What parts do sentences with a straight line consist of? Direct speech sentences. Direct Speech Sentence Schemes

Direct speech sentences

Direct speech sentences consist of the words of the author and direct speech:

"I will go to the Volga the day after tomorrow," Sasha said. (A. Chekhon)

In this sentence, the words of the author - said Sasha; direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks. Author's words (words introducing direct speech) part include verbs said, thought, asked, wrote, read, whispered, exclaimed, etc.

1) M. Gorky wrote: “A good book is just a holiday.
2) "I owe everything good in me to books" - said M. Gorky.
3) "What books do you like?" - asked Vera Vasilievna.
4) “This is an amazing thing - a book! This is truly a marvelous wonder! " - wrote Lev Kassil.

Direct Speech Sentence Schemes

1) A: "P".
2) "P", -a.
3) "P?" - and.
4) "P!" - and.

In writing, direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.

If a words of the author stand in front of direct speech, then a colon is placed after them, direct speech is written with a capital letter.

Direct speech. rules

From the examples given in this lesson, you have already figured out for yourself what sentences with direct speech can be and have disassembled the scheme of sentences with direct speech, but now let's try to formulate a definition and find out what is called direct speech.

Direct speech refers to words belonging to someone, but which are transmitted unchanged.

In another way, we can also say that direct speech is such a structure in which the words of the person to whom these words or speech belong are transmitted literally.

Let's give an example:

1. My mother called me: “Sasha, go home!”;
2. "What time is it?" - asked Sasha;
3. "Half past twelve" - \u200b\u200bmy mother answered.
4. "Can I take a little more walk?" - asked Sasha.
5. Mom said: "First you need to have lunch and sit down for lessons."

Each sentence in which direct speech is present consists of such two parts as the words of the author and direct speech. These parts of the sentence are related in meaning and intonation.

You can also say that direct speech is someone else's speech, although it is transmitted literally on behalf of the person to whom it belongs.

If we talk about the order of constructing a sentence with direct speech, then this does not matter, since the words of the author can be after direct speech or stand in front of it.

Let's give an example:

"Can you tell me where the pharmacy is?" the stranger asked.
I said, "Walk one block and there will be a pharmacy."
"Thank you so much!" - thanked the stranger.

We can see that in the first sentence the author's words are after direct speech, but in the second sentence - before direct speech.

Now let's look at the picture and recall the basic schemes that occur in sentences with direct speech:

An exercise.

1. Make sentences in which the words of the author will appear at the end of the sentence.

2. Come up with a short story in which the direct speech and words of the author can be, both at the beginning of the sentence, and at the end.

3. Read the sentences below. Try to remake them so that the words of the author come first, and they are followed by direct speech:

Punctuation marks

When writing a sentence with direct speech, you should remember that direct speech is always written in quotation marks, and the first word of direct speech must be written with a capital letter.

For example: Nikita asked: "Have you already done your homework?"

A: "P". A: "P?" A: "P!"

If the direct speech is written before the words of the author, then after the direct speech, we must put a dash before the words of the author. But it should be noted that in this case the words of the author should be written with a small letter.

Also, you should remember that at the end of a direct speech, before the words of the author, depending on the sentence, you must put a comma, exclamation or question mark:

"P" - a. "P?" - and. "P!" - and.

Homework

1.Using the diagrams below, come up with your suggestions and write them down in a notebook.
2. Choose sentences with direct speech from well-known fairy tales and make diagrams for these sentences.
3. What are the punctuation marks in these sentences? Try to explain why these characters are used in the sentence.
4. Read the sentences carefully and rewrite them so that they contain direct speech.

Our topic today is sentences with direct speech. Examples of such sentences are found everywhere: in fiction, magazines, newspapers, publicistic materials. Already from the very name "direct speech" it becomes clear that in this case the author of the text conveys the words of a person exactly as they were pronounced.

What is the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?

