10 introductory words in English. Introductory phrases in English. Expressing negative assessment

1. Introductory words and phrases are not members of the proposal. With their help, the speaker expresses his attitude to the content of the statement (confidence or uncertainty, emotional reaction, etc.):

Example: Unfortunately he didn't have watercolors (Soloukhin).

Introductory sentences can perform the same function.

For example: I dare say they loved me in the house (Turgenev) - structured as a definite personal one-piece sentence; In life, do you know, there is always a place for exploits (M. Gorky) - a two-part sentence in structure; We, if you want to know, we came to demand (Gorbatov) - structured as a conditional one-part clause.

In writing, introductory words, phrases and sentences usually separated by commas.

Digits of introductory words by meaning

Value	Introductory components	Examples of
1. Evaluation of the reported in terms of reliability, etc .:
1.1. Confidence, reliability	Of course, of course, undoubtedly, undoubtedly, without doubt, undoubtedly, indeed, in fact, true, of course, of course, genuine and etc.	Undoubtedly, someone is sucking the life out of this strange girl who cries when others in her place laugh (Korolenko). The heroine of this novel needless to say, there was Masha (L. Tolstoy). Indeed, since my mother died ... I was very rarely seen at home (Turgenev).
1.2. Uncertainty, assumption, uncertainty, assumption	Probably, it seems, as it seems, probably, in all likelihood, right, tea, obviously, perhaps, perhaps, seen, apparently, apparently, right, maybe, must be, I think, I think, I suppose, I suppose, I hope , in a way, in a sense, suppose, suppose, if you like, one way or another and etc.	She probably still drinks coffee and cookies in the morning (Fadeev). Life doesn't seem to have begun yet (Paustovsky). The free bread, apparently, tasted (Mezherov). And he dreamed, perhaps, to approach in a different way, to knock at the window as a welcome guest, dear (Tvardovsky). My head started to ache. Must be bad weather (Chekhov).
2. Different feelings:
2.1. Joy, approval	Fortunately, for happiness, for joy, for joy, for the pleasure of someone, what is good, which is even better and etc.	Fortunately, Alekhine left the house an hour earlier and caught a steamer sailing to Frankfurt (Kotov). Here, to Petya's indescribable admiration, on the old kitchen table there is a whole locksmith's workshop (Kataev).
2.2. Regret, disapproval	Unfortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to the shame of someone, to grief, to chagrin, to misfortune, as to misfortune, as if on purpose, a sinful deed, which is even worse, which is insulting, alas and etc.	I, unfortunately, must add that in the same year Paul died (Turgenev).
2.3. Surprise, bewilderment	To surprise, amazing, amazing thing, to amazement, strange, strange thing, incomprehensible thing and etc.	Naydenov, to the amazement of Nagulny, in one second brushed the leather jacket off his shoulders, sat down at the table (Sholokhov).
2.4. Fear	The hour is uneven, what good, God forbid, that and look and etc.	That and look, the oar will snatch and throw himself into the sea (Novikov-Priboy).
2.5. The general expressive nature of the statement	In conscience, in fairness, in essence, in essence, in my heart, in truth, truth, in truth, I must tell the truth, if the truth is told, it's funny to say, to tell in honor, between us speaking, there is nothing to say in vain, I confess, except jokes, in essence and etc.	They followed him, however, some weaknesses (Turgenev). I confess I don't like this tree too much - aspen ... (Turgenev). Nothing offends me more, I dare say, does not offend me more than ingratitude (Turgenev).
3. Message source	According to the report of someone, in the opinion of someone, in my opinion, in your opinion, in the words of someone, in the expression of someone, according to rumors, according to a proverb, according to legend, from the point of view of someone, I remember they say, they say, they say, as they say, as they say, as I think, as I think, as I remember, as they say, as they say, as you know, as indicated, as it turned out, as they said in the old days, in my opinion and etc.	Pesotsky, they say, has apples the size of his head, and Pesotsky, they say, made his fortune with a garden (Chekhov). The calculation, in my opinion, was mathematically accurate (Paustovsky). Twenty years ago, Linear Lake was such a wilderness that, according to foresters, not every bird dared to fly there (Paustovsky).
4. Order of thoughts and their connection	Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, so, therefore, therefore, in this way, on the contrary, on the contrary, for example, for example, in particular, in addition, moreover, on top of everything, in addition, moreover, on the one hand, on the other hand, however, by the way, in general, in addition, therefore, the main thing, by the way, by the way, by the way and etc.	On the one hand, darkness was saving: it hid us (Paustovsky). Forest air is healing, it lengthens life, it increases our vitality, and, finally, it turns the mechanical, and sometimes difficult process of breathing into pleasure (Paustovsky). So, the next day I stood in this room outside the door and listened to how my fate was decided (Dostoevsky).
5. Assessment of the style of speech, manner of speech, ways of forming thoughts	In a word, in one word, in other words, in other words, frankly speaking, roughly speaking, in fact, in fact, in short, shorter, or rather, better to say, frankly, it’s easier to say, so to speak, how to say, so to speak, what is called and etc.	In a word, Streshnikov thought more and more firmly to marry every day (Chernyshevsky). In short, it is not a master in science, but an employee (Chekhov). We got up and went to push to the well, or rather to the fountain (Garshin).
6. Assessment of the measure, the degree of what is being said; commonality of facts	At least, at least to one degree or another, to a large extent, as usual, as usual, it happens, it happens, as usual, as always, as it happens, as it happens, as it happens sometimes and etc.	Talked to me at least as an army commander (Simonov). Behind the counter, as usual, Nikolai Ivanovich stood almost the entire width of the hole ... (Turgenev) It happens that my luck is happier (Griboyedov).
7. Attracting the interlocutor's attention to the message, emphasizing, underlining	Do you see (do), know (do), remember (do), understand (do), believe (do), listen, let me, imagine, imagine, you can imagine, believe, imagine, confess, believe, believe, not believe it, agree, mind you, please, if you want to know, I remind, remind, I repeat, I emphasize what is important, what is more important, what is essential, what is even more essential and etc.	Did you get cold feet, confess, when my fellows threw a rope around your neck? (Pushkin). Imagine our young people are already bored (Turgenev). We, if you want to know, we came to demand (Gorbatov). Where is it, excuse me, was (Pavlenko).

