occur in everyone (many feel the troubles of this condition in the second half of pregnancy), but toxicosis at the very beginning of gestation, as a rule, is much more common than late. Some girls have a slight nausea, some suffer only in the morning, and some feel sick all day. There are practically no medications for toxicosis, and as a result, the only salvation is to be patient and wait for the first half of pregnancy to end: then toxicosis will disappear. Nausea appears at 4-5 weeks of pregnancy, but sometimes it is felt in the first week - all due to the fact that the body during this period is going through not comic hormonal changes. Naturally, it is impossible to completely get rid of toxicosis, but it is quite possible to alleviate the condition and reduce its intensity. For example, eat little by little and in small portions, walk more often and periodically ventilate your room so that there is more fresh air in the apartment.
• Another sign of pregnancy is a feeling of discomfort in the mammary glands, heaviness, and an increase in their volume. So from the beginning of pregnancy, the woman's body is tuned to breastfeeding the baby.
• The uterus in the first trimester of pregnancy greatly increases in volume, thereby pressing on the bladder. Therefore, at this time, the urge to urinate is much more frequent than usual.
• As for the enlargement of the abdomen, it remains the same: by the end of the thirteenth week, the fetus grows only a few centimeters. On average, the tummy begins to be noticeable at about 16 weeks, that is, from 4 months.
• At this time, the pregnant woman often feels dizziness, lethargy, loss of strength, headache. Sometimes intrauterine development of the fetus initiates syncope. It is impossible to remove or reduce this condition with medical preparations, as it can adversely affect the formation of the child.
• Most potential mums develop constipation in the last trimester. However, if a pregnant woman does not eat correctly, difficulties with stool begin to worry her from the first months of bearing a baby. It is not recommended to endure and not treat prolonged constipation - this will lead to intoxication of the body and adversely affect the maturation of the embryo.

To establish a regular chair, mommy needs to give up eating dry food and make sure that fiber-rich foods dominate on the menu. Most of the fiber is found in vegetables and fruits.

Prunes have a good laxative effect (at night you should pour a certain amount of dried fruits with boiling water, and in the morning drink the resulting compote and eat softened prunes). Drinking pharmaceutical laxatives is necessary only after consulting a doctor.

Discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy

The first trimester of pregnancy is characterized by changes in the nature of vaginal discharge, which is caused by the production of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) responsible for the attachment of the ovum to the uterus. The implantation of the egg and the formation of the embryo is carried out under their influence, they also initiate the jelly-like discharge characteristic of this period.

It also happens that when the egg is implanted, a minor damage to the blood vessel occurs (it can burst), due to which the internal secretions mix with the blood. Therefore, you do not need to be intimidated by weak spotting in the first trimester, only if they are observed occasionally.

Functional discharge in the first trimester of pregnancy does not cause almost the slightest discomfort for mommy: it is not accompanied by itching and pain, and, moreover, does not have a smell.

What secretions should you pay attention to?

Abundant, with a fairly strong odor, unnatural discharge in pregnant women in the first trimester is a fairly frequent phenomenon. This happens for various reasons, which in any case require treatment:

1. The most common illness among pregnant women is candidiasis, or thrush. One of its main features is white cheesy discharge. When a woman is expecting a baby, any disease is no less dangerous for her than any other infectious disease. Untimely or improper treatment of candidiasis can lead to various problems and create a threat of congenital pathology in a child.
2. If the discharge has a greenish or yellowish tint and, on top of that, a pungent odor, this usually indicates a genital infection. There is a possibility of E. coli, staphylococcus, chlamydia, etc.
3. At the very beginning of pregnancy, the protective barrier that protects the fetus from pathogenic microbes has not yet formed, so the likelihood of infection of the child is very high. To avoid a bacterial infection during gestation, you need to fully check your health at the planning stage of pregnancy.
4. The body of the expectant mother is sensitive to external influences, as a result of this it is better to protect yourself as carefully as possible from numerous infections. Pay special attention to strengthening the immune system, as it is considered a guarantee of excellent well-being and health of the child. And if any incomprehensible discharge occurs, do not hesitate to report this problem to the doctor - competent support helps to avoid adverse results or to minimize them.

Analyzes in the first trimester

The first trimester of pregnancy is the time when the pregnant woman registers at the antenatal clinic and undergoes an initial examination. Just in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, all the necessary research is required.

Mandatory analyzes:

• flora smear;
• Wasserman test (blood test for syphilis);
• determination of the mother's Rh-affiliation to identify or exclude the Rh-conflict;
• blood test for HIV and markers of viral hepatitis, genetic screening and other required tests.

A comprehensive examination helps to detect possible pathologies of fetal development at the earliest possible date. What the doctor will inform the woman about and prescribe adequate timely treatment.

Nutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy

The diet of the expectant mother, during this period, must provide her body with important substances necessary for the development of all organs of the baby.

The order of food intake, which should be adhered to from the very beginning of pregnancy, should guarantee the intake of vitamins and trace elements into the woman's body and eliminate or alleviate the symptoms of the first toxicosis. So that the baby does not experience a deficiency of nutrients, you do not need to eat a lot, it is better to saturate your body a little, but with natural, good and healthy food.

Meals in the first trimester of pregnancy should be fractional, you need to sit down at the table for eating more often - up to 5-6 times a day, but the portions should be small. Light snacks throughout the day prevent overeating and weight gain. Fractional food intake helps in optimal absorption of food and nutrients. The main thing is that such a system softens the manifestations of toxicosis. In addition, fractional nutrition restores the work of the intestinal tract and guarantees a good systematic stool. You need to have dinner in time for 2-3 hours before bedtime.

Water should not be drunk more than 1.5 liters per day. Excess water intake increases the burden on the kidneys. It is necessary to refrain from strongly brewed tea and coffee, as they can provoke spasms of blood vessels and an increase in blood pressure.

