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Art through the years
Great Patriotic
wars
During the Great Patriotic War did not weaken
interest in real art. Artists
drama and musical theatres, philharmonic
and concert groups contributed to the common cause
fight against the enemy. Huge popularity
used front-line theaters and concert
brigades. Risking their lives, these people
performances proved that the beauty of art
alive that it is impossible to kill her. Among the front
artists were also the mother of one of our
teachers. We present her memories of those
unforgettable concerts.
poem "Wait for me" has no special story. I just left for
war, and the woman I loved was in the rear. And I wrote her a letter
verses…”
Wait for me and I will come back.
Just wait a lot
Wait for sadness
yellow rain,
Wait for the snow to come
Wait when it's hot
Wait when others are not expected
Forgetting yesterday.
Wait when from distant places
Letters will not come
Wait until you get bored
To all who are waiting together. Front Concert Brigades
During the war years, artists
held for the Soviet
warriors 1 million 350
thousand performances,
concerts, creative
meetings were not
one part, no matter where
visited the front
theaters and brigades.
Together with Red
The artists passed through the army
all the way to the war. Lidia Ruslanova - front-line artist
theater
Together with his comrades in
concert brigade almost all this year
I spent on the front lines.
We recently returned from the Southwest
front, and in the coming days me again
the seventh trip to the front is ahead.
How much has been experienced during this time.
How many meetings there were
impressions. So many friends now
me on all fronts. So much happened
see and hear! Music and songs during the war years Seventh Symphony by D. Shostakovich LISTEN
7th symphony, completed already in evacuation, in Kuibyshev, and there for the first time
executed, immediately became a symbol of resistance Soviet people
fascist aggressors and faith in the coming victory over the enemy. So
perceived it not only at home, but also in many countries of the world.
Brilliant “invasion episode”, courageous and strong-willed themes
resistance, the mournful monologue of the bassoon (“requiem for the victims of the war”), with all
its publicism and poster simplicity of the musical language and in the very
in fact, they have enormous artistic power. "Holy war"
(interesting information)
LISTEN
The history of the creation of one of the most famous songs of the Great Patriotic War is interesting.
On June 24, 1941, the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda published a poem by V. I. Lebedev Kumach, which began with the words: “Get up, huge country, get up for a mortal battle ...”
The poem in the newspaper was read by the head of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble Krasnaya
Army A. V. Alexandrov. It made such a strong impression on him that he immediately sat down to
piano. The next day, having come to the rehearsal, the composer announced:
- We will learn a new song - "Holy War".
Immediately after a tense rehearsal, the ensemble group went to the Belorussky railway station to perform
in front of the fighters leaving for the front line. The view of the station was unusual: all the rooms to capacity
filled with soldiers.
In the waiting room, a platform was knocked together from freshly planed boards - a kind of stage for
speeches. The artists of the ensemble climbed this elevation, and doubts involuntarily arose in them:
is it possible to perform in such an environment? There is noise in the hall, sharp commands, the sounds of the radio. Leader's words
who announces that the song "Holy War" will now be performed for the first time, drown in the general rumble.
But then the hand of Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov rises, and the hall gradually calms down ...
The excitement turned out to be in vain. From the very first bars, the song captured the fighters. And when the second sounded
couplet, there was absolute silence in the hall. Everyone stood up, as during the singing of the anthem. On harsh
tears are visible on the faces, and this excitement is transmitted to the performers. They all have tears in their eyes too... Song
subsided, but the fighters demanded a repetition. Again and again - five times in a row! - the band sang
"Holy War"
Thus began the path of the song, a glorious and long journey. From that day on, the "Holy War" was taken over
armament by our army, by all the people, became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War.
