Homophones. What are "homophones"? What are some examples of homophones in Russian? Homophone verbs in Russian

What are "homophones"? What are some examples of homophones in Russian?

Homophones- These are phonetically ambiguous pairs or triplets of words, phrases or even sentences. Homophones are pronounced the same or almost the same, but they are spelled differently. And their lexical meanings, of course, are different.

There are different types of homophones in the Russian language, so several relevant examples can be given.

So, homophones appear due to:

Consonant deafening.

A low threshold is not a vice. Oh, these people were fierce. The wormy milk mushroom brought me sadness.

Vowel reductions:

I don’t want to remain, but to wax and wane. Dunya blew into the barrel.

Unpronounceable consonants:

The student spoke in an inarticulate manner about bone marrow.

Consonant doublings:

To get a point is not to attend a ball.

Doubling and stunning at the same time:

I ate a mushroom and was struck down by the flu.

Matches of some forms:

And the evil one suddenly looked out of the hatch.

Grammatical soft sign:

They need to return, and they will return.

If you explain to a schoolchild what homophones are, then this is when words are spelled differently, but their pronunciation is the same by ear.

I remember only 1 pair of homophones: rinse the laundry and caress the cat. The spelling is different, but they are pronounced the same.

As can be seen from the very meaning of the word, homophones are words that sound similar, but are spelled differently and have different meanings.

Here are examples of homophones in Russian:

Floated along the river fetus tree, floated down the river raft made of wood.

Frost - drizzle,

Not you - Neva.

Not mine boy, dumb boy.

Homophones are words with almost the same spelling, maybe only one letter is different, and with the same pronunciation. If you speak quickly, a foreigner may confuse the meaning of homophone words.

For a definition of what homophones are, look at the table.

Now let's give examples of homophones

A couple of words about kalach - I will beat you, a preposition with a noun denoting a bread product and a verb meaning to fight.

A couple of words ball and score. The first word, ball, means a holiday, the second word means a unit of achievement.

More examples

fruit and raft

And another example in the picture. There are slight differences in spelling, but what a different meaning the words have.



Homophones are words that sound alike but can be spelled differently and have different meanings. Examples of homophones (phonetic homonyms) in Russian: meadow (on which cows graze) - onion (onion) - onion (steletsky weapon), fruit (juicy, tasty) - raft (On a small raft through storms, rain and thunderstorms, taking only dreams and dreams and a childhood dream, I will quietly float away, only midnight will penetrate the house to fill the world in which I live with rhymes - Yu. Loza), vine (grape) - Yuri Loza.

Homophones are words and phrases that are similar in sound, but completely different in spelling and meaning. I remember that once during a phonetics and orthoepy class we were given the task of composing a rhyme with homophones. I don’t know how to write poetry, so I came up with something like this (the main thing is homophones)):

Vice keep any in yourself at least until the end of days,

But for threshold Don’t you dare let your soul go.

Don't become treacherous scoundrel- misfortune for others,

Hiding brazenly under the face good intentions...

All highlighted words and combinations are homophones.

Homophones are words that sound identical, but have different spellings and meanings. As is known, in Russian. In a language there are letters (both among consonants and vowels) that can make different sounds and, as a result, two unrelated words and even entire phrases sound similar.

1. It was probably fetus imagination build raft I studied for more than a month.
2. There will be school today ball For each completed task, 1 is awarded point;
3. Let's get started get down to business after resting me it hurt when I was in the office;
4. How long should you keep them? together together stay and saw my father-in-law.

• The Greek language gave the world many scientific terms. Among them is the word homophone, which, if translated into Russian, means similar in sound, the same sound.

  Based on the meaning of the term homophone, we will highlight many words in Russian speech that can be spelled differently, but sound the same, and also have different lexical meanings.

  For example:

  Strong burn hands kept me awake.

  Old man burn the horse was whipped, and it ran briskly along the field road.

  Step over threshold steam at home

  A weak one hovered over the river park(steam - park).

  Black mascara looks clearer on paper.

  Loud carcass greeted the winners of the film festival.

  This text follows translate for tomorrow's lesson.

  Not easy transport cow across the river.

