In what units the length is measured. Than measure the length, or meter and its older brothers. Why is it needed

In ancient times, length was measured by anything, anyhow, and by anyone, but the rapid development of international relations insistently demanded uniform units of measurement for all. And so, in the second half of the 18th century, scientists of the French Academy of Sciences developed a unit of length common for the whole world - Meter.

Meter identified as one forty millionth (1/40 million) part of the meridian that runs through Paris.
But only in 1872 the International Commission for the meter decided to take it as a standard. And less than three years later, in 1875, the metric system was legally recognized in 17 countries (including the Russian Empire) and gradually replaced local and national measurement systems.
A one meter long bar was made from an alloy of platinum (90%) and iridium (10%) - the so-called "Archive" meter, which was taken as a standard ("as it is").

Until 1960, the measure of length was checked against this bar. It is still kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in the city. Sevres (a suburb of Paris), but is no longer used for its intended purpose.
After all, you must admit that it is very inconvenient to constantly go to Paris to check with the reference meter ...

Therefore, for simplicity and convenience, it was decided to consider the length of the path that light travels in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 seconds as a meter. This value is the standard meters today!

And now, as promised above, let's go back and, without fanaticism, without trying to grasp the immensity, remember how our ancestors measured the length before the appearance of the meter?

Bamboo stick


In ancient China, the unit of length was bamboo stickthat emitted a sound of a certain pitch when whistling.
Bull horns


In Siberia in ancient times, a measure of length was used beech... This is the distance at which a person stops seeing the bull's horns.
Bull roar


This measure of land area was often used in ancient times and corresponded to the size of the plot, within which the roar of a bull could be clearly heard.
Suns

In ancient times, a man with the first rays of the sun walked towards the luminary until it fully rose above the horizon. The distance traveled during this time was called "Stage"... In different countries, the measure of length was different: in Babylon - 194 meters, in Egypt - 174.5 m, in Ancient Greece - 185 meters. In ancient Greece "Stages" marked the places for the competitions of athletes and runners. Hence the modern name "stadium".
Grains


English inch (now 2.54 cm) was originally defined as the length of three wheat grains taken from the middle of an ear.
Step

The oldest measure of length, equal to the average length of a person's stride, is 71 cm.

By the way, the word "Mile" comes from the Latin "thousand". The Romans called the distance equal to 1000 double steps of a legionnaire.
Foot

English length unit foot (from foot - foot) was defined as "the length of the royal foot." Modern footis equal to 30.48 cm.
Fingers

Old Russian "Vershok" (approximately 4.5 cm) originally equal to the length of the main phalanx of the index finger.

Span (from the Old Russian "fist" or "hand") meant the distance between the outstretched thumb and forefinger (about 18 cm).

There was also large span - the distance between the extended thumb and little finger (22-23 cm).
ARMS

English yard was equal to the distance from the tip of the king's nose to the tip of the thumb of the outstretched hand. With the change of monarchs, the measure of length changed, which caused great confusion. Therefore, in the 11th century, King Henry I ordered to make a standard from an elm 0.91 m long.

Elbow (the distance from the elbow joint to the elongated middle finger) served as a unit of measurement for many peoples. In Ancient Egypt, there was a so-called "royal cubit" (52.4 cm). In Russia, the elbow was equal to 45.5-47.5 cm.

Arshin (from Persian "Arsh" - elbow) - in the Old Russian system of measures meant the length of the entire outstretched arm from the shoulder to the tip of the middle finger. When selling goods, merchants used their "yardstick" (ruler) or quickly measured from the shoulder - as a rule, not in favor of the buyer. In order to exclude deception, during the time of Peter the Great, a “state arshin” (about 72 cm) was introduced, which was a wooden ruler with a state stamp.


Word "Sazhen" comes from Old Church Slavonic "Shrink" - get to something. There were swing fathom- the distance between the outstretched fingers of outstretched arms (176 cm), oblique fathom - the distance between the sole of the left leg and the end of the middle toe of the right arm extended upwards (248 cm). In the 18th century, they took "State fathom"equal to 3 arshins (216 cm).