2. In terms of their grammatical correlation, introductory words and constructions can go back to different parts of speech and different grammatical forms:

nouns in various cases with and without prepositions;

No doubt, for joy, for happiness and etc.

adjectives in short form, in various cases, in the superlative degree;

Really, guilty, the main thing, in general, the most important thing, the least.

pronouns in indirect cases with prepositions;

Besides, besides, meanwhile.

adverbs in a positive or comparative degree;

Undoubtedly, of course, probably shorter, or rather.

verbs in various forms of the indicative or imperative mood;

I think if you believe, it seemed, they say, imagine, have mercy.

infinitive or combination with an infinitive;

Look, know, admit, it's funny to say.

combinations with gerunds;

To tell the truth, in short, to put it bluntly.

two-part sentences with a subject - a personal pronoun and a predicate - a verb with the meaning of expression of will, speaking, thought, etc.;

As long as I can remember, I often think.

• impersonal sentences;

  She thought we all remember it well.

• indefinite personal proposals.

  So they thought about him, as they usually talked about him.

That's why it is necessary to distinguish between introductory words and homonymous forms and constructions.

Note!

Depending on the context, the same words act either as introductory words (therefore, not as members of the sentence), or as members of the sentence. In order not to be mistaken, you should remember that:

a) you can put a question to a member of the proposal;

b) the introductory word is not a member of the sentence and has one of the above meanings;

in) introductory words can usually (but not always) be removed from the sentence.

Compare the sentences given in pairs:

It's true (Dostoevsky). - True, sometimes ... it's not too fun to wander along country roads (Turgenev).

During the summer, he can become attached to this weak, talkative creature, get carried away, fall in love (Chekhov). - You may have thought that I was asking you for money! (Dostoevsky).

Listen we right let's go? Do you remember the place? (Kassil). - Donkey screams: we will probably get along if we sit next to (Krylov).

In a number of cases, the criterion for distinguishing between introductory words and members of a sentence is the ability to add a word speaking.

By the way, he never came ("By the way"); You, in fact, could not have come ("as a matter of fact"); In short, the book is useful ("shortly speaking"); I really don't want to go back to what I said. ("in truth").

When defining the syntactic function and the placement of punctuation marks, in some cases it is necessary to take into account several conditions.

1) The word is probably introductory in the meaning of "probably, apparently":

The sisters are probably already asleep (Korolenko).

The word is probably a member of a sentence meaning "surely, exactly":

If i know (as?) probablythat I must die, then I'll tell you everything, everything! (Turgenev).

2) The word is finally introductory:

if it indicates a connection between thoughts, the order of their presentation (in the meaning of "and more"), completes the listing:

Opekushin was a native of the common people, at first a self-taught, then a recognized artist and, finally, an academician (Teleshov).

Often the word is finally preceded by homogeneous terms of the word firstly Secondly or on the one hand on the other hand, in relation to which the word is finally the closing of the enumeration;

if it gives an assessment of a fact from the point of view of the speaker's face or is used to express impatience, to reinforce, emphasize something:

Yes, leave at last! (Chekhov).

Note!

Finally, the word is not introductory and serves as a circumstance in the meaning of "at the end", "at last", "after everything", "as a result of everything."

Gave three balls annually and squandered finally (Pushkin).

In this sense, the particle -to can usually be added to the word at last (with an introductory word, such an addition is impossible).

Wed: Finally got to the station (At last got to the station). - You can finally ask your father for advice (adding a particle something impossible).

3) The differentiation of the combination in the end as an introductory one and as a member of the sentence - the circumstances are similar in terms of the terms of the word finally.

Wed: After all, in the end, we have not yet decided anything completely! (eventually denotes not time, but the conclusion reached by the speaker as a result of a series of reasoning). - Finally agreement was reached (meaning of the circumstance "as a result of everything").

4) However, a word is introductory if it appears in the middle or at the end of a simple sentence:

Heat and fatigue took, however, their (Turgenev); How clever I am, however (Chekhov).

At the beginning of a sentence (part of a complex sentence) or as a means of connecting homogeneous members, the word however has the meaning of an adversarial union (it can be replaced by the union but), therefore a comma is placed only before this word:

However, it is desirable to know - what kind of witchcraft did the peasant take such power over the entire district? (Nekrasov).

