Lee worms. What are the types of red worms in fish and how to properly process food. Tapeworms in herring

Recently, there is a lot of information about the benefits of earthworms. But it's in the garden. And for indoor flowers? Many people think that they need to be destroyed in a pot. Is it so?

Opinions about earthworms are extremely opposite. Some praise their merits and even breed them at home, while others see them as an unpleasant creature, like a voracious caterpillar.

On the Internet you can find many stories, where examples are given of how earthworms "gnawed a poor flower in a pot" (hereinafter - quotes from various forums). However, such statements raise serious doubts. And first of all, in the education of their authors.

Here is a quote that begins one story: "Usually earthworms are considered beneficial insects ...".

What follows is a description of a poor flower that "withered before our eyes." After taking it out of the pot, it turned out that there was an earthworm (and not even one!). Apparently, "these worms devoured all the roots, only pitiful stubs remained of them."

Of course, we know what earthworms look like. Let's try to figure out if they can harm plants.

To begin with, earthworms are not insects (as they were called on the forum). The offensive word "worms" is also not about them. The earthworms we see in the garden are terrestrial invertebrates. This is how it looks according to scientific classification: Kingdom - Animals; Type - Ringed worms; Class - Belt worms; Subclass - Small-bristled worms; Order - Haplotaxida; Suborder - Earthworms; Family - Lumbricidae.

Large worms 10-30 cm long without eyes belong to this family. The genera and species of this family differ in the shape of the head lobe (the so-called upper lip), in the position of the girdle, and in the number of rings.

In Russia, there are several dozen species from the genera Lumbricus, Dendrobaena, and Allolobophora.

Representatives of this family are the best helpers for increasing soil fertility, and in combination, they are a popular bait for fishing.

The accusations that the earthworm "bitten" the poor flower is completely unfounded. The earthworm lacks gnawing organs, unlike, for example, the wireworm. Therefore, healthy plant roots are too tough for him.

The earthworm feeds on semi-decomposed organic matter, including roots, but already rotten and softened. So in a pot, he could well "eat" the roots of a flower if they rotted. But with such roots the flower itself would have died without the "help" of the worm.

If he ate the rotten roots, it was more likely to be beneficial, since he eliminated most of the infected tissue. This can be compared to the amputation of a gangrene leg. Doctors sacrifice part of the body to prevent its death as a whole.

So, the worm does not eat healthy roots in a pot. What happened to the plant, which began to wither?

There may be several reasons for the disease. Most likely, the flower was simply flooded. Stagnant moisture in a pot is harmful to any plants. The topsoil may appear dry, but the bottom remains moist.

Moisture stagnation occurs when the plant is watered frequently and abundantly, when there are no drainage holes, or the holes are too small and clogged with soil. Sooner or later, this leads to root rot.

Also, the roots begin to rot from hypothermia of an earthen coma on the windowsill or from a high dose of fertilizers. Another reason is diseases, pathogens of which penetrate from the soil into the root system.

But in all these cases the owner of the flower is "to blame" because he did not fulfill the requirements of the plant or did not follow it attentively and missed the onset of the disease. It is clear that we do not like to blame ourselves. It is much more convenient to blame everything on an earthworm, especially when he was "at the crime scene."

CHECK OUT OR LEAVE THE RAINWORM?

In the flower pot, earthworms (as well as their eggs) get into the garden soil or compost, which is added to the soil mixture. In the store soil, these inhabitants usually do not exist, since the soil is steamed.

A sure sign that earthworms are in a pot with a houseplant are small black pellets on the surface of the earth. If in the soil the activity of earthworms is considered useful, then they have no place in a flower pot. This is due to the fact that in a pot the worms are forced to live in a small volume of soil. In search of food, they make many moves and actually "spin" in one place. Thus, they interfere with the growth of thin suction roots that feed the plant. It takes on a depressed look and develops slowly.