S; g. 1. The length of what l .; distance between anyone than l. Measures of length. Measure the length and width. D. a line segment. D. path. D. shipping channel. Full length. Three meters long. 2. Duration, duration (about time). D. working day. ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

LENGTH, length, pl. no, wives. Extension of a line, plane, body in the direction in which two extreme points (lines, planes, bodies) lie at the greatest distance from one another. Items are measured in length, width and height. Table length. Measures… … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Female stretch along, valley; psk. dolitsa, dolzhina, hard., psk. length, perm. share; the direction of its greatest extension is usually taken as the length of a space, body or thing; length, width and height, or measure along and across and measure along ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

Noun, f., Uptr. cf. often Morphology: (no) what? length, what? length, (see) what? length than? length, about what? about the length; pl. what? length, (no) what? lengths, what? lengths, (see) what? length than? lengths, about what? about lengths 1. The length of the object is ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

1) The length of a line segment is the distance between its ends. 2) The length of a broken line is the sum of the lengths of its links. 3) The length of an arc of a curve is the limit of the length of a broken line inscribed in it, when the number of its links increases indefinitely, and the length of each link tends to zero ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Duration, extent, distance, duration, longitude; perimeter, footage, picket, length, apothem, length Dictionary of Russian synonyms. length 1. length, length 2. see duration ... Synonym dictionary

length - LENGTH1, s, w The length of an object, the distance between its two extreme points located on the same line or plane and located at the greatest (as opposed to width) distance from each other. Pavel increased the length of the trousers in ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

English. long is a message about the presence of securities at the dealer, made in stock jargon, where the number of shares is replaced by the term length. Dictionary of business terms. Academic.ru. 2001 ... Business Glossary

From * dlin, cf. other Russian d (b) for the length (for example, in the Hebrew abbot Dan. 18). From lasting; Wed ukr. last, Art. glory. prolong μηκύνειν, Czech. dlim, dliti. Akin to prasslav. * dьlgъ (see long); Wed Bernecker 1, 252 et seq .; Trautman, BSW 55; Mi. EW 55. ... ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer

LENGTH, s, pl. (special) lengths, lengths, lengths, women. The value, the length of which is n. in that direction, in to rum, the two extreme points of the line, plane, body lie, in contrast to the width, at the greatest distance from each other. Measure the table in length and in ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Books

• Length, area, volume, G. A. Merzon, I. V. Yashchenko. The sixth book of the series `School math circles` is devoted to various approaches to comparing and calculating areas and volumes and is intended for classes with schoolchildren in grades 6-11. Into it ...
• The length of the shadow from a rotted stump, Valentin Pikul. “… In ancient times, the banks of the Luga were completely furnished with villages, very densely populated by peasants and nobility, and the river itself was famous in ancient times for shipping, even stood on it…

Solving geometric problems, students are faced with the question: how to correctly designate certain parts of the drawing? For example, the height of the triangle, the width of the rectangle, the dimensions of the pool. We will find similar designations and in physics problems: the length of the pendulum, the height from which the body begins to fall ... Therefore, you should know some rules.

In contact with

How the various parameters are indicated

The unified measurement system uses the designation with Latin letters:

• length - letter l , if we are talking about one straight line: a pendulum, a lever, a segment, a straight line. But if we are talking about a geometric figure, for example, a rectangle, then A is used;
• height or depth - h ;
• width - B.

Pupils learn what the SI system is only in secondary school, therefore, usually in the lower grades, special designations for these values \u200b\u200bare not introduced.

How to define depth?

Why is the same letter used for height and depth? If you build a drawing of a parallelepiped, then here you will mark the height of the shape.

And if you draw up a drawing of a rectangular pool of the same size as the parallelepiped, then the depth is indicated. Thus, we can say that the height and depth in this case will be the same value.

Attention!Height and depth are two quantities that denote the same connecting two opposite planes.

The concept of "depth" is also found in geography. On maps, it is displayed in color. If we are talking about water spaces, then the darker the blue color, the greater the depth, and if we are talking about land, then the lowlands are indicated by dark green.

In drawing, this value is indicated by the letter S. It allows you to create a complete perception of the object, sometimes even with one view.

What goes long

What is length and how is this indicator indicated? She points point to point distance, that is, the size of the segment. In geometric problems, it is usually denoted as A. In stereometry, it can be denoted by both A and l (for example, in problems where a line intersecting a plane occurs).

In physics, the length of a pendulum, lever arm, etc. in "Given" is indicated by the letter l , since we are talking about a separate line.

Difference between length and height

Length is a quantity that characterizes the length of the line.

And the height is perpendicular lowered to the opposite plane.

That is, we can conclude that the length differs from the height in that it is part of the figure, coinciding with its face, and the height is obtained as a result of additional construction in the drawing.

The height is carried out in order to obtain new data for solving problems, as well as new figures in the original.

This is the width

The width of an object is necessary in order to understand the shape of both 2D and 3D objects. As a rule, it is denoted by the letter B.

The width is measured in meters (in SI). But if the object is too small, then for convenience, smaller units of measurement are used:

• decimeters,
• centimeters,
• millimeters,
• micrometers, etc.

And if the subject too big, then the following prefixes are written:

• Kilo- (10³),
• Mega- (10 6),
• Giga- (10 9),
• Tera- (10 12), etc.

Of course, such large units are necessary, for example, for astronomy. They are also used in quantum physics, microbiology, and so on.

What are the sides of a rectangle called?

