Starry sky

“Main characteristics of stars” - The angle at which the radius of the Earth’s orbit is visible from the star. Like the Sun, stars illuminate the Earth. The distance to the star. Distances to the stars. Spectral classification of stars. Masses of stars. Speeds of stars. The distance from the sun to the nearest star. The parallax method is currently the most accurate way.

"The structure and evolution of stars" - Nuclear reactions in stars. Combustion of C and O in the late stages of evolution. Hertzsprung - Russell diagram. The evolution scheme of a single star. The ratio of mass - luminosity. Model of the Sun. Pressure of electronic degenerate gas. Cartoon NASA. Sirius V. Hydrostatic balance. The opacity of matter in the bowels of stars.

"Distances to the stars" - Distances to the stars. Hipparchus. Even with the naked eye it is clear that the world around us is extremely diverse. Supergiant in the constellation Scorpio - Antares. Distances to the stars. The brightest stars in ancient times were called stars of the first magnitude. Stars differ in color, brilliance.

“Black Holes” - Far from the hole, the rays bend slightly. A singularity is all the substance of a black hole, collected at an infinitely small point. After using all the reserves of nuclear fuel and termination of reactions, the star dies. Astronomer Karl Schwarzschild in the last years of his life calculated the gravitational field around a mass of zero volume.

Starry Sky - Northern Hemisphere. Celestial sphere. Johann Bayer. Big Dipper bucket. Section of the celestial sphere. Bright stars. Stars. Images of constellations. Bright stars. Stars were the main reference points. Winter triangle. Starry sky. The letters of the Greek alphabet. Astronomers of antiquity. The constellation Ursa Major.

"The structure of stars" - Yellow - white. Canopus Shaved. Masse. Color. Build. To the sizes. One. Temperature (color). White. The physical nature of stars. effective temperature K. Class. Orange. Crossbar. The crossbar is white-blue, White-blue. Age. The luminosity of stars. Red. Stars have a variety of colors. Yellow. The radii of stars.

There are 17 presentations in total

What is astronomy ??? He studies the structure of the Universe, motion, physical nature, the origin and evolution of celestial bodies and the systems formed by them. It is based primarily on observations. Almost all information about celestial bodies brings us electromagnetic radiation. Only in the last 40 years, individual worlds began to study directly: to probe the atmospheres of planets, to study the lunar and Martian soil.

The word astronomy comes from two Greek words: and with t on about - a star, n about m about - the law. The practical need to study the starry sky led to the emergence of science, which subsequently received in ancient Greece about 4 in BC name astronomy. But the name itself does not at all serve as evidence of the origin and development of astronomy only in ancient Greece. Astronomy arose and independently developed literally among all peoples, but the degree of its development, of course, was directly dependent on the level of productive forces and the culture of peoples.

Applicability Astronomy is closely connected with other sciences, primarily with physics and mathematics. But astronomy is an indispensable testing ground. Space is the only place where matter exists at temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees and almost at absolute zero, in vacuum vacuum and in neutron stars. Now it is no longer necessary to determine the ship’s course according to the stars, to predict the spill of the Nile or to count the time by the hourglass: here astronomy was replaced by technical means. But astronomy and astronautics are still indispensable in communication systems and television, in Earth observations from space. Astronomy studies the fundamental laws of nature and the evolution of our world. Therefore, its philosophical significance is especially great. In fact, it determines the worldview of people.

Astronomy The scale of the observed Universe is huge and the usual units of measurement of distances - meters and kilometers - are of little use here. An astronomical unit is used in the study of the solar system. This is the size of the semimajor axis of the Earth’s orbit: 1 a. e. \u003d 150 million kilometers.

Calendar Everything repeats in the sky above us: stars rise and set every night, the moon phases change, the sun finds its way between the stars. Thanks to astronomy, people have a calendar and a time counter. The system of counting long periods of time is called a calendar. Over the centuries-old history of mankind, many different calendar systems have been developed (and used). But all calendars can be divided into three main types: solar, lunar and lunar-solar. The basis of the solar calendars is the duration of the tropical year, the basis of the lunar calendars is the duration of the lunar or synodic month, the lunar-solar calendars are based on both of these periods. The modern calendar, adopted in most countries, is a solar calendar.

