Systematic unit of the canine rose bush. Community of green men. Rose care

1. Systematic position (family, genus)……………………………4
2. Geographical distribution and habitat………………………..5
3. Macroscopic structure of vegetative organs………………………......6

1. Stem…………………………………………………………………………………...6

2. Leaf. …………………………….…………………………………………………….6

3. Root………………………………………………………………………………....6
4. The structure of the reproductive organs. …………………………………………………………....6

1. Flower……………………………………………………………………………….....6

2. Fruit…………………………………………………………………….….…..7
5. Human use..…………………………………….…………..…8

1. Resources………………....……………………………………………………………..…….8

2. Chemical composition..…………………………………………………….....8

3. Use for various diseases..……………………..……8
1.6 List of references…………………………………….……10

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1.1 Systematic position.
Species: Rosa canina L. (dog rose).
Genus: Rosa (rose).
Family: Rosaceae (pink).
Order: Rosales.
Subclass: Rosidae (rosids).
Class: Magnoliopsida (dicots).
Division: Magnoliophyta (angiosperms).
Kingdom: Plantae (plants).

Brief characteristics of the family Rosaceae.

Life forms are trees, shrubs and grasses. The flowers are mostly in various inflorescences, bisexual, less often unisexual, sometimes polygamous, usually regular, five-membered with a pronounced floral tube - hypanthium.
The gynoecium is apocarpous, less often syncarpous, fused with the hypanthium, forming the inferior and semiinferior ovary. Inflorescences are cymoid or bothric. Fruits: apocarpous
(multifoliate, multidrupe, multinut), in plums - monocarp
(drupe), in apple trees - coenocarp (apple).

Brief characteristics of the genus Rosa (about 300 species).

Deciduous or evergreen shrubs, sometimes climbing, usually with spiny stems. Leaves with stipules attached to the cuttings, alternate, mostly unpaired. The flowers are solitary or in corymbose inflorescences, with a pitcher-shaped or tubular hypanthium, which becomes fleshy or woody and contains numerous nutty fruits.
They are pollinated by insects, and the fruits are distributed by birds and other animals.
Interspecific hybridization and apomix are characteristic.

1.2 Geographical distribution and habitat.

Family Roasceae.

They are distributed throughout the globe, but the greatest species diversity is noted for the countries of the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere.

Genus Rosa.
Area. Dog rose has a Western Palaearctic type of habitat. In the CIS, rose hips are found in the middle zone and southern regions of the European part of the country, in the Crimea, the Caucasus and in some areas of the Middle East.
Asia and Kazakhstan.
The northern border of the range goes along the Kaliningrad-Nevel-Yaroslavl-Nizhny line
Novgorod. The eastern border runs along the right bank of the Volga to Volgograd, from where it goes west to the Sea of ​​Azov and Krasnodar, then turns east, goes around the foothills of the Caucasus Range from the north and goes to
Caspian Sea.
In the south and west, the distribution border of rose hips extends beyond the state border of the Russian Federation.
For Central Asia, some authors consider dog rose an alien plant. However, most researchers consider it a wild species, the distribution of which is associated with relict broad-leaved forests. In Central Asia, dog rose is found in the Trans-Ili Alatau,
Western Tien Shan, Pamir-Altai, Kopetdag and southern Tajikistan.
Ecology. Dog rose grows in sparse forests, on the edges, clearings, treeless shrub and grassy slopes, along the banks of streams and rivers, roadsides and wastelands. In Central Asia it grows in walnut forests or poplar tugai at an altitude of 1000 to 2200 m above sea level. It is less common in tugai forests of oriental elk, occupying the terraces of mountain rivers. Together with various willows, it forms dense thickets near springs and streams.

1.3 Structure of vegetative organs.

1.3.1Stem.

A shrub 1.5-3 m high with arched, curved, less often almost straight branches and with green or red-brown bark, usually without a bluish bloom. The thorns are strong, sickle-shaped, sparse or scattered on the main stems, sometimes almost straight, abundant on flowering branches, often located in pairs or whorled on the main shoots, very wide at the base, laterally compressed.

1.3.2 Leaves.

The leaves are compound, imparipinnate, with five to seven pairs of oblong-elliptical or ovate, serrated leaflets with two stipules along the edge. Leaves are 7-9 cm long, green or bluish, glabrous, sometimes with sparse short hairs along the main shaft. There are 7 leaflets (rarely 5 or 9), on both sides they are bare and smooth, usually elliptical with a short pointed apex, sometimes sharply serrated, 2-2.5 cm long, wide
1-1.5 cm. Stipules are predominantly narrow, glandular-ciliated along the edge, with sharp ears.

1.3.3 Root.

The root system is the main root system, taproot. The root has a secondary structure.