With direct speech, any utterance retains its features - syntactic, lexical and stylistic. It is connected with the words of the author only by intonation and meaning, while remaining an independent construction.

If we are talking about sentences with indirect speech, then the author conveys someone else's speech without its syntactic, stylistic and lexical features, keeping only the content of the statement unchanged. Moreover, depending on the goals of the author and the context, the statement can be changed.

Let us consider in more detail sentences with direct speech. Examples of such constructions might look like this:

• Ivan said: "Let's quickly clean up the classroom and go to the park!"
• “It's warm outside today,” said Anna. "It seems that spring has finally come into its own."
• "Would you like to have some tea?" Daniel asked the guests.

Now let's try to reformulate these same sentences in such a way that instead of direct speech, they use indirect speech:

• Ivan suggested that we quickly finish cleaning the classroom and go to the park.
• Anna noted that it became unusually warm outside and spring finally came into its own.
• Daniel asked the guests if they would like to have tea.

Basics of Spelling Sentences with Direct Speech

Punctuation in the transmission of direct speech directly depends on how the statement is located in the sentence relative to the words of the author.

Direct speech at the beginning of a sentence

The whole statement in this case is highlighted with quotation marks (""). Depending on the type of exclamation or interrogative), the further transition to the words of the author may be different:

• for declarative sentences: "DIRECT SPEECH" - the words of the author;
• for exclamation (prompting) sentences: "DIRECT SPEECH!" - words of the author;
• for interrogative sentences: "DIRECT SPEECH?" - the words of the author.

Note! In declarative sentences, there is NO period at the end of a quote. But an exclamation point or must be put. In addition, a comma is placed after the quotation marks in declarative sentences, but not in other cases.

Here are some examples:

• “There will be many mushrooms in the forest today,” said my grandfather.
• "Do you think there will be many mushrooms in the forest today?" the boy asked.
• "There are so many mushrooms in the forest today!" - Zhenya exclaimed.

Direct speech at the end of the sentence

In another case, direct speech can be located after the author's words. Everything is much simpler here: right after the words of the author, a colon is placed, and the whole quote is again enclosed in quotes.

Consider similar sentences with direct speech. Examples might look like this:

• Anya said: "I have read an interesting book."
• The librarian asked, "Have you finished reading the book you borrowed a week ago?"
• Dima exclaimed: "I have never read a more interesting story in my life!"

Note! In a declarative sentence, quotes are closed first, and only then a period is put. But if you need to put or exclamation point, it must be located exclusively inside the quotes.

Direct speech between the words of the author

If a quote from someone's statement is between two fragments of the author's words, the above rules seem to be combined.

Unclear? Then let's try with direct speech of this type:

• He said, “It looks like it’s going to rain today,” and put an umbrella in his bag.
• Igor asked: "How are you?" - and handed a bouquet of wildflowers to a classmate.
• Katya shouted: “Faster! All come here!" - and began to wave her arms strongly to attract attention.

You already know these rules, and therefore, with such proposals, problems should not arise at all - just be careful!

Direct speech interrupted by the author's text

But this is a rather interesting type of proposals.

As always, direct speech begins with quotation marks. A comma and a dash are placed in front of the author's words, and after a period, a dash and the continuation of the quote. Wherein direct speech continues with a capital letter! At the end of a sentence, quotes are closed.

Let's see in practice such sentences with direct speech. Examples that can be given in this case:

• “Let's buy a bouquet of flowers,” Lena suggested. - We'll give it to Mom.
• “My grandmother loves this set very much,” said Roman. "His grandfather gave it to me."

Note! If, due to a break in direct speech, the first part loses its semantic completeness and there is a feeling of understatement, then after the words of the author, you need to put a comma, and the continuation of direct speech must begin lower case.

• “It’s not bad,” said Igor, “it would be to walk along the embankment in the evening”.
• “It seems,” the girl said, “rain was promised today.”

