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Elegy is a poem that comes from deep feelings that embrace the poet. This is usually a sincere piece and very personal. His sentimental reflections are sad, if, rather, not full of deep sorrow. The poem "The Sea" (VA Zhukovsky's elegy) fully meets these requirements.
Masha Protasova
Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky was an illegitimate child, which subsequently did not allow marriage with his beloved. Her mother was so against the misalliance that she would have preferred the death of her daughter to her alliance with this man. This is how Masha looked in the eyes of Vasily Andreevich - young, gentle and beautiful.
She was smart, sensitive and deeply religious. She was so poetic that everything around her turned into poetry. Could Zhukovsky not love him? Of course not. Could he not suffer, knowing that happiness was unattainable? Of course not. He twice wooed Mashenka, but both times he received a categorical refusal. A friend advised me to marry Masha by taking away. But the mother's obedience and religiosity did not allow the girl to agree to such a marriage. They both deeply loved each other and suffered, but the girl followed her sister to Dorpat. Now it is the city of Tartu. With Vasily Andreevich Mashenka vowed to keep friendship all her life, which turned out to be short. And Vasily Andreevich loved his beautiful muse, his beautiful guardian angel so deeply and strongly that he never married.
He carried his bitter happiness throughout his life. The girl in Dorpat married an unworthy man who only seemed decent in society, continuing to love Vasily Andreyevich. The husband, being very jealous, did not allow Mashenka to meet with Zhukovsky. They both submitted to fate. They were separated and in 1822 the elegy "The Sea" was written. The story of the creation of the poem is, in fact, dramatic.
Elegy
Let's start the analysis of the elegy "The Sea" as an image of specific human feelings. Conventionally, 28 stanzas of the poem can be divided into seven unequal parts, in which both the lyrical hero himself and the one he constantly thinks about will be present. Reflections on love, conveyed metaphorically, through the image of the water element, constitute the theme of the elegy. In the first quatrain, the poet conveys his own state with a metaphor of troubled love and anxious thought, using the image of the sea. In the second six-line also, through the image of the element of water, the lyric hero, asking the sea, talks to his beloved.
He asks how she feels in captivity. Affectionately and tenderly asks to open up to him. In the third sixth verse, inspiring the sea, the poet recalls the days of happiness with his beloved, when in the morning and in the evening everything was illuminated by her, everything was kindly and brought joy. In the next quatrain, he metaphorically speaks of how a person behaves when a dream is taken away from him. How he is tormented and struggling with all his might.
This is how the analysis of the poem "The Sea" continues. Elegy, in its penultimate sixth verse, speaks of the deceptive peace that comes after struggling with adversity. This is also a metaphor. It seems that all worries go away, but this view is deceiving. The final two verses speak of an inner turmoil buried deep, but trembling. Love with its doubts, fear, and hope is the theme of Zhukovsky's "Sea" elegy.
Nature as a prototype of Mary
Calm, raging, calming, stormy in its depths, wholly and completely connected with the image of Mary, so close to him and so distant. The theme and idea of \u200b\u200bZhukovsky's elegy "The Sea" are closely intertwined. Fascinated by the water element, he is forever devoted to the spells of Mary, Mashenka. Asking the sea, he asks a young girl to entrust him with her deep secret. Asks her, metaphorically transforming herself into the sky, whether she is drawn to him, distant, light.
The poet soothes his beloved that his thoughts are high and pure, but let her caress him and shine with joy. He believes that if something prevents them from meeting, then Masha will stormy, like the elements of water, protest and rush. But the obstacles disappear, as clouds and haze leave the sea, but Masha is agitated for a long time. She cannot come to her senses, and her calm appearance is deceiving. She is still afraid and, admiring the sky, that is, the poet, trembles for him, for their love. This is an in-depth analysis of the elegy "The Sea", if you know the circumstances of the poet's love.
Part one
The poem seems to be written in one breath, so quickly, so heartfelt that it did not even need to be divided into stanzas. The poem "The Sea" is an elegy in the full sense of the word, since it is sad and very personal. Everything that he wanted, but could not be expressed otherwise, the poet wrote in metaphors in the "Sea". The elegy is dramatic if viewed as a world of nature inspired by the poet. The way Zhukovsky began to relate to nature became a herald of romanticism in Russian poetry. It will be fully animated by the great F. Tyutchev. He will find in her freedom, love, and language. But it starts with the "Sea". The Elegy tells about the poet's observation of the charm of the azure calm sea, which is ready to conduct a dialogue with the distant light sky. The poet asks him if the sea wants to get closer to the sky, just as huge, but, unlike the earth, holding tightly in its arms, light and airy, not burdensome.
Part two
The bright sky fills the sea with azure, makes it burn with light. Golden clouds caress the sea. The Elegy tells how joyfully the night stars are reflected in the sea. If the sky is the soul of man, then the sea is his secret, unknown and invisible world. The soul ascends to heaven to know bliss. But its second part - water - with visible serenity and peace is always worried.
Part three
The excitement of the sea can turn into a storm. And then - everything, beware. Do not take away the clear sky from the sea by storm clouds. It will fight fiercely, turn into gray and leaden, but it will defend its peace and tranquility, put an end to the darkness.
Part four
The work "The Sea" is a two-faced elegy. After the storm and the storm, the poet analyzes what he saw. He sees the clouds and haze scattering, the sky again shines with azure, but the sea remembered the bad weather for a long time, everything inside it is bubbling and seething.
Waves rise for a long time. Even at first glance, calmed down, in internal turmoil, the sea is afraid of losing the sky with its sweet brilliance.