1 of 17
Presentation on the topic: Art during the Great Patriotic War
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1. ON THE EVE OF THE WAR The purposeful ideological and moral preparation of the USSR for the coming war against fascism became apparent already from the mid-1930s. Confirm this thesis with facts known to you. 1934 - history was restored as a compulsory academic discipline 1938 - "A short course in the history of the CPSU (b)" substantiated the continuity Russian Empire and the USSR in confronting external enemies, the creation of patriotic films and films about the revolution "Alexander Nevsky". Dir. S. Eisenstein. Muses. With Prokofiev. 1938 "Peter I". Dir. V. Petrov. 1940 In the role of Peter I N. Simonov. "Man with a gun". Dir. S. Yutkevich. 1937 "Lenin in October". Dir. M.Romm. 1937
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1. ON THE EVE OF THE WAR The purposeful ideological and moral preparation of the USSR for the coming war against fascism became apparent already from the mid-1930s. Confirm this thesis with facts known to you. military-patriotic education of young people (GTO, OSOVIAKHIM, DOSAAF, Voroshilov shooter) the prestige of military professions is extremely high until 1939 in the USSR there was no universal military duty, selection for the army, aviation and navy is very tough (education, general health, initial military preparation) And on the enemy's land, we will defeat the enemy with little blood, with a mighty blow!
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2. SOVIET CULTURE FOR THE FRONT The best achievements of culture are associated with those types of creativity that could become property in the shortest possible time mass audience(poster, movie, song, military journalism) "The Motherland is calling!" Hood. I. Toidze. 1941 HOLY WAR Composer: A. Aleksandrov Lyrics: V. Lebedev-Kumach Arise, vast country, Arise to fight to the death With the dark fascist force, With the cursed horde. Chorus: Let noble rage Boil like a wave - There is a people's war, Holy war! "The Holy War" is a patriotic song of the period of the Great Patriotic War, which has become a kind of anthem for the defense of the Fatherland. Also known for the first line: “Get up, the country is huge!” On June 24, 1941, simultaneously in the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda, the poems of the poet V.I. Lebedev-Kumach "Holy War" were published. Immediately after the publication, the composer A. V. Alexandrov wrote music for them. There was no time to print words and notes, and Alexandrov wrote them on the blackboard with chalk, and the singers and musicians copied them into their notebooks. Another day was set aside for rehearsal. And already on June 26, 1941, at the Belorussky railway station, one of the groups of the Red Banner Ensemble of the Red Army Song and Dance of the USSR that had not yet left for the front performed this song for the first time. According to eyewitnesses, the song was performed five times in a row that day. However, until October 15, 1941, the "Holy War" was not widely performed, as it was believed that it had an excessively tragic sound: it sang not about an early victory with "little bloodshed", but about a heavy mortal battle. And only from October 15, 1941, when the Wehrmacht had already captured Kaluga, Rzhev and Kalinin, the "Holy War" began to sound daily on the all-Union radio - every morning after the Kremlin chimes.
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2. SOVIET CULTURE FOR THE FRONT LITERATURE, PUBLICISTICS, MILITARY CORRESPONDENTS Alexander Tvardovsky "Holy War" is a patriotic song of the period of the Great Patriotic War, which has become a kind of anthem for the defense of the Fatherland. Also known for the first line: “Get up, the country is huge!” On June 24, 1941, simultaneously in the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda, the poems of the poet V.I. Lebedev-Kumach "Holy War" were published. Immediately after the publication, the composer A. V. Alexandrov wrote music for them. There was no time to print words and notes, and Alexandrov wrote them on the blackboard with chalk, and the singers and musicians copied them into their notebooks. Another day was set aside for rehearsal. And already on June 26, 1941, at the Belorussky railway station, one of the groups of the Red Banner Ensemble of the Red Army Song and Dance of the USSR that had not yet left for the front performed this song for the first time. According to eyewitnesses, the song was performed five times in a row that day. However, until October 15, 1941, the "Holy War" was not widely performed, as it was believed that it had an excessively tragic sound: it sang not about an early victory with "little bloodshed", but about a heavy mortal battle. And only from October 15, 1941, when the Wehrmacht had already captured Kaluga, Rzhev and Kalinin, the "Holy War" began to sound daily on the all-Union radio - every morning after the Kremlin chimes.
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2. SOVIET CULTURE FOR THE FRONT LITERATURE, PUBLICISTICS, MILITARY CORRESPONDENTS Konstantin Simonov "The Holy War" is a patriotic song of the period of the Great Patriotic War, which has become a kind of anthem for the defense of the Fatherland. Also known for the first line: “Get up, the country is huge!” On June 24, 1941, simultaneously in the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda, the poems of the poet V.I. Lebedev-Kumach "Holy War" were published. Immediately after the publication, the composer A. V. Alexandrov wrote music for them. There was no time to print words and notes, and Alexandrov wrote them on the blackboard with chalk, and the singers and musicians copied them into their notebooks. Another day was set aside for rehearsal. And already on June 26, 1941, at the Belorussky railway station, one of the groups of the Red Banner Ensemble of the Red Army Song and Dance of the USSR that had not yet left for the front performed this song for the first time. According to eyewitnesses, the song was performed five times in a row that day. However, until October 15, 1941, the "Holy War" was not widely performed, as it was believed that it had an excessively tragic sound: it sang not about an early victory with "little bloodshed", but about a heavy mortal battle. And only from October 15, 1941, when the Wehrmacht had already captured Kaluga, Rzhev and Kalinin, the "Holy War" began to sound daily on the all-Union radio - every morning after the Kremlin chimes.