Simply put, if a sentence can be split into two, and the reader will still understand everything, a full stop is needed. And if one of the fragments of direct speech separately does not carry any meaning, it makes sense to put a comma and continue the thought with a small letter.

Parsing sentences with direct speech

With direct speech, it is practically no different from ordinary speech.However, you will need, among other things, to name the author and direct speech, disassemble them (as two separate sentences), explain the placement of punctuation marks, and also draw a diagram.

This is how in practice with direct speech they turn out to be completely simple and understandable. The main thing is to analyze each example and try to compose your options according to the sample.

Pushkin as a "future giant".

B. Father asked in surprise did you do it?

V. Gogol marveled at the "jewels of the Russian language".

G. Will work said the old man approvingly.

D. Savelich tugged at my hand saying come out, sir, come.

E. He asked me what we were doing

G. In the sea, he said at home.

2. Replacing sentences with direct speech from task 1 to sentences with bone speech

prefix, root, two suffixes and an ending?

A) Urals; B) belated;

B) shy; D) neglect

3. Which of the following words means “very important for the moment”?

A) Principled; B) influential;

C) relevant; D) grandiose.

4. In which word the stress falls on the first syllable?

A) The borrower; B) start; C) finished; D) leisure.

5. What sentence has a gerunds?

A) Suddenly a herd rushed past me, chased by the boys.

B) Thanks to my resourceful friend, I managed to defend my honor.

C) The one who lives real life, who is accustomed to poetry from childhood, is holy

believes in the life-giving Russian language full of reason.

D) At such moments you are immensely happy when you see a piece of blue sky.

6. In which line is the letter missing in all cases and?

A) Following, bl_stet, adored, behind the blue forest;

B) big, locked up, stunned, in front of a frozen lake;

C) to think, gherkin, he breathes, over the visible forest;

D) to be able, to be able to, apparently, to visit the orange.

7. In which line in all words should you write b?

A) Cut, backhand, five_ hundred, in a wolf_pack;

B) protect_, lamplighter, luxury_, nine_ hundred;

C) do not re-enumerate, hut_, eighteen, rabbit cabbage;

D) eat_, mince_, jump_, seven_teen, swans_ and feathers.

8. In which word after the hissing letter is missing about?

A) Sh_pot; B) zh_lud; C) h_punch; D) good.

9. Which word is missing two letters nn?

A) cucumbers are collected; B) hot meat;

C) kva __ cabbage; D) frozen fish.

10. In what phrase is the type of connection adjoining?

B) goes on the road;

C) return from school;

D) note paper.

11. In which sentence should you put a dash?

A) The Volga is the largest river in Europe.

B) Snow is like sugar.

C) Different trees of pear plum apple trees grow in the garden.

D) But the hour has come and you left home.

12. In which sentence are the punctuation marks placed correctly?

A) Neither laughter nor your cheerful talk drove away dark thoughts.

B) The bears continued to walk in single file, without adding a step, and without changing

direction of your path.

C) Sometimes a pole, or a log, floats by as a dead snake.

D) The stars began to fade and the sky began to be covered with clouds.

13. In which answer option are all numbers correctly indicated, in place of which in sentences must be commas?

We (1) in his opinion (2) got lost (3) and he (4), to the great chagrin (5), was completely confused and did not know what to do.

A) 1, 3 B) 2, 3, 4 C) 4.5 D) 1,2,3,4,5.

14. In which sentence should you put only one comma?

A) Already crawled high into the mountains and lay there in a damp gorge curled up into a knot and

looking out to sea.

B) Wisps of smoke curled in the night air full of moisture and freshness of the sea.

C) The sun hiding behind a narrow gray cloud gilded its edges.

D) He fled headlong down the stairs and jumped out into the street.

15. In which of the sentences with direct speech was there a mistake in the placement of punctuation marks?

A) "How to dignify you?" the landowner asked.

B) “Really, stay, Pavel Ivanovich! - said Manilov when they

went out onto the porch. - Look at the clouds.

