Revaluation of items of fixed assets is carried out according to. Revaluation of fixed assets under the new rules (with examples). Reflection of revaluation results in financial statements

Basic tangible and intangible assets constantly change their residual value. The majority gradually lose it, transferring it to the products produced with their help - amortizing. But there are also situations when, as a result of modernization or improvement, a particular asset increases in value. In addition, the company renews its tangible assets, acquiring new ones instead of worn out ones, and expands their base. One way or another, the value of the main assets of an enterprise is a parameter that is constantly in dynamics, which means that it requires regular analytical and accounting.

It is important that this parameter is in real accordance with the market characteristics of the value in order to reflect the true residual value in the accounting documents, and not simply expressed in certain numbers.

In the article, we will highlight the essence of the procedure for revaluation of the organization's main property assets, how it occurs in accordance with the latest legislative innovations, and also show how this is done using a specific example.

The essence of the revaluation of fixed assets

The property of the enterprise changes its value over time as a result of wear and tear (physical and / or moral). In parallel, market processes are taking place, changing the price of various assets at different rates: real estate, equipment, instruments, Vehicle etc. The revaluation is carried out just in order to bring these data to a single indicator.

The dynamics of the market value of assets is very uneven, it is difficult to assess it from the point of view of certain factors, therefore the value of the property at any given moment does not reflect its real price in modern conditions market. Hence, significant distortions in different parameters of assets are possible:

• cost price;
• depreciation charges;
• profitability of funds;
• bases for taxation.

So, revaluation of the organization's fixed assets- these are clarifying measures to bring the residual value of assets to the level of their actual price on the market, that is, to establish the full price that would be needed for their restoration or renovation to their original state in modern realities.

FOR EXAMPLE. Two years ago, the company purchased new equipment, which cost 50,000 rubles. For two years it has lost 7 thousand rubles as a result of amortization. Thus, its residual value according to accounting documents will amount to 43 thousand rubles. But as a result of certain market processes (the manufacturer released an improved model), the real cost of such equipment of this level of wear on the market is only 35 thousand rubles. This means that today it can be sold for this very amount. It is necessary to make a revaluation, as a result of which this equipment will be reflected on the balance sheet at a cost of 35 thousand rubles, which is its real market price, reliable in financial accounting.

Is it necessary to overestimate funds

According to clause 15 of PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets", approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 26n dated March 30, 2001, an enterprise has the right, but is not obliged to revalue its property. The obligation of this procedure in Russian Federation abolished in 1997.

The legislative procedure for the revaluation of property funds is set out in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 256 "Depreciable property", as well as in Art. 257 "Procedure for determining the initial cost of depreciable property". According to the regulations, the following conditions must be observed:

• having carried out a reassessment once, the firm must do this procedure regularly, but not more often than once a year (this becomes a duty);
• the result of the revaluation in the documents must be reflected at the end of the reporting period (before 2011 it was at the beginning);
• revaluation objects must be owned by the organization;
• the revaluation procedure must be approved in the accounting policy of the organization;
• the beginning of the revaluation process is initiated by an order for the enterprise and the compilation of a statement of revalued objects;
• commercial enterprises leave the question of the independence of the revaluation or the involvement of third parties for this at their own discretion.

Targets and goals

In accounting practice, the revaluation of fixed assets of an enterprise is carried out in order to:

• determine the adequate market value of this main asset;
• to attract investment partners (for example, for collateral value for lending);
• with the prospects of increasing the authorized capital;
• with plans for restructuring;
• to clarify the cost and price of manufactured products (within the framework of financial analysis);
• to avoid a fall in the market value of assets below the authorized capital (this threatens the liquidation of the company);
• if you need to provide financial statements according to international standards;
• when insuring property (the insurance base is being specified);
• the ability to reduce property tax (for companies with low profits), since the cost of fixed assets on the balance sheet will decrease;
• a decrease in the income tax base (for profitable organizations) as a result of an increase in depreciation charges, if the cost of fixed assets after revaluation increases.

What kind of property can be overestimated

Revaluation of fixed assets can be made in relation to:

• working equipment;
• real estate - buildings and structures, including unfinished ones;
• devices, machine tools, tools;
• computing technology;
• Vehicle;
• various inventory;
• equipment that is just prepared for installation;
• any fixed assets that are this moment not valid, but not written off from the balance sheet (on conservation, in reserve, prepared for write-off, etc.).

Materiality of revaluation of fixed assets

The requirement of materiality is set out in clause 44 of the "Methodological instructions on the accounting of fixed assets", approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2010 No. 91n. It states that the cost of revalued fixed assets reflected on the balance sheet must differ materially from the original, otherwise there is no point in revaluing. The materiality barrier is conventionally set at 5% (according to the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n), each organization has the right to independently establish it in the accounting policy, fixing it in local acts.