The volume of salt should not exceed 5-6 grams. in a day. Its excess increases thirst, retains fluid in the body, which leads to edema, and also negatively affects the functions of the urinary system.

What should pregnant women eat in the first trimester?

In the menu of a pregnant woman, there must be fruits and vegetables containing a lot of fiber, to stimulate the motility of the intestinal tract, and as a source of vitamins and minerals.

In addition, a woman's diet should be enriched with dairy products to provide the body with calcium necessary for the baby. Instead of animal fats, it is better to use vegetable oil, more often eat fish dishes (phosphorus, polyunsaturated fatty acids).

Foods allowed for pregnant women in the first trimester:

1. Bread, preferably whole grain or bran.
2. Green and black tea, but not strong, fruit drinks, freshly squeezed juices.
3. Fresh greens.
4. All kinds of vegetables - fresh or boiled.
5. Fruits, berries.
6. A variety of cereals.
7. Low fat dairy products.
8. Vegetable oil.
9. Seaweed (source of iodine).
10. Walnuts.
11. Boiled eggs, you can omelette (1-2 times in 7 days).
12. Poultry, lean beef.
13. Rabbit meat.
14. Honey, jam (limited).
15. Butter (limited).
16. Fatty fish (mackerel, salmon).

What is prohibited for pregnant women in the first trimester?

The list of such products includes:

• Salts, smoked meats and spices - they irritate the digestive tract, awaken thirst, and load the liver.
• Simple carbohydrates, which are converted into fats, which are stored as excess weight, increase blood sugar levels, giving rise to diabetes.
• Products that can cause an allergic reaction - chocolate, citrus fruits (contribute to the further development of diathesis in the baby).
• Animal fats exacerbate the attacks of nausea, load the liver and other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which their use should be minimized.
• All dyes, preservatives, stabilizers and flavor enhancers are considered toxins not only for the mother, but also for her unborn baby.

Vitamins in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

Vitamins play a colossal role for the successful course of pregnancy in the first trimester. As a result, it will be useful to use them every day in the form of natural fruits and vegetables, which are a source of vitamins and minerals. In addition to them, plant fiber is also needed, which is indispensable for the proper functioning of the intestines.

What vitamins and minerals are especially important at the beginning of pregnancy:

1. Folic acid is essential for the development of the fetal nervous system.
2. Calcium is required for bone formation.
3. Vitamin D is needed to prevent rickets in the future.
4. Iron will prevent the onset of anemia.
5. Magnesium, vitamin E will protect against miscarriage.
6. Iodine affects the mental capacity of the baby.
7. Phosphorus is needed for the formation of the brain.
8. Vitamin B6 will help improve the well-being of the expectant mother.

Every girl, one fine day, catches herself thinking that she wants to become a mother. Over time, after hearing enough stories about terrible toxicosis and continuous prohibitions, girls begin to feel fear of pregnancy and childbirth. Some, on the contrary, put themselves in a rigid framework, thus assuming to protect the unborn child. It also happens that the pregnancy is not planned, and the expectant mother has no idea how to behave.

It is important to remember that pregnancy is not a heavy burden that must be endured! Yes, there are a number of things that you have to give up, but for a while, not forever. First of all, you need to find out what you can and cannot do in the first trimester of pregnancy.

1 trimester - what you can

In the first 12 weeks, a fetus is formed into a baby. During this period, the main systems of the body are formed, and the embryo acquires the clear outlines of the human body. Due to constant changes, the position of the child in the uterus is not stable, and the resources for "construction" are borrowed from the woman's body. In this regard, the list of restrictions is greatest in the first trimester.

The main thing that the expectant mother should take care of is to supply her baby with high-quality “building materials”. Everything that is good for the female body is good for the baby. Everything is fresh, natural, full of nutrients and vitamins.

Let's take a closer look at what can and should be done for mom and fetus in the first trimester.

Drinks and food

The diet should be varied. If a girl, before conception, led a healthy lifestyle and monitored her diet, little will change in her diet. It is worth pondering for those sitting on strict diets and lovers of fast foods. A lack of nutrients, like an excess of fats and toxins, will negatively affect the health of the child. It is necessary to regularly supply the body with all possible nutrients.

It is imperative to add meat, fish, cereals and fresh vegetables to the diet. Garlic is a must - extravagant taste will replace cellophane seasoning, and allicin will help weakened immunity to fight germs.

The same goes for drinks. Water and fresh juices are preferred. It is fresh - made by yourself or bought in stores, but always in glass. Products in tetropacks are stuffed with preservatives for long-term storage, and natural juices of most fruits, painted on the packaging, simply do not exist (they are replaced by flavoring additives).

Will not do harm:

• weak black tea;
• decoctions of mint and chamomile;
• kvass.

Medicines

If a woman does not suffer from chronic diseases in which it is necessary to use medications, stop should be said to almost all medications. The most harmless medicines that can be taken without a doctor's prescription are no-spa and paracetamol. And then, their use is limited. Medicines must be completely natural, for example, activated charcoal. Under stress, sedatives such as valerian are acceptable. Before using drugs, be sure to consult your doctor.

Most of the ailments can either be endured or resolved with gentle, but more durable methods:

• massage;
• herbal decoctions;
• warm shower;
• Fresh air;
• compresses;
• alternative medicine (with the consultation of a gynecologist).

These simple steps will help you cope with most diseases without requiring medication.

Sex

Sex leads to contraction of the uterus and pelvic floor muscles, which can cause miscarriage or complications if the fetus is disturbed or displaced because the embryo is weakly attached to the uterus. Also, there may be complications of pregnancy, imperceptible in the early stages, and an active sex life will contribute to their progress. Ideally, it is worth giving up love pleasures, waiting for the female body to create the necessary protective conditions for the child. From the second trimester, it is possible, necessary and useful to have sex.