1.4 Structure of generative organs.

1.4.1 Flowers.

Rose hips begin to bear fruit at the age of 3. Flowers 3-5 in corymbs, less often solitary. Pedicels are 0.5-2.5 cm long, mostly equal in size to the length of the mature fruit, less often shorter or longer, glabrous or slightly pubescent. The petals are usually pale pink, white or hot pink.
Disc 4 - 5 mm in diameter, flat or cone-shaped, with a pharynx 1 -1.6 mm in diameter. The sepals are broadly lanceolate, large, up to 25 mm long, falling off early, after flowering, facing down and pressed to the fruit; usually bare above, dotted with short hairs below, with abundant feathery appendages.
The styles are long, sparsely hairy or glabrous, tasseled. The stigma head is spherical or conical. Blooms in May-July. Flower formula:
*Ca5Co5A Q G Q

Fig.2 Section of a flower. Fig.3
Receptacle

The ripe hypanthium (fruit) is large, 15-26 mm long, broadly oval, less often almost spherical, sometimes elongated oval, smooth, bright or light red. The hypanthium is formed due to the growth of the receptacle. The inner walls of the receptacle are dotted with numerous bristly hairs. Among them are numerous hard, rocky fruits - nuts. The fruits ripen in August-October. The weight of one fruit ranges from 1.7 to 3.22 g, its pulp is about 71%, and seeds and hairs are 29%. The average number of seeds in one fruit is 16.
Fig.4 Fruit. Fig.5 Section of the fetus.

1.5 Economic use.

1.5.1 Resources. Dog rose hips are conventionally classified as southern low-vitamin species due to their low content of ascorbic acid.
The yield of its wild thickets ranges from 0.1 to 1.6 t/ha and depends on many factors, mainly on the characteristics of the habitat, weather conditions of the year and the age of the thickets. The collection of rose hips usually begins at the end of August and continues until the onset of frost. Rose hips are dried in dryers, dried quickly, at a temperature of 80-90 degrees.
1.5.2 Chemical composition. The content of biologically active dog rose varies in different harvesting areas. In fruits collected at
Northern Caucasus, the content of soluble substances is 24.57%, insoluble substances - 8.09%, free acids - 1.31%, tanning and coloring pectin - 2.74%, pentosans - 2.18%. A lot of oil was found in the seeds .
The content of ascorbic acid in rose hips varies: in
Carpathian region - from 500 to 1077 mg, in Tajikistan - from 0.69 to 1.28%, in northern
Azerbaijan - from 1056 to 1352 mg for absolutely dry fruit weight. According to other data, the acid content in dog rose hips ranges from 0.1 to
2% on the dry weight of the fruit pulp. In high mountain areas, the acid content in rose hips is always higher than in lowland areas.
The carotene content in dog rose hips in Tajikistan is from 0.01 to
0.07% in terms of dry weight of fruits, in northern Azerbaijan - from 18.5 to
31.6 mg on a dry weight basis. The content of essential oil in Azerbaijan dog rose flowers is 0.07%.
Isoquercitrin, a 3-glucoside of kaempferol and quercetin, was isolated from the fruits and other parts of dog rose.
The coloring substances in fruits are carotene, lycopene, and xanthophyll.
1.5.3 Application. Rosehip fruit – Fructus Rosae – is used as a medicinal raw material. The fruits are harvested in August - October before frost, when they acquire a bright red or orange color.
Rose hips contain ascorbic acid (2.5-5.2%), carotenoids, vitamins B2, K, P, E, flavonoids, fatty oil, sugars, pectins, organic acids.
Used in the form of infusion, extract, syrups; are included in vitamin and multivitamin preparations and Traskova’s mixture. The drugs are used as a multivitamin for hypo- and avitaminosis and for diseases accompanied by an increased need for vitamins. Rosehip oil, rich in vitamin E and carotenoids, and carotolin, used as wound-healing agents, are also obtained from the fruits.
Infusions, syrups and tea made from rose hips have a beneficial effect on the body, increasing its resistance to diseases and various harmful influences of the external environment. Very useful for atherosclerosis, exhaustion of the body, anemia. They are used in surgery, for infectious diseases, uterine and other internal bleeding. Infusions of rose hips are used for gastritis, especially with low acidity of gastric juice, kidney and urinary tract diseases, and gastric and duodenal ulcers. Decoctions are drunk for colds. An aqueous infusion of the leaves is beneficial for certain gastrointestinal disorders. A syrup with honey is prepared from the leaves, which is used for inflammatory diseases and ulcers in the oral cavity; they are applied to the skin for eczema. For kidney and bladder stones, decoctions of the roots are taken; they, as well as infusions of the roots in vodka, are used as an astringent for gastrointestinal diseases. A decoction of flowers is used for eye diseases.
Dog rose hips are used to produce the drug "Holosas"
(condensed aqueous extract with syrup). "Holosas" is used as a choleretic agent for liver diseases - cholecystitis and hepatitis.
Dog rose is the best rootstock for garden plants, as well as for creating hedges.

1.6 List of used literature.

1. Abramov I.V., Abramov I.I., Agafonov N.P. and others. “Biological encyclopedic dictionary” - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989.-864 p.

2. Yakovlev G.P., Averyanov L.V. “Botany for the teacher” - M.: Education:

Educational literature, 1997.-336p.

3. Blinova K.B., Borisova N.A., Gortinsky G.B. and others. “Botanical-pharmacognostic dictionary” - M.: Higher School, 1990.-272 p.