Unlike a square, the sides of a rectangle are pairwise equal and.

This means that the sides forming are different.

Typically, the longer side of the rectangle is called the length, and the width of the rectangle is the shorter side.

Important!Knowing data such as the length and width of a rectangle, you can find its perimeter, area, length of diagonals and the angle between them. Around a rectangle can always be described. These properties work in the opposite direction.

How the dimensions of length, width and height are measured according to SI

According to a single measurement system, length, height and width are measured in meters. But sometimes, if it is a fractional or multi-digit number, multiple units are used for convenience in calculations.

In order to know how to correctly convert units of measurement into larger or, on the contrary, small, you need to know prefix values.

• Deck - 10 1,
• Hecto - 10 2,
• Kilo - 10 3,
• Mega - 10 6,
• Giga - 10 9,
• Deci - 10 -1,
• Santi - 10 -2,
• Milli - 10 -3,
• Micro - 10 -6,
• Nano - 10 -9.

After counting these units must be converted to meters.

There are also off-system units, but they are very rare:

• mile - 1.6 km;
• ft - 12 inches - 0.3048 m;
• yard - 36 inches - 91.44 mm;
• inch - 25.4 mm, etc.

When solving problems, such units should be converted to meters.

When performing geometric tasks, units of measurement are not given special attention, the main thing is that they were comparable

(if you are calculating in centimeters, then all values \u200b\u200bmust be converted to centimeters).

And when solving physical problems, the answer must be given in meters in accordance with a unified measurement system.

Geometry length, width, height symbols

We measure geometric parameters

Output

Now you know what letter the length is, how the width of the rectangle is measured, and you yourself can explain to anyone how the various parameters are indicated.

The size of the penis is a very important nuance for a man. Every guy has measured his organ at least once or is going to do it.

Getting accurate results is a simple task, you just need to follow the rules. But most men make mistakes and do not know how to measure the penis correctly, which often leads to an incorrect result.

In contact with

Average statistics by age

After 18 years, the man's penis is already formed and has reached its maximum value.

Statistics that were carried out to find out what is the average penis length for men:

Video about statistics and sizes of the male organ:

Why is it needed

This is mainly done for yourself, to calm the ego.

For the first time such a thought comes back in school years. The problem with penis length worries all schoolchildren in the world. And often young guys don't know how to measure it.

The main reason why you need to know the size of your phallus is to choose the right condom size. There are a number of models that will be large or small in relation to the penis. In order to avoid discomfort or unexpected outcomes, it is better to know in advance how to measure a member and to remember the size of your “comrade” by heart.

What conditions to observe

Men think that in order to measure a "friend", it is enough to wait for an erect state and apply a ruler to it. This approach will give the wrong result. There are a number of factors and favorable conditions for obtaining correct measurements.

• Measure your penis only at room temperature. If the room is cold, the phallus will decrease in size.
• Stress, excitement affect the size of the phallus. During the measurements, you should be calm and full of energy.
• Z amers produce only in a state of full excitementso that the erection is as high as possible.

It is best to measure in the morning on a weekend. During this period, the body is full of strength and the erection will be maximum.

How to measure penis length

Correct measurement of penis length occurs in several stages... The main thing is that all conditions are met.

1. Measurements are taken while standing, not sitting. In this state, the penis is not retracted and the entire trunk is visible.
2. The penis should be parallel to the ground. To do this, you can tilt it down.
3. Use a ruler or centimeter for measurements.
4. We apply one edge to the pubis, and the second to the extreme point of the head. The result will be the length of the penis.

Many people measure the penis from the testicles - this is wrong. Measurement should be started from the pubic area.

How to measure penis diameter

№4 - Pharmacology. There are a number of pills on the market whose purpose is to increase the size of the penis.

Useful video

Penis size video:

The quantity is something that can be measured. Concepts such as length, area, volume, mass, time, speed, etc. are called quantities. The quantity is measurement result, it is determined by a number expressed in certain units. The units in which the value is measured are called units of measurement.

To designate a value, write a number, and next to it is the name of the unit in which it was measured. For example, 5 cm, 10 kg, 12 km, 5 min. Each quantity has an infinite number of values, for example, the length can be equal to: 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, etc.

The same quantity can be expressed in different units, for example, kilogram, gram and ton are units of measure for weight. The same value in different units is expressed in different numbers. For example, 5 cm \u003d 50 mm (length), 1 h \u003d 60 min (time), 2 kg \u003d 2000 g (weight).

To measure any quantity means to find out how many times it contains another quantity of the same kind, taken as a unit of measurement.

For example, we want to know the exact length of a room. So we need to measure this length using another length that is well known to us, for example, using a meter. To do this, set aside a meter along the length of the room as many times as possible. If it fits exactly 7 times along the length of the room, then its length is 7 meters.

