· Power boiler houses are designed to generate steam for steam turbine plants.

· Industrial heating systems produce steam and hot water to meet the technological needs of production, as well as heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems.

· Industrial boiler rooms are designed to supply the enterprise with steam and hot water.

· Heating boiler rooms produce steam and hot water for heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems.

Schematic diagram of a production heating boiler room with a steam and hot water boiler

PC - steam boiler D - deaerator NS - network water pump

VK – hot water boiler HVO – chemical water treatment NP – feed water pump

HX – cold water pump NR – recirculation pump P – water heater

NPP – make-up water pump

Classification of boilers according to the organization of water and steam movement

Scheme with natural circulation.

A closed loop of natural circulation consists of two pipe systems: heated and unheated, united at the top into a drum and at the bottom into a manifold. The volume of the boiler filled with water is called the water volume, and the upper part occupied by steam is called the steam volume. The surface separating the water and vapor volumes is called the evaporation mirror.

When high temperatures are created in the firebox, water boils in the heated pipes and fills the pipes with a steam-water mixture having a density of ρ cm. Unheated pipes are filled with water having a density of ρ’. Consequently, the lowest point of the circuit - the collector - is, on the one hand, subject to the pressure of a column of water filling unheated pipes, equal to ρ'gН, and on the other, to the pressure of a column of steam-water mixture filling heated pipes, equal to ρ cm gН. The resulting pressure difference

S dv = ρ cm gН– ρ’gН = gН(ρ’-ρ cm) causes water movement in the circuit and is called the driving pressure of natural circulation.

In the formula: H – contour height, m

ρ’ and ρ cm – density of water and steam-water mixture, kg/m 3

g – free fall acceleration, m/s 2

S dv – driving pressure, Pa

The movement of water in the circulation circuit is multiple. This means that during one cycle of passage through the steam-forming pipes, the water partially evaporates. With natural circulation, the mass vapor content at the outlet of the steam-generating pipes is 3-25%. When the steam content at the outlet is, for example, 10%, in order to completely evaporate the remaining volume of water, it must move through the circuit another 9 times, and a total of 10 times. Thus, there is a 10-fold circulation of the steam-water mixture. Therefore, the process of formation and removal of steam from the circuit occurs continuously. Feed water also continuously flows into the drum, mixing in the drum with boiling water from the steam-generating pipes and entering the downcomers. Therefore, water circulates in the circuit all the time in a constant quantity. To reduce hydraulic resistance, lifting pipes are placed vertically or steeply inclined.

The ratio of the mass amount of water Ĝ 0 (kg/s) circulating along the circuit to the amount of steam D (kg/s) formed in it per unit time is called the circulation rate: K = Ĝ 0 /D

For boilers with natural circulation K=4..30

A boiler plant (boiler room) is a structure in which the working fluid (coolant) (usually water) is heated for a heating or steam supply system, located in one technical room. Boiler houses are connected to consumers using heating mains and/or steam pipelines. The main device of a boiler room is a steam, fire tube and/or hot water boiler. Boiler houses are used for centralized heat and steam supply or local heat supply to buildings.

A boiler plant is a complex of devices located in special rooms and used to convert the chemical energy of fuel into the thermal energy of steam or hot water. Its main elements are a boiler, a combustion device (furnace), feeding and draft devices. In general, a boiler installation is a combination of boiler(s) and equipment, including the following devices: fuel supply and combustion; purification, chemical preparation and deaeration of water; heat exchangers for various purposes; source (raw) water pumps, network or circulation - for circulating water in the heating system, make-up - to replace water consumed by the consumer and leaks in networks, feed pumps for supplying water to steam boilers, recirculation (mixing); nutrient tanks, condensation tanks, hot water storage tanks; blower fans and air duct; smoke exhausters, gas path and chimney; ventilation devices; systems for automatic regulation and safety of fuel combustion; heat shield or control panel.

A boiler is a heat exchange device in which heat from the hot combustion products of fuel is transferred to water. As a result, water is converted into steam in steam boilers, and heated to the required temperature in hot water boilers.