C) "Well, good, good!" - Aigul laughed: "The agreement is more expensive than money."

D) "Yes," said Ayvaz, "I can start working right now."

Text

(1) I noticed one sad circumstance long ago: the current impoverishment of nature did not at all increase the responsibility in people for the world entrusted to them, did not make them kinder, more caring for their smaller brothers and for a green life. (2) No one is embarrassed that chamomiles are among the protected, that is, endangered plants. (3) This is our Russian chamomile, which until recently covered meadows and meadows with a white and gold carpet! (4) But, once in nature, people still collect them in bouquets, weave chamomile wreaths, and in the spring they pick lilies of the valley and night violets, and in fact with them the situation is even worse than with chamomiles. (5) And at least someone would think: what will remain for our children, not to mention grandchildren? (6) Fields without chamomiles, forests without fragrant lilies of the valley - empty, devoid of any beauty and aroma, naked world.

(7) No, it seems that everyone is preoccupied with one thing: to snatch more today, while some flowers are still blooming, something is flying in the sky, something is floating in the water. (8) Blind poaching greed owns souls.

(Yu.Nagibin)

16. Identify the part of speech of a word to bein sentence 2.

17. Write out the comparative adverb from the text.

18. From sentences 4-8, write out the introductory word.

19. From the 4th sentence, write out the word formed by the prefix-suffix method.

20. Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author. Formulate the position of the author. Write whether you agree or disagree with the author's point of view. Explain why. Argument your answer.

suffixes and endings? A) Urals; B) belated; B) shy; D) neglect 3. Which of the following words means "very important for the present moment"? A) Principled; B) influential; C) relevant; D) grandiose. 4. In which word the stress falls on the first syllable? A) The borrower; B) start; C) finished; D) leisure. 5. What sentence has a gerunds? A) Suddenly a herd rushed past me, chased by the boys. B) Thanks to my resourceful friend, I managed to defend my honor. C) The one who lives a real life, who is accustomed to poetry from childhood, religiously believes in the life-giving Russian language full of reason. D) At such moments, you are immensely happy to see a piece of blue sky. 6. In which line is the letter and missing in all cases? A) Following, bl_stet, adored, behind the blue forest; B) big, locked up, stunned, in front of a frozen lake C) think, gurgle, he breathes, over the visible forest; D) to be able, to be able to, apparently, to visit the oranger. 7. In which line in all words should you write b? A) Cut, backhand, five_ hundred, in a wolf_pack; B) cherish_, lamplighter, luxury_, nine_ hundred; C) do not re-enumerate, hut_, eighteen, hare cabbage; D) eat_, mince_, jump_, seven_teen, swans_and feathers. 8. In which word after the hissing is the letter o missing? A) Sh_pot; B) zh_lud; C) h_punch; D) good. 9. Which word is missing two letters НН? A) cucumbers are collected; B) hot meat; B) kva __ cabbage; D) frozen fish. 10. In what phrase is the type of connection adjoining? A) goes further; B) goes on the road; C) return from school; D) note paper. 11. In which sentence should you put a dash? A) The Volga is the largest river in Europe. B) Snow is like sugar. C) Different trees of pear plum apple trees grow in the garden. D) But the hour has come and you left home. 12. In which sentence are the punctuation marks placed correctly? A) Neither your laughter nor your cheerful talk drove away dark thoughts. B) The bears continued to walk in single file, without adding a step, and without changing the direction of their path. C) Sometimes a pole, or a log, floats by as a dead snake. D) The stars began to fade and the sky began to be covered with clouds. 13. In which answer option are all numbers correctly indicated, in place of which in sentences must be commas? We (1) in his opinion (2) got lost (3) and he (4), much to his chagrin (5), was completely confused and did not know what to do. A) 1, 3 B) 2, 3, 4 C) 4.5 D) 1,2,3,4,5. 14. In which sentence should you put only one comma? A) Already crawled high into the mountains and lay down there in a damp gorge curled up in a bundle and looking into the sea. B) Wisps of smoke curled in the night air full of moisture and freshness of the sea. C) The sun hiding behind a narrow gray cloud gilded its edges. D) He fled headlong down the stairs and jumped out into the street. 15. In which of the sentences with direct speech was there a mistake in the placement of punctuation marks? A) "How to dignify you?" the landowner asked. B) “Really, stay, Pavel Ivanovich! - said Manilov when they went out onto the porch. - Look at the clouds. C) "Well, good, good!" - Aigul laughed: "The agreement is more expensive than money." D) "Yes," said Ayvaz, "I can start working right now."