Taking care of yourself and your body

Do not deny yourself the familiar and pleasant moments of self-care. There is no need to turn into a gray and nondescript person with a tangled head. Change cosmetics with fragrances to hypoallergenic or baby ones, use natural materials (fruits, vegetables, honey). On the Internet and in stores, you can find specialized cosmetics for expectant mothers.

Hair dyeing is not prohibited, but not with every paint. Chemical elements will negatively affect the hair and scalp, because the elements necessary for their healthy condition are spent on the child. Give preference to henna or basma.

Don't give up on sports. On the contrary, a moderate load will help the body cope with new tasks, normalize the heart and keep muscles in good shape. Of course, it is important to avoid excessive exertion, and in cases where they cannot be avoided, change your occupation. Instead of athletics and exercise equipment, do yoga or sign up for water aerobics. The instructor will always help with the choice, making a personal program and choosing the lesson that is most suitable for you.

Lifestyle

A positive attitude and taking care of your health are two rules for guiding the life of an expectant mother. Avoid stressful situations, limit your exposure to harmful substances, pamper yourself and enjoy life. A measured rhythm, without emotional outbursts and stress, has a positive effect on the health of the baby and on the mother's body.

An important point is the presence of pets in the house. Well mannered, they will not harm in any way. For example, walking the dog gives you a reason not to be lazy and breathe fresh air every day. Cats, on their own, act pacifying, just by living next to you.

One caveat is still present: There can be toxoplasmosis in cat feces - an infectious disease that is dangerous for a child. There is no need to look for a new home for your pet - entrust the cleaning of the cat litter box to someone else.

Pregnant women need to lead a healthy lifestyle, only in this case the expectant mother will have a healthy baby. In this case, you should rest a lot, eat well. But often this is not enough, so the specialist assigns the appropriate multivitamins. The selection of the vitamin complex is carried out individually, depending on the characteristics of the organism. But before using any remedy, you should definitely consult your doctor.

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When to take vitamins

Expectant mothers often wonder what vitamins to drink during pregnancy. It is important to remember that all products contain synthetic components. Therefore, there is not always a need for them.

Yet it happens that multivitamins for pregnant women are needed. This can happen under the following circumstances:

1. If a woman is in a position to go to work, and her food is inadequate.
2. With diseases, which are associated with a lack of important substances in the female body.
3. When miscarriages previously occurred or the first baby was born with an abnormality.
4. If a woman who is carrying a child over 30 years.

Important! Vitamins put a serious strain on the internal organs, in particular, the kidneys, which can be bad for the child.

Therefore, answering the question of whether girls in a position need vitamins, it should be noted that not everyone can benefit from them. To avoid problems, it is necessary to follow the correct diet, enriching the diet fruits and vegetables. Then additional trace elements will not be needed.

Multivitamins for 1 trimester

In the first trimester, that is, in the early stages multivitamins are not prohibited.

But if there are no problems with health and well-being, then a correct and balanced diet will be enough.

The doctor should tell you what vitamins are needed. It is important that any of the courses is not assigned for a long time, since during this period the state of the expectant mother changes very quickly.

You should listen to yourself and contact a specialist for any changes.

Natural vitamins during early pregnancy are very needed. Vitamin E is one of the most important, but it can be obtained from foods. It is found in vegetable oils, meat products, spinach. It is not recommended to use this substance in the medicine, since its excess will negatively affect the well-being of the expectant mother and fetus.

Particular attention in the 1st trimester should be paid to folic acid... It should be used separately. Its actions are aimed at the correct formation of the placenta. This substance will protect against miscarriage and normalize hemoglobin.

If the pregnant woman does not have enough B9, then this can lead to anemia, which negatively affects the child.

The dosage should be determined by a specialist, he will also answer the question of which drugs are better to drink. Additionally, folic acid can be obtained by eating carrots, spinach, peaches and celery.

Femibion ​​during pregnancy

Vitamins for pregnant women Femibion ​​are popular among medicines. They are recommended not only for girls in position, but also for those who are just planning. This remedy can be used by both women and men during the planning stage. The composition of the vitamin complex includes elements that have a positive effect on the male reproductive system.

This tool includes 10 useful elements, which the expectant mother often needs. Separately, the following components should be highlighted:

• iodine, so you don't have to take additional potassium iodide;
• B1, which normalizes carbohydrate metabolism;
• B2 is necessary for energy production;
• B6 is indispensable for protein metabolism;
• B12 provides good performance nervous system.

Such important elements as C and E, which protect against harmful microbes and free radicals, are also found in Femibion.

Femibion ​​is not recommended for everyone, since there are also side effects. Among them, nausea, apathy and an allergic reaction should be distinguished. Therefore, before taking it, you should definitely consult a specialist.

Vitamin A

It is allowed to take vitamin A during pregnancy, but here it is necessary for sure observe the dosage.

When multivitamins are prescribed for pregnant women, the doctor should take into account indicators such as age and the number of retinol in the female body.

But most often it is attributed no more than 3 mg per day. It is prohibited to take such funds uncontrollably. They should only be consumed according to medical indications.

If the intake of this element is recommended, then it must be drunk in two months before the conception of the baby and the first 2 months when carrying a fetus. After a long break is taken and the course is resumed 2 months before the onset of childbirth. Therefore, during pregnancy 1 trimester, vitamin A is allowed.