Borders in the sky Already in ancient times, our ancestors divided the starry sky into clearly distinguishable combinations of stars, which they called constellations. Astronomy arose earlier than all other sciences - noticing patterns in the movement of stars, our ancestors learned how to measure time, created the first prototypes of the calendar, and learned how to navigate the terrain. The names of the constellations associated with myths, the names of the gods, the names of devices and mechanisms. The knowledge of constellations is the ABC of astronomy. How to navigate in this huge and beautiful world, in this starry placer? A constellation is a portion of the celestial sphere whose boundaries are determined by a special decision of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). There are 88 constellations in the celestial sphere. The boundaries between these strictly defined parts of the sky are arbitrary, they have no physical meaning .. 88 constellations

CONSTELLATION OF THE WOLF According to the ancient Greek myth, the wicked king Lycaon lived in the copper age. He disobeyed the gods and mocked all who worshiped Zeus and other gods. Once Lycaon killed the hostage and invited all guests to eat his meat at their feast. This filled Zeus’s patience, he turned Lycaon into a bloodthirsty wolf and placed him in heaven.

Interesting objects. The most interesting object in this constellation is the Big Magellanic Cloud. This is a distant galaxy visible in the southern hemisphere with the naked eye like a foggy cloud. It was named so by Antonio Pifanett in 1521 during the travel of Magellan. The Big Magellanic Cloud is one of the closest galaxies, it is located at a distance of only 200 thousand light years. This is an irregular ragged galaxy in which a large amount of interstellar gas is detected. In the sky, it occupies 5 °, which is ten times the apparent diameter of the moon. wrong galaxy

FISH Origin of the name. Figure Constellation Pisces on vintage engraving. Figure Constellation Pisces on vintage engraving. The ancient drawings of this constellation depict two fish connected by a ribbon. According to ancient Greek legend, Akid fell in love with the beautiful daughter of the sea god Nereus Galatea. Galatea also answered him with love. But not only Akid fell in love with Galatea. The enormous Cyclops Polyphemus once saw Galatea and also inflamed with passion for her. But suddenly I saw Polyphemus Galatea and Akida in a cool grotto on the seashore. Maddened by jealousy, the mighty cyclops began to destroy everything around. Frightened Galatea, in terror, threw herself into the stormy sea, fleeing from the angry cyclops, so that her father would protect Nereus. A lover of Akid threw himself into the sea for his beloved. They turned into fish, connected by a long and wide ribbon. Gods in honor of such great love lifted these fish to heaven. According to another legend, Pisces is Aphrodite and Eros, fleeing from the terrible Typhon.

Origin of name. The ancient drawings of this constellation depict two fish connected by a ribbon. According to ancient Greek legend, Akid fell in love with the beautiful daughter of the sea god Nereus Galatea. Galatea also answered him with love. But not only Akid fell in love with Galatea. The enormous Cyclops Polyphemus once saw Galatea and also inflamed with passion for her. But suddenly I saw Polyphemus Galatea and Akida in a cool grotto on the seashore. Maddened by jealousy, the mighty cyclops began to destroy everything around. Frightened Galatea, in terror, threw herself into the stormy sea, fleeing from the angry cyclops, so that her father would protect Nereus. A lover of Akid threw himself into the sea for his beloved. They turned into fish, connected by a long and wide ribbon. Gods in honor of such great love lifted these fish to heaven. Constellation Pisces on vintage engraving.

Interesting objects. In this constellation is located α Ursa Minor - the North Star. This is a very important star because of its special location - it is currently located less than a degree from the north pole. The whole heavenly vault, as it were, revolves around her, and she herself remains in place. This is the only practically unmoving star in the sky for the naked eye. The main stars of Ursa Minor form a well-known asterism called "Small Bucket". The North Star is located at the tip of the tail of Ursa Minor. Two stars, forming the bottom of the "Small Bucket", are also called guardians of the pole. The north pole Near the Polar at a distance of 18 "can be seen in the telescope its satellite, whose visible magnitude is 9m. The origin of the name. Figure Ursa Minor in Hevelia atlas. Ursa Minor Hevelius atlas, one of the oldest constellations, on the old maps of the starry sky, Ursa Minor revolves around its long, unlike a bear’s tail. Such a long tail was invented by the Greeks who did not know how these heavenly bears look like. northern animals: The end of the tail of Ursa Minor almost coincides with the north pole of the world, so it seems from the side that the sky is spinning a poor animal by the tail. About three millennia ago, the star of Ursa Minor, with its own name Kokhab, was closest to the North pole of the world. from Arabic, Cohab al-Shemali means a star of the north. In China, this star is called regal. It is believed that this constellation formed Thales of Miletus; he recommended using the bright star of this constellation for orientation in the sea. Thales of Miletus