What is direct speech and what is it for?

In this lesson, you will learn what direct speech is and what it is for, what parts it consists of.

Sometimes it is necessary to convey in writing the words of another person on his behalf exactly, literally. In such cases, we use direct speech sentences.

Direct speech is words transmitted on behalf of the speaker.

“Well, Hare! Wait for it!" - shouted the Wolf.

This sentence consists of two parts: the actual direct speech, which includes the words: “Well, Hare! Wait for it!" and the words of the author, which show who owns the direct speech: the Wolf cried.

In order not to confuse complex sentences and sentences with direct speech, it is customary to highlight direct speech in writing with quotes.

“What, Ivanushka, is not cheerful? What did you hang the little head with? " - the skate says to him, at his legs twirling.

The first word in quotation marks is written with a capital letter, regardless of whether the direct speech is before or after the words of the author. If the words of the author come after direct speech, as in this sentence, then they are separated by a dash and written with a small letter.

4. A: "P ..."

So far, in writing, we will display schemes with direct speech as follows: we will designate direct speech itself with a capital letter P, the author's speech - with a capital or lower case letter A, and - depending on the case.

1. The boy nodded and said, "I will participate."

Before us is a declarative sentence. Direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks and only then we end the sentence with a dot.

2. Tanya looked at Olya and asked: "What do you think now?"

Direct speech became an interrogative sentence. We put a question mark at the end of direct speech, then we close the quotes.

3. Vanya shouted: "Let's run!"

This prompting sentence ends with an exclamation mark inside quotation marks.

4. Shipmen in response: "We have traveled all over the world ..."

The ellipsis ending direct speech is located inside the quotes.

1. "P!" - and.

2. "P?" - and.

Let's see some examples:

1. "I hate toothpowder!" - grumbled Dunno.

2. "Why did we fly down?" - the kids got worried.

In the case when direct speech comes before the words of the author, the period is never put, its place is taken by a comma, which is located after the quotes.

For instance:

“I won't be like that anymore,” Vanya apologized.

Summing up the lesson, we note that direct speech is used to accurately convey the words of the speaker. Direct speech can be not only quoting of spoken words, but also quoting of written words. In literary works, with the help of direct speech, the thoughts of the hero are sometimes conveyed, which he does not pronounce aloud.

List of used literature:

1. Arutyunova ND Syntax // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. V.N. Yartseva. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990.
2. Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. - M .: BALASS, 2012.
3. M.T. Baranov, T.A. Kostyaeva, A.V. Prudnikov. - M .: Education, 1989.
4. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. - M .: LLC "ITI Technologies", 2003.
5. Russian language. Textbook for the 4th grade in 2 parts / Buneev R.N.
6. Russian language: To the secrets of our language: Textbook for grade 4 general education. institutions. In 2 parts / M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko. - Smolensk: "Association XXI century", 2012.
7. Russian language: Reference materials: Textbook for students.
8. Russian lessons in grade 5: Teacher's book: From work experience. - M .: Education, 1991.
9. Khalikova N.V., Ledeneva V.V. Control and verification work in the Russian language. - M .: Bustard, 2001.
10. Nikolay Nosov. The Adventures of Dunno and His Friends http://lib.ru/NOSOW/nezn1.txt
11. N. D. Kucherenko. Russian language tests. - M .: Liszt, 1998.