FOR EXAMPLE. LLC "Brigantina" made a decision to revalue the main assets. According to the balance sheet at the end of the previous reporting year, the cost of fixed assets was 2,000,000 rubles. (assume that the OS group is homogeneous). After the revaluation, the current (replacement) value of assets amounted to 2,200,000 rubles. The difference is 2,200,000 - 2,000,000 = 200,000 rubles, which is 10%, recognized as a significant difference, therefore, these changes should be reflected in the balance sheet.

If replacement cost amounted to RUB 2,020,000, the resulting difference would not have been recognized as significant and the revaluation decision would not have been made.

What is needed to conduct a revaluation

Before starting the procedure for re-evaluating the fixed assets, you need to carry out a number of preparatory measures, such as:

1. Checking the availability of fixed assets subject to revaluation. This stage ends with the compilation of a statement with a list of revalued objects.
2. Making a revaluation decision and documenting it. Issuance of an order on the organization for all services that will take part in this process. The text of the order should reflect the following features:
   • objects subject to revaluation;
   • method of revaluation (method, method of reflection on the balance sheet);
   • persons responsible for the conduct and execution of the revaluation.
3. Collection and adoption of the necessary related information:
   • information on the level of market prices for similar fixed assets (according to statistical data, information from trade inspections, etc.);
   • market value data from the media and special literary sources;
   • information about the cost of products of partners and competitors;
   • expert opinions.

Revaluation methods

The law defines two possible methods for changing the book value of fixed assets:

• indexing- the cost of fixed assets is adjusted based on special statistical deflator indices;
• direct recalculation against real market prices- it is used more often, since at present Rosstat does not publish on a regular basis the statistical indices required to apply the first method.

NOTE! If this or that fixed asset has already been revalued, then further for this procedure, recalculation is required at its replacement cost, taking into account the accrued depreciation amount during the use of this property.

Revaluation results

The result of the revaluation of assets may be an increase or decrease in value compared to the market value. Thus, on the balance sheet one of two procedures provided for by law can be carried out: revaluation or markdown, after which the replacement cost on the balance sheet will be taken as the original one.

OS reassessment

If the replacement value turned out to be greater than the residual value, then this fixed asset must be revalued.

The amount by which the value of an asset or a group of assets was increased is credited to the additional capital of the company. In previous years, the amount of depreciation deductions that amounted to a markdown and passed through the balance sheet as “other expenses” had to be equal to the accrued revaluation and be included in “other income”.

Balance postings:

• debit 01, credit 83 / 91.1 - the amount of the initial cost of the fixed asset has been increased;
• debit 83 / 91.1, credit 02 - the amount of depreciation charges for this fixed asset has been increased.

OS markdown

It is performed if, based on the results of indexation or recalculation, the replacement value is less than the residual value.

This amount is referred to “other expenses”: it reduces the additional capital of the organization, which was formed due to the revaluation of this fixed asset in other periods. The amount for which the excess was obtained is the markdown. It is charged to “other expenses”.

Balance sheet transactions:

• debit 83 / 91.1, credit 01 - the initial cost of the fixed asset has been reduced;
• debit 02, credit 83 / 91.1 - the accrued depreciation of fixed assets has been reduced.

ATTENTION! If, as a result of the revaluation, an item of fixed assets completely loses its value and is subject to write-off, its disposal is made out and is reflected in the “other expenses”. In this case, the amount of its revaluation should be transferred to the retained earnings of the organization.

Impact on tax accounting

From the point of view of taxation, neither the revaluation nor the depreciation of fixed assets affect the amount of income or expense of the organization, since the funds were not actually spent or purchased. Therefore, income tax on the revaluation results will not change. This is reflected in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and in the letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 8, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/412, dated September 8, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/544.

ATTENTION! The Tax Code provides for a change in the value of fixed assets only in cases clearly defined by law, such as reconstruction, modernization, liquidation, etc. (part 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Revaluation is not included in this list.

However, the revaluation will affect the tax base calculated for the payment of property tax.

Therefore, in accounting and tax accounting, the depreciation amount for a given fixed asset or a homogeneous group will be reflected in different ways. Such a permanent difference causes the appearance of a permanent tax asset (clause 7 of PBU 18/02).

Revaluation factor

This indicator is the ratio of the real (replacement) cost of fixed assets to the original.