Origin of the name This is one of the oldest constellations. On old starry sky maps, Ursa Minor revolves around its long, bear-like tail. Such a long tail was invented by heavenly bears by the Greeks, who did not know what these northern animals looked like. The end of the tail of Ursa Minor almost coincides with the north pole of the world, so from the side it seems that the sky spins a poor animal by its tail. About three millennia ago, the closest star to the North Pole of the world was β Ursa Minor, with its own name Kokhab. Translated from Arabic, Cohab al-Shemali means the star of the north. In China, this star is called regal. It is believed that this constellation formed Thales of Miletus; he recommended using the bright star of this constellation for orientation in the sea. Thales of Miletus

The starry sky above us ... In the middle latitudes, about 80% of the celestial sphere is accessible to observation. We will begin our acquaintance with the constellations from the summer sky. In the northern part, Ursa Major and Cassiopeia are visible. In the south, the summer-autumn triangle shines - Vega, Deneb and Altair. The huge cross of the Swan is easy to find on the background of the Milky Way. Closer to the horizon, one can see the brightest star of Scorpio - Antares. To the west of the triangle are Hercules, Northern Crown and Bootes. Ursa Major Cassiopeia Scorpio Swan Hercules Northern Crown Bootes

In winter, the real decoration of the winter sky is the constellation of Orion, resembling a butterfly in shape. To his right is Taurus; red Aldebaran glows in his eye. The charioteer is at the zenith, the Gemini is to the left, and below them is the Small and Big Dog with the brightest star Sirius. In the southeast, Leo is visible, high in the east - Ursa Major, and in the northwest above the setting Pegasus are Cassiopeia and Cepheus. Orion Taurus Gemini Small Big Dog Lion Cepheus The winter triangle is made up of the brightest stars of Orion, Small and Big Dog.

In the fall In the fall in the south you can clearly see the large Pegasus square, under it Pisces. The long chain of stars extending from Pegasus is the Andromeda constellation. The triangle is already low over the horizon. Cassiopeia is now at its zenith. It is easy to recognize in heaven: it forms a figure similar to the letter W. To the left of the dipper of the Big Dipper is Bootes, to the right is Perseus and the Charioteer. Pegasus PiscesAndromeda Bootes Perseus the Charioteer

In spring, the sky is dark: there are few bright stars on it and the Milky Way is not visible. In the north hangs an inverted bucket of Ursa Major. The bucket handle points to the orange Arcturus, the brightest star in the northern sky. On the continuation of this arc, you can find Spica - α Virgo. High in the south lies Leo, between it and Bootes is the constellation of Veronica's Hair. The Pleiades and Orion come to the west. The Virgin of Hair of Veronica Before the invention of the compass, stars were the main landmarks: it was along them that ancient sailors and travelers found the right direction. Astronavigation - orientation by stars - has retained its significance in our age of satellites and nuclear energy. It is necessary for navigators and astronauts, captains and pilots. 25 brightest stars are called navigational, with the help of which the location of the ship is determined.

With the naked eye in the whole sky you can see about 6,000 stars, but we see only half of them, because the Earth covers us from the other half of the starry sky. Due to its rotation, the view of the starry sky is changing. Some stars are just appearing over the horizon (ascending) in its eastern part, others are at this time high above their heads, and still others are hiding behind the horizon in the western side (setting). At the same time, it seems to us that the starry sky rotates as a whole. Now everyone knows that the rotation of the sky is an apparent phenomenon caused by the rotation of the Earth. The picture of what happens as a result of the daily rotation of the Earth with the starry sky allows you to capture the camera. If it were possible to photograph the paths of stars in the sky for a whole day, then the photograph would have turned out to be full circles - 360 °. After all, a day is a period of a complete revolution of the Earth around its axis. In an hour, the Earth will rotate 1/24 of the circumference, i.e. 15 °. Therefore, the length of the arc, which the star will describe during this time, will be 15 °, and in half an hour - 7.5 °. To indicate the position of the stars in the sky, use a coordinate system similar to that used in geography - an equatorial coordinate system. As you know, the position of any point on the globe can be indicated using geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude.