The combustion device is used to burn fuel and convert its chemical energy into heat of heated gases.

Feeding devices (pumps, injectors) are designed to supply water to the boiler.

The draft device consists of blower fans, a gas-air duct system, smoke exhausters and a chimney, which ensure the supply of the required amount of air to the firebox and the movement of combustion products through the boiler flues, as well as their removal into the atmosphere. Combustion products, moving through flues and coming into contact with the heating surface, transfer heat to water.

To ensure more economical operation, modern boiler systems have auxiliary elements: a water economizer and an air heater, which serve to heat water and air, respectively; devices for fuel supply and ash removal, for cleaning flue gases and feed water; thermal control devices and automation equipment that ensure normal and uninterrupted operation of all parts of the boiler room.

Depending on the use of their heat, boiler houses are divided into energy, heating and industrial and heating.

Energy boiler houses supply steam to steam power plants that generate electricity, and are usually part of a power plant complex. Heating and industrial boiler houses are found in industrial enterprises and provide heat for heating and ventilation systems, hot water supply to buildings and production processes. Heating boiler houses solve the same problems, but serve residential and public buildings. They are divided into free-standing, interlocking, i.e. adjacent to other buildings, and built into buildings. Recently, more and more often, separate enlarged boiler houses are being built with the expectation of servicing a group of buildings, a residential area, or a microdistrict.

The installation of boiler rooms built into residential and public buildings is currently permitted only with appropriate justification and agreement with the sanitary inspection authorities.

Low-power boiler houses (individual and small group) usually consist of boilers, circulation and feed pumps and draft devices. Depending on this equipment, the dimensions of the boiler room are mainly determined.

2. Classification of boiler installations

Boiler installations, depending on the nature of consumers, are divided into energy, production and heating and heating. Based on the type of coolant produced, they are divided into steam (for generating steam) and hot water (for producing hot water).

Power boiler plants produce steam for steam turbines in thermal power plants. Such boiler houses are usually equipped with high- and medium-power boiler units that produce steam with increased parameters.

Industrial heating boiler systems (usually steam) produce steam not only for industrial needs, but also for heating, ventilation and hot water supply.

Heating boiler systems (mainly hot water, but they can also be steam) are designed to service heating systems for industrial and residential premises.

Depending on the scale of heat supply, heating boiler houses are local (individual), group and district.

Local boiler houses are usually equipped with hot water boilers that heat water to a temperature of no more than 115 °C or steam boilers with a working pressure of up to 70 kPa. Such boiler houses are designed to supply heat to one or more buildings.

Group boiler systems provide heat to groups of buildings, residential areas or small neighborhoods. They are equipped with both steam and hot water boilers with higher heating capacity than boilers for local boiler houses. These boiler rooms are usually located in specially constructed separate buildings.

District heating boiler houses are used to supply heat to large residential areas: they are equipped with relatively powerful hot water or steam boilers.

Rice. 1.

Rice. 2.

Rice. 3.

Rice. 4.

It is customary to conventionally show individual elements of a boiler installation schematic diagram in the form of rectangles, circles, etc. and connect them to each other with lines (solid, dotted), indicating a pipeline, steam lines, etc. There are significant differences in the basic diagrams of steam and water heating boiler plants. A steam boiler plant (Fig. 4, a) consisting of two steam boilers 1, equipped with individual water 4 and air 5 economizers, includes a group ash collector 11, to which the flue gases are approached through a collection hog 12. For suction of flue gases in the area between the ash collector 11 and smoke exhausters 7 with electric motors 8 are installed in the chimney 9. To operate the boiler room without smoke exhausters, dampers 10 are installed.

Steam from the boilers through separate steam lines 19 enters the common steam line 18 and through it to the consumer 17. Having given up heat, the steam condenses and returns through the condensate line 16 to the boiler room in the collecting condensation tank 14. Through pipeline 15, additional water from the water supply or chemical water treatment is supplied to the condensation tank (to compensate for the volume not returned from consumers).