4. Strizhev A.N. “The Big Book of the Forest” - M.: Olma-press, 1999.-731 p.

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Dog rose (Rosa canina) or dog rose is a powerful, fast-growing, hardy shrub.

The branches of the dog rose are densely covered with hard, large (up to 1.5 cm) curved thorns. The spikes act like fishhooks, clinging to clothing and the body and holding. And given the rather large height, and the fact that the stems bend in an arc and intertwine with each other, it is almost impossible for either people or animals to pass through its thickets.

Dog rose grows up to 3 meters in height, young shoots are green, old shoots are brown-green, arched. It blooms in late June with pink or whitish flowers. The flowers are small, 3-5 centimeters in diameter, odorless, light, graceful. In autumn, clusters of bright red fruits ripen, which look good against the backdrop of thorny branches. Green spiny stems are decorative in winter.

Dogrose (and other rose hips) fruits are a rich source of vitamins and antioxidants (especially vitamin C). The fruits are dried and used to brew vitamin tea. Vitamin jam is made from the pulp, cleared of seeds and hairs. You can also make jam from rose petals. It is also used in medicine. Studies have appeared indicating that rose canine preparations have an anti-inflammatory effect and can reduce pain in people suffering from arthritis.

In landscaping it is used to create impassable, free-growing hedges. It must be taken into account that dog rose forms root suckers and is therefore capable of growing. It should be planted in places where growth will not cause problems, or it should be limited during planting, creating barriers to the spread of roots.

Dog rose is also used as a rootstock for decorative varieties of roses.

Dog rose seedlings are planted in well-lit places; slight shading is allowed. Any soil is suitable; it can grow on both sandy and clay soils. Dog rose is resistant to urban conditions.

Propagated by cuttings, root suckers, less often by seeds.

The taxonomy of roses is very difficult for beginning rose growers, and usually they do not want to delve into it. However, general concepts still need to be learned. This will allow you to choose the right roses when purchasing, correctly arrange them in the garden and ensure proper wintering conditions. Biologist of the Botanical Garden of Nizhny Novgorod State University Elena Evgenievna Demidova will help you understand the classification of roses.

Roses have been in cultivation for many millennia and have undergone countless crossbreedings during the selection process. Over time, it became impossible to judge their species. Rose growers from different countries offered different classification options.

Ultimately, the basis was not the origin of roses (as in botany), but stable garden characteristics - decorative and biological characteristics of species and varieties.

In 1976, the World Federation of Rose Societies (WFRS) in Oxford adopted a new ARS classification, which is based on the principles of application of each group in the garden.

The classification of roses was presented in the periodical “Modern Roses. World Encyclopedia of Roses” (“Modern Roses” XI. The World Encyclopedia of Roses, 2000).

To make it easier to navigate the world of roses, they were divided into three large groups: species (wild), ancient garden ones, known before the advent of hybrid tea roses, and modern ones.

• Spesies Roses (Sp) - Species roses
• Old Garden Roses - Old garden roses
• Modern Roses - Modern garden roses

Let's look at each of the groups in more detail.

Species roses

In the Nizhny Novgorod region there is a habitat of two species: the May rose (R. maialis) and the needle rose (R. acicularis), the remaining species are introduced from natural habitats.

Species roses served as material for selection work and are practically not used in private gardening. The exception is the dog rose, or canina rose (Rosa canina), which is widely used as a rootstock for varietal roses, including by amateur gardeners.

Vintage garden roses

The most decorative species of wild rose hips, as well as their garden forms and hybrids, make up the group of Old Garden Roses.

Old (or antique) roses have historical value and are quite rare. They are well adapted to harsh conditions, have high winter hardiness, do not need winter shelter, and do not require special care. They bloom mostly once and for a short time; in the fall they are valued for their beautiful fruits.

Considering the taxonomy of roses, we omit a detailed classification of this group. As an example, we will note just a few names that are familiar to many. The group of antique roses includes Damask and Bourbon roses, Chinese rose hybrids, tea roses, moss roses and others.

In the collection of the Botanical Garden of UNN, the only group of old garden roses is represented - these are hybrids of remontant roses (Hybrid Perpetual & Climbing Perpetual HP). Remontant roses appeared around 1820 by hybridizing Bourbon, Damask, and French roses with tea and Bengal roses. They provided the first repeat flowering and served as a breakthrough in horticulture. Created by the French originator Laffaay. They were widespread in the 19th century before the advent of hybrid tea roses.

Vigorous bushes up to 2 m tall. The flowers are large, double, fragrant, often in inflorescences of 3-5 pieces on strong peduncles. They repair (bloom again), although the second flowering is much weaker than the first. Affected by fungal diseases.

Modern garden roses

This is a very broad group, which, in turn, has a complex classification.