We introduce a system of equatorial coordinates, which indicates the position of the stars on the celestial sphere relative to each other. Draw through the center of the celestial sphere a line parallel to the axis of rotation of the Earth, the axis of the world. It will cross the celestial sphere at two diametrically opposite points, which are called the poles of the world - P and P. "The north pole of the world is the one near which the North Star is located. A plane passing through the center of the sphere parallel to the plane of the Earth's equator forms a circle in cross section with the sphere. called the celestial equator. The celestial equator (like the earthly one) divides the celestial sphere into two hemispheres: the Northern and Southern. The angular distance of the star from the celestial equator is called the declination, which is designated by the Greek bu quoya "delta". The declination is measured in a circle drawn through the luminary and the poles of the world, it is similar to geographical latitude. The second coordinate, which indicates the position of the luminary in the sky, is similar to geographical longitude. This coordinate is called right ascension and is denoted by the Greek letter "alpha". the ascent is counted along the celestial equator from the point of the vernal equinox, in which the Sun occurs annually on March 21 (the day of the vernal equinox). In astronomy, it is customary to express right ascension, not in a degree measure, but in a time. You remember that due to the rotation of the Earth, 15 ° corresponds to 1 hour, and 1 ° - 4 minutes. Therefore, right ascension, equal, for example, 12 hours, is 180 °, and 7 hours 40 minutes corresponds to 115 °.

Observations are carried out using astronomical observatories. The first observatory was created in 4000 BC. e. in the town of Stonehenge (England). The most famous observatories of the Russian Federation: The main astronomical observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences - Pulkovskaya (in St. Petersburg); Special Astrophysical Observatory (in the North Caucasus); State Astronomical Institute. PC. Sternberg (in Moscow).

Telescopes are very different: - optical (general astrophysical purposes, coronographs, telescopes for observing satellites); - radio telescopes; - infrared; - neutrino; - x-ray. For all its diversity, all telescopes receiving electromagnetic radiation solve two main problems: create the sharpest image and, with visual observations, increase the angular distances between objects (stars, galaxies, etc.); collect as much radiation energy as possible, increase the illumination of the image of objects.

The first telescope was built in 1609 by the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei. The telescope was modest in size (tube length 1245 mm, lens diameter 53 mm, eyepiece 25 diopters), imperfect optical design and a 30x magnification. He allowed to make a series of wonderful discoveries (phases of Venus, mountains on the Moon, moons of Jupiter, spots on the Sun, stars in the Milky Way). The very poor image quality in the first telescopes led opticians to look for ways to solve this problem. It turned out that increasing the focal length of the lens significantly improves image quality. Galileo Telescopes (Museum of the History of Science, Florence). Two telescopes are mounted on a museum stand. In the center of the vignette is a broken lens from the first Galileo telescope. Galileo telescopes (Museum of the History of Science, Florence). Two telescopes mounted on a museum stand. In the center of the vignette, a broken lens from the first Galileo telescope.

The Hevelius telescope had a length of 50 m and was suspended by a system of ropes on a pole. The Ozu telescope was 98 meters long. However, he did not have a pipe, the lens was located on a pole at a distance of almost 100 meters from the eyepiece, which the observer held in his hands (the so-called air telescope). It was very inconvenient to observe with such a telescope. Ozu did not make a single discovery. Hevelius and Ozu Telescope

In 1663, Gregory created a new scheme of reflector telescope. Gregory was the first to use a mirror instead of a lens in a telescope. The first reflector telescope was built by Isaac Newton in 1668. The scheme by which it was built was called "Newton's scheme." The length of the telescope was 15 cm.

   In 1963, a 300-meter radio telescope with a spherical antenna began to work in Arecibo on the island of Puerto Rico, installed in a huge natural pit, in the mountains. In 1976, the 600-meter RATAN-600 radio telescope began operating in the North Caucasus in Russia. The angular resolution of the radio telescope at a wavelength of 3 cm is 10 ".

Presentation on the topic "Starry sky" on astronomy in powerpoint format. Beautifully illustrated and filled with interesting facts about the stars and constellations. Presentation authors: Roman Erofeev and Vladimir Boryushkin, 11th grade students.

Fragments from the presentation

On a cloudless and moonless night far from settlements, you can distinguish about 3,000 stars. The entire celestial sphere contains about 6,000 stars visible to the naked eye.

The most famous group of stars in the northern hemisphere is Big Dipper bucket.

Ancient astronomers divided the starry sky into constellations. Most of the constellations named during the time of Hipparchus and Ptolemy have the names of animals or heroes of myths.

Thousands of years ago, bright stars were conventionally connected into figures, which they called constellations.

In 1603, Johann Bayer began to designate the bright stars of each constellation with the letters of the Greek alphabet (α alpha), (β beta), (γ gamma), (ε delta) and so on, in decreasing order of brightness. These designations are still in use.