In the case when part of the condensate is lost from the consumer, a mixture of condensate and additional water is supplied from the condensation tank by pumps 13 through the supply pipeline 2, first into the economizer 4, and then into the boiler 1. The air required for combustion is sucked in by centrifugal blower fans 6 partially from the room boiler room, partly from the outside and through air ducts 3, it is supplied first to air heaters 5, and then to the boiler furnaces.

The water heating boiler installation (Fig. 4, b) consists of two water heating boilers 1, one group water economizer 5, serving both boilers. Flue gases leaving the economizer through a common collection duct 3 enter directly into the chimney 4. Water heated in the boilers enters the common pipeline 8, from where it is supplied to the consumer 7. Having given off heat, the cooled water through the return pipeline 2 is sent first to the economizer 5 , and then again into the boilers. Water is moved through a closed circuit (boiler, consumer, economizer, boiler) by circulation pumps 6.

Rice. 5. : 1 - circulation pump; 2 - firebox; 3 - steam superheater; 4 - upper drum; 5 - water heater; 6 - air heater; 7 - chimney; 8 - centrifugal fan (smoke exhauster); 9 - fan for supplying air to the air heater

In Fig. Figure 6 shows a diagram of a boiler unit with a steam boiler having an upper drum 12. At the bottom of the boiler there is a firebox 3. To burn liquid or gaseous fuel, nozzles or burners 4 are used, through which the fuel together with air is supplied to the firebox. The boiler is limited by brick walls - lining 7.

When burning fuel, the heat released heats water to a boil in tube screens 2 installed on the inner surface of the firebox 3 and ensures its transformation into water vapor.

Fig 6.

Flue gases from the furnace enter the boiler flues, formed by lining and special partitions installed in the pipe bundles. When moving, the gases wash the bundles of pipes of the boiler and superheater 11, pass through the economizer 5 and the air heater 6, where they are also cooled due to the transfer of heat to the water entering the boiler and the air supplied to the firebox. Then, the significantly cooled flue gases are removed through the chimney 19 into the atmosphere using a smoke exhauster 17. Flue gases can be removed from the boiler without a smoke exhauster under the influence of natural draft created by the chimney.

Water from the water supply source through the supply pipeline is supplied by pump 16 to the water economizer 5, from where, after heating, it enters the upper drum of the boiler 12. Filling of the boiler drum with water is controlled by a water indicator glass installed on the drum. In this case, the water evaporates, and the resulting steam is collected in the upper part of the upper drum 12. Then the steam enters the superheater 11, where due to the heat of the flue gases it is completely dried and its temperature rises.

From the superheater 11, steam enters the main steam line 13 and from there to the consumer, and after use it is condensed and returned to the boiler room in the form of hot water (condensate).

Losses of condensate from the consumer are replenished with water from the water supply or from other water supply sources. Before entering the boiler, water is subjected to appropriate treatment.

The air required for fuel combustion is taken, as a rule, from the top of the boiler room and supplied by fan 18 to air heater 6, where it is heated and then sent to the furnace. In boiler houses of small capacity, there are usually no air heaters, and cold air is supplied to the firebox either by a fan or due to the vacuum in the firebox created by the chimney. Boiler installations are equipped with water treatment devices (not shown in the diagram), control and measuring instruments and appropriate automation equipment, which ensures their uninterrupted and reliable operation.

Rice. 7.

For proper installation of all elements of the boiler room, use a wiring diagram, an example of which is shown in Fig. 9.

Rice. 9.

Hot water boiler systems are designed to produce hot water used for heating, hot water supply and other purposes.

To ensure normal operation, boiler rooms with hot water boilers are equipped with the necessary fittings, instrumentation and automation equipment.

A hot water boiler house has one coolant - water, in contrast to a steam boiler house, which has two coolants - water and steam. In this regard, the steam boiler room must have separate pipelines for steam and water, as well as tanks for collecting condensate. However, this does not mean that the circuits of hot water boiler houses are simpler than steam ones. Water heating and steam boiler houses vary in complexity depending on the type of fuel used, the design of the boilers, furnaces, etc. Both steam and water heating boiler systems usually include several boiler units, but not less than two and no more than four or five . All of them are connected by common communications - pipelines, gas pipelines, etc.