The following abbreviations are accepted:

• Floribunda (Fl) - Floribunda & Climbing Floribunda (F & ClF)
• Grandiflora (Grand) - Grandiflora & Climbing Grandiflora (Gr & ClGr)
• Hybrid rose Kordes (Kor) - Hybrid Kordesii (HKor)
• Hybrid rose moyesii (Moy) - Hybrid Moyesii (HMoy)
• Hybrid musk rose (Musk) - Hybrid Moschata (HMsk)
• Hybrid rose rugosa (Rug) - Hybrid Rugosa (HRg)
• Hybrid rose Vihurana (Plt) - Hybrid Wichurana (HWich)
• Hybrid Tea Roses (HT) - Hybrid Tea & Climbing Hybrid Tea (HT & ClHT)
• Climbing large-flowered (Plt.Kr) - Large-Flowered Climber (LCl)
• Miniature (Min) - Miniature & Climbing Miniature
• Polianta (Pol) - Polianta & Climbing Polianta (Pol & ClPol)
• Shrub (S)

The era of modern garden roses began in 1867, when the first hybrid tea variety, La France, was bred. The appearance of hybrid tea roses was an outstanding event. In terms of their qualities, they surpassed all forms and varieties known before them.

Among modern garden roses, preference is given to varieties of the hybrid tea group and the floribunda group - for their decorative qualities, for the abundance of flowering, as well as for the ease of caring for them, in particular, for winter shelter. For these roses, it is enough to keep the stems at a height of 10 cm from the ground (or even less) so that they not only grow well, but also bloom profusely.

Hybrid tea roses

They came from crossing remontant roses with tea roses. They are distinguished by their exceptional richness of colors, large double flowers of elegant shape, solitary or in small inflorescences. In some varieties, the size of the flowers is truly outstanding - up to 12-14 cm. The leaves are also a decoration; they are glossy and large. Bushes 70-90 cm, bloom at the end of June and bloom profusely until late autumn. Hybrid tea roses are less winter-hardy than remontant roses, but their winter insulation is less labor-intensive. In addition, the beauty of flowers is worth any hassle associated with growing them.

Undoubtedly, it is to the hybrid tea varieties that Rose owes her status as the Queen of Flowers. An excellent example is the red variety Cardinal, yellow Mabella and Landora, white Sebastian Kneipp, and the incomparable Gloria Day.

Polyantha roses

Bred by crossing a multi-flowered rose (R.multiflora) with a Chinese rose (R.chinensis). Actually, polyanthus means “many-flowered.” The first varieties were obtained in France by the originator Guillot in 1873. Their flowers are small (3-4 cm), often pink and red, less often white (yellow colors are not found in typical polyanthus roses). Flowers range from single to highly double, sometimes fragrant, in large inflorescences. The leaves are small, with ciliated stipules. The bushes are dense, highly branched, 30-40 cm high, up to 60 cm. Flowering is abundant and almost continuous, until late autumn. Easy to take cuttings. More winter-hardy than hybrid teas, resistant to dampness and fungal diseases. They lost some of their importance after the appearance of floribunda roses. A classic example of polyanthus roses is the variety The Fairy.

Floribunda

In 1924, by crossing polyanthus roses with hybrid tea roses, the Danish originator Poulsen obtained hybrid polyantha roses, which successfully combined the characteristics of the parents. The history of floribunda roses began with them. They are similar to polyanthus roses in the nature of the inflorescences and resistance, and in the size of the flowers they resemble hybrid tea roses. A synonym for floribunda roses is “abundantly blooming.”

Their numerous varieties have become very popular and have a huge variety of colors. The flowers range from simple to densely double, in shape - from flat to goblet-shaped. They are smaller in size than hybrid tea roses (4-8 cm), and are collected in inflorescences of different sizes. The smell, which was initially absent in varieties of late selection, began to appear.

Floribunda roses bloom more luxuriantly and for a longer period of time than hybrid tea roses. They take first place in decorative landscape plantings. Some varieties are also used for forcing for cutting.

Typical representatives of the floribunda group are such well-known varieties as Iceberg, or Schneewithchen (white), Arthur Bell (yellow), Shokin blue (blue), Bella Rosa (pink), Electron, or Red Poppy (dark red).

Patio roses occupy an intermediate position between miniature roses (for which the bushes, flowers and leaves are too large) and the Floribunda group. We can say that patios are dwarf varieties of floribunda roses.

Their neat compact bushes look perfect in the foreground of a mixborder, in a small flower bed or in a pot. The patio group has gained popularity due to the fashion for decorating patios with flowers. At the moment, patio roses are included in the floribunda group.

Grandiflora

This is a relatively new and rather arbitrary garden group, created by crossing varieties of the hybrid tea group and floribunda. The boundary between these groups is not clearly defined. Therefore, in catalogs, grandiflora rose varieties are often listed as hybrid tea or floribunda. The characteristic properties of grandiflora roses are vigor and winter hardiness. They are widely used for cutting, as they form long, straight shoots. Typical representatives of this group are the well-known varieties Queen Elizabeth, Sonya, Golden Pride and others.

Shrubs

The youngest group. Translated from English, “shrub” means bush. This group includes those varieties that cannot be included in other garden groups. They are also called modern park roses. The scrubs are distinguished by their voluminous bush and height from 1.5 to 2.5 m. Flowers of any type from single to the form of hybrid tea roses and floribunda, often fragrant. The coloring is very diverse. Almost all scrubs bloom repeatedly, profusely. They overwinter under light protection and are very disease resistant.