With all due respect to earthworms, it is better to remove them from the pot. They do not respond to a polite request to leave, they will have to be kicked out. To do this, use this method. The pot is placed in a container and water is poured to ground level. Soon the worms will run out of air, and they will crawl out to the surface. There they can be collected and transferred to a garden or city front garden. However, this method does not guarantee that no earthworm eggs remain in the ground.

Better to transplant the flower into new soil, while choosing uninvited guests. Earthworm eggs are also easy to choose. They are round, yellow or brown and quite large (2 to 4 mm). More precisely, these are cocoons, which contain from 2 to 20 eggs.

When transplanting a flower, sometimes many small red worms are found in a pot at once,

which bear little resemblance to useful helpers. They immediately try to destroy these "worms". But this is how a young earthworm looks like, which hatched from eggs (on the first day, the cubs are only 1 mm long). Together with the ground, they also need to be released into the beds.

In addition to removing worms, transplanting indoor flowers is also recommended because it allows you to carefully examine the plant for root rot.

Diseased roots can be easily distinguished by their color: black or dark brown. Sometimes the roots become translucent and soft to the touch.

The affected areas of the roots must be cut off with sharp scissors and sprinkled with crushed coal (or a tablet of activated carbon). After transplanting, water sparingly, and cover the aerial part with a jar or bag.

To treat the disease, you need to water the plant with some kind of fungicide, for example, phytosporin.

If the roots were healthy and you simply removed the earthworms, then the plant will soon recover.

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When I took the killed land many years ago for building a house in the city and for growing vegetables in the village, I did not meet a single earthworm in this land. All subsequent years, I regularly brought in, and now in the city in my soil I find four types of earthworms, and in a field that has not been plowed for many years and to which I bring 200 sacks annually, there are six types of earthworms.

When we dig with a pitchfork, the grandchildren are playing a game of who will find more potatoes and who will find more worms. Now they find up to 20 tubers in a hole and thirty earthworms of different colors.

Beginners should buy vermicompost

If a beginner asks me how to spend money in order to quickly get a crop on the killed land, I will say: "Buy a ready-made one from a reliable manufacturer and apply it to the soil, into the holes before planting plants."

• Only vermicompost quickly heals the soil, and manure on poor soils in the first years aggravates diseases.
• Only vermicompost will feed the plants correctly, and manure will increase the nutritional imbalance and cause the suppression of soil fungi.
• Only vermicompost and vermicofe will quickly increase soil fertility, form soil biodiversity and increase the percentage of soil humus, improve its structure, and various will simply temporarily spur plant growth.

Of course, all this can be done by their own production, but a beginner in the first year does not know how to make composts correctly. It is coded by advice from all sides: "... a rash of sawdust ...", "... mulch with straw ...", "... plant green manure ...", "... Meatlider is your faithful friend ...".

There are as many worms as rotting organic matter

An earthworm does not eat a living plant. It does not damage (as) a living root and (as) a living leaf. The leaf should fall and rot, and the root should grow old and rot. And when the mushrooms and bacteria have prepared it, the worm begins to eat. There are as many types of rotting organic matter as there are types of soil worms.

In Australia, worms weigh a kilogram, aquarists breed small enchitrey on a rotting roll, and small roots eat microscopic ones.

The difference between them is only in size and taste preferences, but the essence is the same: they begin to process bacteria and fungi that enter the soil and into the soil, then worms swallow it. Worms, like the stomach of a cow, create conditions for good work for microorganisms, because in the cavity of the worm, organic matter is crushed, turned over, saturated with oxygen, moisture, amino acids and sugars from the secretions of the worm, and therefore is processed a thousand times faster.

The worm is a miniature compost heap

We loosen the compost (give oxygen), moisten, monitor the composition, temperature, and give 1 part nitrogen for 25 parts of carbon. The same is true for the worm: it takes the sweetest leaf, drags it into the burrow, where it is warm and humid, chews, covers with mucus, sucks up the available substances for building its body (and these substances are given to it by symbiotic fungi and bacteria) and releases ballast in the form of coprolites.