Sometimes the revaluation coefficient is called the deflator index developed by Rosstat for revaluation using the indexation method. Within the framework of this method, the initial cost of fixed assets had to be multiplied by the coefficient established by Rosstat for this group, valid for the required period. These coefficients were regularly published by Rosstat specifically for the needs of the revaluation. Rosstat developed them based on the prices of manufacturing firms, and for real estate objects - on the basis of prices for construction and installation work in various regions.

Today, the indexation method has not been officially canceled, but in fact it has lost its force, since Rosstat has ceased to publish the regular dynamics of statistical deflator indices. An enterprise is not prohibited from applying indexation during revaluation, but at the same time it must establish the index either independently or by contacting Rosstat on a paid basis. Therefore, in practice, with the modern revaluation of fixed assets, the method of direct recalculation is almost universally used.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! Since from the point of view of the law there is a choice between the method of indexing and direct recalculation when revaluing fixed assets, then it should be reflected in the accounting policy of a particular organization.

If the company has decided to expand its business and take out a loan, increase its authorized capital or prepare the company for sale and purchase, it is necessary to know the market value of the property. The surest way to find out the "true value" of fixed assets is to revalue them. At the same time, it must be carried out taking into account the new rules.

Organizations can revaluate fixed assets (clause 15 of PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets", approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n; hereinafter - PBU 6/01). The main goal of this measure is to determine the real value of fixed assets in accordance with their market prices and reproduction conditions at the date of revaluation.

It is up to the company to revalue property or not. However, it is worth remembering: if the company has carried out a reassessment of the OS once, then in the future it should be carried out regularly, but not more often than once a year. This condition is necessary so that the cost of the specified fixed assets, according to which they are reflected in the accounting and reporting, does not differ materially from the current (replacement) cost. The concept of materiality is given in clause 44 of the Methodological Instructions on the Accounting of Fixed Assets (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2010 No. 91n, hereinafter - Instructions No. 91n) and is considered by example. Let's give it.

Example 1

LLC Albatros decided to revalue fixed assets. The cost of fixed assets at the end of the previous reporting year amounted to 1,000,000 rubles. The current (replacement) cost of objects of this homogeneous group at the end of the reporting year is 1,100,000 rubles. The resulting difference is recognized as significant: (1,100,000 - 1,000,000) / 1,000,000 = 0.1.

Consider the same example, provided that the current (replacement) cost is 1,030,000 rubles. In this case, the revaluation decision is not made, since the resulting difference is not significant: (1,030,000 - 1,000,000): 1,000,000 = 0.03.

However, it is not entirely clear from these calculations why a deviation of 10 percent is considered significant, and 3 percent is not. Probably, the legislator implies a 5% materiality barrier, mentioned in the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and submitting financial statements (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n, as amended by orders of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 31, 2004 No. 135n, dated September 18, 2006 No. 115n).

Preparatory work before revaluation

In order to carry out a revaluation, the organization must carry out preparatory work - for example, check the existence of the items of fixed assets themselves subject to revaluation.

The decision to conduct a revaluation is formalized by an appropriate administrative document. Its use is mandatory for all services of an economic entity that will be involved in the revaluation.

The revaluation is carried out at the current (replacement) value by indexation or direct recalculation at confirmed market prices.

In order to determine the current (replacement) cost, you must use:

• data on similar products received from manufacturing organizations;
• information on the level of prices available to statistics authorities, trade inspections and organizations;
• information about the price level published in the media mass media and special literature;

Important

The revaluation is carried out at the current (replacement) cost by indexing or direct recalculation at confirmed market prices (clause 15 of PBU 6/01).

Since January 1, 2011, by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 24, 2010 No. 186n, amendments have been made to paragraph 49 of the Regulations for the maintenance of accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n), paragraphs 43 - 47 Instructions No. 91n. According to these innovations, the revaluation of fixed assets should be carried out no more than once a year and at the end of the reporting period. Previously, it had to be carried out at the beginning of the reporting period (clause 49 of the "Regulations on accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation", approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998, No. 34n).

Revaluation accounting

When revaluing items of fixed assets, their initial cost is recalculated, and if these items were revalued earlier - their current (replacement) cost at which they are accounted for in accounting as of the date of revaluation. The amount of depreciation accrued for the entire period of use of the facility is also subject to revaluation.

Note that in case of revaluation, the initial cost may change either upward (revaluation) or downward (markdown). It all depends on whether this object has been revalued before or not. As a result, the reflection of such a revaluation in accounting will also be different.

If the object has not been reevaluated before, then:

• the amount of its revaluation is credited to the additional capital and is shown on the credit of account 83 “Additional capital”;
• the amount of his markdown is charged to the account of other income and expenses, with reflection on the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”.