The group of shrub roses also includes the so-called English roses, bred by the originator David Aystin. They look nostalgically old-fashioned and are very disease resistant. As an example, such masterpieces of Austin as Abraham Darby, Graham Thomas, English Garden.

According to modern classification, ground cover roses also belong to the scrub group. The term “ground cover roses” appeared in the 80s of the twentieth century. According to Cordes, they are divided into four subgroups: low and high creeping, small and large drooping.

Having recently received status, the scrub group quickly gained great popularity. This group includes the varieties Cinderella, Summer Memories, Cordes Brillant. In the botanical garden of UNN, one of the best scrubs turned out to be the Westerland variety. It has demonstrated high resistance to harsh wintering conditions.

climbing roses

Botanists include all roses that form long, whip-like shoots as climbing roses. Sometimes they are called climbing vines, which is incorrect, since there are no real climbing vines among roses. But there are many species and forms that can rise to considerable heights, clinging to support with their spikes.

Wild climbing roses include, for example, the multiflora rose (or multi-flowered Rosa multiflora) and the Vihura rose (R. wichurana).

Climbing varieties of modern garden roses are combined into two independent groups.

1. Rambler - Rambler (R). These are small-flowered climbing roses with long flexible stems, blooming once on the shoots of previous years. Their origin is related to the already mentioned R. multiflora and R. wuchuraiana. The height of the bushes is 2-4 m or more. The flowers are 2-4 cm in diameter, simple or double, collected in large inflorescences along the entire length of overwintered shoots. The color is mainly pink, crimson and white. Flowering in our conditions is from 30 to 50 days, usually in July. Ramblers are quite winter-hardy and overwinter well under light, dry shelter. The most famous representatives: Dorothy Perkins, American Pillar, Excelsa.

Ramblers also include climbing hybrids of Kordes (Hybrid Kordesii, HKor), which are sometimes classified as a separate group.

2. Climbing Large-flowered roses (Plt.Kr.) Largeflowered Climber, LCL. This includes hybrids with thick shoots 2-3 m long and large flowers. Most varieties bloom repeatedly. The flowers are large (4-10 cm), solitary or collected in small inflorescences, often fragrant. They form on branches of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th order, that is, on shoots of previous years, but they can also be on the growth of the current year. The shape of the flowers ranges from flat to goblet-shaped. An example is the famous rose New Dawn, Coral Satin, Handel, Schwanensee.

In addition to the two named groups, among garden climbing roses, climbers or climbing occupy a special place. These are sports (bud mutations) of varieties that were isolated in bush form. Many climbings arose spontaneously, but turned out to be so successful that their “climbing” was fixed by selection. Such cultivars are found in almost all garden groups of roses. However, they are less winter-hardy than the original varieties.

HER. Demidova, biologist

Botanical Garden of UNN

them. N. I. Lobachevsky,

photo from the collection of BS UNN

and Natalia Paramonova

http://fotki.yandex.ru/users/paramonova35

You can find this article in the magazine "Magic Garden" 2011 No. 4.

Number of impressions: 14031

Rose, rosehip (Rosa)

Family: Pink, Rosaceae

Brief information about the garden plant

Plant type: woody

Attitude to light: photophilous

Relation to moisture: prefers moderate moisture

Wintering: winter-hardy, winters with shelter

The soil: prefers garden soils

Flowering time: spring-summer (May-June), summer (July-August), late summer - autumn (August-October)

Height: medium-sized tree or shrub (1-2 m), low-growing shrub (up to 1 m)

Value in culture: flowering, edible, medicinal, aromatic

Rosa, rose, rosehip. Deciduous shrubs 1-2 m tall with thorns on the branches. Shoots can be creeping, clinging to the branches of neighboring plants. There are forms in the form of dense low bushes. The flowers are large (from 1 to 12 cm in diameter), pink, red, dark crimson, white or yellow, fragrant, bisexual, solitary or collected in inflorescences.

Types and varieties of roses

Systematically, the rose genus is one of the most complex in the family. It has about 250 (according to some sources up to 400) species, grouped into sections that differ in a number of morphological characteristics. Wild roses, often called wild roses in Russian, grow naturally in the temperate and warm climates of the Northern Hemisphere.

All roses are divided into 3 sections: species (natural) or wild roses ( Species or The Wild Roses), old garden roses (Old Garden Roses) and modern garden roses (Modern Roses). The starting point for modern varieties is the year of appearance of the first variety of hybrid tea roses - variety ‘ La France’.

1. SPECIES

These include species and varieties of roses that have preserved their natural appearance; they mostly bloom once. They are conventionally divided into 2 categories: climbing and non-climbing. Wild species and varieties of roses have long been valued in ornamental gardening.

Dog rose, or common rose (Rosa canina)

Shrub up to 3 m tall with green or red-brown bark. The shoots are long, arched, the thorns are sparse and large. Flowers are up to 8 cm in diameter, from red to white. Blooms from May to July. The fruits are round and red.