The design of lower power boilers is shown below in paragraph 4 of this topic. To better understand the structure and principles of operation of boilers of different power, it is advisable to compare the structure of these less powerful boilers with the structure of the higher power boilers described above, and find in them the main elements that perform the same functions, as well as understand the main reasons for the differences in designs.

3. Classification of boiler units

Boilers as technical devices for the production of steam or hot water are distinguished by a variety of design forms, principles of operation, types of fuel used and production indicators. But according to the method of organizing the movement of water and steam-water mixture, all boilers can be divided into the following two groups:

Boilers with natural circulation;

Boilers with forced movement of coolant (water, steam-water mixture).

In modern heating and heating-industrial boiler houses, boilers with natural circulation are mainly used to produce steam, and boilers with forced movement of coolant operating on the direct-flow principle are used to produce hot water.

Modern natural circulation steam boilers are made of vertical pipes located between two collectors (upper and lower drums). Their device is shown in the drawing in Fig. 10, photograph of the upper and lower drum with the pipes connecting them - in Fig. 11, and placement in the boiler room is shown in Fig. 12. One part of the pipes, called heated “riser pipes,” is heated by the torch and combustion products, and the other, usually unheated part of the pipes, is located outside the boiler unit and is called “descent pipes.” In heated lifting pipes, water is heated to a boil, partially evaporates and enters the boiler drum in the form of a steam-water mixture, where it is separated into steam and water. Through lowering unheated pipes, water from the upper drum enters the lower collector (drum).

The movement of the coolant in boilers with natural circulation is carried out due to the driving pressure created by the difference in the weights of the water column in the lowering pipes and the column of steam-water mixture in the rising pipes.

Rice. 10.

Rice. eleven.

Rice. 12.

In steam boilers with multiple forced circulation, the heating surfaces are made in the form of coils that form circulation circuits. The movement of water and steam-water mixture in such circuits is carried out using a circulation pump.

In direct-flow steam boilers, the circulation ratio is unity, i.e. The feed water, when heated, successively turns into a steam-water mixture, saturated and superheated steam.

In hot water boilers, water moving along the circulation circuit is heated in one revolution from the initial to the final temperature.

Based on the type of coolant, boilers are divided into hot water and steam boilers. The main indicators of a hot water boiler are thermal power, that is, heating output, and water temperature; The main indicators of a steam boiler are steam output, pressure and temperature.

Hot water boilers, the purpose of which is to obtain hot water of specified parameters, are used to supply heat to heating and ventilation systems, household and technological consumers. Hot water boilers, usually operating on the direct-flow principle with a constant flow of water, are installed not only at thermal power plants, but also in district heating, as well as heating and industrial boiler houses as the main source of heat supply.

Rice. 13.

Rice. 14.

Based on the relative movement of heat-exchanging media (flue gases, water and steam), steam boilers (steam generators) can be divided into two groups: water-tube boilers and fire-tube boilers. In water-tube steam generators, water and a steam-water mixture move inside the pipes, and flue gases wash the outside of the pipes. In Russia in the 20th century, Shukhov water-tube boilers were mainly used. In fire tubes, on the contrary, flue gases move inside the pipes, and water washes the pipes outside.

Based on the principle of movement of water and steam-water mixture, steam generators are divided into units with natural circulation and with forced circulation. The latter are divided into direct-flow and multiple-forced circulation.

Examples of placement of boilers of different capacities and purposes, as well as other equipment, in boiler rooms are shown in Fig. 14-16.

Rice. 15.

Rice. 16. Examples of placement of household boilers and other equipment

Boiler plant consists of a boiler unit and auxiliary equipment. Boiler unit (boiler) is a device designed to produce hot water or water steam at high pressure due to the heat released during the combustion of organic fuel, or heat supplied from a constant source (for example, with hot gases).