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2. SOVIET CULTURE - TO THE FRONT FRONT BRIGADS, MUSIC, THEATER, CINEMA. Speech by Claudia Shulzhenko to the soldiers of the N-th part. Leningrad front. 1941 Speech by Lidia Ruslanova at the walls of the defeated Reichstag. Berlin. 1945 In 1948, L. Ruslanova was arrested and was imprisoned until 1953. "The Holy War" is a patriotic song of the period of the Great Patriotic War, which has become a kind of anthem for the defense of the Fatherland. Also known for the first line: “Get up, the country is huge!” On June 24, 1941, simultaneously in the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda, the poems of the poet V.I. Lebedev-Kumach "Holy War" were published. Immediately after the publication, the composer A. V. Alexandrov wrote music for them. There was no time to print words and notes, and Alexandrov wrote them on the blackboard with chalk, and the singers and musicians copied them into their notebooks. Another day was set aside for rehearsal. And already on June 26, 1941, at the Belorussky railway station, one of the groups of the Red Banner Ensemble of the Red Army Song and Dance of the USSR that had not yet left for the front performed this song for the first time. According to eyewitnesses, the song was performed five times in a row that day. However, until October 15, 1941, the "Holy War" was not widely performed, as it was believed that it had an excessively tragic sound: it sang not about an early victory with "little bloodshed", but about a heavy mortal battle. And only from October 15, 1941, when the Wehrmacht had already captured Kaluga, Rzhev and Kalinin, the "Holy War" began to sound daily on the all-Union radio - every morning after the Kremlin chimes.
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SOVIET CULTURE - TO THE FRONT FRONT BRIGADS, MUSIC, THEATER, CINEMA. Dmitri Shostakovich. The Seventh Symphony, which D.D. Shostakovich wrote in the besieged city in 1941, became a symbol of the invincible spirit of the Leningraders. The symphony was performed in the besieged and starving Leningrad on August 9, 1942.
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3. RADIO June 22, 1941. Soviet people listen to the government message about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Y. Levitan during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 read the reports of the Sovinformburo and the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. Stalin, and his voice became known to every inhabitant of the USSR. It was Yuri Levitan, thanks to the unique timbre of his voice, who was entrusted with announcing the capture of Berlin and the Victory. Levitan was among the first to be hanged by Hitler. The German secret services developed, but failed to implement, a plan to kidnap the chief announcer of the Soviet Union, for whose head the Reich was assigned a reward of 100 thousand (according to other sources - 250 thousand) marks. Levitan was guarded at the state level, the “main voice of the country” was guarded day and night by NKVD agents with orders to use weapons at the slightest danger. Disinformation about his appearance was launched through the press - so that no one would know what a person looks like, whose life the Nazis valued in a huge amount.
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3. RADIO Yuri Levitan and Olga Vysotskaya. Levitan's voice was known to every inhabitant of the USSR, because. he in 1941-1945. Olga Berggolts read the reports of the Soviet Information Bureau and the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. Stalin. During the Great Patriotic War, staying in the besieged Leningrad, she worked on the radio, almost daily appealing to the courage of the city's inhabitants. Y. Levitan during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 read the reports of the Sovinformburo and the orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I. Stalin, and his voice became known to every inhabitant of the USSR. It was Yuri Levitan, thanks to the unique timbre of his voice, who was entrusted with announcing the capture of Berlin and the Victory. Levitan was among the first to be hanged by Hitler. The German secret services developed, but failed to implement, a plan to kidnap the chief announcer of the Soviet Union, for whose head the Reich was assigned a reward of 100 thousand (according to other sources - 250 thousand) marks. Levitan was guarded at the state level, the “main voice of the country” was guarded day and night by NKVD agents with orders to use weapons at the slightest danger. Disinformation about his appearance was launched through the press - so that no one would know what a person looks like, whose life the Nazis valued in a huge amount.