Wrinkled rose (Rosa rugosa)

Shrub up to 1.5-2 m tall, erect, green branches. The spines are numerous - from small bristles to large curved spines. The leaves are distinctly wrinkled. Flowers are 6-12 cm in diameter, simple or double, red (less often white), fragrant. The fruits are up to 3 cm in diameter, bright red. Blooms from June to autumn. Sometimes you can see both flowers and fruits on a plant at the same time.

It tolerates replanting well, is undemanding to soil, and resistant to fungal diseases. It grows strongly with rhizome shoots.

Popular varieties of wrinkled rose:

var. alba- decorative form with white flowers;

"Alba Plena" - white, double flowers;

"Rosea"—pink flowers;

"Rubra Plena" - red, double flowers;

‘Queen of the North’—crimson, double flowers, the variety is exceptionally winter-hardy;

‘Ritausma’ - flowers are pale pink with a deep pink center, densely double;

"Pink Grootendorst" - pink, double flowers, petals with a jagged edge.

Rosa spinosissima

Shrub up to 1.5-2 m tall. The branches are densely covered with thorns of various sizes. The flowers are white (less often with a pink or yellow tint), up to 5 cm in diameter, solitary. The fruits are black, spherical. Blooms in May-June.

Rose Maksimovich (Rosa maximowixziana)

A shrub that grows naturally in the forests of Primorye, Korea, China and Japan. The shoots are arched, long, the flowers are white with a yellow core, up to 5 cm in diameter, fragrant. The fruits are small, spherical, bright red.

The following natural species are also grown: Alpine rose, or drooping rose (Rosa alpina, R. pendulina), French rose, or Gallic rose (Rosa gallica), gray rose (Rosa glauca) and others.

2. OLD GARDENS.

This section includes varieties and groups of rose varieties grown before 1867. The group is large and diverse. Here are varieties of rose groups: alba, bourbon, damask, bengal, moss, tea and others. The overwhelming majority of varieties of these groups bloom once (except for tea and Bengal roses) and are quite thermophilic.

Alba - hybrids of the alba rose (Rosa alba).

Rosa alba has been known for a very long time, mentioned in the works of Pliny. The varieties and garden forms have white or pink-white flowers, medium size (5-8 cm in diameter), often double, fragrant. Flowering is once, for 20-30 days, abundant. Bushes are erect, up to 2 m tall. The leaves are smooth, with a grayish tint. It is highly frost-resistant, but may freeze in severe winters. Resistant to fungal diseases. Refers to valuable park roses. Popular varieties: ‘ M-me Plamtier’ - white, densely double, early flowering; ‘ Maiden's Blush’ - pink, terry, spherical.

Hybrids of alpina roses (Hybrid Alpina).

The original species grows naturally in the Alps. The flowers are 4-6 cm in diameter, pink, violet and crimson-red, semi-double and double, collected in small inflorescences. Bushes 1.5-2.5 m tall, shoots almost without thorns. Flowering is abundant from mid-July, for 2-3 weeks. Bushes need light cover.

Bengal or Chinese roses (China).

It is not found in its pure form. The first re-blooming rose brought to Europe from China. Flowers of various colors, except yellow, are semi-double or double. The bushes are low (up to 50 cm tall).

Bourbon roses.

The original form was found in 1817 on the island. Bourbon in the Indian Ocean. The flowers are white, pink, red, purple, large (8-10 cm), double, fragrant, mostly in inflorescences. Bushes up to 1.5 m tall. Without shelter they freeze to the ground. Affected by fungal diseases. Rarely distributed in culture.

Gallic or French roses (Gallica).

The flowers are pink, red, purple or striped, medium in size (5-8 cm), from single to densely double (100-200 petals), very fragrant, in small inflorescences (3-5 pieces). The leaves are dark green and large. Bushes up to 0.8-1.4 m tall, compact, highly branched. Blooms abundantly, once. Needs light protection in winter.

Damask roses (Damask).

Since ancient times it has been cultivated in the countries of the Middle East. Introduced to Europe from Syria in 1875. The flowers of the varieties range from pale pink to red, double, fragrant, of medium size (6-8 cm in diameter), in racemose inflorescences. Bushes up to 1.5-1.8 m high. The leaves are large, leathery, with 5-7 leaflets. Single flowering. Need light winter protection. Damaged by fungal diseases.

Moss roses (Moss).

They are distinguished by mossy glandular outgrowths on pedicels, calyxes and sepals, which have a strong aroma. The flowers are white, red, pink, double, fragrant. Single flowering. Need light winter protection.

Tea roses (Tea).

The flowers of most varieties are pink, cream, yellow of various shades, large, elegant in shape, double, fragrant (tea aroma), drooping. Bushes from 0.5 to 2 m tall. They are among the most demanding of heat.

3. MODERN GARDENS

They are distinguished by a wide range of colors, remontability and resistance to winter conditions, pests and diseases.

Hybrid tea (large-flowered) (Hybrid Tea).

Flowers up to 14 cm in diameter, double and densely double, fragrant. The color range is very wide (from white to red, yellow, purple and many transitional shades). They are placed singly on peduncles. Slender bushes 0.6-1 m tall.

Polyanthas (Polyantha).