Previously, such amounts of the markdown were written off to account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)".

If the revaluation of fixed assets has already been carried out earlier, then in accounting these operations will be reflected differently. Let's represent this in the form of a table.

Table 1

As you can see from the table, the revaluation of fixed assets is reflected in different ways in accounting. Let's consider some cases with examples.

Example 2

As of December 31, 2011, according to the decision of the head, the organization carried out a revaluation of fixed assets. According to accounting data before revaluation:

• initial cost of fixed assets - 500,000 rubles;
• the amount of depreciation charged on it - 100,000 rubles.

450 000: 500 000 = 0,9.

100,000 * 0.9 = 90,000 rubles.

Markdown amount:

500,000 - 450,000 = 50,000 rubles.

Amount of depreciation discounted:

100,000 - 90,000 = 10,000 rubles.

In accounting, these operations will be reflected as follows:

Debit 91.2 Credit 01

RUB 50,000 - the amount of the depreciation of the initial cost of the fixed asset is reflected;

Debit 02 Credit 91.1

RUB 10,000 - previously accrued depreciation has been reduced.

Consider more difficult cases accounting when an item of fixed assets, for example, was subject to depreciation, and subsequently was revalued.

Example 3

Silver LLC, by the decision of the head of the organization, carried out a revaluation of fixed assets at the beginning of 2011.

According to the accounting data, the data on the fixed asset were as follows:

initial cost - 400,000 rubles;

current value - 350,000 rubles;

depreciation - 80,000 rubles;

term useful use OS - 10 years;

depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis.

350 000: 400 000 = 0,875.

The restated depreciation amount will be:

80,000 * 0.875 = 70,000 rubles.

Depreciation markdown:

80,000 - 70,000 = 10,000 rubles.

Fixed asset depreciation:

400,000 - 350,000 = 50,000 rubles.

The total amount of the markdown will be:

50,000 - 10,000 = 40,000 rubles.

The initial data can be presented as follows:

OS cost - 350,000 rubles;

current value - 450,000 rubles;

depreciation for the year amounted to 40,000 rubles.

The amortization amount was:

70,000 + 40,000 = 110,000 rubles.

Let's calculate the coefficient of revaluation of the fixed asset:

450 000:350 000 = 1,3.

Restated depreciation amount:

1.3 * 110,000 = 143,000 rubles;

The amount of revaluation of fixed assets:

450,000 - 350,000 = 100,000 rubles.

Amount of revaluation depreciation:

143,000 - 110,000 = 33,000 rubles.

Total revaluation amount:

100,000 - 33,000 = 67,000 rubles.

Note:

At the beginning of the year, the amount of the markdown in accounting is reflected according to the old rules, namely, on account 84 "Retained earnings (uncovered loss)" and has the following form:

Debit 84 Credit 01

RUB 50,000 - the amount of the initial revaluation of the value of the fixed asset;

Debit 02 Credit 84

RUB 10,000 - the amount of the depreciation markdown.

However, at the end of the year, the following rules apply: the sum of the revaluation of an object of fixed assets in an amount equal to the previous markdown is credited to the account for accounting for other income and expenses (account 91). And the excess amount is charged to the additional capital account. Let's reflect this in accounting as follows:

Debit 01 Credit 91.1

RUB 50,000 - revaluation of fixed assets within the amount of the previous markdown;

Debit 91.2 Credit 02

RUB 10,000 - revaluation of depreciation within the limits of the markdown carried out;

Debit 01 Credit 83

RUB 50,000 (100,000 -50,000) - revaluation of replacement cost

in excess of the amount of the previous markdown;

Debit 83 Credit 02

RUB 23,000 (33,000 - 10,000) - revaluation of depreciation in excess of the amount of the previous markdown.

Let us represent in the form of a table the operations associated with revaluation.

table 2

However, the opposite case to the above is possible. That is, a markdown is being carried out, and an additional assessment was carried out earlier.

Example 4

LLC "Albatross" at the beginning of the year overestimated the fixed asset. It was overvalued. The initial data for such an object is presented as follows:

• initial cost - 200,000 rubles;
• current value - 250,000 rubles;
• accrued depreciation - 40,000 rubles.

The asset has a useful life of 10 years and is depreciated on a straight-line basis.

Let's calculate the revaluation coefficient:

250 000: 200 000 = 1,25.

Restated depreciation amount:

40,000 * 1.25 = 50,000 rubles.

The amount of revalued depreciation would be:

50,000 - 40,000 = 10,000 rubles.

The amount of the revaluation of fixed assets:

250,000 - 200,000 = 50,000 rubles.