This substance can also be obtained along with the intake of healthy foods. It is found in milk, fresh eggs, fish oil. As for plant foods, these are carrots, tomatoes, peppers, cabbage. Best for drinks rosehip broth, sea ​​buckthorn.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is able to bring many benefits to the expectant mother and her baby. He cares about bones and teeth pregnant. Thanks to him, the correct formation of the baby's skeleton in the womb takes place. Only thanks to this element, which is also called calciferol, occurs absorption of calcium. In sufficient quantities, he will be able to:

• strengthen the immunity of the expectant mother;
• prevent the occurrence of skin diseases;
• prevent the development of a tumor process;
• will have a positive effect on brain activity;
• will improve the emotional state.

Calciferol has been shown to be effective in treating gestational diabetes, which often develops in girls carrying a baby.

Useful micronutrients can be obtained with proper nutrition. However, vitamin D for a woman in a position may be needed if she is a vegetarian, rarely stays in the sun.

In the early stages, it may not be absorbed because of, in this case, the doctor can prescribe the appropriate drug, indicating the correct dosage.

In a minimum dosage, calciferol is found in many vitamin complexes that are prescribed for pregnant women. Therefore, taking vitamin D not worth it separately.

Vitamin E and C

Vitamin E in early pregnancy is often prescribed by specialists. It is allowed to be consumed during the entire 1 trimester. In addition, doctors advise drinking it before conception. In this case, the daily rate of the substance should be 15 mg.

Tocopherol is useful in that it normalizes the production of hormones in women and is able to . Moreover, it helps to create a strong placenta and normalizes the digestive process.

The substance can be found in fat, sea buckthorn oil, eggs, beef, milk.

In order for the membranes of the placenta to develop normally, it is necessary to take vitamin C during pregnancy, which will support immunity, and the body will become resistant to various bacterial diseases.

Be sure to take ascorbic acid for women who smoked before pregnancy.

The daily dosage should be up to 90 mg... Ascorbic acid is found in black currants, carrots, oranges, lemons, cabbage.

These products should be taken without fail, since the component they contain will prevent the formation of stretch marks and varicose veins.

If this is not done, then the vessels will become fragile, and the capillaries - brittle. Bruises will begin to appear even from a minor blow.

Advice! Vitamin C during pregnancy can quickly lose its beneficial properties, especially when it comes to foods.

For this reason, food should always be fresh.

Useful video: vitamins in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

A balanced diet during pregnancy is very important for a woman. Because everything that she receives during a meal - calcium, protein, iron, fats, many other essential nutrients are needed for the fruit to develop and grow properly. That is why nutrition and intake of nutrients during pregnancy must be given special attention. Nutrition is equally important when planning a pregnancy.

Plant-based diet calcium alcoholic beverages
Nutrition Diet Nutrition
Vegetable puree During lactation Prevention

It used to be considered natural that, if necessary, the baby himself takes what he needs for development. But recently they found out that if a woman eats incorrectly, irregularly, then her body turns on the self-preservation mechanism and the fetus is deprived of many nutrients. Therefore, proper nutrition during pregnancy is a necessary measure.

What to focus on?

The main problems of pregnancy are toxicosis, constipation, intestinal upset, heartburn.

There should be a varied diet

1. In order to cope with toxicosis and heartburn, eating according to the principle of "slices" is suitable, which means that you need to eat often, but little by little. Try to drink more clean water (not carbonated). Add fiber-rich foods, grains, bananas, cereals, bran, rice, etc. to your diet.
2. When the bowel function becomes difficult, this is usually due to the fact that the uterus enlarges, begins to press on the rectum. Therefore, during pregnancy, the intestines may not always work as usual. With such problems, you need to properly balance your diet. This can be done with foods that contain dietary fiber - cereals, wholemeal bread, fruits, berries, vegetables.

Eating in the early stages of pregnancy should not consist of dense and liquid food - the first and second cannot be taken immediately, drink between meals (milk, compote, soups). Proper nutrition during pregnancy can help you avoid problems.

In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, it is worth adding a dairy-plant diet to your diet. Meat and fish should be in the diet no more than four to five days a week. It is better to bake and eat them, adding vegetables and herbs. Vegetables, fruits, berries - all are preferably taken raw.

More fish and vegetables

And already in the last trimester, when the liver and kidneys begin to work with a vengeance, choose a diet based on light vegetarian soups and salads.

What to exclude from the diet?

As you know, seafood is an excellent source of protein and other beneficial fatty acids. They have a wonderful effect on the development of the baby's brain.

The fish should be well done, peeled. You cannot eat raw fish, shellfish, oysters during pregnancy. It may contain pathogenic, pathogenic microorganisms.

You can not eat poorly cooked meat, poultry, eggs. During pregnancy, the body is susceptible to bacterial food poisoning. Avoid:

• canned foods;
• pates;
• unpasteurized foods, juices, milk;
• raw eggs;
• caffeine (blood circulation is disturbed, while nutrients are poorly absorbed);
• tea, chocolate;
• sausages, sausages;
• smoked products;
• fried, fatty foods;
• alcohol.

It is forbidden to consume alcoholic beverages

Essential substances for pregnancy.

Get your daily calcium intake

At the very beginning, in the first trimester of pregnancy, it is not necessary to drastically change the usual diet to what is necessary. So mostly eat what you want. But gradually add healthy foods to your diet that contain what is needed for your child's development.

Do not torture yourself and force you to eat what you do not want. Check with your gynecologist and together make an approximate diet so that it is tasty and healthy.

Approximate nutrition during pregnancy by week.

: Borovikova Olga

gynecologist, ultrasound doctor, geneticist

The development of pregnancy in the 1st trimester begins from the moment the male and female germ cells meet, which leads to the formation of a zygote. A fertilized egg, containing a full set of chromosomes and a supply of nutrients, immediately begins to divide and simultaneously moves along the fallopian tube into the uterine cavity. At 5-6 weeks, the embryo reaches the uterine cavity, where it is implanted into the mucous membrane (endometrium) of the uterus. At the site of attachment, the formation of the placenta begins, a special organ that provides nutrition, respiration and support for the life of the fetus throughout pregnancy.