Flowers are up to 4 cm in diameter, simple and double, collected in corymbose inflorescences (up to 20 or more pieces in each). Color in pink-red tones (rarely white, never yellow). The aroma is present in some varieties. Bush up to 60 cm.

Floribunda.

Flowers up to 8 cm in diameter, simple, fragrant, semi-double and double, collected in inflorescences. Coloring is varied. More abundant and long lasting compared to hybrid tea roses. Bushes of varying heights, from 0.3 to 1.2 m or more in height. The varieties of this group occupy an intermediate position between hybrid tea and polyantha.

Grandiflora.

The varieties are distinguished by abundant flowering and large (like Hybrid Tea) flower sizes. One of the most modern groups of garden double roses.

Miniature.

Flowers are up to 2 cm in diameter, from simple to double, collected in inflorescences or solitary. Some varieties have a pronounced aroma. The coloring is varied.

Roses Schrub.

A combined group of varieties that initially had a large, tall bush (height more than 150 cm). Currently, this group includes those varieties that cannot be classified in other known groups. “Ground cover” roses and “English” roses (D. Austin roses) are classified as scrubs.

Patio.

Flowers are 2-5 cm in diameter, simple, semi-double and double. Collected in inflorescences or solitary. Bush height up to 50 cm.

Climbing.

A complex group, because the above groups of roses may also include varieties with long climbing shoots more than 1.5 m in length. Such varieties are called cultivars indicating the parent variety and belong to the same group as the original cultivar. There are two main forms: small-flowered Rambler and grandiflora Climber.

1. Climbing small-flowered (Rambler).

Flowers up to 4 cm, simple or double in large inflorescences. Single flowering. The shoots are long, flexible, up to 4 m long.

2. Large-flowered climbing plants (Climber).

Flowers up to 10 cm in diameter, simple or double. Collected in small inflorescences or arranged singly. The shoots are tough, up to 2-4 m long. Double flowering.

Hybrids of Cordes (Kordesii).

The group is named after the German breeder W. Cordes. The varieties originate from the diploid variety "Max Graf". Flowers are up to 8 cm in diameter, from single-double (Dortmund) to densely double (Karlsruhe), with a rich range of colors, sometimes fragrant, collected in inflorescences. Branches up to 2 m long. Flowering is abundant, long-lasting, and repeated. The varieties are winter-hardy and disease resistant.

According to the latest classification of roses (2007), new groups have been introduced: Chinese roses, Gigantea group. The above classification does not claim absolute botanical accuracy, but is most widely used by rose growers and lovers in Russia.

Classification of flowers by the number of petals:

1. Simple rose (4-5 petals);

2. Semi-double rose (6-15 petals);

3. Terry (over 35 petals);

4. Extra-double (more than 70 petals)

Rose care

Roses are light- and heat-loving plants. A place for planting is selected that is sunny, protected from cold northern and eastern winds. The soils are highly fertile, cultivated, with a slightly acidic reaction environment. Groundwater - no closer than 1.5 m from the surface. Planting mainly in spring. The root collar is placed at ground level or slightly buried (no more than 5 cm). After planting and throughout the entire growth period, fertilizing is carried out (nitrogen fertilizers in spring, complex fertilizers in summer) every 2.5 weeks until the beginning of August, combined with watering. In dry summers, watering is necessary.

In the middle zone, varietal roses are covered for the winter. Full cover is carried out, usually in mid-November. Without shelter, a rose can withstand frosts down to -10-15 °C. Before sheltering, the bushes must be covered with earth or peat. Standard roses are dug up on one side and tilted to the ground, climbing and semi-climbing roses are removed from their supports.

The distance between seedlings for park roses is 1-2 m, for climbing roses - 1-1.5 m, ground cover - 0.5-2 m, border roses - 0.5 m, miniature - 0.2-0.4 m.

Rose pruning consists of activities that must be carried out continuously throughout the year. During spring pruning, remove all broken and frostbitten ends of branches. In climbing and park roses, last year's growth is slightly shortened. In summer, faded flowers are removed until the first “full” leaf. In standard and grafted varieties, monitor the appearance of shoots on the standard and below the grafting level, respectively, and get rid of them in a timely manner. Throughout the season, “wildlife” is removed in a timely manner.

Rose propagation

Wild roses are propagated by seeds, while varietal roses are propagated vegetatively: by cuttings, layering, dividing the bush and root suckers (if the mother plants are rooted).

Rosehip is a beautiful and very useful plant that is often used in folk medicine. In our article we will talk about one of its varieties - dog rose, about its medicinal properties and cultivation rules.

Dog rose was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, and its the international scientific name in Latin is Rosa canina L. This species belongs to the Rosaceae family.

Important! Different types of rose hips may have different medicinal properties, so before collecting or purchasing, be sure to check which variety is offered to you.

The plant is a large shrub capable of growing 2 m in height. It has arched branches; their surface is covered with a brown or greenish crust, on which there are numerous durable sickle-shaped spines.

The bush has imparipinnate leaves, consisting of 5-7 large elliptical leaves, up to 5 cm in length. Most often, single flowers are found, but sometimes they are collected in several pieces and are located on pedicels, about 3 cm long.