The total amount of the revaluation will be:

50,000 - 10,000 = 40,000 rubles.

At the end of 2011 (December 31, 2011) the property, plant and equipment were revalued as a markdown. Let's present the data on the object at the end of 2011:

• depreciation charged for the year - 20,000 rubles.
• fixed asset value - 250,000 rubles.
• current value - 150,000 rubles.

Let's calculate the revaluation coefficient:

150 000:250 0000 = 0,6.

Accumulated depreciation:

40,000 + 20,000 = 60,000 rubles.

Let's recalculate depreciation:

60,000 * 0.6 = 36,000 rubles.

The markdown amount will be:

250,000 - 150,000 = 100,000 rubles.

Total markdown amount:

100,000 - 36,000 = 64,000 rubles.

At the beginning of the year, operations for revaluation of fixed assets will be reflected in accounting as follows:

Debit 01 Credit 83

RUB 50,000 - revalued OS;

Debit 83 Credit 02

RUB 10,000 - revaluation of depreciation for fixed assets.

At the end of 2011, as we remember, the fixed asset was discounted. In this case, the following rules for reflecting the revaluation in accounting will apply, namely: the amount of the revaluation, equal to the amount of its markdown, carried out in previous reporting periods, is credited to the accounts for accounting for other income and expenses (account 91). If the revaluation exceeds the amount of the previous markdown, then this amount must be attributed to account 83 "Additional capital".

Let's reflect the results of the given example in the form of the following transactions:

Debit 83 Credit 01

RUB 50,000 - depreciation of the cost of fixed assets within the amount of the revaluation carried out;

Debit 02 Credit 83

RUB 10,000 - depreciation markdown within the revaluation carried out;

Debit 91.2 Credit 01

RUB 50,000 (100,000 - 50,000) - markdown present value OS in terms of excess over the previously carried out reassessment;

Debit 02 Credit 91.1

RUB 26,000 (36,000 - 10,000) - markdown of depreciation of fixed assets within the limits of the revaluation carried out earlier.

Tax accounting

We would like to draw your attention to the fact that the results of revaluations carried out by an organization in accounting are not reflected in the tax code, since the Tax Code determines that when a taxpayer revaluates (depreciates) the value of fixed assets by market value, a positive or negative amount of such revaluation (markdown ) is not recognized as income (expense) accounted for for tax purposes. The Ministry of Finance of Russia adheres to a similar position in letters dated July 8, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/412, dated September 8, 2011 No. 03-03-06 / 1/544.

Thus, the results of the revaluation of fixed assets are reflected in the accounting records, but for the purposes of taxation of profits, the revaluation results are not taken into account.

Special rules

The Tax Code stipulates that the initial cost of fixed assets can only change in cases of completion, retrofitting, reconstruction, modernization, technical re-equipment, partial liquidation and other similar reasons (clause 2 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The article does not say anything about revaluation.

Yu.L. Ternovka, expert editor

Debit 99 subaccount "Permanent tax liabilities (assets)" Credit 68 subaccount "Calculations of income tax"
- a permanent tax liability was taken into account with the difference between monthly depreciation deductions for accounting and tax accounting purposes.

If the fixed asset has been discounted, then in accounting the monthly amount of depreciation deductions will be less than in tax accounting. In this case, reflect the permanent tax asset in accounting:

Debit 68 subaccount "Calculations of income tax" Credit 99 subaccount "Permanent tax liabilities (assets)"
- a permanent tax asset is taken into account with the difference between monthly depreciation charges for accounting and tax accounting purposes.

This procedure follows from clause 7 of PBU 18/02.

OSNO: property tax

Consider the results of the revaluation of fixed assets when calculating property tax. This is due to the fact that the tax base for property tax is determined as the residual value of the fixed asset, formed according to accounting data (clause 1 of article 375 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). That is, taking into account its revaluation.

Situation: from when do you need to increase (decrease) the residual value of the fixed asset after its revaluation to calculate the property tax?

Consider the results of the revaluation when calculating the tax (average annual property value) of the reporting year in which it was carried out (clause 4 of article 376 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

This is due to the fact that the residual value of a fixed asset for calculating property tax must be determined according to the rules of accounting (clause 1 of article 375 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In accounting, the cost of fixed assets is revalued as of December 31 of the reporting year (clause 15 of PBU 6/01, clause 43 of the Methodological Instructions approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 13, 2003 No. 91n).

Until January 1, 2011, the revaluation was carried out at the beginning of the reporting year. New order published on March 28, 2011 and is valid from January 1, 2011 (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 14, 2011 No. 07-02-06 / 106). There were no transitional provisions in connection with the introduction of changes in the procedure for the revaluation of fixed assets in the legislation. Therefore, when calculating property tax for 2011, it is necessary to take into account the results of the revaluation of fixed assets carried out as of January 1 and December 31, 2011. At the same time, the tax base for property tax for previous years does not need to be recalculated.