Conclusion
The poem was written in 1822, but published much later, seven years later, when Maria Protasova was no longer alive.
She died in childbirth. The sharp pain passed, and already the personal disappeared under the waves of the sea. The elegy, written by amphibrach, conveys the swaying of the waves. It does not have the usual rhyme for a poem. This is the one that gives the piece greatness and solemnity. They also emphasize that a person under any circumstances must remain a person. When he is gone, the heavens will still shine and the waves of the sea will beat on the shore.
The composition is a comparative analysis of Zhukovsky's elegy "The Sea" and Pushkin's poem "To the Sea". For this, it is necessary to recall the plan for the analysis of the lyric work, according to which we will compare the two poems, looking for common features and highlighting differences.
1. Introduction.
The introduction to the essay should be emotional and original. It is necessary to say about your first impression of reading the failure of works, and about the generality of the topic, and about the similarity of names.
2. Literary direction.
Both works belong to the romantic direction: in both one feels dissatisfaction with reality, an impulse for freedom, a desire for an ideal. The world of the romantic is a sublime, unusual, extraordinary world.
3. Time of writing.
Both works were written at the same time: Zhukovsky's elegy - in 1822, Pushkin's poem - in 1824. This is the heyday of Russian romanticism: the era after Russia's victory in the Patriotic War of 1812, on the eve of the Decembrist uprising - the era of the rise of national consciousness, the time of hopes , expectations of changes associated with dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality, an impulse for freedom - personal, social.
4. Themes of the works.
Visual means of language in creating the image of the sea.
Both poems are united by one circle of themes: the sea and man, his soul, love, impulse for freedom, striving for the ideal. Therefore, both works can be attributed to landscape-philosophical and love lyrics. Both lyrical works are based on a seascape. What do Zhukovsky and Pushkin have in common in the image of the sea? What pictorial means do poets use to create this image?
Both authors portray the sea as beautiful, majestic. It visibly appears before us thanks to pictorial epithets. At Zhukovsky, "the azure sea burns with evening and morning light, caressing golden clouds." In Pushkin it “rolls blue waves and shines with proud beauty”, we see “its rocks, its bays, and shine, and shadow ...”, but in the depiction of the seascape both in Zhukovsky and in Pushkin psychological, emotional-evaluative epithets prevail - so the natural landscape becomes, under the pen of artists, a psychological landscape, a "landscape of the soul" of a lyrical hero.
In Zhukovsky's elegy, "the silent sea", full of "a mysterious, sweet life," is filled with "troubled love, anxious thought"; his "tense chest" breathes, his "immense bosom" keeps a "deep secret". In Pushkin's poem we hear the “sad”, “inviting” noise of the sea, its “wayward outbursts”, we see its “boring, motionless shore”. But for Pushkin, the sea is first of all a "free element". An amazing combination of words! After all, “element” and “freedom” are concepts of the same semantic series - the epithet “free” thereby doubles the meaning of the word “element”. For the poet, the sea is “freedom squared”: unlimited, absolute freedom, beyond the control of anyone!
For both Zhukovsky and Pushkin, the sea is unpredictable and capricious. This contradiction, inherent in the very nature of the sea element, is emphasized by the antithesis underlying both works. Zhukovsky opposes the calm sea, pouring with "radiant azure", that is, the light of dawn, with the stormy sea, which "tears and torments the hostile mist", which gives the elegies tension and dynamics.
Both Zhukovsky and Pushkin animate the sea. Not only epithets but also other language means help to show it to living poets. So, Zhukovsky uses the personification: “you are alive; you breathe; you are filled with confused love, anxious thought. " At the same time, the author builds concepts as the features intensify, using gradation as a stylistic figure. Therefore, the sea appears before us as a living being, able not only to breathe, but also to passionately love and even think deeply.
Pushkin, using the metaphor of the “voices of the abyss”, the personification of “you waited, you called,” the comparison of “the inviting noise of the sea with the call of a friend at the“ farewell hour ”, emphasizes the closeness of the free sea element to the state of his soul, his impulse to freedom.
Both Zhukovsky and Pushkin use various poetic means, which give their works emotionality, expressiveness, and melody.
A) Inversion, which enhances the semantic meaning of keywords in the verse. For Zhukovsky: "over your abyss", "your secret", "golden clouds", "with his stars", etc .; in Pushkin: "blue waves", "mournful murmur", "summoning noise", etc.
B) Verbal repetitions, making poetic speech expressive and musical. In Zhukovsky: "the silent sea, the azure sea", "sweet life", "sweet shine"; in Pushkin - the repetition of the words: "goodbye", "noise", "you", "one rock"; "For a long, long time I will hear ...", "your rocks, your bays ...".
C) Anaphora, which enhances the expressiveness, elevation of the verse. Zhukovsky has a lexical anaphora - repetition of the same word "you", one line "silent sea, azure sea ..."; syntactic anaphora - repetition of the same syntactic constructions: "You are alive", "You are pure"; "What he breathes"; "You are pouring ...", "You are beating," "You are tearing." And Pushkin has the same stylistic figure: "How ... murmur ...", "How ... call"; "One Object", "One Rock"; “They submerged there”, “He died out there”, “He rested there”; "How powerful you are."
D) Emotional and psychological pauses, marked with dots and dashes, expressing the feelings of the lyric hero. So, for example, Zhukovsky, after a series of questions addressed to the sea, puts an ellipsis, denoting infinity, the insolubility of these questions and the inability to fully comprehend the "deep secret" of the "silent sea".