Boiler room refers to the building in which boilers and some auxiliary equipment are located.

The boiler unit consists of a firebox and a convective flue and in general may include a drum, festoon, steam superheater, water economizer, air heater; has a frame, lining, thermal insulation, metal cladding.

TO auxiliary equipment boiler installation includes draft machines, devices for cleaning heating surfaces, fuel preparation and fuel supply, slag and ash removal equipment, ash collection and other gas cleaning devices, fuel, water and steam pipelines, automation, control and protection instruments and devices, water treatment equipment, fittings, fittings, chimney. The composition of the auxiliary equipment is determined by the type of fuel burned, the type of boiler unit and its power.

Fittings called regulating and shut-off devices, safety valves, pressure gauges. Headset- these are hatches, manholes, peepholes, gates, dampers.

Boiler units are steam And hot water. Waste heat boilers are devices in which the heat of gases exhausted from furnaces, gas turbines or other products of various technological productions is used (recovered) to heat water or produce water steam.

According to the nature of the movement of water, steam-water mixture and steam, steam boilers are divided into drum boilers with repeated natural circulation(Fig. 5.1, A), drums with repeated forced circulation(Fig. 5.1, b) and straight-through(Fig. 5.1, V). In drum boilers with natural circulation (Fig. 5.1, A, 5.2) due to the difference in liquid densities in the left (down) pipes 2 and steam-water mixture in the right (lifting) pipes 4 the water moves downwards, and the steam-water mixture moves upwards. The riser pipes are located in the boiler furnace and are called screen pipes. Driving pressure Ar, Pa, for water circulation in pipes is equal to

Where h- height of the circulation circuit, m; p in, p cm - density of water and steam-water mixture, respectively, kg/m 3.

Rice. 5.1. Scheme of steam generation in steam boilers: A- natural circulation; b- multiple forced circulation; V- direct-flow movement; B - drum; IP - evaporation surfaces; PE - steam superheater; VE - water economizer; D nE - superheated steam consumption; Gn.e - feed water consumption; PN - feed pump; CN - circulation pump; NK - lower collector; q- heat supply; OP - downpipes; PD - lifting pipes

In boilers with multiple forced circulation (see Fig.

5.1, b) The movement of coolants is carried out through a circulation pump. In direct-flow boilers (see Fig. 5.1, c) there is no drum and circulation circuit; water is pumped by a feed pump through a water economizer and evaporating surfaces connected in series.

The ratio of the amount of water passing through the circuit to the steam output of the circuit over the same period of time is called circulation rate K p. For boilers with natural circulation K c = 10-60, for once-through boilers K c = 1.

Rice. 5.2. Natural circulation of water in the boiler:

1 - boiler drum; 2 - down pipes; 3 - lower manifold; 4 - lifting pipes; 5 - outer surface of the combustion chamber

Energy Boilers are installations designed to supply water steam to turbines of thermal power plants (Fig. 5.3). To supply industrial consumers with water steam, as well as for heating buildings, in some cases, industrial and heating boiler installations are installed, respectively (Fig. 5.4-5.6).

Based on productivity, steam boilers are divided into boilers with low (up to 25 t/h), medium (from 35-50 to 160-220 t/h) and high steam output (from 220 t/h and above).

Based on the pressure of the generated water vapor, boilers of low (up to 1.37 MPa), medium (2.35 and 3.9 MPa), high (9.81 and 13.7 MPa) and supercritical pressure (25.1 MPa) are distinguished. In high and supercritical pressure boilers, the temperature of superheated steam is 540-570 °C.

Hot water boilers are characterized by their heat output Q, MW (Gcal/h), temperature and pressure of superheated water and the type of metal (cast iron, steel) from which the boiler is made (see clause 5.3).

Boiler installations, depending on the type of consumer, are divided into energy, production and heating and heating. Based on the type of coolant produced, they are divided into steam (for generating steam) and hot water (for producing hot water).

Energy boiler plants generate steam for steam turbines in thermal power plants. Such boiler houses are usually equipped with high- and medium-power boiler units that produce steam with increased parameters.