Note. In rare cases, however, the word is separated by a comma at the beginning of the sentence, approaching in meaning to the interjection (expresses surprise, bewilderment, indignation), for example: However, what a wind! (Chekhov).

5) The word of course is usually separated by commas as an introductory word:

Fedor still worked in the rear, heard, of course, and read many times about the "national heroes" (Furmanov).

But sometimes the word of course, pronounced in a tone of confidence, conviction, acquires the meaning of an affirmative particle and does not stand out punctually:

Of course it's true!; Of course it is.

6) The word really is introductory in the meaning of "yes, so, right, exactly" (usually it takes a position at the beginning of a sentence):

Indeed, from the battery, a view of almost the entire location of the Russian troops was revealed.(L. Tolstoy).

How an adverb really means "really, really, in reality" (usually it stands between the subject and the predicate):

I really is as you say (Dostoevsky).

7) The word is generally introductory if it is used in the meaning "generally speaking":

In general, one could agree with this statement, but it is necessary to check some data; In general, I would like to know what really happened.

In other cases, the word is generally used as an adverb in different meanings:

• in the meaning of "in general", "in general":

  Pushkin is for Russian art what Lomonosov is for Russian education at all (Goncharov);

• in the meaning of "always", "absolutely", "under all conditions":

  Kindle fires he at all forbidden, it was dangerous (Kazakevich);

• in the meaning of "in all respects", "in relation to everything":

  is he at all looked weird (Turgenev).

  This provision also applies to the form in general.

  Wed: In general, there is nothing to grieve about (introductory word, you can replace - generally speaking). - These are the terms generally uncomplicated process (meaning "in the end"); Made a few comments on various little things, but generally highly praised (Garshin) (meaning "as a result").

8) Combination anyway is introductory if it has a restrictive and evaluative value:

Anyway, his surname was not Akundin, he came from abroad and performed for a reason (A.N. Tolstoy); This information, in any case in a short time, it will be difficult to check (the entire turnover is highlighted).

In the meaning "under any circumstances" this combination is not introductory:

You anyway will be informed of the progress of the case; I was firmly convinced that anyway I'll meet him today at my mom(Dostoevsky).

9) The combination, in turn, is not distinguished by the employed, if it is used in a meaning close to the direct one, or in the meaning “in response”, “on its part”:

is he in its turn asked me (i.e. when it was his turn); The workers thanked their bosses for their help and asked them to visit them more often; in turn, representatives of the patronage organization invited workers to a meeting of the theater's artistic council.

In a figurative sense, the combination, in turn, acquires the meaning of introductory and punctuation is highlighted:

Among newspaper genres, there are informational, analytical and artistic-journalistic genres; among the latter, in turn, stand out an essay, a feuilleton, a pamphlet.

10) The combination really in the meaning "really" is not introductory. But if this combination serves to express bewilderment, indignation, indignation, etc., then it becomes introductory.

11) In particular, indicating the relationship between the parts of the statement, it is highlighted on both sides with commas:

He is interested, in particular, in the origin of individual words.

But if, in particular, it is a part of the connecting structure (at the beginning or at the end), then it stands out as employed along with this structure:

Many people will willingly undertake this work, and in particular me; Many will willingly undertake this work, and myself in particular.

If in particular is included in the design in general and in particular, then such a construction is not separated by commas:

Over tea we started talking about the household in general and in particular about gardening (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

12) The combination is mainly introductory, if it serves to highlight a fact, to express its assessment.

For example: There was a wide alley ... and it was mainly the public who walked along it (Bitter) (it is impossible to form the combination "mainly to walk", therefore in this example the combination mainly is not a member of the offer); The article should be corrected and mainly supplemented with fresh material. (mainly meaning "the most important thing"). The combination mainly included in the connecting structure (at the beginning or at the end) is separated by commas along with it, for example: With fifty people mostly officerscrowded not far away (Pavlenko).

The combination is mainly not introductory in the meaning of "first of all", "most of all":

He achieved success mainly due to his hard work; The main thing I like about him is his sincerity.

13) The word main is introductory in the meaning of "especially important", "especially important":

You can take any topic for the story, but, most importantly, it should be interesting; Details can be omitted, and most importantly - to keep it entertaining (a comma after the conjunction a cannot be put, and a dash is put after the introductory combination to strengthen punctuation).

14) The word means is introductory if it can be replaced with introductory words hence, therefore:

People will be born, get married, die; so it is necessary, so good (A.N. Ostrovsky); So you can't come today?

If a word means close in meaning to "means", then punctuation depends on the place it occupies in the sentence:

in the position between the subject and the predicate, it means serves as a means of communication between the main members of the sentence, a dash is placed in front of it, and no sign is placed after it:

To fight is to win;

in other cases, it means it is not separated or highlighted by any signs:

if the word means is between the subordinate clause and the main clause or between the parts of a non-union complex sentence, then it is separated from both sides by commas:

If he so stubbornly defends his views, then he feels that he is right; If you didn't save the child, then blame yourself.

15) The word is the opposite, meaning “as opposed to what is said or expected; opposite "is introductory and separated by commas:

Instead of slowing down, he, on the contrary, stood on the trestle and desperately twirled the whip over his head. (Kataev).