We need this ballast from the worm - coprolites. Indeed, over the millions of years of evolution of worms and plants, the latter have learned to give worms litter in the form of root secretions and foliage, and those - to supply coprolites for plants, a storehouse of thousands of mineral and organic substances necessary for a plant in an accessible form.

What creepers and plowed worms eat

We see only large earthworms - creepers. Or in the manure - red dung worms. We all were fond of fishing in childhood and we think that these are the main worms. But for the soil there are no main and secondary ones, there are millions of forms of life and community.

• There are worms living in the litter of the forest, they do not build burrows;
• there are burrowing worms: at night he grabbed a leaf and carried it to the hole;
• there are plowed worms, they live deep in the black soil, they are not even afraid of the plow.

And what do such plowed worms eat? After all, there are no leaves in the depths. It's simple. Above, the cow gave manure, it is eaten by manure worms and coprolites are secreted. The grass has died, the foliage has fallen, it is eaten by bedding worms and coprolites. Deposits of coprolites not only of large worms, but also of small enkhitrei and nematodes - this is the black earth.

It is not profitable for a cow to assimilate all the substances from the grass, she has enough available sugars and proteins. Therefore, the remains of organic matter after the cow are eaten by dung beetles. Likewise, dung beetle coprolites eat plowed worms. They eat the soil, eat it, process it further, deeper, and excrete their coprolite. If the minerals in the humus of the soil are hard to reach for the roots, then after the work of the plowed fields, the plants get excellent fresh vermicompost. Humus disappears, and the harvest grows - the carbon cycle in nature does not stop.

How people are friends with worms

This is the wisdom of evolution: in the steppe regions, the layer of humus in the soil reaches two meters, and in deciduous forests, the layer of litter in the form of foliage and grass also breaks records in organic reserves. Each of these zones has its own worms, its own processors of organic matter.
A person can move this organic matter to a place convenient for himself in order to grow crops, and there it is processed by new eaters, new worms, if they are not disturbed or poisoned.

I have always been amazed at the fact that Terra Prett was created on the shores of the Amazon. On poor clay with constant tropical rainstorms, organic matter did not accumulate in the soil. But for years the Indians brought in the beds, waste from the table and the leaves of palm trees. And in this organic matter a giant worm appeared, which grinded coal, and fiber of palm trees, and nitrogenous organic matter of toilets, formed coprolites that were not washed away by rain. A self-healing soil community has formed. The percentage of stable humus in such soils is still breaking records.

My Californians have gone wild

When I started to apply manure under the advice of neighbors, there were no worms, and I bought California worms - 40 years ago they began to come into fashion. Of course, they did not take root in the beds, but they became wild and still live in an old barn, where sheep lived for a long time. It is worth leaning bags of manure near the barn in the spring, as by autumn they are teeming with red dung worms, and in the bag there is ready-made loose vermicompost.

It makes no difference to me if these are Californian hybrids or the local red earthworm. He got accustomed, works - and well done. Catches "mice". But I stopped applying manure for digging, and the soil with various organic matter from above.

If I take the bags out into the garden or put them in the thickets, creepers of different colors and sizes start up in them, but there are no dung worms. I carry these bags in the field, scatter them under potatoes and vegetables or in the garden under the trees, but I understand that not the worms that I want to propagate will take root in every soil, but those that themselves want to reproduce in new conditions and new food. I just give them the freedom to choose. And here i can add the worms I need to the compost heap:

• If i need high nitrogen compost, I add to the pile more, and food waste, sometimes compound feed, and pour out a bag of red dung worms.
• If i need high carbon organic for the garden, I add hay, straw, bedding from animals to the compost heap and pour out a bag with soil-bedding and burrowing worms. In both cases, compost is produced faster and of better quality.

Coprolite of worms - ideal compost

Compost with worms is betterthan compost processed in a pile without worms. The worms create lumps of soil aggregates. They are water-resistant, they consist of a frame of plant fibers, connected by a lime bridge and glued together with mucus. It is the ideal long-lasting fertilizer.