Industrial heating boiler installations(usually steam) produce steam not only for industrial needs, but also for heating, ventilation and hot water supply.

Heating boiler systems(mainly hot water, but they can also be steam) are designed to service heating systems, hot water supply and ventilation of industrial and residential premises.

Depending on the scale of heat supply, heating boiler houses are divided into local (individual), group and district.

Local heating boiler houses usually equipped with hot water boilers with water heating to a temperature of no more than or steam boilers with a working pressure of up to. Such boiler houses are designed to supply heat to one or more buildings.

Group heating boiler houses provide warmth to groups of buildings, residential areas or small neighborhoods. Such boiler houses are equipped with both steam and hot water boilers, which, as a rule, have a higher heating capacity than boilers for local boiler houses. These boiler rooms are usually located in special buildings.

District heating boiler houses designed for heat supply to large residential areas; they are equipped with relatively powerful hot water and steam boilers.

Rice. 1.1

In Fig. 1.1. a diagram of a district heating boiler house with hot water boilers is shown 1 type PTVM-50 with a heating capacity of 58 MW. Boilers can operate on liquid and gaseous fuel, so they are equipped with burners and nozzles 3 . The air required for combustion is supplied to the furnace by blower fans 4 driven by electric motors. Each boiler has 12 burners and the same number of fans.

Water is supplied to the boiler by pumps 5 driven by electric motors. Having passed through the heating surface, the water is heated and supplied to consumers, where it gives off some of the heat and returns to the boiler at a lower temperature. Flue gases from the boiler are removed into the atmosphere through a pipe 2.

This boiler room has a semi-open type layout: the lower part of the boilers (up to approximately a height of 6 m) is located in the building, and their upper part is in the open air. Inside the boiler room there are blower fans, pumps, and a control panel. A deaerator is installed on the ceiling of the boiler room 6 to remove oxygen from water.

In boiler systems with steam boilers(Fig. 1.2) steam boiler 4 has two drums - upper and lower. The drums are connected to each other by three bundles of pipes that form the heating surface of the boiler. When the boiler is operating, the lower drum is filled with water, the upper drum is filled with water in the lower part, and saturated water vapor in the upper part. At the bottom of the boiler there is a firebox 2 with a mechanical grate for burning solid fuel. When burning liquid and gaseous fuels, instead of a grate, nozzles or burners are installed, through which the fuel together with air is supplied to the firebox. The boiler is limited by brick walls - lining.

The work process in the boiler room proceeds as follows. Fuel from the fuel storage is supplied by a conveyor to the bunker, from where it goes to the firebox grate, where it burns. As a result of fuel combustion, flue gases are formed - combustion products burn.

Flue gases from the furnace enter the boiler flues, formed by lining and special partitions installed in the pipe bundles. As they move, the gases wash the tube bundles of the superheater boiler 3, pass through the economizer 5 and the air heater, where they are cooled due to the supply of heat to the water entering the boiler and the air supplied to the furnace.

The cooled flue gases are removed through the chimney 7 into the atmosphere using a smoke exhauster 8. Flue gases from the boiler can be removed without a smoke exhauster under the influence of natural draft with a built-in chimney.

Water from the water supply source to the supply pipeline is pumped 1 into the water economizer, from where, after heating, it enters the upper drum of the boiler. The filling of the boiler drum with water is controlled by a water indicator glass installed on the drum.

Rice. 1.2

From the upper drum of the boiler, water descends through pipes into the lower drum, from where it rises again through the left bundle of pipes into the upper drum. In this case, the water evaporates, and the resulting steam is collected in the upper part of the upper drum. Then the steam enters superheater 3, where it is completely dried by the heat of the flue gases, as a result of which its temperature rises.

From the superheater, steam enters the main steam line and from there to the consumer, and after use it is condensed and returned to the boiler room in the form of hot water (condensate). Condensate losses from the consumer are replenished with water from the water supply or other water supply sources. Before entering the boiler, water is subjected to appropriate treatment.