  I will add that, unlike homonyms, of which homophones are a type, homophones can be different parts of speech, For example:

  setting fire to a stove means setting a house on fire;

  come in for that building - tired, but I've done everything;

  during rivers - during day.

  Homophones are words or combinations of words that may sound almost identical in spoken speech, but have completely different spellings and carry different meanings.

  There are a huge number of homophones in the Russian language, here are some examples of homophones: rod-mouth, cat-code, rowing-mushroom, forest-fox, run-bek, dok-dog, god-bok.

There are many interesting phenomena in Russian linguistics that puzzle schoolchildren and students. Homophones are rightfully considered one of these. Let's figure out what it is, look at specific examples and learn how to use this linguistic phenomenon to our advantage. After all, the richer and more diverse a person’s speech, the greater his chances of graduating from school with honors, entering the desired university, finding a decent job and ensuring his well-being.

Homophones - definition

Homophones are phonetic homonyms, a special case of homonymy that has the following features:

• Words must be one part of speech.
• Have an absolute match in spelling and sound.
• But at the same time have a completely different interpretation.

Let's give an example of homonyms.

• Leaf in notebook and maple leaf. In this example, the words “leaf” and “leaf” are homonyms. They are identical in spelling and sound, both are nouns, but have different meanings.
• Birds are sitting in a cage - the body of an amoeba consists of one cell. “Cell” and “cell” are homonymous.
• The fox cubs were sitting in a mink - a mink sheds in winter. In the first case, a mink means the home of animals, in the second - a small animal with valuable fur.

Homophones are words like this, which are pronounced the same, but are written differently, the spelling of difficult words can be checked with a dictionary. Their meaning also differs.

As can be seen from the examples, the meaning of a homonym can be understood either in context or by spelling. It is impossible to recognize words by sound, since they have the same set of sounds. Due to the prevalence of the phenomenon, there are special dictionaries. Homophones are present not only in Russian, but also in English and French. The reason for their origin is that many consonants are unreadable.

Sources of origin of homophones

There are several sources for the emergence of homophones:

In the dictionary of homonyms you can get acquainted with all the pairs, there are now more than 10 thousand of them!

The easiest way recognize homophones in sentences. Examples:

• In our village there was a beautiful meadow where my grandmother used to send cows to graze. And onions grew in the garden.
• A worker climbed out of a hatch on the road. Well, he’s angry, his face is terribly dissatisfied.
• This fruit was juicy and fragrant. We boarded the raft and enjoyed the silence and fresh air.

From the context, the meaning and meaning of each word becomes clear. In difficult cases, the spelling of a particular word can be checked in a dictionary. Often this grammatical phenomenon is used by writers to create funny puns. Example:

Punished him for his deed

But it hurt him!

Typology of homophones

Depending on the part of speech Homophones in the Russian language can be divided into:

• For nouns: carcass and carcass, meadow and onion, milk mushroom and sadness.
• Verbs: get through - get through, betray - give, build - is being built, decide - decide.
• Verb and noun: marvel and maiden.

In general, the study of homophones for schoolchildren is quite successful and does not cause any particular difficulties, since the meaning of the word and the peculiarities of its spelling become clear to a native speaker from the context. But in difficult cases you should look in the dictionary.

Homophones - examples in a sentence

Understanding the meaning of homophones It will not only help make speech richer and more interesting, but also prevent mistakes in spelling words that are pronounced the same but have different spellings.

What are Homophones?

Homophones are translated from Greek as homós - identical, and the sound means phōnē. In simple terms, this is a type of words that have the same sound, but are written differently. Often called phonetic homonyms. In the language (Russian), the same sound is often caused by peculiarities of pronunciation - deafening of voiced consonants before the subsequent voiceless consonant or at the end of a word. That is, homophones arise due to the ability of different phonemes to coincide in one version during pronunciation.

Examples of Homophones

Homophone verbs:

to lead - to carry, to betray - to give, to get through - to get through

Nouns:

campaign - company, carcass - carcass, fruit - raft, ball - score, meadow - bow, threshold - vice - park, milk mushroom - sadness, dock - dog

According to psycholinguistics, a native speaker will always be able to distinguish such words and will not experience any difficulties, and all thanks to the perception of their native speech.