In the seventh stanza of Pushkin's poem we read: "You waited, you called ... I was bound." The ellipsis here testifies to the figure of silence: the author leaves the reader to guess for himself what kind of storm of feelings, what impulses and dreams aroused in him by the contemplation of the endless sea.
Emotionality, expressiveness of both lyric works is also expressed in many question and exclamation marks.
E) Zhukovsky and Pushkin use solemn vocabulary, Slavicisms, archaisms, outdated forms of words, giving the works solemnity, majesty (in Zhukovsky: "confused love", "you shine with stars", "clouds are gathering", "you rise waves" "; In Pushkin:" you shine ... with beauty "," on the banks "," the voices of the abyss "," the humble sail of fishermen "," vain "(in vain)," now "," mighty "," memories of the majestic "," in the desert are silent "). All these poetic means bring together the works of poets.
5. Images of lyrical heroes.
The images of the lyrical heroes make one think about the differences between the two works. And here, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the titles of the poems. How do these headlines convey the characters of the lyrical heroes? The title of Zhukovsky's elegy "The Sea" testifies to the passive-contemplative position of the hero, there are no answers to his questions, the sea keeps the secret of its love, only partially revealing it. The lyrical hero stands "enchanted over the abyss", right above the deep sea, most likely on a ship: he seems to be swaying on the waves, and around only the sea and the sky.
The title of Pushkin's poem "To the Sea" testifies to the fact that the lyric hero is active, he stands on the shore, hatches plans to escape, but decides to stay, charmed by the "mighty passion" of love. The sea is a friend for him, the sea is waiting, calling ... The lyrical hero hears his inviting noise, declares his love for him, says goodbye to him, promising not to forget.
6. Compositional originality, genre, ideological content.
The composition of the works is also different. The cyclic composition is characteristic of Zhukovsky's elegy: first a calm sea - then a stormy one - then the elements calms down again - the cycle is completed, the circle is closed, but the sea “in the abyss of the deceased hides confusion” - a harbinger of a new storm. What is the evidence of such a composition, what is the author's understanding of the elements of the sea? No matter how free, boundless, capricious, contradictory this element is, it still obeys the laws of nature, the eternal law of cyclicality, like the change of seasons, like the life of all living things.
Freedom, even in nature, is not unlimited, and therefore unattainable. Just as the ideal is unattainable, as the sky is unattainable for the sea. The moods prevailing in Zhukovsky's work are sadness, melancholy, melancholy. Therefore, the genre of elegy is not accidentally chosen by the author: this genre emphasizes the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe romantic poet about the inaccessibility of the ideal in human life.
What is the composition of Pushkin's poem? What role does it play in the work? The basic principle of the composition of the poem "To the Sea" can be defined as free (emphasizing freedom even more), associative (affirming the freedom of human thought). The stanzas are not connected with each other by plot, but this does not at all interfere with the general impression of the unity of the whole. The composition is based not on logical, but on associative links.
The memory of the "free element" - of the sea - is replaced by the memory of a strong impulse for personal freedom, of the desire to break free, of plans to escape; this suggests another, even stronger impulse, about another element - love, "mighty passion", which did not allow the poet to break free from the shackles; images of the sea - "free elements" and love - "captivity" give rise to the image of the tall prisoner - Napoleon in the poet's imagination, make one think about his fate, about the illusion of glory. The ending of the poem is life-affirming, in major. Therefore, the author does not designate the genre of his poem as an elegy.
7. Conclusion.
Comparing the poems of Zhukovsky and Pushkin with such similar names, we reveal their common and different features, discovering the depth and originality of character, creative manner, the system of moral values \u200b\u200bof contemporary poets, poets - friends.
Elegy (from Latin elegia - plaintive flute melody) is a genre of lyric poetry, a poem of a sad character, the main features of which are:
a) philosophical reflections;
b) solitude in the bosom of nature;
c) expression of melancholy, regret;
d) motives of loneliness, disappointment, anticipation of suffering, joy and grief of love;
e) tragic outlook;
f) dissonance between real life and the ideal of the lyrical hero.
For a romantic, sadness is a high feeling, it is always a call somewhere, it is a sign of eternal dissatisfaction and a thirst for change. These are the basic moods corresponding to the elegy genre beloved by romantic poets.
"The Sea" by V. Zhukovsky is written in the spirit of romanticism. The poem shows how subtly the poet felt the powerful element. At school it is studied in grade 9. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with a brief analysis of "Sea" according to plan. He will be an excellent assistant in preparing for lessons and EGE.
Brief analysis
History of creation - was written in 1822, when V. Zhukovsky had already formed as a poet and was known in literary circles.
Poem theme - the beauty and character of the sea.
Composition - The work is conventionally divided into semantic parts: a description of a calm sea and a landscape that reproduces the raging sea expanses. Formally, the poem is not divided into stanzas.
Genre - elegy.
Poetic size - tricycle amphibrachium, lines do not rhyme.
Metaphors – “You're alive; you breathe confused love, you are filled with anxious thought ”,“ what moves your immense bosom ”,“ you fight, you howl, you lift waves ”,“ you, admiring the sky, tremble for it ”.
Epithets – "Silent sea, azure sea", "earthly bondage", "distant, bright sky", "mysterious, sweet"a life, "Radiant azure", "dark clouds".
History of creation
The analyzed poem was written by V. Zhukovsky in 1822. The mature period of the poet's work was marked by the transition from sentimentalism to romanticism. This trend was very popular in Russian literature at the beginning of the 19th century. We can see its signs in "The Sea", which researchers consider the poet's programmatic work.
The history of the creation of the poem is associated with the personal experiences of the author. At the time of the appearance of the literary sea landscape, he was in love with Maria Protasova, but he could not start a family with her. Maria's mother was the poet's cousin.
