For answers to tasks 29-32, use a separate sheet. First write down the number of the task (29, 30, etc.), and then the answer to it. Write your answers clearly and legibly.

ORIGIN OF LIVING BEINGS

In the Middle Ages, people willingly believed that geese came from fir trees, and lambs are born from the fruits of a melon tree. The beginning of these ideas, called "The Theory of Spontaneous Generation", was laid by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. In the 17th century F. Redi suggested that the living is born only from the living and there is no spontaneous generation. He put a piece of snake, fish, eel and beef into four jars and covered them with gauze to keep air in. Four other similar jars he filled with the same pieces of meat, but left them open. In the experiment, Redi changed only one condition: the jar was open or closed. Flies could not get into a closed jar. After some time, worms appeared in the meat lying in open (control) vessels. No worms were found in closed jars.

In the 19th century A serious blow to the theory of spontaneous generation was dealt by L. Pasteur, who suggested that life is introduced into nutrient media along with air in the form of spores. The scientist designed a flask with a neck similar to a swan's neck, filled it with meat broth and boiled it on a spirit lamp. After boiling, the flask was left on the table, and all room dust and microbes in the air, easily penetrating through the opening of the neck inside, settled on the bend without falling into the broth. The contents of the flask remained unchanged for a long time. However, if the neck is broken (the scientist used control flasks), then the broth quickly became cloudy. Thus, Pasteur proved that life does not originate in the broth, but is brought from outside along with air containing spores of fungi and bacteria. Consequently, scientists, putting their experiments, refuted one of the most important arguments of the supporters of the theory of spontaneous generation, who believed that air is the “active principle” that ensures the emergence of living things from inanimate.

1) What equipment did F. Redi use in his experiment?

2) What was the object of study in the experiments of L. Pasteur?

3) How could worms appear on meat in open jars?

Show answer

1) 8 cans, gauze.

OR Jars and gauze.

2) Meat broth.

3) Worms - worm-like insect larvae are formed from eggs laid by house flies

Using Table 1 "Comparative composition of blood plasma, primary and secondary urine of the human body", as well as using knowledge from the biology course, answer the following questions.

Comparative composition of blood plasma, primary and secondary urine of the human body (in %)

1) The concentration of what substance practically remains unchanged as the blood plasma turns into secondary urine?

2) What substance and why is it absent in the composition of secondary urine compared to primary?

Show answer

The correct answer must contain the following elements.

1) Sodium.

OR Sodium (as part of salts).

2) Glucose.

3) In the convoluted channels of the nephron, glucose is actively absorbed into the blood

Olga, a master of sports in tennis, is at a training camp, where every day for four hours (morning and evening), she actively trains with her friends. In their free time between workouts, the girls decided to have lunch at a fast food restaurant.

Using the data of tables 2 and 3, offer Olga the menu that is optimal in terms of calories and protein ratio from the list of proposed dishes and drinks in order to compensate for your energy costs of a two-hour morning workout.

When choosing, keep in mind that Olga loves sweets and will definitely order ice cream with chocolate filling, as well as a sweet drink. However, the coach asked Olga to consume meals with the greatest content squirrel.

This page contains demonstration OGE options in biology for grade 9 for 2009 - 2019.

Demo Options OGE in biology contain tasks of three types: tasks where you need to choose one of the proposed answers, tasks where you need to give a short answer, and tasks where you need to give a detailed answer. The tasks of the first and second types were given the correct answers, and the content of the correct answer and the evaluation criteria were given to the tasks of the third type.

AT demo version of the OGE 2019 in biology compared to 2018 demo no changes.

Demonstration options for the OGE in biology

Note that demonstration versions of the OGE in biology are presented in pdf format, and in order to view them you need to have installed, for example, the freely distributed Adobe Reader software package on your computer.

The scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper
on a five-point scale

• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the completion of the examination paper in 2018 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper in 2017 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper in 2016 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper in 2015 into a mark on a five-point scale;
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper in 2014 into a mark on a five-point scale.
• a scale for recalculating the primary score for the performance of the examination paper in 2013 into a mark on a five-point scale.

Biology Demo Changes

Demonstration options for the OGE in biology 2009-2014 consisted of 3 parts: tasks with a choice of answers, tasks with a short answer, tasks with a detailed answer.

2013 in the part 2 (B) was added a practice-oriented task for correlating the morphological features of an organism or its individual organs with the proposed models according to a given algorithm.