Example sentences with homophones

Keep any vice in yourself even until the end of days,

But you shouldn’t let him cross the threshold of your soul.

Forms of words that coincide only in certain forms in their sound are called homoforms.

Examples of Omoforms

I’m flying “to treat someone” - I’m flying “to fly”

friendly meeting - meeting sister

To figure it out, let’s take the word “three”, first of all it is a form of the accusative and nominative case, if we take the numeral “3”, as well as the imperative form of the verb “rub”.

Example sentences with Omoforms

“Mowed with a scythe with a scythe” can actually have several meanings - “Mowed a drunken man with a crooked scythe,” or some may understand this sentence as “Mowed a crooked, scythe with a hare.”

Homographs are words that are spelled the same but sound differently. Translated from Greek as “I write the same way.” As a rule, words have stress on different syllables.

Examples of Homographs

hit - hit

mugs - mugs

forty - forty

Example sentences with Homographs

The old castle had no lock on the door at all.

It’s not my fault that all the wines turned sour, the barrels were just too thin!

Along with homonyms, that is, homonymous words, there are also homomorphemes, that is, homonymous morphemes, that is, parts of words (prefixes, suffixes, roots, endings) that are the same in spelling and pronunciation, but have different meanings. For example, the ending - A in Russian means:

plural of second declension nouns ( city - cities),

genitive case of nouns ( house - Houses),

feminine past tense verbs ( began - started).

Homonyms, homophones, homographs and homoforms

Homonyms - words that sound the same at the same time And spelled, but different in meaning.

Homophones (phonetic homonyms) are words that sound the same, but have different spellings and meanings.

Homographs (graphic homonyms) are words that are the same in spelling, but different in sound and meaning.

Homoforms (grammatical homonyms) are different words that coincide in individual grammatical forms. For example, the verbs fly and treat coincide in the 1st person singular form of the present tense - I'm flying. Examples of homoforms.

Homonymy in taxonomy[edit | edit wiki text]

According to their morphological structure, homonyms are simple, or non-derivative, and derivative. Non-derivative homonyms are most abundant among nouns. Derivative homonymy is especially common among verbs (cf.: backfillA t- fall asleep and backfillA t- fill with something loose, etc.).

The so-called homoforms, homophones and homographs, which are similar to lexical homonymy, but characterize in the broad sense of the word the phenomenon of so-called stylistic homonymy, should not be confused with lexical homonyms: 1) the coincidence of the sound and spelling of one or more forms of words - homoforms(cf. roadsO th- them. n. masculine adjective and roadsO th- gender, date, sentence feminine adjective cases); 2) the same pronunciation, but different spellings of words and phrases - homophones(cf. eye - voice; could - got wet); 3) the same spelling, but different pronunciation of words - homographs(cf. hA mock And deputyO To).

Such phenomena, along with lexical homonymy itself, can be used for various stylistic purposes: to create expressiveness of speech, in puns, jokes, etc.

See, for example, Y. Kozlovsky in the poem “The Bear and the Wasps” from the series of poems “About diverse words, identical, but different”:

Carried by the bear, walking to the market ,

Honey for sale jug .

Suddenly on a bear - here misfortune ! -

The wasps got it into their head misfortune .

Teddy bear with an army aspen

Fought torn out aspen .

Could he not be furious? fall into ,

If the wasps climbed into the mouth ,

They stung where horrible ,

For this they horrible .

Homonymous words, along with polysemantic ones, also form certain groups, connected internally by the unity of semantically different words, similar in spelling, pronunciation, and the same grammatical forms. Consequently, they, falling out of the system of words, semantically close or opposite, nevertheless represent formally united syntagms, i.e. elements of the general language system.

Note. Words that are homonymous should not be mixed with paronyms(gr. para - near + onyma - name), which differ in meaning, but are similar in pronunciation, grammatical affiliation, and often the relationship of the roots. For example, subscription - subscriber, everyday - everyday, offensive - touchy, provide - present and many more etc. (See about this in more detail: Vishnyakova O.V. Paronymy in the Russian language. M., 1984.)

Many foreigners note that the Russian language is very difficult to learn. It is especially difficult with words that are spelled differently from how they are heard, or are similar in sound to a radically different word. We are talking about homophones, which we will devote this article to.