Similar conclusions are contained in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 25, 2011 No. 03-05-05-01 / 84.

STS

The results of the revaluation of fixed assets do not affect the calculation of the tax base of organizations in the simplified form. This is explained by the fact that the sums of the revaluation (markdown) of the cost of fixed assets are not included in the income (expenses) accounted for for tax purposes (Articles 346.15 and 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). A similar point of view is reflected in paragraph 1 of the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 20, 2006 No. 03-11-04 / 2/9.

UTII

The object of taxation of UTII is imputed income (clause 1 of article 346.29 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Therefore, the amount of revaluation (markdown) of the cost of fixed assets does not affect the calculation of the tax base.

OSNO and UTII

The main asset can be used in the activities of an organization taxed with UTII, and activities with which the organization pays taxes under the general taxation system. In this case, for the purposes of calculating property tax the residual value of the fixed asset, taking into account its revaluations, must be distributed (Clause 7 of Art. 346.26 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The cost of a fixed asset used in one activity of an organization does not need to be allocated.

How are the results of the first revaluation of an item of fixed assets (fixed assets) reflected in the accounting, if its depreciation has been made, and further depreciation for this item of fixed assets?

The production organization for the first time performed a revaluation of the fixed asset - an administrative building, the initial cost of which, according to accounting and tax accounting data, amounted to 18,770,000 rubles, the amount of accrued depreciation as of the date of reflection of the revaluation results - 2,932,812.60 rubles. Based on the report of an independent appraiser, the current (replacement) cost of the building at the end of the reporting year is 15,130,850 rubles.

In accounting and tax accounting, the useful life of an asset is 384 months, depreciation is charged on a straight-line basis (method). According to the accounting policy for tax purposes, the depreciation amounts of fixed assets used for management needs are referred to as indirect costs. In tax accounting, the accrual method is used.

Accounting

Fixed assets are accepted for accounting at their initial cost, which is the amount of actual costs for their acquisition, construction and manufacture, excluding VAT and other reimbursable taxes (clauses 7, 8 of the Accounting Regulations "Accounting for Fixed Assets" PBU 6/01 , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 N 26n).

The cost of fixed assets is repaid by means of depreciation (clause 17 of PBU 6/01).

Changes in the initial value of fixed assets, in which they are accepted for accounting, are allowed, including in the case of revaluation of fixed assets (paragraph 2, clause 14 of PBU 6/01).

Revaluation of fixed assets is carried out in order to determine the real value of fixed assets by bringing the initial value of fixed assets in accordance with their market prices and reproduction conditions as of the date of revaluation (paragraph 3, clause 41 of the Methodological Guidelines for the Accounting of Fixed Assets, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 13.10 .2003 N 91н (hereinafter - Methodical instructions)).

A commercial organization may, no more than once a year (at the end of the reporting year), revalue groups of similar fixed assets at the current (replacement) cost by indexing or direct recalculation at documented market prices (clause 15 of PBU 6/01, clause 43 of the Methodological Instructions ).

Note that when deciding on revaluation for such fixed assets, it should be borne in mind that in the future they are revalued regularly so that the cost of fixed assets for which they are reflected in accounting and reporting does not materially differ from the current (replacement) value (paragraph 2 p. 15 PBU 6/01).

The revaluation of a fixed asset is made by recalculating its initial value or current (replacement) value, if this object was revalued earlier, and the amount of depreciation accrued for the entire period of use of the object (paragraph 3, clause 15 of PBU 6/01). V this case since the asset has not been revalued before, the original cost of the asset is recalculated.

The amount of the depreciation of the fixed asset as a result of the revaluation is referred to the financial result as other expenses (paragraph 6, clause 15 of PBU 6/01, paragraph 2, clause 48 of the Methodological Instructions).

The procedure for calculating and reflecting the amount of the markdown on the accounting accounts is explained in clause 48 of the Methodological Instructions.

The difference between the initial and replacement cost of the object (markdown) is 3,639,150 rubles. (18,770,000 rubles - 15,130,850 rubles). The recalculated depreciation is RUB 2,364,195.39. (2,932,812.60 rubles x 15,130,850 rubles / 18,770,000 rubles). The difference between accumulated and recalculated depreciation amounts to RUB 568,617.21. (2,932,812.60 rubles - 2,364,195.39 rubles).