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5. AUTHORITIES AND THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH since 1925 (after the death of Patriarch Tikhon) no head of the Russian Orthodox Church was elected) in the 1930s. the authorities conducted active and aggressive anti-religious propaganda (temples were destroyed, priests and believers were destroyed) by 1941 the number of those repressed for their faith reached 350 thousand people according to the 1937 census, more than 50% of the population of the USSR remained believers Twelfth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Sergius (1943 -1944). In 1943, the patriarchate was restored, churches and monasteries were partially returned. Concessions to power were limited and forced, but church life in the 1940s. visibly revived.
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7. "NINETEEN FOREVER" Among the front-line soldiers born in 1922, 1923 and 1924, three percent returned from the war (only three people out of a hundred). Pavel Kogan Mikhail Kulchitsky Nikolai Mayorov "Forever - nineteen" (1979), a story by Grigory Baklanov, dedicated to the fate of young guys - yesterday's schoolchildren - who got to the front. This story was awarded the State Prize of the USSR (1982).
Art during the Great Patriotic War
Glinchikova Ekaterina Andreevna
Bushina Anna Alexandrovna
Project leader: social studies
Kopenko Olga Nikolaevna
MOU "Gymnasium No. 1 of Zheleznogorsk, Kursk region.
Relevance of the topic
The Great Patriotic War is one of the most terrible trials that befell the Russian people. Its severity and bloodshed made a huge imprint in the minds of people, and had grave consequences for the life of a whole generation. A huge role was played by artistic culture and music for people who fought for the honor and freedom of the Motherland.
Purpose: to become familiar with Russian
art during the war.
Tasks: to consider artistic
works, sculptures
and musical creativity
wartime
analyze the significance
Russian art.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, artists take an active part in the fight against the enemy.
Between battles, they managed to produce newspapers, posters, cartoons. In the rear they were propagandists, organized exhibitions, they turned art into a weapon against the enemy - no less dangerous than the real one.
During the war, many exhibitions were organized, among them two all-Union exhibitions ("The Great Patriotic War" and "The Heroic Front and Rear") and 12 republican ones.
First place in the chart of the war years
held a poster.
On the second day of the war, the poster of the Kukryniksy already appeared: “We will mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy!”
Among the first posters of the Patriotic War, one should note the poster of the artist I. Toidze “The Motherland Calls”.
The main idea was to repulse the enemy, and it was expressed in a harsh, laconic pictorial language, regardless of creative individuals.
At the second stage, after a turning point in the course of the war, both the mood and the image of the poster change.
B.C. Ivanov depicts a soldier against the backdrop of a crossing across the Dnieper, drinking water from a helmet: “We drink the water of our native Dnieper. We will drink from Prut, Neman and Bug!” (1943).
The poster is permeated with optimism, folk humor
L. Golovanova "Let's get to Berlin!" (1944)
The poster of V.G. sounded like a call for revenge. Koretsky "Warrior of the Red Army, save!" (1942)
The war forced a new, deeper and more serious sense of the value of everything that the enemy encroached on, that he wanted to take away and destroy. In order to reflect the selfless and heroic struggle of the people, art needed a special depth and power to reveal feelings, to penetrate into the inner life of a person, into the meaning of phenomena. It was necessary not only to illustrate individual facts and events, but to create images that carry great feelings and experiences that correspond to the high patriotic upsurge of the Soviet people.
The famous battle painter devoted his painting “The Duel of Peresvet with Chelubey” (1943) to the historical victory of the Russian people in the Battle of Kulikovo
M. I. AVILOV
Sculpture
Participated in the nationwide struggle against the enemy
not only painters, but also sculpture masters.
The Patriotic War put before them
extremely complex and noble
the task is to perpetuate for posterity
images of the defenders of the Soviet country,
heroes of the front and rear, brave partisans.
Therefore, one of the leading genres
sculpture became a portrait in which
the best
qualities of the Soviet people, their spiritual
nobility and courage.
One of Vuchetich's most successful works is the bronze bust of General of the Army I. D. Chernyakhovsky (1945).