A constellation is a section of the celestial sphere whose boundaries are determined by a special decision of the International Astronomical Union (IAU). In total, there are 88 constellations in the celestial sphere.

The brightest stars have their own names.

The constellation Ursa Major can serve as a good helper for remembering the brightest stars of the Northern Hemisphere.

It’s easy to determine the northern direction from the Big Dipper bucket.

Before the invention of the compass, stars were the main reference points: it was along them that ancient sailors and travelers found the right direction. Astronavigation (orientation by stars) has retained its significance in our age of satellites and nuclear energy. It is necessary for navigators and astronauts, captains and pilots. 25 brightest stars are called navigation, with the help of which they determine the location of the ship.

Stars, stars, for a long time

Chained you forever

Human eyes are greedy.

And sitting in animal skin

Near the red bonfire

Continuously in the blue dome

He could look until the morning.

“Two things always fill the soul with new and ever stronger surprise and awe, the more often and longer we think about them - this is the starry sky above me and the moral law in me. "

Star

these are celestial bodies that have the property of glowing. Consist of gases (mainly hydrogen and helium). Also, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, neon can be distinguished from the chemical elements making up the mass of stars. The star closest to Earth is the Sun. The closest star to the solar system is the Alpha Centauri star.

Star features

• Star address
• Glitter stars
• Visibility
• Space distances
• Luminosity of stars
• Star system
• Color of stars
• Star sizes
• Star temperature
• Mass of stars
• Spectral class

Celestial sphere

imaginary sphere of arbitrary radius on which celestial bodies are projected: serves to solve various astrometric problems. The eye of the observer is taken as the center of the celestial sphere;

Ecliptic

an imaginary line that shows the path of the sun through the sky throughout the year.

Table

Star name

Constellation name

Sky Visibility

Small Dog

Almost all

July June

Star address

Castor address:

constellation Twins

Gemini constellation (Castor, Pollux)

Neighbors of the star Castor: In the constellation Gemini - Poluks, Alhena, Teat (Posterior), Mebsut, Teat (Prior, Pass), Wasat.

Glitter stars

Stars are divided according to their apparent brightness into magnitudes. . This system was founded by the Greek astronomer Hipparchus in the 2nd century BC. He divided the stars into six categories according to their brightness from the brightest (first magnitude) to the weakest ones, which he could distinguish (sixth magnitude).

The brightest star  northern hemisphere the sky  - Vega in the constellation Lyra  - It has shine 0,1

And the brightest star  whole sky Sirius - has shine

minus 1.3 starry  values

Visibility

Visibility is the effect of random turbulent movements in the atmosphere on the image quality of an astronomical object. In conditions of good visibility, the images are clear and stable; with poor visibility, they are smeared and obliterated; in addition, it seems that they are constantly shifting. Amateur astronomers sometimes use the scale of quality of visibility, denoted by Roman numerals. I - excellent visibility conditions, II-III - normal, IV - bad and V - extremely poor. This scale has been proposed.

Regulus

address: Leo constellation

gloss: 2.14

visibility: february, march

Determining distances to nearby stars.

Parallax method.

For relatively close stars, it is determined by the parallax method. It is known for more than 2 thousand years, and it began to be applied to the stars 160 years ago.

Parallaxes of even the closest stars are less than 1 ". The name of one of the basic units in astronomy is associated with the concept of parallax - parsec .

Parsec is the distance to an imaginary star whose annual parallax is 1 ":

1 parsec \u003d 3.26 light years \u003d 206,265 astronomical units \u003d 3,083 ∙ 10 15 m.

1 a. e. \u003d 149597870 ± 2 km.

A light year (i.e., the distance that light travels in 1 year), it is equal to 0.307 ps, or 9.46 · 10 17 cm.

COSMIC DISTANCES

The star closest to the solar system - the red dwarf of the 12th magnitude of Proxima Centauri - has a parallax of 0.762, i.e., the distance to it is 1.31 ps

(4.3 light-years).

Luminosity of stars

Luminosity is total energy emitted a star  in 1 second.

The luminosity of a star is usually expressed in units of the luminosity of the Sun, L o \u003d 3.86 ∙ 10 26 W

Star Sirius - Luminosity 22 L o Star Canopus - Luminosity 4 700 L o Star Arcturus - Luminosity 107 L o Star Vega - Luminosity 50 L o

Gamal

address: Aries Constellation

gloss: from 9.5 to 12m

visibility: October - February

distance: to the Sun 23.3 pc

luminosity:

is 71 the luminosity of the sun

Star system

The solar system is a planetary system that includes a central star - the Sun - and all natural cosmic objects orbiting around it.