A homophone is...

Let's figure out what it is. The list will help us:

• A pair or more words that sound the same, but are spelled differently and have completely different meanings.
• Phonetic (sound) ambiguity.
• Phonetic homonyms (from Greek - “identical sounds”).

Homophones in the Russian language are formed thanks to the following sources:

• Changing the sound of a vowel in an unstressed position.
• sounds when the latter are placed at the end of a word or before another consonant.

To make it more clear to you what we are talking about, we will give specific examples of homophones.

Homophones: examples of words and phrases

Let's get acquainted with the different types of this phonetic phenomenon. Examples of homophone words:

• Stunning consonants: meadow-onion, twig-pond, cat-code, threshold-vice, opened-boiled, case-fall, cry-cry.
• Merging with the second consonant: ball-ball.
• Reduction of vowels: give-betray, ghost-bring.
• The sound of the verb coincides in the infinitive and the 3rd person of the present or simple future tense: it is necessary to decide - it will be decided today, we will build - the village is being built.

You can also find examples of homophone phrases - both the coincidence in the sound of one word and a whole phrase, and the coincidence of two phrases. Sometimes the only difference is the location of the space. For example:

• pine - from sleep;
• not mine - mute;
• skid - by the nose;
• I carry different things - awkward things;
• in place - together;
• manure - for carts;
• for the cause - touched;
• from the hatch - and evil.

In context it looks like this:

• This warrior could stand up for his entire family. In a public place, you should close your mouth when you yawn.
• He was always drawn to the sea, Pavel said that this was his element. In this sad hour, I am writing poetry to you.
• What does this have to do with what I once told you? I already find my way around this area, and without the help of a navigator.
• It was decided to continue moving, not allowing even the slightest delay. Valya re-read her mother’s letter line by line.
• I was again drawn to green meadows, noisy waterfalls, unexplored forests, brown rocks. No matter what he says, his speech seems to be laced with puns.
• Every day I walk the same path, but I carry different things. She simply could not wrap her head around these truly absurd things.

Origin of the concept

Homophone - it comes from the ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος, which means “speaking the same language,” “consonant,” “consonant.” According to another version, the concept was formed from a combination of two ancient Greek words: ὁμός - “same”, “equal” and φωνή - “sound”, “voice”.

Similar concepts

Do not confuse homophones with related terms:

• Homonyms- morphemes, words and other units of language are completely identical in both sound and spelling; their cardinal difference is in meaning. Example: ether in radio broadcasting and ether is an organic substance.
• Homographs- such words are the same in spelling, but completely different in pronunciation. A lock with stress on the first syllable and a lock with stress on the second.
• Omoforms- so-called graphic homonyms. Different words that have the same spelling only in a specific grammatical form. For example, I’m flying - the verbs “fly” and “to treat”, I’m crying - the infinitives “cry” and “pay”.
• Omomorphemes- various morphemes (parts of a word - prefixes, roots, suffixes, endings), which are the same in both spelling and pronunciation, but have different meanings. A striking example of this is “a”. It can be the ending of a plural noun (city), the ending of a genitive noun (I'm at home today), the ending of a verb in the past tense (received).
• Paronyms- words that have similar sounds but different meanings. Addressee-addressee, blood-bloody, subscriber-subscription.

Homonyms are divided into:

• Complete - words that have all the same forms. Note that what distinguishes homographs from this type of homonym is that they can be used in different parts of speech.
• Partial - not all absolutely identical forms of a word coincide.
• Grammatical - one or several forms match.

Homophones in other languages

Examples of homophone words can be found not only in the Russian dialect:

• The French language is distinguished by the fact that it is extremely rich in homophones. The reason for this is that the vast majority of the final letters in it are not readable. The following homophonic chain can be built: ver - verre - vers - vert.
• English language learners have also often been stranded by frequent encounters with homophones. This is due to the fact that identically heard sounds in this adverb are denoted in writing by completely different letters. For example: knew - new, bear - bare, whole - hole.

So, homophones are words that we pronounce the same way, but we write differently, and the meaning in each of them is radically different. It is difficult for native speakers to get confused by this kind of phonetic ambiguity, but for Russian learners, homophones can become a serious problem.