Theme
In the work, the author develops the theme of the beauty and power of the sea element. The main characters of the lines are the lyrical hero and the sea. In order to show all facets of the elements, V. Zhukovsky creates static and dynamic landscapes in one work.
Under the image of the lyrical hero, there is a mature man who knows how to understand nature, and talks to the sea like an old friend. Being alone with the sea brings him pleasure: "I stand enchanted over your abyss."
In the first part of the poem, the sea is silent. The eye of the lyrical hero is pleased with the azure sea. The man is sure that the sea is alive, and he also knows that the expanses of water are fraught with a disturbing thought. The lyrical hero asks the sea to reveal its secrets, hidden deep in the bosom. He guesses that the sea element is reaching for the sky. It merges with the "radiant azure" of the sky, is filled with its light.
The union of sea and sky is destroyed by black clouds. They are trying to take away the height, but the water element does not give it up without a fight. The sea beats, howls, seethes with waves and breaks the mist. Soon it wins the victory, but for a long time it worries, heated up by the battle. To reproduce the raging sea, the author strings verbs. They add dynamism to the landscape.
In the last verses, the lyrical hero tells how the sea admires the sky motionlessly, and inside worries about it. Apparently, this "character trait" of the sea is what the hero likes.
It can be assumed that by means of metaphorical images V. Zhukovsky spoke about his relationship with M. Protasova. The sea is the embodiment of the author himself, and the sky symbolizes his beloved.
Composition
In the 9th grade, it is important to be able to analyze the semantic and formal organization of works. According to the meaning, "Sea" can be divided into two parts: a description of a calm sea and a landscape that reproduces the raging sea expanses. The poem is not divided into stanzas. Due to the peculiarities of the composition, the lines resemble waves in the endless sea.
Genre
V. Zhukovsky himself defined the poem as an elegy. Indeed, it was written in this genre, because the work is of a contemplative nature, and sad notes appear in its lines. The poetic dimension is a three-foot amphibrach. The lines are not linked by rhymes, their consonance is based on rhythm.
Expression tools
To convey the inner state of the lyrical hero and reproduce the beauty of the sea, V. Zhukovsky used artistic means. The main role in the text is played by metaphors: “You're alive; you breathe confused love, you are filled with anxious thought ”,“ what moves your immense bosom ”,“ you fight, you howl, you lift waves ”,“ you, admiring the sky, tremble for it ”. Epithetsgive expressiveness to marine paintings: "silent sea, azure sea", "earthly bondage", "distant, bright sky", "mysterious, sweet" life, "radiant azure", "dark clouds".
Poem test
Analysis rating
Average rating: 4.5. Total ratings received: 184.
A person has always been attracted by the image of the sea: the element prompted one to think, beckoned with its secrets, called to meet adventure. It occupies a special place in the art of romanticism, when the rebel hero compares himself to the raging water element. One of the first Russian writers to draw a parallel between the sea and man, and even personified the element, was V. A. Zhukovsky.
His famous elegy "The Sea" V.A. Zhukovsky created in 1822 - in the mature period of his work. By this time, the poet no longer turns to the motives of sentimentalism, but develops precisely the romantic ideology. The poem "The Sea" occupies a central place in the author's work, it becomes the standard of Russian romanticism.
The poem "The Sea" is dedicated to Maria Protasova. Zhukovsky had tender feelings for this girl, but he could not marry her. The fact is that Masha's mother E. A. Protasova was a cousin of the writer, she considered the relationship between her daughter and her cousin too close to give permission for marriage. The pain of this disappointment was reflected in the entire work of the poet.
Genre and size
The work was written in a special style characteristic of that time. The genre of Zhukovsky's poem "The Sea" is an elegy. Poets of the era of romanticism very often turned to her. Literally "elegy" is translated as "complaint". Interestingly, this genre has retained its characteristics since antiquity. The elegy has a philosophical character, it expresses longing, lyrical reflection. All this is characteristic of the poem "The Sea".
In addition to content, this genre also implies technical features. The authors often choose the average volume of the work, which makes it possible to create a detailed statement, a three-syllable size, which gives melodiousness. Zhukovsky's toolbox is curious. He writes his elegy in white verse, that is, while maintaining the size and rhythm, there is no rhyme. The size of the poem "The Sea" is a four-legged amphibrach. All these characteristic properties make the work sensual, deeply imbued with poetic sadness.
Direction
The role of elegies in romanticism cannot be overemphasized. Like no other, in this genre, the romantic poet could fully express his emotions, talk about his suffering, about mental pain. Developing in his work the tendencies of romanticism V.A. Zhukovsky did not ignore this genre. His first elegy "The Country Cemetery" was written back in 1802, this is a translation of a poem by Gray. This arrangement allowed sentimentalists to regard Zhukovsky as their successor, but already in it one can see the motives of appeal and resistance belonging to romanticism.
A completely different author appears to the reader in the elegy of 1822. Having created his own special interpretation of the image of the sea, Zhukovsky becomes the founder of a new tradition in Russian literature. Since then, poets often turn to the motive of this element: Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev. The very idea of \u200b\u200bthe closeness of man and nature is very close to the era of romanticism. It is known that A.S. Pushkin highly appreciated "More", and two years later he wrote a poem with the same title.
Composition
The "Sea" elegy can be divided into three parts.
- Initially, a dialogue of the lyrical hero with the sea takes place, the author contemplates the "silent" sea, is fascinated by it, but feels that this visible peace keeps some kind of secret.
- The second part describes the storm, which the lyrical hero gives a very curious explanation. It is caused by the fact that "dark clouds" disturb the idyll of the sea and sky.