The cost of revalued fixed assets is recognized as at 31 December of the year at the end of which the revaluation was carried out. At the same time, the comparative data of the financial statements for the period (periods) preceding (preceding) the reporting period do not change (Appendix to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 29, 2014 N 07-04-18 / 01).

In the future, the calculation of depreciation (from January of the next year) is made based on the replacement cost and the depreciation rate calculated based on the useful life of this object (paragraph 2, clause 19 of PBU 6/01).

Depreciation deductions from the cost of a fixed asset (administrative building) are included in expenses for ordinary activities as administrative expenses. Note that management costs can be attributed to the cost of production in full in the fact reporting period, in which they are recognized, if such a procedure is provided for by the accounting policy (clauses 5, 7, 9, 16, 20 of the Accounting Regulations "Organization expenses" PBU 10/99, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.05.1999 N 33n, clause 7 of the Regulation on accounting "Accounting policy of the organization" (PBU 1/2008), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.10.2008 N 106n). In this consultation, we proceed from the condition that management costs form the cost of production in the reporting period of their recognition.

Accounting records for the reflection of the considered transactions are made taking into account the above, as well as the rules established by the Instruction for the application of the Chart of accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n, and are shown below in the posting table.

Corporate income tax

The initial cost of the fixed asset is repaid by calculating depreciation, in this case, within 384 months on a monthly basis (starting from the month following the month when the fixed asset was put into operation) in the amount of 48,880.21 rubles. (18,770,000 rubles x 1/384 months). This follows from paragraph 4 of Art. 259, paragraph 2 of Art. 259.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Amounts of accrued depreciation are taken into account in the costs associated with production and sales (clause 3, clause 2 of article 253, clause 3 of article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, in accordance with the accounting policy for tax purposes, the depreciation amounts for fixed assets used for management needs are indirect costs that are fully related to the costs of the current reporting (tax) period (paragraphs 9, 10 p. 1, p. . 2 article 318 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The positive (negative) amount of revaluation of fixed assets is not recognized as income (expense) accounted for for tax purposes, and is not accepted when determining the replacement cost of depreciable property and when calculating depreciation accounted for for tax purposes in accordance with Ch. 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (paragraph 6, clause 1 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

For more on this issue, see The Practical Guide to Income Tax.

Application of PBU 18/02

The amount of the depreciation of the fixed asset (taking into account the depreciation adjustment) is involved in the formation of accounting profit (loss) and does not affect the tax base for income tax. At the same time, the total amount of expenses in the form of markdowns and accrued depreciation for an asset that form the accounting profit (loss) for the entire period of its use will coincide with the amount of expenses in the form of depreciation of this asset that reduce the tax base for income tax.

Taking into account the clarifications contained in clauses 6, 7, 8, 9 of Interpretation P82 "Temporary differences in income tax" (approved by the Accounting Methodological Center on 15.10.2008), the difference arising from the depreciation of fixed assets is recognized as a deductible temporary difference , which leads to the emergence of a deferred tax asset (SHA) (clauses 11, 14 of the Accounting Regulations "Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax" PBU 18/02, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 N 114n).

The excess of the amount of depreciation charged monthly in tax accounting over the amount of depreciation charged in accounting after reflecting the results of the revaluation, leads to a decrease (repayment) of the previously arisen SHE (clause 17 of PBU 18/02).

* The current (replacement) cost of fixed assets is understood as the amount Money, which must be paid by the organization on the date of the revaluation if it is necessary to replace any object (paragraph 2, clause 43 of the Methodological Instructions).

When determining the current (replacement) cost, the following can be used: data on similar products received from manufacturing organizations; information on the price level available from state statistics bodies, trade inspections and organizations; information about the price level published in the mass media and special literature; assessment of the bureau of technical inventory; expert opinions on the current (replacement) cost of fixed assets (paragraph 4, clause 43 of the Methodological Guidelines). In this case, the assessment of the current (replacement) value of the fixed asset was made independent appraiser... Valuer accounting transactions are not considered in this consultation and the corresponding entries in the posting table are not provided.

** Note that a different approach can be applied to the difference arising from the markdown, as well as to the monthly differences arising after the markdown between the depreciation amounts accrued in accounting and tax accounting. Due to the fact that for the purposes of taxation of profits, the revaluation results are not taken into account, when recognizing these expenses and income in accounting, permanent differences and the corresponding permanent tax liabilities and permanent tax assets (PNA) are formed (clauses 4, 7 of PBU 18 / 02). Accordingly, the amount of the excess of expenses in the form of depreciation, recognized in tax accounting, over expenses recognized in accounting, after the devaluation, also results in permanent differences and the corresponding PNA (clauses 4, 7 of PBU 18/02).