But if the worm is in place, closer to the roots of the plant, it processes organic matter, then the effect triples: fresh coprolites for the plant are better than those created in a heap. Microorganisms from the worm cavity and enzymes continue to work in them, active ones continue to form. They include not only organic fibers, but also crushed clay and silty particles. This is no longer compost, but black earth.

Worms loosen the soil

Worms make holes up to 1-2 meters. Not every root will make its own way to such a depth, but it walks through the tunnels calmly, because with rain, humus-rich soil is brought into these tunnels from the upper layers, and there are a lot of coprolites in them, and the air goes to great depths.

Coprolites of worms saturate the soil with humic acids, and these are the centers of soil-forming processes. It is in humates that there are active centers, minerals, cations and anions, rare, but very active trace elements, cling to them. So, humates, getting into the soil, turn into very active catalysts, which accelerate soil formation hundreds of times. That is why we see how plants watered with extracts from vermicompost come to life. And if fresh vermicompost is introduced into the soil, then it will work for a long time. Both microorganisms and enzymes will continue to process organic matter into humus, feed plant roots and improve soil structure.

Humus is soft and fibrous

Dung wormsrecycling food waste and nitrogenous grass, give soft humus... This food is very accessible for the roots; they consume it almost completely and leave little long-lasting humus.

AND soil-litter worms produce fibrous humus, its plants are consumed slowly, but it improves soil fertility in the long term.

But we must remember that if there is little organic matter in the soil, then the worms will not help, they themselves will feed on the remains of organic matter and will quickly die. It may be difficult, but without understanding these particular mechanisms, it is impossible to properly revive the killed soils.

Beneficial fungi and bacteria live in worms

The worm lives in heaps of decaying organic matter, it is itself organic, and thousands of putrefactive bacteria and fungi must rot and eat it. Who helps him survive? and. Half-mushrooms, half-bacteria live in its cavity - actinomycetes... Thanks to actinomycetes that produce antibiotic substances, earthworms do not get sick, and fresh coprolites or extracts from them treat soil from bacterial infections.

In the cavity of the worm live not only beneficial fungi that fight harmful bacteria, there are also beneficial bacteria - pseudomonasthat protect the worm and the soil by producing natural, suppressive putrefactive fungi. Fungi and bacteria fight each other, worms use this, and we must use this.

I am a doctor and use penicillin isolated from mold to treat streptococcal infection and nystatin isolated from streptomycetes. for the treatment of fungal infections.

Vermicompost stored for a long time, perfectly nourishes plants and structures the soil, but does not have antibiotic properties, therefore only worms working next to the plant are doctors for the roots.

There are thousands of types of microorganisms in the cavity of worms, nitrogen fixers play an important role. The worm, having isolated coprolites, has already saturated them with nitrogen salts, but then nitrogen fixers continue to work, take nitrogen from the air and turn it into salts available to plants.

The gardener can use this knowledge: use less, killing all living things, and use worms and their products to protect plants from.

How do you attract beneficial worms to your site?

Yes, just like a smart gardener attracts beneficial bacteria and beneficial mushrooms to the site.
He does not listen to the advice of the "guru" - they say, it is necessary to plant a rare mushroom such as veselka under the apple trees using "sawdust technology" - but simply every year he brings more leaves and dry grass to the garden, and the mushrooms will grow. Mushrooms do not grow where we planted them, but where they want to.
A smart gardener mulches his beds with manure, compost, wood chips, digs less and applies mineral water. He does not seek to buy and use more EM drugs. And the necessary bacteria will definitely form their ecosystem and enter into symbiosis with plant roots. There will be a stable supply of organic matter, and beneficial bacteria will protect the roots from rot.

So are the worms! There will be a stable mulching of the garden with organic matter (the more varied, the better), and surely after the fungi and bacteria new eaters of this organic matter will appear - worms of all types and sizes. They will fill all food niches, bring beneficial actinomycetes and pseudomonads in their intestines, and restore the fertility of your soil.