Starting from the 5th week and until the end of the second month of pregnancy, the formation of the primary organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular system takes place. During this period, the fetal neural tube closes and the laying of the nervous system begins. The primary processes of hematopoiesis and blood circulation begin in the vessels. The thyroid gland and the genitourinary system develop. The rudiments of the limbs and fingers are formed. During this period, the embryo is actively growing. If at 5 weeks its length is 1.5-2.5 mm, then by the end of 8 weeks it increases several times to 8-13 mm.

The beginning of the third month is characterized by the development of the brain, bones, limbs and joints. By the end of 12-13 weeks, the fetus has already formed all the main internal organs, the basis of the skeleton and partially facial features. He can already make spontaneous movements due to the development of the cerebellum. Some organs are already starting to function - the heart and urinary system.

Signs of pregnancy in the 1st trimester

The 1st trimester of pregnancy can be different. In most cases, the first weeks are asymptomatic, almost imperceptible for the expectant mother. The first sign of pregnancy is usually a delay in the onset of menstruation. However, even before it, the following symptoms may appear:

• causeless dizziness;
• weakness, drowsiness;
• attacks of nausea and vomiting in the morning;
• aversion to certain foods;
• increased sensitivity to odors;
• emotional instability, irritability;
• discomfort in the chest, increased volume, swelling and pain in the nipples.

Weight in the 1st trimester of pregnancy does not change noticeably, since the size and weight of the fetus is still extremely small. The uterus is not significantly enlarged. Only very thin women can have noticeable changes in the volume of the abdomen by the end of the first trimester.

Diagnostics and research in the first trimester of pregnancy

As soon as a woman finds out about her situation, it is better for her to immediately consult a gynecologist. This period is very important and is associated with certain risks. At the first visit to the hospital, the doctor will prescribe a comprehensive examination, which is necessary to assess the condition of the expectant mother and fetus, follow-up and eliminate possible risks. First of all, the woman will be offered to undergo laboratory tests. The list of necessary tests in the 1st trimester of pregnancy includes:

• Complete blood count during pregnancy in the 1st trimester: gives general information about the state of the body of a pregnant woman. The indicators of this study allow us to assess the work of internal organs and functional systems, in the future, based on the results of this analysis, the doctor can control the condition of the expectant mother.
• The general analysis of urine shows the condition and function of the kidneys, urinary system. This analysis will have to be taken before each follow-up appointment with a doctor who monitors the pregnancy.
• A smear on flora is a bacteriological and cytological study that allows you to identify pathogenic microorganisms in the composition of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix. The analysis makes it possible to detect the inflammatory process in time, therefore, to take appropriate measures to eliminate it.
• Coagulogram - an assessment of blood clotting.
• A biochemical blood test is a detailed picture of the work of internal organs. In particular, the pancreas, liver, kidneys.
• Blood test for blood group and Rh factor - this test is required at the beginning of pregnancy, since labor is associated with certain risks. If a blood transfusion or surgery is needed, information about the Rh blood group will be vital.
• Blood tests for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis - tests for sexually transmitted infections are carried out twice during pregnancy in the 1st trimester and at 35-36 weeks. This precaution is caused by the long incubation period of some pathogen species.
• Blood test for TORCH infection - the study allows you to identify microorganisms such as toxoplasma, herpes, cytomegalovirus. Their presence in the mother's body can have a negative impact on the development of the fetus.

An important indicator in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is the level of TSH. The secretion of the hormone TSH in different periods of pregnancy has different indicators. In the first trimester, control over the level of TSH is important, since it is involved in stimulating the corpus luteum, forming the internal organs and systems of the fetus. The norm of TSH in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is from 0.1 to 0.4 μMD / ml. With the further development of pregnancy, this indicator increases.

Another important type of diagnosis and research is ultrasound of pregnancy in the 1st trimester. During the entire period, according to the plan, it is necessary to carry out three ultrasound examinations - at the beginning, in the middle and before childbirth. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, an ultrasound scan should be done at a period of 11-13 weeks. Ultrasound allows you to clarify the duration of pregnancy, assess the development of the fetus, and examine the chorion, from which the placenta is subsequently formed.

An additional study is screening during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, it is carried out in the form of a complex diagnostic procedure. Screening is mandatory for pregnant women over the age of 35, in the presence of a threat of spontaneous abortion, in hereditary diseases or in the presence of occupational risks. Perinatal screening is a complex of instrumental and laboratory studies - ultrasound, biochemical and genetic blood tests. This is the most informative and detailed type of diagnosis that allows you to identify all risk groups for fetal development. First trimester screening provides information such as:

• exact gestational age;
• the presence or absence of gross violations in the development of the fetus - brain defects, umbilical hernia, etc.;
• the presence of chromosomal pathologies (Down's syndrome) is determined by the thickness of the collar space;
• heart size and heart rate;
• bone length;
• hCG (chorionic gonadotropin) level;
• plasma protein content.

These and other indicators make it possible to conduct a high-quality detailed assessment of the development of the fetus, to identify the presence of deviations and to prevent their development in a timely manner.