- The final part - the author again returns to the description of the calm element that loops the poem. However, now he already knows what secret is kept in the depths of the waters.
It is interesting that the sea itself remains calm throughout the entire work, the storm is imagined by the author. But it is precisely this way of reasoning that allows the poet to make the composition in three parts, which gives dynamism to the work and convincingness to the author's conclusion.
Heroes and their characteristics
The main hero of the elegy is the sea. Let's consider in what ways the poet draws the image of the sea. It is not enough to say that the element is personified, it is anthropomorphic. The sea is alive, it breathes, but most importantly, it has all the psychological qualities of a person. It is in love with the clear sky when it is reflected in its waters - the sea is happy and serene. But sometimes this idyll is disturbed by clouds that hide the sky from admiring waters. The water surface reacts sharply to separation from the sky: it resists, tries to resist the "hostile darkness" in order to regain its happiness.
After imagining this picture, the lyrical hero of the poem guessed what secret the sea hides. Now he feels his kinship with him - he understood the sea, and the sea - his. Perhaps he is experiencing the same tragedy, and that is why he stands above the abyss ... All this brings the characters together: both are prone to contemplation, they feel the same pain for two.
Topics
- The main theme of the elegy "Sea" is the impossibility of love. And this is where the autobiographical character is characteristic of most of the poet's lyrics. He could not marry his beloved M.A. Protasova. Young people did not dare to get married without the blessing of their mother and remained good friends. Thus, the allegory in the elegy is more optimistic than the fate of the writer himself, because the separating force only temporarily invades the union of the sky and the depths of water, and he is not given a marriage union with his beloved. Perhaps the image of the sea turned out to be so psychological because the author transferred his own experiences to it.
- The motive of the struggle follows from the above topic. The confrontation between the sea and the clouds is the culmination of the poem. But, even having won a victory, it will never be calm: the sea is doomed to always fear that the haze at any moment may again try to take away its happiness.
- In addition, the theme of loneliness sounds in the work. It is not just that the lyrical hero turns to the sea - he is alone, he rejoices that the elements are happy in admiring the sky, but at the same time he also feels the alarm of the elements. The abyss of water worries about its light azure, is afraid of losing it again and being left alone, maybe forever.
Idea
Zhukovsky's poem reflects the main idea of \u200b\u200bromanticism - the relationship between man and nature. The poet urges to learn from her both contemplation and resistance, and the meaning of the poem "The Sea" is that you need to fight for your happiness. As an example, a person is given the element that triumphs over the darkness. Unfortunately, the sea will never be as serene as before, but it is with the sky again! Perhaps the author of the poem himself would also like to boldly and firmly overcome all the obstacles standing on the way to the desired marriage.
Artistic means
The paths of the poem "The Sea" work to create unique author's images. The elegy is rich in various artistic means.
The role of epithets in the work is significant. With the help of them, the author in the first part of Zhukovsky conveys the calmness of the elements: "silent", "azure". This is followed by personifications that endow the sea with a feeling soul: "you breathe," "your tense chest breathes." In the culminating and final parts, the state of the sea will be conveyed by verbs that convey movement or state of mind, which endows the image with psychologism: “pouring”, “splashing”, “howling”, “beating”, “heaving”, “admiring, trembling”. This state is also characterized by the epithet "frightened", referring to the waves.
The opposing force has characteristic epithets: "dark" (clouds), "hostile" (haze).
Epithets also convey the joy of the meeting of the sky and the sea, it is no coincidence that the “shine of the returned heavens” is precisely “sweet”.
There are poems and figures of speech in the text. To begin with, I would like to note that the elegy contains the speech patterns characteristic of romanticism: "tense chest", "sweet life".
The text of the bases does not avoid antitheses: the opposing forces have corresponding epithets (clear sky - dark clouds).
In the first part, such a figure of speech as a rhetorical question is repeatedly encountered: "What drives your immense bosom?"
The ellipsis at the end of the climactic part allows the author to interrupt the narrative on the most dramatic note and again return to dialogue with the mysteriously calm sea.
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!| Literary Direction, genre | The size | Materials for C3 |
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| Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky "Sea" | Romanticism elegy | amphibrach | The main theme of the elegy "Sea" is the depiction of two worlds - the sea and the sky. This is how the author embodies the idea of \u200b\u200ba romantic double world in his work. As you know, the world for romantics is divided into two parts: "here" and "there". “There” and “here” is an antithesis (opposition), these categories are correlated as an ideal and reality. The despised “here” is a modern reality where evil and injustice prevail. “There” is a kind of poetic reality, which the romantics opposed to reality. |
| "Svetlana" | Romanticism Ballad (lyric epic work) | The main themes of the ballad "Svetlana" - the theme of retribution and the theme of happiness... In the center of the work is fortune-telling on Epiphany night and a terrible dream, which was resolved safely. Based on the work of Burger, "Svetlana", of course, can be considered the original creation of Zhukovsky. In "Svetlana" the plot is traditional for romantic poetry. The groom returns to the lonely bride after a long separation. He invites the maiden on a long journey and she embarks on a strange journey. The dark night, the light of the moon, the deserted cemetery, the ominous words of the groom - everything heralds some kind of terrible end. In the finale, it turns out that the groom is revived in order to take the bride with him to the grave, the dead, and the maiden dies with him. Using a romantic plot, the author creates a national creation close to folklore. Hopeless mysticism turns into a nightmare, and the life-affirming beginning comes to the fore. |
Test on the creativity of V.A. Zhukovsky
IN 1.What genre does VA Zhukovsky's poem "The Sea" belong to?