The diameter of large flowers can reach 8 cm, they are painted white or pink.

The fruits of the bush are small, round, sometimes elongated-ovoid. They have a light or bright red color. Flowering occurs in June, and fruit ripening occurs in September.

Distribution and ecology

Dog rose is widespread in Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. Its habitats are sparse forests, clearings, clearings, treeless shrub and grassy slopes, banks of streams and rivers. It is also found on roadsides and in desert areas.

Rose hips contain large amounts of:

• tannins;
• malic and citric acid;
• essential oils;
• vitamins A, E, C, PP and K, B vitamins;
• phosphorus;
• magnesium;
• zinc;
• manganese;
• sodium;
• chromium;
• potassium

Use in folk medicine

Due to its unique composition, the plant is actively used in medicine. Let's look at what properties rose hips have and how to prepare your own medicine from it.

Did you know? In the 18th and 19th centuries, this type of rose hip was used as a remedy for dog bites, which is why it acquired its name.

Quite often, rose hips are used to fight colds. Due to the high content of vitamin C in the decoction, it is possible to prevent dehydration of the body, reduce temperature, and also destroy viruses.

Rosehip-based preparations help strengthen the immune system and improve the production of antibodies. They are used to treat the following diseases:

• whooping cough;
• scarlet fever;
• pneumonia;
• diphtheria;
• angina.

Rosehip has excellent choleretic properties and is also very useful for hematopoiesis. Thanks to the presence of vitamin K, the synthesis of prothrombin, necessary for normalizing the blood clotting process, improves.
It is this component that allows you to quickly stop uterine bleeding.

The presence of vitamin P in the composition helps strengthen blood vessels, and vitamins B2 and B1 take an active part in blood production. Dog rose can prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis, since thanks to its components, blood vessels are cleared of cholesterol.

In addition, the plant has the following properties:

• antiviral;
• wound healing;
• immunostimulating;
• restorative;
• anti-inflammatory.

A decoction of the rhizome can dissolve stones in the body, and tea from the leaves can be taken to relieve pain and improve gastric motility.

Infusion

To prepare it you will need:

• dog rose fruits;
• 500 ml water;
• 20 g granulated sugar.

The fruits are ground to a powder, after which 2 teaspoons of the resulting ingredient are poured into 500 ml of hot water. Leave the mixture for 4-5 hours, then filter and add granulated sugar. Drink 100 ml three times a day before meals.

Use in gardening

In addition to medicinal purposes, rose hips are also actively used as an ornamental plant. It is often planted in well-lit areas or along fences to create shade and thereby create a hedge.

You can also graft cultivated roses onto rose hips - such a plant will have a beautiful and original appearance.

Unfortunately, due to the high availability and low cost of dog rose, sellers often pass it off as ordinary (May) dog rose. The main difference between the dog rose is that it has small bracts that are pressed against the branch. In an ordinary rosehip they should stick out.
May (ordinary) rosehip However, sellers often break them off completely before selling the plant, so determining the variety is problematic.

Growing at home

If you decide to grow rose hips yourself, the following information will be useful to you.

The choice of planting site is of great importance for the further development of the plant. Dog rose does well in sunny, well-lit areas, so you should not plant it in a shaded area. The plant does not like strong moisture, but it does not like dry air either - so the indicator should be average.
Rosehip is a cross-pollinated plant, so it is worth planting several bushes nearby.

Important! Wetlands are not suitable for planting, as this can lead to rotting of the root system.

Planting and propagation

The plant propagates by seed or using seedlings. Let's look at these methods in more detail.

It is recommended to collect seeds in August - unripe fruits with a brown color are suitable for this. This period is the most successful, since the seed has a not too hard shell and, accordingly, will germinate well.

Both spring and autumn are suitable for planting, but it is better to give preference to the second option. It is recommended to plant in October.
Unripe fruits of dog rose Procedure:

1. It is necessary to make furrows at the selected location.
2. Sow seeds in rows.
3. Then sprinkle the rows with humus and sawdust, leaving a small distance so that a hoe can pass between them.
4. For better germination with the arrival of spring, it is necessary to install a frame and stretch polyethylene over it.
5. As soon as you notice the first two leaves on the seedlings, you should plant them.

If planting is planned for spring, the seeds must be stratified for better germination. After the seeds are extracted from the fruit, they need to be mixed with peat and sand (1 to 4).

This mixture is placed in a box and stored until March in a cool place at a temperature of 2-3°C. During the winter months the mixture is stirred from time to time.

When choosing this method, planting is best done in the fall. October or November is ideal for this procedure.

Watering

The plant tolerates dry weather well, so does not need frequent watering. During the dry period, to water one young bush you will need 2-3 buckets of water, and for a fruit-bearing bush - 5. Throughout the entire season, watering is carried out 3-4 times.

Trimming

2-3 seasons after planting, the bush is pruned. To improve productivity, form a bush containing only 15-20 branches. At the same time, it is good if the age of the branches is different, but not more than 7 years, since after this period the branches begin to bear fruit poorly.