The sun

address :

Milky Way Galaxy

visibility: day

name: Sun

color: yellow orange

temperature: 6 000K

mass: dwarf

spectral class: F

system: Solar

Color of stars

Stars have a variety of colors.

Reds  - the coldest

and white (or even blue  !) - the hottest.

Algol

address: constellation Perseus

shine: 2.2m

visibility: from November to March

distance from the Sun 32 pc

luminosity: 5000 times brighter than the Sun

name: Algol

color: bluish white

“Heavy” stars are hot and white, and “light”

non-massive - red and relatively cold.

Star sizes

The sizes of stars are determined both by direct methods, using optical interferometers, and by theoretical calculations. It turned out that the sizes of most of the observed stars are hundreds of thousands and millions of kilometers

Aldebaran

address: constellation Taurus

shine: 0.85m

visibility: december - january

distance:. 70 light years

luminosity: 150 times greater than the sun

name: Aldebaran

color: red

temperature:

size: huge giant

Shadir

address: constellation Cassiopeia

visibility: spring

distance: at a distance of 20 light years.

luminosity: 500,000 times brighter than the sun

name: Shadir

color: orange giant

temperature: 4,500 K

age: 8 billion years

Star temperature

One of the most important characteristics that determine the physical condition of celestial bodies. The temperature of the stars is determined by their radiation.

address: Dragon constellation

shine: 3,7m

visibility: march may

name: Fog

color: white-blue

temperature: 15 000K

Mass of stars

The more matter gathered in a star, the higher the pressure and temperature in its center, and this determines almost all other characteristics of the star, as well as the features of its life path. For many stars, a simple rule holds: the higher the luminosity, the greater the mass. The masses of stars are in the range from several tens to about 0.1 of the mass of the Sun.

polar Star

Big, Small

Dipper

shine: 2.13m

visibility:

distance:

431 light years,

name: North Star

color: yellowish

temperature: 7000 K.

mass: supergiant

Spectral class

From the spectra of stars, astronomers study the composition and structure of stars, the physical processes that occur in them, determine the distances to stars and study the motion of stars in space. The spectra of stars were first investigated at the beginning of the 19th century. However, the laws of spectral analysis were not yet known at that time.

Antares

address: constellation

shine: 0.8m

visibility: july and august

distance: 173 years

luminosity: 9000 times

name: Antares

color: red

temperature: 3000 t

mass: supergiant

spectral class: M

Constellations of the starry sky

Presentation on Astronomy

Performed by physics teacher Pronkina V.S.

• Ursa Major is a huge constellation of the Northern Hemisphere, representing seven bright stars located in the form of a bucket with a long handle. The penultimate star bears the Arabic name Mizar ("Horse"). Very close to her there is not a bright star Alcor. (The Horseman). By these luminaries one can check visual acuity.

• This was portrayed as Ursa Major in an old star atlas.

• Ursa Major has a long tail. Bears do not. The Greeks said that once Zeus fell in love with the beautiful girl Callisto. But the jealous wife of Zeus Hera turned her into an ugly bear. Then Zeus dragged the beast into heaven and made it a beautiful constellation. Dragged by the tail - so he stretched out.

Ursa Minor

A smaller seven-star bucket shines next to the Ursa Major - this is the constellation Ursa Minor. According to legend, Zeus turned into Ursa Minor the Arcade - the son of Callisto.

Dragon constellation

The long constellation of the Dragon seems to wrap itself around the North Pole, surrounding the Ursa Minor from three sides. The Greeks associate it with the myth of the battle of the gods and the titans. During the battle, one of the titans threw the dragon at the goddess of wisdom Athena, but she grabbed the snake by the tail and threw it into the sky. The wriggling dragon flew to the very heavenly pole and there it froze to the sky.

Andromeda constellation

The huge constellation of Andromeda is a girl with arms outstretched. The wrists were chained to the rock. This is what Perseus saw her. He fell in love with a girl and decided to save her. The king and tsarina promised Perseus that they would give Andromeda to marry him if he protected the girl from the whale. Here the waves foamed, and a sea monster surfaced. Kit was about to pounce on Perseus, but the young man showed him the head of Medusa. Under the gaze of even the dead Medusa, the whale turned into a huge rock. Perseus freed the rescued Andromeda from the shackles. Lovers shone in the sky in constellations

Insert Picture

Cassiopeia constellation

Easiest to find in the sky. It shines in the sky with the giant letter "M"