The air required for fuel combustion is taken, as a rule, from the top of the boiler room and supplied by fan 9 to the air heater, where it is heated and then sent to the firebox. In boiler houses of small capacity, there are usually no air heaters, and cold air is supplied to the firebox either by a fan or due to the vacuum in the firebox created by the chimney.

A boiler plant with steam boilers has a closed type layout, when all the main equipment of the boiler room is located in the building.

Boiler installations are equipped with water treatment devices (not shown in the diagram), control and measuring instruments and appropriate automation equipment, which ensures their uninterrupted and reliable operation.

Hot water boiler houses installations are designed to produce hot water used for heating, hot water supply and other purposes.

Rice. 1.1 Boiler room with cast iron hot water boilers 1-hopper for collecting ash and slag; 2-scraper; 3-scraper drive winch; 4-ash collectors of cyclone type; 5-smoke exhauster; 6-brick chimney; 7-boiler; 8-blow fan; 9-installation of chemical water purification (filter); 10-scraper channel for removing slag and ash

A hot water boiler house has one coolant - water, in contrast to a steam boiler house, which has two coolants - water and steam. In this regard, the steam boiler room must have separate pipelines for steam and water, as well as a tank for collecting condensate.

Hot water and steam boiler houses differ depending on the type of fuel used, the design of boilers, furnaces, etc. Both a steam and water heating boiler installation usually includes several boiler units, but no less than two and no more than four or five. All of them are connected by common communications - pipelines, gas pipelines, etc.

Plants operating on nuclear fuel, the feedstock of which is uranium ore, are becoming increasingly widespread.

Development of an optimal technical solution for the manufacture of a boiler room, taking into account all specifications provided by the Customer

About company

Our company has been producing modular container boiler systems of the COMPACT type since the summer of 2004. COMPACT boiler houses with heating capacity from 100 kW to 20,000 kW are designed for heating and hot water supply of residential, industrial and public facilities, as well as to provide hot water or steam for the technological needs of various industries

What types of boiler rooms are there?

Energy requires the use of various types of boiler houses, classified according to various criteria: the type of fuel and coolant used, location, principle of mechanization or automation, goals and customer requirements.

Types of boiler houses by type of fuel:

• gas boiler houses, their main advantage is efficiency and environmental friendliness. They do not require complex large-sized equipment and can operate autonomously;
• liquid fuel boiler houses - operate on fuel oil, oil, diesel fuel and waste oil, are quickly put into operation and do not require permits for their use, connection and are not limited by fuel volumes;
• solid fuel boiler houses - operate on wood, peat, wood processing industry waste, and coal. Their “trick” is the low cost of fuel and availability, but they require the installation of fuel supply systems and ash and slag removal systems.

Types of boiler houses depending on the coolant:

• hot water– boiler houses used in hot water supply and heating systems for residential and non-residential buildings. Water is used as a coolant, heated to a maximum of +95...+110°C;
• steam– steam is used as a coolant, and most often such boiler rooms are installed in industries;
• combined– they use boilers of both types, and hot water covers the load for ventilation and heating needs and water supply, and steam is used for technological processes;
• oily– diathermic oil and other organic liquids, heated to a temperature of +300°C, are used as a coolant.

Types of boiler houses depending on their location

1. Block-modular systems have a number of advantages compared to stationary boiler houses. They are distinguished by the speed of installation and commissioning, the ability to increase capacity due to the addition of modular units and autonomy, high efficiency and mobility. They can be attached to a wall, built into it, placed on the roof and in the basement, or stand separately from each other.
2. Stationary boiler houses are used when a power of 30 or more MW is required or when it is impossible to build a block-modular system. They are capital, solid and require installation at the work site.

Types of boiler houses according to the degree of mechanization or automation of work processes:

• automated– fully automated and require virtually no human intervention;
• mechanized– equipped with mechanized elements – conveyor belts, coal crushers, chip catchers, etc., which greatly facilitates the operator’s work;
• manual– equipped with manual fuel supply modules (trolley or hopper with external loading system), cleaning of ash and slag is also carried out manually.