IN 2.What poetic dimensions does VA Zhukovsky use in the poem "The Sea"?
IN 3.What is the composition of VA Zhukovsky's poem "The Sea" based on?
AT 4.What is the name of the stylistic device in literary criticism, which consists in repeating homogeneous consonant sounds in a poetic line:
You beat, you howl, you lift the waves,
AT 5.What is the name of the artistic technique used by V.A. Zhukovsky, depicting the sea "alive", "breathing", filled with "anxious thought", talking about the unrestrained element that "beats", "howls", "tears and torments the hostile mist"?
AT 6.The opposition of which two worlds is the main theme of VA Zhukovsky's poem "The Sea"?
AT 7.What is the name of the creative method and literary direction, which were embodied in the ballad of V.A. Zhukovsky "Svetlana"?
AT 8.What kind of work is a free translation of VA Zhukovsky's ballads "Lyudmila" and "Svetlana"?
AT 9.What holiday are the events of VA Zhukovsky's ballad "Svetlana" timed to?
AT 10 O'CLOCK.What kind of fortune-telling does Svetlana resort to?
AT 11.What are the two dominant colors in the ballad?
| B1 | elegy | ||
| B2 | four-foot amphibra white | ||
| B3 | depicting the sea | ||
| B4 | alliteration | ||
| B5 | impersonation | ||
| B6 | sea \u200b\u200bof \u200b\u200bthe sky | ||
| B7 | romanticism | ||
| B8 | Lenora GABürger | ||
| B9 | christmastide | ||
| B10 | mirrored | ||
| B11 | black and white |
Sea
Silent sea, azure sea
You caress his golden clouds
You tear and torment the hostile mist ...
You hide confusion in the deceased abyss,
(V.A.Zhukovsky)
AT 8.What kind of literature does the work belong to?
AT 9.Indicate the number (s) of the line (s) (ordinal in the nominative case) in which the poet uses gradation.
AT 10 O'CLOCK.What type of attitude is characteristic of the lyrical hero of V.A. Zhukovsky?
AT 11.From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the first four lines of this poem (indicate the numbers in ascending order).
1) impersonation
2) inversion
3) epithet
4) comparison
5) synecdoche
AT 12.The sea and the sky are ambiguous images that connect different layers of the elegy's artistic world. They are a sign of the soul's aspiration to higher principles, form a system of correspondences (the sea is the human soul; the sky is the "World soul"), etc. What is the custom to call such images?
C3.
C4.
AT 8. Lyrics
AT 9. Nineteenth, twentieth
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Romantic
B11.312
AT 12. Symbols
C3.How is the problem of romantic "double world" solved in this poem?
Reflecting on the question posed in the question, note that for VA Zhukovsky, the key elegiac motive of the work is associated with the system of "dual world". Show that this motive is most consistently realized in the system of the subjective landscape, therefore a romantic antithesis "here" and "there" is created in the poem. Explain that VA Zhukovsky's concept of “here” is associated with the concept of peace, bliss, happiness. Therefore, the relationship between the earthly and the heavenly takes on the form of a consistent dualism (double world) in the poem. Endowing nature with secrets, revealing through the picture of nature the infinite depth of the human soul, the poet conveys dissatisfaction with existing ones and a passionate desire for the ideal, without which human life is impossible.
Summing up your thoughts, conclude that the romantic antithesis "here" and "there" allows the author of the poem to enlarge the scale of what is depicted and show the inner world of a person in all its greatness and beauty.
C4.Which of the Russian poets created the image of the sea, and in what way are these works comparable to the poem given here?
Answering this question, point out that the image of the sea is one of the traditional images of Russian lyrics. Show that the aesthetic and semantic potential of this image was used by A.S. Pushkin ("To the Sea"), M.Yu. Lermontov ("Sail"), F.I. Tyutchev ("Sea and Cliff") and many other Russian poets ...
Pushkin praised the elegy of his literary mentor, and it became a reminiscent source of his own poem. Like V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Pushkin's sea is a living being, his thoughts and feelings are clear to the lyrical hero.
Note that the artistic work of the author of the famous elegy and M.Yu. Lermontov. In his poem "The Sail", he applies a two-level principle of structuring artistic space (sea-sky) and repeats a series of images (the sea is "a stream of lighter azure").
Conclude your observations with a brief conclusion about the enduring aesthetic value of the image of the sea created in the elegy of V.A. Zhukovsky and the laws of the artistic development of this image by contemporary poets.
Sea
Silent sea, azure sea
I stand enchanted above your abyss.
You are alive; you breathe; troubled love
You are filled with anxious thought.
Silent sea, azure sea
Tell me your deepest secret.
What drives your immense bosom?
What does your tense chest breathe?
Or pulls you out of earthly bondage
Distant, bright sky to yourself? ..
Mysterious, sweet full of life
You are pure in the presence of his pure:
You are pouring his radiant azure
You burn with evening and morning light,
You caress his golden clouds
And you shine joyfully with his stars.
When the dark clouds gather
To take the clear sky away from you -
You beat, you howl, you lift the waves,
You tear and torment the hostile mist ...
And the haze disappears and the clouds go away
But, full of his past anxiety,
You heave frightened waves for a long time,
And the sweet glitter of the returned skies
Silence does not return you at all;
Deceiving your immobility look:
You hide confusion in the deceased abyss,
You, admiring the sky, tremble for it.
(V.A.Zhukovsky)
AT 7.Name the genre of VA Zhukovsky's "Sea".
AT 8.What technique, consisting in imparting the properties of living things to an inanimate object, does the author use to create an image of the sea?