In 2014 in demonstration version of the OGE in biology the following changes:

• in part 1(A) to 2 was abbreviated number of tasks
• in part 2 (B) was added a new task with a choice of three correct answers out of six;
• in part 3(C) it was new task included on the application of biological knowledge in a practical situation;
• the total number of tasks has not changed, but the maximum primary score for completing the exam risen from 43 to 46.

In 2015 in demo version of the OGE in biologyvariant structure changed:

• The variant began to consist in two parts.
• Numbering assignments has become through throughout the variant without letter designations A, B, C.
• The form of recording the answer in tasks with a choice of answers has been changed: the answer has become necessary to write digit with the number of the correct answer(not circled).

AT demo versions of the OGE 2016 - 2019 in biology compared to 2015 demo there were no changes.

OGE 2017. Biology. 20 training options for examination papers.

M.: 2017. - 240 p.

The attention of schoolchildren and applicants is offered a new manual for preparing for the OGE in biology, which contains 20 options for standard examination papers. 21st option - control. Each option is compiled in full accordance with the requirements of the main state exam in biology, includes assignments different types and difficulty level. At the end of the book, answers are given for self-examination of all tasks. The proposed training options will help the teacher to organize preparation for the final certification, and students to independently test their knowledge and readiness for the final exam.

Format: pdf

The size: 9.3 MB

Watch, download:drive.google ; Rghost

CONTENT
From author 4
Option 1 5
Option 2 15
Option 3 25
Option 4 35
Option 5 46
Option 6 56
Option 7 66
Option 8 74
Option 9 85
Option 10 94
Option 11 104
Option 12 113
Option 13 123
Option 14 133
Option 15 142
Option 16 152
Option 17 162
Option 18 172
Option 19 181
Option 20 190
Control variant 199
Answers 210

Dear students and teachers!
Your attention is invited tutorial, which will help you get acquainted with the wording of the tasks of the future exam, prepare for it and successfully pass it. This collection of training tasks contains 20 options for standard examination papers and one control - the 21st. The wording of the tasks fully complies with the specification of control and measuring materials for the state final certification (GIA) in biology. After working through this material, you will be able to confidently pass the final exam. And even if not all types of tasks will be in examination work- that's all right. As the great Russian commander A. Suvorov said: "It's hard in learning - it's easy in battle." You will be ready to perform work of almost any complexity.
In the new academic year, the options for the tasks of the state final attestation work in biology for the basic school (grade 9) will not change significantly compared to the previous year. The implementation of practical tasks will require students to be attentive and have the skills to work with herbaria, determinants, models and other means of determining the characteristics of various biological objects. There may be some changes among the tasks of parts 1 and 2. They will become somewhat more difficult, but more interesting, and again, their implementation requires special care and the ability to analyze.

OGE in biology is not included in the list of mandatory ones, but is chosen by students quite often. According to experts, most of the subjects pass the exam in this subject quite successfully, therefore the glory of a relatively easy one has stuck to the subject. Also, a number of 9th grade graduates plan to enter medical schools. Biology is also chosen upon admission to the 10th grade with a certain bias.At the stage of the 9th grade, there is not much material covered, it is quite accessible for understanding and mastering.

In 2018, the minimum threshold was 13 points - in other words, 13 tasks are required to pass the exam for a minimum mark. Maximum - 32 points for an "excellent" rating.
The structure of the biology exam is similar to the rest of the exams:

• The first part is designed to check the level of knowledge of factual data, laws, terms. These are ordinary test tasks where you need to find the correct answer from the proposed ones, establish correspondence, sequence - the answers are displayed in the answer sheet.
• The second part is a few tasks that require a detailed answer. It is necessary to solve the problem and describe in detail the course of conclusions.
  

The first step is to decide on the goal to be achieved. Based on the goal, you can create a detailed preparation plan. Without a plan, the process of repetition and study of information will be sketchy, unsystematic, and the result will not be the highest. Familiarization with will allow you to create a plan according to which the preparation will be carried out. It is very important to organize yourself so as not to deviate from the plan, to practice regularly. Best to combine independent work, attentiveness in the classroom and consultation with a teacher or tutor.
I will solve the OGE in biology - this is an additional opportunity to assess the level of knowledge, consolidate the theory, get used to working with test tasks of different types and levels of complexity.
Is it possible to prepare from scratch?
Yes. It takes time, self-discipline and the opportunity to consult with a professional. In this case, it is recommended to hire a tutor and regularly complete assignments online.
It is recommended to start preparation at the beginning of the 9th grade in order to repeat the material for previous years:

• General biology;
• Anatomy;
• Botany;
• Ecology;
• Zoology.