Monumental painting, of course, had few opportunities during the war years. But even at this time of the most difficult trials, the art of "eternal materials", frescoes and mosaics, continued to exist and develop.
Among these works, the image of N.F. Gastello Belarusian sculptor
A. Bembel (bronze, 1943)
MUSIC DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
On one of the June days of 1941, at the Belorussky railway station in Moscow, trains with fighters were preparing to be sent to the front. The artists of the Red Banner Red Army Song and Dance Ensemble of the USSR, who were seeing them off, sang a new song. Her chiselled melody, sternness, and courageous restraint captured everyone present so much that the song had to be repeated five times. It was the "Holy War", written by the composer A. V. Alexandrov to the verses of the poet V. I. Lebedev-Kumach.
From here, she began her battle path and went along with the Soviet soldiers through all the trials to victory. The song, faster than all other musical genres, entered the everyday life of the war, became a part of the life of the front and rear.
Some songs had a glorious fate .
The song “The Sternly Bryansk Forest Noisy” was created by the composer S. A. Katz to the verses of A. V. Sofronov at the request of the Bryansk partisans. Soon the whole country sang it.
Today, its melody sounds in Bryansk on Partizan Square near the Monument of Eternal Glory to the Fallen in the Battles for the Liberation of Bryansk and the Eternal Flame.
Katyusha gained almost legendary popularity. Written back in peacetime, during the war years it was sung everywhere, a variety of verses were selected to its melody. Fervent and lyrical, she carried with her the belief in victory.
After the war, "Katyusha" became a kind of friendship password. It is known in all countries and sung in different languages.
Many musicians fought with the enemy in the ranks of the Soviet Army. Those who remained in the rear gave the front their talent and their art. 473 thousand concerts were given by artists and musicians at the forefront of the army. K. I. Shulzhenko sang over 500 times in front of the soldiers of the Leningrad Front in the first year of the war.
Opera arias, songs, works of chamber and symphonic music sounded under enemy bullets.
The artists understood the responsibility of their mission.
On cold days, in the harsh conditions of the front
they performed in concert costumes,
in the best artistic form,
trying for a short time
time to create for the soldiers
holiday atmosphere.
“Lydia Ruslanova is standing right on the snow ... She is wearing a bright sundress. There is a colored scarf on the head... Beads on the neck. She sings..."
Music inspired not only fighters, but also home front workers. When many theaters and performing groups of Moscow, Leningrad and cities temporarily occupied by the enemy were evacuated into the interior of the country, radio became the center of their musical life.
A. V. Nezhdanova, N. A. Obukhova,
S. Ya. Lemesheva, pianists M. V. Yudina,
S. T. Richter, many other famous
and favorite artists.
May 1st, 1942 under heavy fire
the orchestra performed the 6th symphony of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
Leningraders were shown 81 operas and 55 ballets.
In conclusion, analyzing my story, I would like to note that the Soviet people fought not only for their freedom, but also for the salvation of world culture. It is no coincidence that one of the American journalists called Soviet Union"the great hope of mankind." Interest in Soviet art was unusually great throughout the progressive world.
In 1941-1945, during the years of the great battle against fascism, artists created many works in which they expressed the whole tragedy of the war and glorified the feat of the victorious people.
Unfortunately, it was not possible to build monuments. But it is during the days of the war that many sculptors have new ideas and projects.
The performance of the "Leningrad Symphony" was a real triumph in the West.
“A country whose artists in these harsh days are able to create works of such immortal beauty and lofty spirit - invincible" - this is how one of the American critics expressed his impressions of the symphony. In these words - recognition of the moral strength of the Soviet people, Soviet music.
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Art during the Great Patriotic War
The presentation was prepared by Ol'eva Olga Valerievna, teacher of history and social studies, secondary school No. 1353
slide 2
1. ON THE EVE OF THE WAR
The purposeful ideological and moral preparation of the USSR for the coming war against fascism became apparent already from the mid-1930s. Confirm this thesis with facts known to you.
1934 - history was restored as a compulsory subject 1938 - "A Short Course in the History of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks" substantiated the continuity of the Russian Empire and the USSR in confronting external enemies creation of patriotic films and films about the revolution
"Alexander Nevskiy". Dir. S. Eisenstein. Muses. With Prokofiev. 1938
"Peter I". Dir. V. Petrov. 1940 In the role of Peter I N. Simonov.