AT 9.The image of the sea is given with the help of expressive, emotionally colored definitions (for example, “silent” sea, “frightened” waves, “disturbing” thought). What are these definitions called?
AT 10 O'CLOCK.The author contrasts the picture of a calm sea in clear weather with the image of an agitated, raging sea. What is the name of the method of contrasting image comparison in literary studies?
AT 11.What is the name of the repetition of the same syntactic elements at the beginning of adjacent structures (for example, " you purely in the presence of pure it: / You pouring his radiant azure ")?
AT 12.Name the poetic meter, which wrote the work of VA Zhukovsky "Sea".
C3.
C4.
AT 7. Elegy
AT 8. Impersonation
AT 9. Epithet
AT 10 O'CLOCK. Antithesis
AT 11. Anaphora
AT 12. Amphibrachium
C3.By what poetic means is the title image created in Zhukovsky's poem?
Zhukovsky's sea is a living creature with its own mysterious fate. The lyrical hero listens to the breath of the sea, trying to guess his "disturbing thoughts". However, the sea remains indifferent to the hero. In Zhukovsky's elegy, the antithesis of sky and sea is important. Reflecting the sun's rays, the stars of the sky, the sea becomes its counterpart on earth. The sky magically attracts to itself from "earthly bondage" the sea striving for free. The poet describes the sea in an impressionistic manner: it is a moment of almost imperceptible hesitation, trembling, flickering, and that is why the verbs that convey the disturbing movement of the sea are so important for him: “beat”, “heave”, “tremble”. Zhukovsky does not use saturated, bright colors, but exotic, individually meaningful tones: in the poem we see the “azure sea”, “radiant azure” of the sky, “golden clouds”. The uniform beat of waves corresponds to the size used by the poet - amphibrachial tetrameter.
C4.In what works of Russian poets of the 19th century is the image of the sea presented and what are the similarities and differences in the techniques with which this image was created?
The sea - free, unpredictable, mysterious - corresponds to the maximum extent to the artist's ideas about the proud and independent soul of a romantic hero. Russian romantic poets have repeatedly turned to the image of the sea in their poems, and among the most striking and artistically significant works should be called "To the Sea" by A.S. Pushkin and "Parus" by Lermontov. The most important method of creating the image of the sea is personification. In both Zhukovsky and Pushkin, the lyrical hero addresses the sea to you - but the elegy of the former remains a monologue (the sea is silent), while in Pushkin, a confidential dialogue unfolds in the poem (in the literal sense of the word: the hero trusts the sea with the “cherished intent” of escape ) conversation of friends: "Like a friend, a mournful rumble, / What is his call at the farewell hour, / Your sad noise, your inviting noise / I heard for the last time. In terms of the strength of his spiritual aspirations, the lyrical hero of Pushkin is equal to the "free element" - the hero of Zhukovsky remains only an attentive observer. In Lermontov's poem, the sail comes to the fore - a symbol of a rebellious soul seeking freedom. He is ready to compete with the elements of the sea: his will for freedom and his thirst for true life are limitless. The sea in this poem gives way to the dominant place of the sail: it is on it that those indomitability, power, impulse are transferred, which the sea is endowed with in Pushkin and Zhukovsky; Lermontov's sail becomes "rebellious", and the stormy sea becomes an active background against which the poetic plot unfolds
Here in the light room the table is set
White shroud;
And on that table stands
Mirror with a candle;
Two instruments on the table.
“Make a guess, Svetlana;
In clean mirror glass
At midnight, no deception
You will know your lot:
Your darling will knock on the door
With an easy hand;
A constipation will fall from the doors;
He will sit down at his device
Supper with you. "
Here is one beauty;
Sits down to the mirror;
With secret timidity she
Looks in the mirror;
It's dark in the mirror; around
Dead silence;
Candle with quivering fire
A little shine ...
The shyness in her excites the chest,
It's scary for her to look back
Fear clouded the eyes ...
The light puffed with a crash,
The cricket screamed piteously,
Midnight Herald.
Supported with an elbow,
Svetlana is breathing a little ...
Here ... just a little lock
Someone knocked, hears;
He looks timidly in the mirror:
Behind her shoulders
Someone seemed to glitter
With bright eyes ...
The spirit was engaged from fear ...
Suddenly a rumor flies into her
Quiet, light whisper:
“I am with you, my beauty;
The heavens were tamed;
Your murmur is heard! "
Looked back ... dear to her
Stretches out his arms.
“Joy, the light of my eyes,
There is no separation for us.
Let's go! Pop is already waiting in church
With a deacon, sexton;
The choir sings a wedding song;
The temple sparkles with candles. "
There was a tender look in response;
They go to a wide yard
At the gates of the Tesova;
At the gate their sleds are waiting;
The horses tear
The motives are silk.
They sat down ... the horses at once;
Smoke with nostrils;
From their hooves rose
Blizzard over the sleigh.
They are jumping ... everything is empty;
Steppe in the eyes of Svetlana;
There is a foggy circle on the moon;
Glades glisten a little.
The prophetic heart trembles;
The shy maiden says:
"Why have you stopped, dear?"
Not a word to her in response:
He looks at the moonlight
Pale and dull.
(V.A.Zhukovsky)
IN 1. Determine the genre of the piece from which the fragment is taken.
IN 2. What direction of Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century does Zhukovsky's work belong to?
IN 3... What is the name of the figurative definitions used by Zhukovsky: "white shroud", "in clean glass", "light hand", "bright eyes", "foggy circle"?
AT 4. What is the name of the compositional element, images of nature in a literary work:
There is a foggy circle on the moon;
Glades glisten a little.