Normal and anxiety states in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

The development of pregnancy in the first trimester can occur with some unpleasant and painful symptoms. Some of them are considered the norm, others are an alarming sign that requires special attention and referral to a specialist. Some of the most common ailments include:

• Abdominal pain in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is most often the result of natural changes in the woman's body. In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the stomach can hurt for a variety of reasons. This is primarily due to the growth and movement of the fertilized egg through the fallopian tube, followed by its introduction into the endometrium. For the same reasons, often in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the stomach pulls or discomfort is felt in the pelvic area. Such symptoms do not indicate pathologies or disorders. Intense cramping pains in the 1st trimester of pregnancy are a cause for concern and immediate medical attention. They may indicate an increased tone of the uterus and the threat of miscarriage.
• Uterine tone is a condition in which the muscles of an organ are overly stressed. The tone of the uterus in the 1st trimester can happen for a variety of reasons - excessive excitement, physical strain, untimely emptying of the bladder. Symptoms of uterine tone during the 1st trimester of pregnancy are characteristic cramping short-term pains and tension of the abdominal muscles. This condition is easily eliminated if the cause is excluded - calm down, rest, go to the toilet. It is much more difficult and more dangerous if uterine hypertonicity is manifested in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Unlike tone, hypertonicity is characterized by attacks of contraction of the muscles of the uterus, which can lead to spontaneous termination of pregnancy and fetal death. The cause of hypertonicity is most often hormonal disorders, which can only be identified with the help of special studies.
• Uncharacteristic discharge in the 1st trimester of pregnancy may indicate a number of pathological disorders that require medical intervention. Changes in the female body also apply to vaginal discharge - they acquire a yellowish tint. Yellow discharge during the 1st trimester of pregnancy is considered the norm, their color is due to a change in hormonal balance and an increase in progesterone secretion. Thick cheesy, greenish, bloody discharge testifies to pathological processes. It is also worth contacting a doctor if the discharge is excessively abundant and has an unpleasant, pungent odor.
• Headache is a frequent companion of the onset of pregnancy, its occurrence can be associated with hormonal changes, changes in blood pressure, emotional instability. If the head periodically hurts in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, but the pain is not acute and protracted, this fact is not a sign of any pathologies. Alarming symptoms are pain that increases in intensity, accompanied by tinnitus, impaired coordination or vision. With such manifestations, you need to contact a gynecologist and find out the cause of headaches during pregnancy in the 1st trimester.
• Low blood pressure in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is a common phenomenon; in this state, a woman feels weak, drowsy, and sometimes dizzy. Low blood pressure in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is due to hormonal changes and early toxicosis. According to the generally accepted rate, in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, the pressure should not be lower than 100/60. At lower rates, we can talk about hypotension, violations of vascular tone, allergic or infectious diseases. Finding out the cause can only be through a targeted examination. Low pressure can lead to the development of preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, developmental delay and complications during childbirth, therefore, pressure control is one of the most important indicators.
• High blood pressure in pregnant women is considered an even more dangerous symptom. With an increase in blood pressure above 140/90, there is a risk of developing preeclampsia, eclampsia (breathing disorders, convulsions, fainting), preeclampsia (headaches, nausea, impaired coordination), retinal detachment. High blood pressure can be caused by diseases of the kidneys (pyelonephritis, polycystic), the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, pathology of the thyroid gland or adrenal glands), cardiovascular or nervous diseases. Stable high blood pressure is a threat to both a pregnant woman and her unborn child, therefore it is a serious reason for hospitalization.
• Hemorrhoids during pregnancy of the 1st trimester can manifest themselves against the background of changes in the pelvic organs. The risk of its occurrence increases in cases where a woman leads a sedentary lifestyle, which leads to stagnant processes. The question of how to treat hemorrhoids during pregnancy of the 1st trimester can be answered by a proctologist. Methods and drugs for treatment are determined by the type and degree of hemorrhoids. At the initial stage, therapy is reduced to the use of local suppositories. In more advanced cases, instrumental or surgical treatment may be required.

Features of the treatment of diseases in the first trimester of pregnancy

Pregnant women, despite all the precautions and preventive measures, are not immune from common diseases. And every expectant mother needs to know why certain pathologies are dangerous in their condition, how to avoid diseases and treat them safely for the fetus.

Cold

A cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester is not a critical or extremely dangerous condition, but in such a situation it is important to consider some questions and aspects:

• Why is a cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester dangerous? At the very beginning of pregnancy, when numerous changes occur in a woman's body, the degree of protection of the immune system is significantly reduced. This is often the cause of colds. Any types of acute respiratory infections pose a threat to the health of the unborn baby, since pathogenic bacteria can have a negative effect on the organs of the fetus developing during this period. It is very important to choose the right treatment, otherwise there may be dangerous consequences of a cold in the 1st trimester of pregnancy:
• fetal hypoxia;
• developmental delay;
• malformations;
• intrauterine infection;
• complications during childbirth;
• complications of the postpartum period.
• What medicines can be used to treat a cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester? The peculiarities of the treatment of any diseases during pregnancy are, first of all, in the selection of safe drugs. It is strongly not recommended to endure colds on the legs, adherence to bed rest is one of the most important requirements, especially if a cold in the 1st trimester of pregnancy occurs with a temperature. Close attention should also be paid to nutrition, to increase the amount of vitamins consumed in the form of fresh vegetables and fruits. When choosing medicines, it is worth giving preference to herbal preparations, topical action and herbal medicine:
• Mukaltin - cough tablets based on herbal ingredients (marshmallow root);
• pharmacy breast herbal preparations - specially selected formulations for dry and wet cough;
• sage syrups, licorice root, marshmallow - natural cough remedies;
• inhalations with medicinal plants (chamomile, sage) and essential oils (eucalyptus, tea tree, fir) will help relieve nasal breathing and relieve coughing attacks;
• for the treatment of a runny nose during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, it is better to use preparations based on purified sea water and essential oils - drops of Pinosol, Aqua Maris, Aqualor.
• How to bring down the temperature during 1 trimester pregnancy? If the temperature with acute respiratory infections does not exceed 37.5 degrees, then it is not recommended to reduce it. Such a temperature during the 1st trimester during pregnancy is not dangerous for the mother's body and fetal development, but it helps to destroy pathogenic bacteria. If the temperature rises, then paracetamol-based preparations can be used to reduce it in combination with an abundant drink (fruit drinks, warm tea with raspberry jam or honey).
• How to strengthen immunity and recover from a cold during pregnancy in the 1st trimester? To strengthen the protective functions of the body of a pregnant woman, special complexes of vitamins have been developed, a doctor should choose a specific one. During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, doctors recommend Viferon in the form of suppositories as a drug that strengthens the immune system and a safe anti-inflammatory agent. The diet is of great importance. It should contain fresh vegetables, fruits, high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates.