If on the contrary (after the conjunction and) is used as a word replacing a member of a sentence or a whole sentence, then the following punctuation is observed:

when a member of a sentence is replaced, then no sign is placed before the union:

In the picture, light tones turn into dark ones and vice versa. (i.e. dark to light);

when, and vice versa, it joins a whole sentence, then a comma is placed before the union:

The closer the light source, the brighter the light it emits, and vice versa. (whole sentence is replaced: The farther away the light source, the less bright the light it emits; a kind of compound sentence is formed);

when, and vice versa, it is attached to a subordinate clause, a comma is before the union and is not put:

This also explains why what was considered criminal in the ancient world is considered legal in the new and vice versa. (Belinsky) (as if homogeneous subordinate clauses are formed with a non-repeating conjunction and: ... and why what was considered criminal in modern times was considered legal in the ancient world).

16) A combination is at least introductory if it has an evaluative-restrictive meaning, that is, it expresses the speaker's attitude to the expressed thought:

Someone, driven by compassion, decided to at least help Akaky Akakievich with good advice (Gogol); Vera Efimovna advised to seek to transfer her to a political one, or at least to a nurse in a hospital (L. Tolstoy).

If the introductory combination is at least at the beginning of a separate turnover, then it is separated by commas along with it:

Nikolai Evgrafych knew that his wife would not return home soon, at least five o'clock! (Chekhov).

The combination is at least not separated by commas, if it has the value "not less than", "at least":

From his sunburnt face, one could conclude that he knew what smoke is, if not gunpowder, then at least tobacco (Gogol); At least I will know that I will serve in the Russian army (Bulgakov).

17) A turnover that includes a combination from the point of view is separated by commas if it has the meaning "in opinion":

Choosing a place for building a cottage, from my point of view, is successful.

If such a combination has the meaning "in relation", then the comma is not highlighted:

I know that a crime has been committed if you look at things from the point of view of general morality; From the point of view of novelty, the book deserves attention.

18) The word about is introductory in the meaning of "for example" and is not introductory in the meaning of "about".

Wed: I try about her, about ("eg"), not thinking is impossible (Ostrovsky). - We are about ("about") in these tones and with such conclusions they talked (Furmanov).

19) A word for example is associated with the following punctuation:

• separated by commas as input:

  Nikolai Artemyevich loved to argue persistently, for example, about whether a person could travel the entire globe throughout his life (Turgenev);

• stands out together with the turnover, at the beginning or at the end of which there is:

requires a comma in front of itself and a colon after itself, if it is after a generalizing word before listing homogeneous members:

Some mushrooms are very poisonous, for example: pale toadstool, satanic mushroom, fly agaric.

Note!

Never are not introductory and the words are not separated by commas:

as if, as if, hardly, hardly, allegedly, almost, even, precisely, after all, only, certainly, here, just, after all, necessarily, suddenly.

3. General rules for setting punctuation marks for introductory words, combinations and sentences.

1) Basically, introductory words, phrases and sentences are separated by commas:

I confess that he did not make a pleasant impression on me. (Turgenev); You probably saw her at that evening (Turgenev).

2) If the introductory word comes after the listing of homogeneous members and precedes the generalizing word, then only a dash (without a comma) is placed before the introductory word, and a comma after it:

Books, brochures, magazines, newspapers - in a word, all kinds of printed materials were lying on his desk in complete disarray.

If the sentence is complex, then the comma before the dash is placed on the basis of the general rule for dividing parts of a complex sentence:

The men drank, argued and laughed - in a word, the dinner was extremely cheerful (Pushkin).

3) When two introductory words meet, a comma is placed between them:

What good, perhaps, and marries, out of tenderness of the soul ... (Dostoevsky); So, in your opinion, should everyone, without exception, be engaged in physical labor? (Chekhov).

Amplifying particles are not separated from them by a comma during introductory words:

This is probably so, since there are no contraindications.

4) If the introductory word stands at the beginning or at the end of a separate turnover (separation, clarification, explanation, addition), then it is not separated from the turnover by any sign:

The swarthy, stocky captain is quietly sipping his pipe, apparently italian or Greek (Kataev); There are some kind of poets among the comrades, lyrics or something, preachers of love for people (Bitter).

Introductory words are not separated from a separate turnover, even if they are at the very beginning or very end of the sentence:

Apparently wary of snow drifts, the group leader canceled the ascent to the top of the mountain; Leave these new arguments, unconvincing and contrived of course.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate turnover, then it is separated by commas on a general basis:

The child, apparently frightened by the horse, ran to his mother.

Note!

It is necessary to distinguish between cases when the introductory word is at the beginning of a separate turnover, and cases when it is between two members of the sentence.

Wed: He had information seems to be published recently (a separate turnover, the introductory word seems to be part of it). - In his hand he held a small, it seems, a technical guide (without the introductory word there would be no punctuation mark, since the definitions small and technical heterogeneous, the introductory word refers to the second of them).

In the presence of homogeneous definitions, when there may be a doubt to which of the homogeneous members, preceding or following, the introductory word located between them belongs, the second definition, together with the introductory word, can form a clarifying construction.