"Man with a gun". Dir. S. Yutkevich. 1937
"Lenin in October". Dir. M.Romm. 1937
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military-patriotic education of young people (GTO, OSOVIAKHIM, DOSAAF, Voroshilov shooter) the prestige of military professions is extremely high until 1939 in the USSR there was no universal military duty, selection for the army, aviation and navy is very tough (education, general health, initial military preparation)
And on the enemy's land, we will defeat the enemy with little blood, with a mighty blow!
slide 4
2. SOVIET CULTURE FOR THE FRONT
The best achievements of culture are associated with those types of creativity that in the shortest possible time could become the property of a mass audience (poster, film, song, military journalism)
"Motherland is calling!" Hood. I. Toidze. 1941
HOLY WAR Composer: A. Aleksandrov Lyrics: V. Lebedev-Kumach Arise, vast country, Arise to fight to the death With the dark fascist force, With the cursed horde. Chorus: Let noble rage Boil like a wave - There is a people's war, Holy war!
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LITERATURE, PUBLICISTICS, MILITARY CORRESPONDENTS
Alexander Tvardovsky
slide 6
Slide 7
FRONT BRIGADS, MUSIC, THEATER, CINEMA.
Speech by Claudia Shulzhenko to the soldiers of the N-th part. Leningrad front. 1941
Speech by Lidia Ruslanova at the walls of the defeated Reichstag. Berlin. 1945 In 1948, L. Ruslanova was arrested and was imprisoned until 1953.
Slide 8
Film "Two fighters". Dir. L. Lukov. 1943 Mark Bernes as Arkady Dzyubin.
SONGS OF THE WAR YEARS: “In the Frontline Forest” “Nightingales” “Roads” “In the Dugout” “Dark Night” “Katyusha”
Slide 9
K / f "A guy from our city." Dir. A. Stolper. 1942 Starring N. Kryuchkov, L. Smirnova.
Film "Ivan the Terrible". Dir. S. Eisenstein. 1944 AT leading role N. Cherkasov.
Slide 10
SOVIET CULTURE - TO THE FRONT
Dmitri Shostakovich. The Seventh Symphony, which D.D. Shostakovich wrote in the besieged city in 1941, became a symbol of the invincible spirit of the Leningraders. The symphony was performed in the besieged and starving Leningrad on August 9, 1942.
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June 22, 1941. Soviet people listen to the government message about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
slide 12
Olga Bergholz. During the Great Patriotic War, staying in the besieged Leningrad, she worked on the radio, almost daily appealing to the courage of the city's inhabitants.
slide 13
4. DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL PROPERTIES BY THE FASCITS
Peterhof. The Grand Palace and the Grand Cascade, destroyed by the Nazis.
The state register of cultural property lost during the Great Patriotic War on the territory of the USSR includes 1,670 destroyed Orthodox churches and monasteries, 427 museums, 180 million volumes of books, and numerous archives. In total, about 565 thousand works of art were lost.
Slide 14
5. AUTHORITY AND THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
since 1925 (after the death of Patriarch Tikhon) the election of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church has not been carried out) in the 1930s. the authorities conducted active and aggressive anti-religious propaganda (temples were destroyed, priests and believers were destroyed) by 1941 the number of those repressed for their faith reached 350 thousand people according to the 1937 census, more than 50% of the population of the USSR remained believers
Twelfth Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Sergius (1943-1944). In 1943, the patriarchate was restored, churches and monasteries were partially returned.
Concessions to power were limited and forced, but church life in the 1940s. visibly revived.
Slide 17
7. FOREVER NINETEEN
Among the front-line soldiers born in 1922, 1923 and 1924, three percent returned from the war (only three people out of a hundred).
Pavel Kogan
Mikhail Kulchitsky
1. The art of the war years. Introduction
2. Music
3. Literature
4.ISO. Painting
Graphic arts
5. Cinematography
6. Campaign teams
7. Conclusion
8. Task
The art of the war years.
The Great Patriotic War is one of the brightest and most tragic pages in the history of Russia. The war, which became the greatest test for the Soviet people, awakened in people best qualities. The upsurge of patriotic feelings caused by the war became a powerful stimulus for creativity. Artists, poets, composers could not stand aside when all the people stood up to defend the Fatherland. Literature from the first days of the war became the most important ideological and spiritual weapon in the fight against the enemy. Many writers went to the front as war correspondents.