Angina

Angina during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is a dangerous disease, as it is always associated with an inflammatory, and sometimes even purulent process in the throat and larynx. Improper treatment of angina can lead to the development of complications and the spread of infection to other organs. Self-treatment of the throat during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is not recommended, since it is rather difficult to determine the type of sore throat and choose medicines without the help of a specialist. How can a throat be treated during 1 trimester pregnancy? Doctors recommend using drugs for the treatment of angina, which have a local antiseptic effect and are not absorbed into the bloodstream. These include:

• Bioparox - a spray containing antibiotics, allowed during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, has a powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect.
• Geksoral is a spray with antimicrobial and analgesic effects, effective for various types of tonsillitis (tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis).
• Cameton is a spray that relieves inflammation, pain and swelling of the throat. The preparation is based on essential oils, camphor and safe pain relievers.
• Miramistin, Chlorhexidine, Chlorophyllipt in the form of sprays and throat rinses help relieve inflammation and have an antiseptic sedative effect.

Some types of sore throat cannot be cured without the use of antibiotics, but such a decision should be made by a doctor based on the results of examination and diagnosis. In the first trimester of pregnancy, antibiotics are used with caution, the consequences can be extremely undesirable. As an antipyretic during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, you can use Paracetamol and Panadol, according to the doctor's prescription - Nurofen, Ibuprofen.

ARVI, Influenza

SARS during pregnancy of the 1st trimester requires special attention, since viral infections can provoke a number of complications. At a later date, the fetus is protected by the placenta, but in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, ARVI is quite dangerous, since the placenta has not yet formed. The decision on how to treat ARVI during pregnancy of the 1st trimester should be made by the doctor. Only a specialist will help you choose effective and safe medicines.

Treatment of ARVI during pregnancy of the 1st trimester should be aimed both at combating viral infection and protecting the fetus from possible negative consequences. Depending on the symptoms of the disease, you can use the remedies for the common cold, fever and sore throat listed above. Antibiotics are ineffective against ARVI and influenza; special medicines must be used for treatment. As antiviral drugs during 1 trimester pregnancy, you can use:

• Grippferon is an antiviral drug approved for pregnant women. It has a detrimental effect on viral infection and has an immunostimulating effect.
• Oscillococcinum is a well-known homeopathic remedy that copes well with viruses and restores the immune system. For the effect, you must adhere to a specially designed dosage regimen.
• Aflubin is a homeopathic drug used as a therapeutic and prophylactic antiviral agent. Allowed from the first days and throughout pregnancy.

Despite the availability of information on medicines for influenza during 1 trimester pregnancy, you should not self-medicate. SARS during pregnancy of the 1st trimester can have dangerous consequences. Due to the possible oxygen starvation of the fetus, disturbances in its development may occur.

Allergy

Women with allergic reactions should take into account the fact that stress on the immune system during pregnancy can lead to new manifestations of allergies. Many antihistamines during 1 trimester pregnancy are prohibited from taking due to the possible negative effect on the fetus.

If, during pregnancy of the 1st trimester, the allergy resumed, intensified or first manifested itself, it is necessary to seek the advice of an allergist. As a rule, during this period it is not recommended to take antihistamines of the first (Suprastin, Diazolin, Tavegil) and the second (Claritin, Citrizin, Astemizole). For pregnant women, third-generation anti-allergic drugs are suitable, which do not have a cardiotoxic effect. These include Desloratodine, Levocetirizine, Fexofinadine. However, you cannot prescribe such drugs yourself, they can only be taken on the recommendation of a doctor.

Thrush

Often, during pregnancy of 1 trimester, women develop thrush. This factor is due to hormonal and immune processes occurring in a woman's body. It is rather difficult to answer the question of how to treat thrush during 1 trimester pregnancy without special diagnostics. At a later date, in 2-3 trimesters, women can take oral remedies for thrush. In the first trimester, treatment is complicated by the fact that the placenta has not yet formed and there is a high risk to the fetus.

Treatment of thrush during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is prescribed by a gynecologist who is observing a woman. As a rule, local drugs are used for therapy, which normalize the vaginal microflora. These means include suppositories Pimafucin or Clotrimazole, vaginal tablets / suppositories Natamycin.

Herpes

Herpes is a viral infection. Once in the blood, herpesvirus infection is constantly present in the body, manifesting itself only during periods of exacerbation. Various factors can provoke herpes on the lip during pregnancy of the 1st trimester - hypothermia, emotional or physical stress. Given the fact that a woman's immune system is weakened at the initial stage of pregnancy, the manifestations of herpes are likely even with a mild cold.

How to treat herpes during 1 trimester pregnancy is decided by the immunologist. If it is not possible to turn to a narrow specialist, then you can contact a gynecologist or therapist. Treatment of herpes during 1 trimester pregnancy includes preparations for external use in the form of ointments (Gerpevir, Zovirax) and in the form of tablets for oral administration. An effective substance against herpes is acyclovir; on its basis, many drugs have been created (Acyclovir, Valtrex).

If a woman has herpes that is not sensitive to acyclovir during pregnancy in the 1st trimester, then other antiviral drugs can be used. But their appointment should be made by a specialist, taking into account the state of health and the duration of pregnancy.