This information is gleaned from the new, seems especially for the givencase drawn up, reference (without an introductory word, there would be a comma between homogeneous definitions); Peace and grace reigned in this, obviously forgotten by god and people, corner of the earth (qualifying definition for demonstrative pronoun this).

If the introductory word is at the beginning of the turn, enclosed in brackets, then it is separated by a comma:

Both posts (apparently recently received) have attracted widespread attention.

5) If there is a compositional union before the introductory word, then the punctuation will be as follows. Introductory words are separated from the preceding compositional union by a comma if the introductory word can be omitted or rearranged in another place of the sentence without violating its structure (as a rule, with unions and, but). If the removal or rearrangement of the introductory word is impossible, then the comma after the union is not put (usually with the union a).

Wed: The entire edition has already been printed, and the book will probably go on sale in a few days. (The entire circulation has already been printed, and the book will go on sale in a few days.); This issue has already been considered several times, but, apparently, the final decision has not yet been made. (This issue has already been considered several times, but the final decision has not yet been made.); Not coal can be used here, but rather liquid fuel (It can be used not coal, but liquid fuel). - The calculations were made hastily and therefore inaccurate (impossible: The calculations were made hastily and inaccurately); Maybe everything will end well, or maybe vice versa (impossible: Maybe everything will end well, and vice versa).

Note!

Homogeneous term of the sentence after the introductory words and hence, and therefore, is not isolated, that is, no comma is placed after it.

For example: As a result, the strength of the electromagnetic field of the incoming signals, and hence the strength of the reception, increases many times; This scheme, and therefore the entire project as a whole, needs to be checked.

6) After the joining union (at the beginning of an independent sentence), a comma is usually not put, since the union is closely adjacent to the introductory word following it:

And imagine, he staged this performance; And I dare to assure you, the performance was wonderful; And what do you think, he got his way; But one way or another, the decision was made.

Less often (with intonation highlighting of introductory words or introductory sentences, when they are included in the text through a subordinate union), after the connecting union, a comma is put before the introductory construction:

But, to my great chagrinShvabrin, usually condescending, decisively announced that my song was not good (Pushkin); And, as usual, they remembered only one good thing (Krymov).

7) Introductory words before the comparative turnover (with the union like), the target turnover (with the union to), etc., are separated from them on the basis of the general rule:

All this seemed strange to me, as well as to others; The son thought for a minute, probably to collect his thoughts (usually in these cases, the introductory word does not refer to the previous, but to the subsequent part of the sentence).

8) A dash may be used instead of a comma in introductory words, phrases and sentences.

Dash is used in the following cases:

if the introductory phrase forms an incomplete construction (some word is missing, which can be reconstructed from the context), then a dash is usually put instead of one comma:

Chichikov ordered to stop for two reasons: on the one hand, to give the horses rest, on the other, to rest and refresh themselves (Gogol) (the comma before the subordinate clause is absorbed by a dash);

a dash is placed in front of the introductory word as an additional decimal point if the introductory word is between two parts of a complex sentence and, in terms of meaning, can be attributed to either the preceding or the following part:

The dog disappeared - probably, someone chased it from the yard (the dash emphasizes that not “the dog has probably disappeared”, but that “the dog has probably been driven away”).

Sometimes an additional sign emphasizes a causal or connecting relationship between parts of a sentence:

It was difficult to verify his words - obviously, the circumstances had changed a lot.

Sometimes a comma and a dash are placed before the introductory word at the beginning of a separate turn, and after it - a comma to avoid possible ambiguity:

Since there is still time, we will call someone additionally for the exam - for example, those who are re-taking (let's say in the meaning of "suppose", "say");

a dash is placed before the introductory word after the comma, if the part of the sentence following the introductory word summarizes what was said in the first part:

Chichikov asked with extreme accuracy who the governor was in the city, who was the chairman of the chamber, who was the prosecutor - in a word, he did not miss a single significant person (Gogol);

using a dash, introductory sentences can be highlighted if they are quite common (have secondary members):

To suspect Yakov Lukich of sabotage - now it seemed to him - it was not easy (Sholokhov); Let the enemy leave, or - as they say in the solemn language of military regulations - letting him come off is a big nuisance for scouts, almost a shame (Kazakevich).

Hello to my subscribers and blog guests! In this article I would like to tell you about some cool introductory words that are used in conversation. They make your English easier and can be used in a variety of situations!

There are many introductory words in English, but I would like to draw your attention to the most commonly used ones.

Anyway — "Nevertheless, one way or another, anyway, etc."

I have already told you about this word in the article. It is one of the most popular words in the English language. You can hear it very often from native speakers. And this is not surprising because you can use it almost anywhere you want. For example:

I don’t want to go there. But, anyway, I’ll go with you.

(I don't want to go there. But, anyway, I'll go with you)

Anyway, it's not easy way out, but we have to do it.

(Anyway, this is not the best way out, but we have to do it)

Anyway, I'll help you!

(Anyway, I'll help you)

English it's not so easy. Anyway, I like learning it.

(English is not easy. But anyway, I like to learn it)

Honestly — "honestly»

A good word in spoken English. It is a short form of the phrase “to tell you the truth honestly“I really enjoy using this word in conversation. Very convenient and sounds cool:

Honestly, I didn’t like that movie.

(Honestly, I didn't like that movie)

Honestly, I liked the way you said that.