If your grandchildren begin to find a dozen earthworms in each potato hole, then you are a smart gardener.

Herring is one of the most popular types of fish, especially widespread in the CIS and Northern Europe. However, what if your appetite was ruined by small worms found inside a fresh, at first glance, carcass? Are they dangerous to humans and how not to buy a spoiled product? When choosing salted or fresh herring, you should always carefully examine it for the presence of worms: worms in a herring are easily detected by the external signs of sick fish. How to determine it and what to do if you nevertheless ate infected fish?

Are worms in herring dangerous for humans

Roundworms in herring

Tapeworms in herring

The presence of cestodes, tapeworms or tapeworms in herring is the cause of the development of helminthiasis. They provoke diseases such as diphyllobothriasis, ligulosis. The most common and dangerous subspecies is the broad tapeworm: it is found in marine and freshwater fish species and grows up to 10 meters, affects the intestines and adjacent organs. Solitaire in herring can be rare, only in certain geographical locations. The defeat of a person occurs when eating raw meat. With proper heat treatment, the larvae die and do not pose a threat.

• External manifestations: If the fish is abundantly infected, it may have tumors, small or large growths, black spots on the abdomen or all over the body. Vivid examples can be seen in the photo.
• Eyes: healthy fish have dense and protruding eyes, pupils are clear, white. In the patient, they are cloudy, dry, with an admixture of a yellow or brown tint.
• Gills: The color of the gills indicates the health of the fish. Dark, black, foul-smelling gills indicate the presence of worms in the fish.
• Pressing on the carcass may cause a depression.
• A swollen belly is a sign of bad herring.
• The presence on the viscera (eggs, milk, intestines) of adults: small transparent spirals, white tadpoles, thin long worms.
• Excessive softness is a bad sign. The meat should be dense, elastic, if the pulp is crumbling, it smells unpleasant - this indicates a spoiled product.

Is it possible to eat herring with worms

There are two reliable methods of destruction, after which the helminths in the herring will not pose a danger. This is freezing and hot cooking. At a temperature of 30 degrees and below, it takes three days for the meat to become harmless. Most refrigerators are designed for higher rates - this is 18 degrees below zero. Under such conditions, you need at least a week so as not to worry about your health.

In case of infection with worms, it is not recommended to try to remove them using folk methods: often this only harms the body, but does not help fight parasites. If you notice signs of acute poisoning, diarrhea and allergies, you should immediately consult a doctor. Prolonged helminthiasis is extremely dangerous for the patient's health, it can bring a lot of complications for the rest of his life. Disease prevention is also important - you need to monitor the quality of food, cleanliness in the kitchen and personal hygiene.

Are there worms in herring?

Types of worms

Herring can be an intermediate or final host for the following helminths:

You can see how the worms that can get caught in the herring look in the photo and video below.

Herring is not the only fish that can become a source of infection. Helminths live in pike, mackerel, crucian carp, bream and perch.

How do you know if there are worms in a herring?

Eggs or larvae of worms may go unnoticed while eating untreated herring. Finding worms while cutting fish is also very difficult, since they are not always visible.

To check the herring for the presence of helminths, you need to study:

• entrails (especially intestines);
• caviar;
• gills.

An unpleasant rotting smell may appear during butchering. It most often occurs when internal organs are removed from the herring. The scales of an infected individual are slippery and sticky, easily coming off when cleaning with a knife. When you press on the herring, a characteristic indentation can form, which will not pass for a long time.

Infected fish have a specific appearance:

• clouded eyes;
• mucus on the scales;
• swollen belly.

The easiest way to detect herring worms is to take into account the factor of their transparency. The worms coagulate into small spirals that can be found in the gills and on the eggs.

Worms can also be caught in milk, which is fish semen and seminal glands. Despite all the benefits of this product, it is strictly forbidden to use it raw and slightly salted.

Are worms in herring dangerous for humans?

Herring is most often only an intermediate host, with the help of which the larvae of the worms get inside the mammal. Already in a person, they begin to develop and increase in size, causing tremendous harm to the body.