What drugs can be taken in the 1st trimester

In the early stages of pregnancy, it is very important to identify the medications that can be taken for various conditions. Many drugs in the 1st trimester of pregnancy are strictly prohibited. Antiviral, antibacterial, antipyretic, antihistamines have already been mentioned. For example, many are wondering how to treat pain during 1 trimester pregnancy, or what sedatives are allowed during this period.

• During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, pain relievers such as Paracetamol, Papaverine, No-shpa, Riabal, Nurofen (Ibuprofen) are allowed.
• During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, sedative drinks are not recommended, since the threat of the passage of drugs through the barely forming placenta is too high. Any kind of tranquilizers is strictly prohibited. However, the consequences of stress or insomnia can negatively affect the condition of the woman and the fetus, so the doctor may recommend herbal preparations or herbal preparations (Persen, Novopassit, tablets and tinctures of valerian, motherwort) as a sedative.
• Taking vitamins during pregnancy of the 1st trimester is not a requirement, but it is an important factor in maintaining the body of the expectant mother. As a rule, the doctor prescribes complex preparations that include all the necessary vitamins and minerals. What vitamins to take in the 1st trimester of pregnancy is determined by the doctor according to individual indications. Separately, it is worth noting the importance of folic acid during 1 trimester pregnancy. Vitamin B9 is important in cell division, hematopoiesis, and the formation of the fetal neural tube. That is why experts recommend taking folic acid from the first days of pregnancy.

Nutrition in the first trimester of pregnancy

The state of her own health, well-being and development of the unborn child largely depends on the correct balanced nutrition of a pregnant woman. The peculiarities of nutrition during pregnancy of the 1st trimester are due to the formation and laying of the internal organs and functional systems of the unborn child, as well as the increased load on the woman's body. A balanced menu during pregnancy of the 1st trimester should include foods from five groups - proteins, fats, cereals and bakery products, dairy and fermented milk products, vegetables and fruits. In order for the body to receive everything it needs for the development of pregnancy in the 1st trimester, it is important to optimally select the balance of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Nutritional recommendations in the 1st trimester of pregnancy relate to both the composition of the diet and the method of cooking.

Answering the question of what can and cannot be done in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, it is worth noting the following aspects:

• The diet should contain a sufficiently large amount of fresh fruits, vegetables and berries. They can and should be used as snacks between meals.
• Protein foods should also be varied, including meat, fish, seafood, and dairy products.
• It is better for a pregnant woman to abandon the generally accepted three-time regimen, switch to fractional meals - 6-7 times a day in small portions.
• Exclude artificial additives and ready-made sauces from the diet, it is better to replace them with natural spices, oils and sour cream.
• When cooking, you should give preference to boiling, stewing, baking and use fried foods as little as possible.
• When toxicosis appears, it is worth considering that food taken in small doses in a warm form is easier to digest and causes fewer nausea attacks.
• With anemia, you need to add iron-rich foods to the diet - beef liver, veal, nuts, lentils, beans, peas, buckwheat, pomegranate, rose hips, apples, apricots.

From drinks, preference is given to non-carbonated water, green, herbal teas, freshly squeezed juices (in a 50/50 proportion with water). During pregnancy of the 1st trimester, it is worth excluding coffee, carbonated drinks, factory juices, kvass. Caffeine is especially dangerous in early pregnancy (it increases the risk of miscarriage), so it is best to avoid any foods and drinks that contain it.

In addition to what you can eat and drink in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, it is important to listen to your body. If there is an aversion to a certain type of food, you do not need to force yourself, no matter how useful they are.

Risks and dangers of the 1st trimester of pregnancy

If the mother is healthy and follows the recommendations of doctors, then the first trimester of pregnancy proceeds without acutely noticeable changes. Mild ailments caused by hormonal changes, implantation and fetal growth are considered the norm. However, a woman who wants to maintain a pregnancy and bear a healthy child must constantly monitor her condition and sensations.

The most dangerous risks of the 1st trimester include:

• the threat of spontaneous interruption;
• fetal malformations;
• frozen pregnancy 1 trimester.

You should immediately consult a doctor when symptoms such as severe cramping pains, discharge of a serous or bloody type, severe weakness and dizziness, significant changes in blood pressure, manifestation of severe toxicosis, an increase in body temperature to 37.7 degrees. Timely appeal to a gynecologist and examination will help to exclude dangerous conditions that, if self-medicated, can lead to serious consequences.

As for the usual daily aspects, pregnant women in the 1st trimester can lead a normal life, if their well-being and state of health allows it. Often there are questions related to everyday affairs and needs:

• How to sleep during 1 trimester pregnancy? At the initial stage of fetal development, the sleeping position is not yet of fundamental importance. The embryo is still so small that the uterus is located within the natural boundaries of the pelvis, so you can sleep in any comfortable position.
• Can teeth be treated in the 1st trimester of pregnancy? Dental treatment is included in the program of examination of pregnant women and preparation for childbirth. It is not only possible to treat teeth, but even necessary for the safe bearing and health of the child.
• Is it possible to fly during 1 trimester pregnancy? Flights, according to doctors, do not affect the development of pregnancy in any way. If the expectant mother physically tolerated flights before pregnancy, then there is no reason to cancel them. The only caveat is the diagnosed toxicosis and other disorders / deviations in the state of health. In this case, before the flight, you should consult with a doctor who will prescribe medications to prevent complications.
• Is it possible to have sex in the 1st trimester of pregnancy? If a woman does not have a threat of miscarriage and she feels well, then there is no reason to refuse sex in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Precaution should be shown only at a later date or according to indications.

Video: First trimester of pregnancy. Signs of pregnancy. Pregnancy????

Attention! This article is posted for informational purposes only and under no circumstances is scientific material or medical advice and can not serve as a substitute for an in-person consultation with a professional doctor. For diagnostics, diagnosis and treatment prescription, please contact qualified doctors!

Number of reads: 1815 Date of publication: 29.11.2017