AT 5. Determine the poetic meter with which the work is written.
C1. With the help of what pictorial means in the presented fragment is the image of the heroine created and what exactly does she appear?
C2. How is the theme of fate embodied in this work of Zhukovsky, and in which subsequent works of Russian literature will this theme be the leading one?
For what purpose did V.A. Zhukovsky introduces Russian folk motifs into the traditional ballad plot? (based on the ballad "Svetlana")
It is not for nothing that Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is called “the literary Columbus of Rus”, who opened her “America of Romanticism”. He translated the ballads of Western European romantics Goethe, Schiller Walter Scott, but at the same time noted: "A translator in prose is a slave, a translator in verse is a rival." The poet saw the main task in creating a Russian ballad. That is why it might be necessary to return to the previously used literary material, as happened with the ballad "Svetlana". It is known that it was preceded by a free translation of the ballad of the German poet G.-A. Burgher "Lenora", which came out in 1808 under the name "Lyudmila". The tragic ending of the ballad (the death of Lyudmila) clearly expresses the idea of \u200b\u200bthe doom of a person who is powerless in the fight against fate.
The idea to show the heroine of the ballad “with a Russian soul” was realized in “Svetlana”, written in 1808-1812. Here the poet departs much further from the German original, introducing a national-Russian flavor into the work. The action takes place in the "Epiphany evening", which has long been considered the time of miracles in Russia. The ballad is full of signs of Russian life, traditions and beliefs: fortune-telling on a shoe, "sub-saucer" songs, fortune-telling with a candle and a mirror. At the same time, the poet retains the traditional paraphernalia of the ballad: the action takes place at midnight, the fantastic journey with the dead groom is accompanied by alarming omens (“A black lie whistling with a wing / Waving over the sleigh”), an atmosphere of gloomy mystery (“The moon glows dimly / In the gloom of fog .. . ”) Is enhanced by the mention of death (on the way to God's temple, Svetlana sees“ in the middle of a black coffin ”). All this prepares a fantastic scene in the hut: "... under a white canvas / The dead moves."
Creating a psychologically reliable image of a Russian girl, Zhukovsky emphasizes that she combines folk ideas with religious ones. Svetlana does not grumble about fate, retains deep faith in God's mercy, prayer strengthens her in difficult times, and the image of the "snow-white dove" symbolizes the higher powers that protect the believer. That is why the "terrible" ballad turns into a fairy tale, where light and good triumph, and a terrible meeting with a dead groom turns out to be a dream. And then, like in a fairy tale, a real miracle happens: Svetlana's fiancé returns safe and sound, and everything ends with a merry wedding.
Probably, this ending is connected with the fact that "Svetlana" is dedicated to Zhukovsky's niece Alexandra Protasova (Voeikova) and was presented to her as a wedding gift. Perhaps this is also why the poet again turned to a familiar plot, because he wanted to put into the ballad a parting word to a girl who is getting married: "Our best friend in this life is / Faith in Providence."
But the main thing is that in the ballad "Svetlana" Zhukovsky really managed to fulfill the task - to embody the national-Russian character. Subsequently, he became the basis for the creation of such images of truly Russian heroines as Tatyana Larina, Natasha Rostova and many others.
Forest king
Who rides, who rushes under the cold haze?
A belated rider, a young son with him.
To the father, shuddering all over, the baby clung;
The old man hugs him and warms him.
"Child, why did you clung to me so timidly?"
"Darling, the forest king flashed in my eyes:
He is wearing a dark crown and a thick beard. "
"Oh no, the fog is white over the water."
"Child, look around; baby, to me;
There is a lot of merry in my side;
Turquoise flowers, jet pearls;
My palaces have been cast from gold. "
"Darling, the forest king says to me:
He promises gold, pearls and joy. "
"Oh no, my baby, you misheard:
Then the wind, waking up, shook the sheets. "
"To me, my baby; in my oakwood
You will recognize my beautiful daughters:
With a month they will play and fly,
Playing, flying, put you to sleep. "
"Dear, the forest king called his daughters:
I see they are nodding from the dark branches. "
"Oh no, everything is calm in the depths of the night:
That gray-haired willows stand aside. "
"Child, I was captivated by your beauty:
Captive or willing, but you will be mine. "
"Darling, the forest king wants to catch up with us;
Here it is: I'm stuffy, it's hard for me to breathe. "
The timid rider does not jump, flies;
The baby is yearning, the baby is screaming;
The rider urges, the rider gallops ...
In his hands was a dead baby.
(V.A.Zhukovsky)
IN 1... What is the name of the literary trend that arose in Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, to which the poetry of V.A. Zhukovsky?
IN 2. Define the genre of V.A. Zhukovsky "The Forest Tsar".
IN 3... It is known that many works of V.A. Zhukovsky are translations of foreign authors. Who owns the original of this work?
AT 4... What Russian poetess dedicated the ballad to V.A. Zhukovsky's article "Two" Forest Tsars "", concluding that "it is better to translate ... than Zhukovsky did it - it is impossible"?
AT 5... What is the name of the type of speech communication used by the poet in this work?
AT 6. Indicate the name of the means of artistic representation, which in the poem "Forest Tsar" allows V.А. Zhukovsky to create an emotional perception of objects in the reader: “ darkcrown "," flowers turquoise.
C1. Why in the poetry of V.A. Zhukovsky often heard the theme of the "other world"?
C2. What Russian poets have addressed this topic?
IN 1. Romanticism
IN 2. Ballad
IN 3. Goethe
AT 4. Tsvetaeva
AT 5. Dialog
AT 6. Epithet