In general, such herring is by no means eaten.

Can you eat raw herring?

The symptoms of helminthiasis are as follows:

• nausea and vomiting;
• weakness and apathy;
• headache, fever;
• drowsiness;
• an allergic reaction in the form of a skin rash (not always).

These signs directly indicate the development of the disease. Each person who has eaten the infected herring will have to undergo therapy. It is not recommended to make any attempts to remove the worms on your own. At the very least, the patient will not be able to diagnose himself and choose the right methods of treatment.

Each nation has its own culinary traditions, some refuse to eat foods that are considered common for most of us, and at the same time eat what we, in our wildest fantasies, would not call food. For example, what does a person raised in standard European culture think about whether it is okay to eat earthworms? But the Indians of South America gladly eat these creatures, which they call "pasture." Residents of some regions of Asia will not refuse such delicacies.

The benefits of earthworms

According to doctors, there is nothing surprising in this, because the body of earthworms is almost 100% protein. From this point of view, they are not only completely edible, but also very useful for humans.

For example, in the 90s, one of the US scientific institutes that dealt with the problems of baby nutrition conducted a very interesting study. It turned out that the protein of the worm is not only easily absorbed by the child's body, but does not cause allergic reactions at all. In addition, it is the most affordable product in terms of its production cost.

Many will be surprised, but about 60% of all baby food produced in the USA contains worm protein... And children who are not yet prejudiced eat such food with pleasure. So, when an adult cranks from the mere thought of eating a worm, then this is just the result of the stereotyped way of thinking, nothing more.

Even such recognized “masterpieces” of healthy food as protein concentrate of soybeans or fishmeal are inferior in protein content to powder made from specially processed earthworms. All this allows us to confidently give a positive answer to the question of whether it is possible to eat earthworms.

The main rule

The above does not mean at all that earthworms can be eaten without any preliminary preparation. Correct handling is critical in this matter. Some Boy Scouts believe that it is sufficient to simply rinse the collected worms, washing off all the mucus and dirt. But is it possible to eat earthworms after such treatment?

The fact is that the body of worms is filled with earth, the components of which serve them as food... Therefore, it is necessary to soak the worms for at least several hours before use. However, this method does not provide a complete guarantee of safety.

It will be much more effective to put the worms in a jar with a special filler substance.... The essence of this method is that the worms will begin to eat the filler, and it will naturally squeeze the earth out of their insides. A favorite delicacy of earthworms is finely ground acorns or water walnuts. You can also chop up the leaves of sorrel, dandelion, nettle, or shepherd's purse. Such a filler is completely harmless to humans, so you can safely use the worms processed in this way.

If we are talking about field conditions in which you do not have the opportunity to cook flour from acorns and finely chop wild-growing herbs, then you can use another very simple way to cleanse worms. To do this, they must be soaked in salt water until they become transparent. Then, they need to be thoroughly rinsed in running water and you can start cooking.

Cooking methods

The main question that people who first come across this topic ask: is it possible to eat earthworms raw, or is there a special method of preparing them. In principle, worms are good for food even raw, but it is still better to subject them to at least minimal cooking.

The most elementary way is to boil it. In order not to expose the protein to destruction and to preserve the beneficial properties of such food as much as possible, it is recommended to throw the worms into boiling water and cook no more than 5-7 minutes. This dish is simply called forest pasta. There is another method - soak the worms in a bowl of flour before cooking.

Also earthworms are suitable for baking... To do this, they are first thoroughly washed, then dried, wrapped in foil and buried in half-cooled coals.

These are the easiest ways available for anyone who wants to join previously unexplored culinary traditions. There are also more complex recipes. For example, in the countries of Southeast Asia, the menus of expensive restaurants include very sophisticated dishes in which earthworms are the main focus. The most favorite food in such establishments is cutlets, for which minced meat is prepared from coarsely chopped worms with the addition of butter, sour cream, eggs, lemon peel and white pepper. They say that it turns out just divinely delicious.

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