(To be honest, I liked the way you said it)

Honestly, I didn’t have time to do these exercises.

(To be honest, I didn't have time to do these exercises)

Actually — "Actually, actually"

A cool word to use in a variety of situations. For example:

Actually, I didn’t say it.

(Actually, I didn't say that)

Actually, I’ve sung this song the first.

(Actually, I sang this song first)

I don’t actually know what to say about it.

(I actually don't know what to say about this)

Probably — "probably"

Another good word for spoken English:

Probably, I was wrong.

(I was probably wrong)

Probably, we’ll go together to the party.

(We'll probably go to the party together)

Probably, we’ll be late for the train.

(We'll probably miss the train)

Obviously — "Obviously, definitely":

Obviously, they’re the best friends.

(They are obviously best friends)

Obviously, it's the most difficult part of our journey.

(This is by far the hardest part of our journey)

Obviously, he’s lying.

(He's obviously lying)

There is another word with a similar meaning:

Apparently - "apparently, probably, it seems, apparently":

They are apparently in the relationship.

(Apparently they have a relationship)

Apparently, we’ve made a mistake.

(It seems we made a mistake)

It's hard to explain the difference, but I'll try. "Obviously" characterizes a greater degree of evidence of what has been said than "Apparently".Hope it's clear \u003d)

Practically — "Practically, in fact, in practice"

Not so common, but also a very useful word:

It’s practically impossible.

(It's almost impossible)

It's practically the same.

(This is practically the same)

I hope the article was useful for you;)

Keep learning English and take care of yourself!

» Introductory words in English

Opening phrases and insertion words exist in any language. Such phrases help start a conversation, link parts of a conversation, parts of a sentence, thoughts and ideas with each other. Introductory phrases and words in English help to give speech an emotional and semantic coloring, make speech more expressive and rich. Such expressions can convey the speaker's attitude to the statement. Examples of using introductory words and phrases in English

Knowledge of introductory phrases and insertion structures in English will be very useful for those who are studying this language, because it will help a beginner to improve his language skills. Today we will look at the most common and common introductory phrases in English, the so-called clichés, and their use in speech.

What are these English introductory phrases?

Introductory phrases are called introductory phrases because the sentence begins with them, and they do not play any grammatical or semantic role in the sentence. Such expressions enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of the statement, but if they are discarded, the meaning of the sentence will not change in any way.

Here are some basic clichés with examples to help you diversify your English:

• Moreover, ... - Moreover…
  Tom is absent today, moreover, he is ill. - Tom is absent today, moreover, he is ill.
• Most of all, ... - Most…
  Most of all I like ice-cream. - Most of all I love ice cream.
• It is important to know that ... - It is important to know that ...
  It is important to know that this question needs an urge decision. - It is important to know that this issue needs a speedy solution.
• It is important to remember that… - It is important to remember that ...
  It is important to remember that we have no time to be late, nobody will wait for us. - It is important to remember that we have no time to be late, because no one will be waiting for us.
• In conclusion,… - In conclusion ... As a conclusion ...
  In conclusion I’d like to say that you’ve done a great work. In conclusion, I would like to say that you have done an excellent job.
• After all, ... - Finally…
  I am sick and tired of this conversation, and after all, it’s late, it’s time to go home. - I'm tired of this conversation, and in the end, it's late, it's time to go home.
• In any case,… / Anyway,… / Either way,… - In any case ... Still ...
  In any case, we should prevent him. Anyway he must know about the problem. “In any case, we should warn him. Still, he should be aware of the problem.
• Actually, ... - Actually ...
  Actually Tom didn’t know about the problem, so he isn’t guilty. - Actually, Tom did not know about the problem, it is not his fault.
• Fortunately ... - Fortunately…
  Tom is late. Fortunately, we didn’t manage to begin the conference. - Tom is late. Fortunately, we haven't started the conference yet.
• Unfortunately ... - Unfortunately…
  Unfortunately, I didn’t finish my homework. - Unfortunately, I haven't finished my homework.
• Firstly, ... - First, first ...
  Let's begin. Firstly, I want to ask you some questions. - Let's start. First, I would like to ask you a few questions.
• Instead of ... - Instead of…
  Instead of watching TV now, you’d wash up. - Instead of watching TV now, you would wash the dishes.
• In the first place, ... - At the first place…
  In the first place we must finish our work for today. - In the first place, we must finish our work for today.
• From time to time, ... - Occasionally…
  Do you often see Alex? Yes, from time to time he visits me. - Do you often see Alex? Yes, he visits me from time to time.
• Аs a result of ... - As a result of ...
  As a result of what is done, we have a great job. “As a result of what has been done, we have done a good job.
• Indeed, ... - In fact, in reality ...
  Indeed, I need you. “Actually, I need you. Also in the proverb A friend in need is a friend indeed. - A friend is known in need (Literally: a friend in need is really a friend).
• In order to… - To, in order to ...
  In order to manage everything, you should plan your day. - To do everything, you must plan your day.
• In other words, ... - In other words…
  She doesn’t want to finish her task, in other words, she is lazy. “She doesn't want to finish her job, in other words, she’s lazy.