Many poems were set to music and became songs
"In the dugout" A. A. Surkov
Which of the former front-line soldiers does not remember one of the most famous songs of the Great Patriotic War - "In the dugout". Its authors are the poet Alexey Surkov and composer Konstantin Listov. When the poet wrote the poem “Fire is beating in a cramped stove”, he did not even think that it could become a song.
Indeed, Surkov wrote them in a dugout, “in the snow-white fields near Moscow”, in the Istra region, at the end of November 1941, under the vivid impression of a very difficult day, when the author, a correspondent for a front-line newspaper, had to fight a hard battle with the headquarters of one of the guards units the Nazis.
« Wait for me" - poem Konstantin Simonov. Written in July-August 1941. Dedicated to the actress Valentina Serova
The poem was not originally intended for publication - as too personal; nevertheless, Simonov repeatedly read it to his friends, and based on their feedback in late 1941 - early 1942, he nevertheless agreed to give it to print. For some reason, a number of newspapers refused to publish the poem, and for the first time it was printed in " Pravda » January 14 1942 on the third lane
Wait for me and I will come back, All deaths out of spite. Who did not wait for me, let him He will say: - Lucky. Do not understand those who did not wait for them, Like in the middle of a fire Waiting for your You saved me How I survived, we will know Only you and I - You just knew how to wait Like no one else.
Wait for me and I will come back. Just wait a lot Wait for sadness yellow rain, Wait for the snow to come Wait when it's hot Wait when others are not expected Forgetting yesterday. Wait when from distant places Letters will not come Wait until you get bored To all who are waiting together.
Wait for me and I will come back, don't wish well To everyone who knows by heart It's time to forget. Let the son and mother believe That there is no me Let friends get tired of waiting They sit by the fire Drink bitter wine For the soul... Wait. And along with them Don't rush to drink.
The military theme found expression in easel works
S. V. Gerasimov "Mother of a partisan" (1943).
In an episode of a dramatic clash between a patriotic woman and an invader, the artist showed the courage inherent in Soviet people, stamina in the struggle, born of a firm belief in the inevitability of the victory of light and reason over barbarism, darkness and obscurantism.
A. A. Plastov "The Nazi flew by" (1942),
It is difficult to say that the artist Plastov was an eyewitness to such a scene. Perhaps he had never seen such an episode. But that's not the point. Severe pain and anger overwhelmed the artist's heart. Soviet people perished at the hands of fascist fiends. War brought blood, death and tears. She burst into the far corners of Russia, came to peaceful fields. Villages blazed in the fire of conflagrations, cities were destroyed. It was 1941. The enemy was approaching Moscow.
A. A. Deineka "Defense of Sevastopol" (1942),
A. Deineka did not specifically choose any separate, single episode of the defense of the city, because he intended to create a generalizing image, to raise it to the symbol of the national epic. Maybe exactly such a battle did not take place on the embankment of Sevastopol, but there were hundreds of similar ones, and the artist created a monumental-epic canvas, managing to summarize the heroism of the great war in it.
Theatrical and concert brigades went to the front line.
Master of the artistic word Yakhontov V.N. speaks to the Red Navy team on board the destroyer Black Sea Fleet. 1945
Speech by Claudia Shulzhenko to the soldiers of the N-th part of the Leningrad Front. 1941
Theater artists. Evg. Vakhtangov veterans. 1943
In the spiritual confrontation with the fascist aggressors, art played a special role. Works of visual, musical art, literature and cinema, created in the spirit of the best cultural traditions countries, helped millions of people to realize their place in the general system. The patriotic principle dominated in the works of those years. The memory of the people is indestructible, it keeps the most tragic and at the same time glorious pages of the history of the country.
It is art that has powerful means impact on people, because it affects primarily the sensual sphere. And in the next decades, Russians should be guided by the lines of Robert Rozhdestvensky: NOBODY IS FORGOTTEN, NOTHING IS FORGOTTEN. Only then the country has the right to be called great if the people living on its territory remember and honor their history.
Check the statements for which you can
answer in the affirmative
1. Art cannot develop during the war
2. "Military" art should only be about war
3. During the war in art
dominated by patriotism
4. "Military" art is not interesting
people in peacetime
5. "Military" art should
touch people's senses
6. "Military" art helps people
realize your place in the general ranks