As a result of measuring the value, either named number, for example 12 meters, or several named numbers, for example 5 meters 7 centimeters, the combination of which is called composite named number.

Measures

In each state, the government has established certain units of measurement for various quantities. A precisely calculated unit of measurement taken as a sample is called benchmark or model unit... Model units of meter, kilogram, centimeter, etc. have been made, according to which units for everyday use are made. Units that have come into use and approved by the state are called measures.

The measures are called homogeneousif they serve to measure quantities of the same kind. So, gram and kilogram are homogeneous measures, since they serve to measure weight.

Units

Below are the units of measurement for various quantities that are often found in mathematical problems:

Weights / Mass Measures

• 1 ton \u003d 10 centners
• 1 centner \u003d 100 kilograms
• 1 kilogram \u003d 1000 grams
• 1 gram \u003d 1000 milligrams

• 1 kilometer \u003d 1000 meters
• 1 meter \u003d 10 decimeters
• 1 decimeter \u003d 10 centimeters
• 1 centimeter \u003d 10 millimeters

• 1 sq. kilometer \u003d 100 hectares
• 1 hectare \u003d 10,000 sq. meters
• 1 sq. meter \u003d 10000 sq. centimeters
• 1 sq. centimeter \u003d 100 sq. millimeters

• 1 cubic meter meter \u003d 1000 cubic meters decimetres
• 1 cubic meter decimeter \u003d 1000 cubic meters centimeters
• 1 cubic meter centimeter \u003d 1000 cubic meters millimeters

Let us also consider such a quantity as liter... A liter is used to measure the capacity of vessels. A liter is a volume that is equal to one cubic decimeter (1 liter \u003d 1 cubic decimeter).

Measures of time

• 1st century (century) \u003d 100 years
• 1 year \u003d 12 months
• 1 month \u003d 30 days
• 1 week \u003d 7 days
• 1 day \u003d 24 hours
• 1 hour \u003d 60 minutes
• 1 minute \u003d 60 seconds
• 1 second \u003d 1000 milliseconds

In addition, time units such as quarter and decade are used.

• quarter - 3 months
• decade - 10 days

The month is taken as 30 days if you do not need to specify the date and name of the month. January, March, May, July, August, October and December - 31 days. February in a simple year has 28 days, February in a leap year has 29 days. April, June, September, November - 30 days.

A year represents (approximately) the time during which the Earth makes a complete revolution around the Sun. It is customary to count every three consecutive years for 365 days, and the fourth following them - in 366 days. A year containing 366 days is called leap, and years containing 365 days - simple... One extra day is added to the fourth year for the following reason. The time of the Earth's revolution around the Sun contains not exactly 365 days, but 365 days and 6 hours (approximately). Thus, a simple year is shorter than the true year by 6 hours, and 4 simple years are shorter than 4 true years by 24 hours, that is, by one day. Therefore, one day is added to every fourth year (February 29).

You will learn about other types of quantities as you further study various sciences.

Abbreviated names of measures

Abbreviated names of measures are usually written without a dot:

Measuring instruments

Special measuring devices are used to measure various quantities. Some of them are very simple and are designed for simple measurements. Such devices include a measuring ruler, tape measure, measuring cylinder, etc. Other measuring devices are more complex. Such devices include stopwatches, thermometers, electronic scales, etc.

Gauges usually have a measuring scale (or scale for short). This means that there are dashed divisions on the device, and the corresponding value of the quantity is written next to each line division. The distance between the two strokes, near which the value of the quantity is written, can be further divided into several more small divisions, these divisions are most often not indicated by numbers.

It is not difficult to determine what value of the quantity each smallest division corresponds to. So, for example, the figure below shows a measuring ruler:

The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. denote the distances between the strokes, which are divided into 10 equal divisions. Therefore, each division (distance between the nearest strokes) corresponds to 1 mm. This quantity is called scale division measuring instrument.

Before you start measuring the value, you should determine the value of the scale division of the device used.

In order to determine the division price, you must:

1. Find the two nearest scale bars, near which the values \u200b\u200bof the quantity are written.
2. Subtract the smaller from the larger value and divide the resulting number by the number of divisions between them.

As an example, let us determine the scale division value of the thermometer shown in the figure on the left.

Let's take two lines, near which the numerical values \u200b\u200bof the measured value (temperature) are plotted.

For example, the lines with the designations 20 ° C and 30 ° C. The distance between these strokes is divided into 10 divisions. Thus, the price of each division will be equal to:

(30 ° C - 20 ° C): 10 \u003d 1 ° C

Therefore, the thermometer reads 47 ° C.

Each of us constantly has to measure various quantities in everyday life. For example, in order to arrive on time to school or work, you have to measure the time that will be spent on the road. Meteorologists measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, etc. to predict the weather.