Popular introductory clichés in English speech

More English introductory clichés

Of course, there are a lot of expressions in English that do not play any grammatical role in the sentence, but lexically enrich and decorate speech:

• It seems that… - It seems that…
  It is cloudy and windy outside. It seems to me that it will rain. - It's cloudy and windy outside. It seems to me that it will rain.
• In short, ... - In short ...
  I am not sure he understood the problem. In short, he didn’t understand anything. “I'm not sure if he understood what the problem was. In short, he didn't understand anything.
• Besides, ... - Besides…
  I am very tired; besides, I think that I’ve caught a cold. “I’m very tired, and besides, I think I’ve caught a cold.
• In addition, ... - In addition, besides ...
  We have a lot of work. In addition we must finish it till Sunday. - We have a lot of work. Also. we have to finish it by Sunday.
• By the way, ... - By the way, by the way ...
  By the way, did you pay for the internet? - By the way, did you pay for the internet?
• However, ... - Nevertheless, all the same ...
  I’ve finished my article; however, I have some details. - I finished my article, however, there are still some details.
• Frankly speaking, ... - Honestly…
  Frankly speaking, I don’t believe him. - Honestly, I don't believe him.
• In my opinion, ... - In my opinion, in my opinion ...
  In my opinion, Alex is very sincere man. - In my opinion, Alex is a very sincere person.
• Аt first, ... / First, ... - First, first ...
  Can I take your car? At first, I must speak with my parents. - Can I take your car? I must first talk to my parents.
• First of all, ... - Primarily…
  I want to be a doctor. But first of all, I must finish the school. - I want to be a doctor. But first of all I have to finish school.
• Let us / Let "s / Let me ... - Allow me, let's ...
  Let me see your documents. - Let me see your documents.
• On the one hand, ..., on the other hand, ... - On the one hand on the other hand…
  On the one hand this question is very important, but on the other hand it can wait. - On the one hand, this question is very important, on the other hand, it can wait.
• Also,… - Also…
  I’ve bought some dresses for my daughter; also I’ve bought a skirt for me. - I bought some dresses for my daughter, I also bought a skirt for myself.
• Nevertheless, ... - Yet, nevertheless, despite ...
  Nevertheless, Ann is late, we’ll begin without her. - Despite the fact that Anna is late, we will start without her.
• I would rather ... - I would prefer…
  I would rather finish this exercise. - I would prefer to finish this exercise.
• I would like to ... - I would like to…
  I would like ice-cream with fruits. - I would like an ice cream sundae.
• I think,… / I believe,… / I guess,… / I consider… - I think, I believe, I guess ...
  I consider that our planet needs protection. “I think our planet needs protection.
• Maybe ... - May be…
  Tom didn’t come to our party. Maybe he is ill. “Tom didn't come to our party. Maybe he got sick.
• Probably ... - Probably…
  Probably Kate will win the contest. - Probably Katya will win this competition.
• It's possible that ... - It is possible that ...
  I can’t connect the internet. It's possible that our computer is broken. - I cannot access the Internet, perhaps our computer is broken.

So, these were the main introductory phrases and inserted constructions in English. Hopefully, these simple clichés and phrases will help you link sentences as you speak.

Introductory and connecting phrases in English are exactly what without which live spoken language turns into memorized dialogues from textbooks. When communicating in our native language, we do not even notice how we use connecting phrases.

Introductory phrases help express opinions and emotions. Connecting words add fluidity to speech and text by linking thoughts and sentences together.

Emotions are what matters in colloquial speech. Let your accent be flawed, even if mistakes happen sometimes, but without emotion, speech becomes dull, and the interlocutor quickly loses interest.

Introductory phrases for expressing opinions are like a lifeline, use them if you don't know where to start. I have prepared several expressions with examples of their use in a conversation.

I believe / I guess / I think - I believe / I believe / I think

Example: I guess it will rain today / I guess it will rain today.

In my opinion - In my opinion

Example: In my opinion Johnny is wrong / In my opinion Johnny is wrong

Frankly speaking / To tell the truth - Frankly speaking / Honestly speaking

Example: To tell the truth today’s dinner was awful

As far as I know - As far as I know

Example: As far as I know Madlin is going to spend weekend in Belfast. / As far as I know, Madlyn is going to spend the weekend in Belfast.

Firstly - Firstly

Secondly - secondly

After all - In the end

Finally - Finally

In a word - in one word

By the way - By the way / By the way

Example: By the way you look very cute in this hat. / By the way, you look very cute in this hat.

In fact / Actually - Actually

Example: In fact he is boring to read this book. / In fact, he is bored of reading this book

Most of all - Most of all

Example: Most of all Sandy likes strawberry icecream. / Sandy loves strawberry ice cream the most.

Moreover / Furthermore - Moreover

Example: Desktop computers are cheaper and more reliable than laptops; furthermore, they are more flexible. / Desktop computers are cheaper and more reliable than laptops. Moreover, they are more flexible.

From time to time - From time to time

Example: From time to time Peter has to visit his doctor. / Peter must visit his doctor from time to time.

It may seem that - It may seem that

Example: It may seem that I like Anny's brother but it is not true. / It may seem that I like brother Annie, but it is not.

In other words - In other words

It is not surprising that -

Obviously - Obviously

In short / In a nutshell - In short / In short

Besides / besides that - Besides

Meanwhile / Meantime - Meanwhile

It turned out that - It turned out that

Usually - Usually

According to - In accordance

Example: According to rules Paul was excluded from the team. / In accordance with the rules, Paul was expelled from the team

On the whole - In general

In conclusion / To conclude with - In conclusion

You will find more introductory and connecting phrases. There is also an exercise to consolidate the use of introductory and connecting phrases.

Introductory words are called so precisely because they "introduce" the reader into the meaning of the sentence. They denote a logical connection between the original thought and the final, thereby giving the text smoothness and integrity. Introductory words are like road signs that help the reader navigate the text.

The easiest way to connect words is conjunctive conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They help to combine not only individual words, but entire phrases. For example, when you use the conjunction “so” (meaning “therefore”), you are saying, “we can draw this conclusion from the above”.

When you use "or", you say "there is also such a variant." The most commonly used conjunction "and" is also the weakest in terms of conveying meaning, it simply combines "something" and "something else." play the role of ligaments, but they are not enough to give the text coherence and expressiveness.

What are the introductory words

And here introductory words come to the rescue! They are logically related. Introductory words are classified according to the type of logical connection between the members of the sentence. Let's consider the most frequently used ones.

• Example: for example, for instance (for example), such as (such as), specifically (namely)
• Consequence: therefore, hence, thus, thus, as a result, resulting in, so, consequently
• Opposition: nevertheless (nevertheless), however (however), but (but), on the other hand (on the other hand), in contrast (for comparison), on the contrary, conversely (vice versa), at the same time ( at the same time), still (nevertheless), although (although), even though (even though), despite, in spite of (despite the fact that)
• Similarity: likewise, similarly, just as, equally
• Concession: although (although), even though (even though), of course (of course), granted (provided, taking into account), while (with that)
• Addition: in addition, additionally (in addition, in addition), moreover (more), also (also), furthermore (in addition, also, in addition)
• Emphasis: more importantly, most importantly, chiefly, indeed, in fact, primarily, no doubt
• Repetition: again (again), in other words (in other words), in effect (in fact, in fact), that is (that is), in short (in short)
• Time indication: at last (last time), eventually (eventually), before (earlier), after, afterwards (next), finally (finally), during (during), then (then), when (when ), as (because)
• Specifying the location: to the right (right), to the left (left), in the background (in the background), in the foreground (in the foreground), in the distance (at a distance)
• Conclusion: thus (thus), finally, in the end (finally, in conclusion)

How introductory words can affect text

You may be surprised how much better the text can be by using the introductory words correctly. Introductory words act like the glue that holds ideas together, and they help guide you and your reader smoothly and naturally from one part of the text to the next. For example:

Source: Succeeding in college often is a challenge for students. Most colleges provide services designed to help students. They include peer tutoring and personal counseling. Colleges need to provide more services to help students succeed.

Corrected text: Succeeding in college often is a challenge for students. Therefore, most colleges provide services designed to help students, such as peer tutoring and personal counseling. However, colleges need to do more to help students succeed.

Adding just a few introductory words helps indicate the relationship between different parts of a paragraph and improves the overall flow of text.

What to avoid when using introductory words

Introductory words improve the quality of the written text, but they can also be abused. Below are three points to watch out for when using introductory words.

Make sure the logical connections established by the introductory words are clear

Since introductory words serve to connect sentences and ideas, their use will be incorrect if the connection is unclear or absent altogether.

Example: A girl looks out of the window covered with frost. For example, she sees a dog under a tree, trembling in the cold. ("For example" does not make sense, since the girl's seeing the dog is not an example of anything mentioned in the first sentence.)

Example: She decides to go out and get the dog. Consequently, her mother sits in the chair knitting. ("Consequently" doesn't make sense, since her mother's sitting in a chair has nothing to do with the girl choosing to pick up a dog.)

Avoid overusing introductory words

Introductory words should guide the reader, but overuse can have the opposite effect and make the text confusing.

Example: Writing an essay can be challenging. However, there are techniques that can make the process a little easier. For example, taking plenty of notes on the subject can help the writer generate ideas. Therefore, note-taking is an important "pre-writing" strategy. In addition, some people "free-write," writing quickly for ten or twenty minutes to see what ideas arise. However, taking notes and free-writing are only the beginning. Ideas must eventuallybe organized in a logical way. Consequently, an outline can help the writer make sense of the rough material generated through the note-taking and free-writing process. Therefore, writing an outline is another important step in the writing process. However, some writers are able to conceptualize a sense of logical order for their ideas without actually writing an outline. Nevertheless, these writers seem to have some kind of outline in their minds. In addition, an outline should help the writer formulate a thesis for the essay. Consequently, an outline can help give focus to the essay.

This paragraph can be improved by removing some of the introductory words. Too many introductory words can be confusing and annoying to the reader, especially if the introductory words appear at the beginning of a sentence.

Avoid mistakes that can occur when using introductory words

Opening words, like any others, must be used carefully so that they do not create grammatical errors. The most common mistakes are “gluing” sentences with a comma. Examples are shown below.

Incomplete sentence: Resulting in the girl "s search for affection elsewhere.

Corrected: Mother seems to ignore her daughter, resulting in the girl "s search for affection elsewhere.

Sticking a comma: The girl sees the dog out in the cold, however by the time the girl goes outside, the dog is gone.