Note that the option of reflecting differences in accordance with PBU 18/02 is the subject of professional judgment of the accountant and is enshrined in the organization's accounting policy (clause 7 of PBU 1/2008).

Revaluation of fixed assets is the procedure for bringing the value of fixed assets to the level of current market prices. We will tell you what is the procedure for revaluation of fixed assets, and how to reflect the revaluation made in accounting.

The essence of the revaluation of fixed assets

Items of fixed assets are taken into account at the purchase price. But according to clause 14 of PBU 6/01, the initial cost may change over time due to various procedures: completion, reconstruction, modernization, assessment. Revaluation of property, plant and equipment 2019 updates the original cost of the objects. It is carried out in connection with a change in the current level of market prices. Based on the revaluation, the current (replacement) value of fixed assets is determined in accordance with the established reproduction conditions and market prices at the time of revaluation (clause 41 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 91n of 13.10.2003).

The legal regulation of revaluation is provided by the following normative acts:

• PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets";
• Methodological guidelines for accounting of fixed assets - Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 91n dated 13.10.2003;
• Order No. 186n dated 12.24.2010.

Every organization has the right to carry out a revaluation, but this is not an obligation. But if the institution once organized a revaluation, then in the future it will have to authorize it regularly so that the dynamics of the replacement cost is not sharp. If significant changes in prices for the reporting year were not identified, then the procedure can be omitted (clause 44 of Order No. 91n).

A revaluation is organized no more than once a year as of the end of the financial period, that is, on December 31 (clause 15 of PBU 6/01). In 2019, the revaluation of fixed assets should be carried out on 31.12.2019. All property funds that are included in one classification (grouping) must be sent for the procedure.

Order of conduct

The procedure and methods of revaluation should be prescribed by each institution in its accounting policies. To organize a revaluation and reflect the results in accounting, it is necessary to prepare information:

• on the initial or replacement cost determined at the previous revaluation, as of December 31 of the reporting period;
• on the amount of accrued depreciation for the entire useful life of the object - as of 31.12;
• documents securing the value of the current replacement cost of revalued fixed assets - as of 31.12.

Then you need to decide on the methods:

1. By initial cost - the volume of the actual price of the funds is revealed minus VAT and other taxes.
2. At the current (replacement) cost - the value of the reproduction of fixed assets is calculated.

When the procedure is completed, its results must be reflected by postings in accounting.

Documenting

To reassess, the manager needs to issue a formal order. The order is formed on the company letterhead. The head of the document contains the contact information of the company: address, phone number, Email and the site.

In the order, it is necessary to indicate all groups of funds that are planned to be reassessed, and those employees who will be appointed responsible for the procedure. In addition, an appendix to the order should be drawn up - a list of property objects that are subject to revaluation. The list must indicate not only the name of the fixed asset, but also the date of its acquisition, commissioning and the date of acceptance for accounting.

The final results of the revaluation of fixed assets must be formalized with the following documents:

1. Revaluation act, which will be signed by all members of the commission. All primary documents establishing the value of revalued assets must be attached to it.
2. Inventory card of the object according to the OS-6 form.

Revaluation depreciation recalculation rules

If, after the revaluation, the initial or replacement cost of the fixed asset changes, the accountant must recalculate the depreciation as of December 31 of the accounting period in which the property was revalued.

Let's present the step-by-step actions of a specialist in the table:

The amount of change is posted to account 02 "Depreciation of Fixed Assets" in correspondence with the following accounts:

• 83 "Additional capital";
• 91.2 "Other income and expenses".

If the amount of the change increases the previously accrued depreciation, then the amount of additional capital decreases. If depreciation charges after revaluation decrease, then the value of other income increases.

Reflection of results in the accounting of NPOs

The results are carried out in accounting based on the result of the procedure - an additional assessment or markdown is made. If an additional valuation is charged for fixed assets, then its value refers to additional capital, if the markdown is to other expenses.

If a revaluation was previously carried out, then the revaluation is carried out as follows (clause 15 of PBU 6/01):

• with an additional estimate already accrued earlier, a new one is accounted for in additional capital;
• if there was a markdown during the previous period, then the revaluation carried out in the reporting period, the amount of which does not exceed the previous markdown recorded in other expenses, increases other income in the current reporting period, and the amount that exceeds the markdown is carried out on additional capital.

By analogy with markdown:

• in the presence of a previous decrease in PS, the current markdown is reflected in other expenses;
• in the case of an earlier increase in price, the current depreciation reduces the amount of additional capital, and the amount exceeding the previous revaluation is referred to other expenses.

Example

The revaluation of fixed assets was carried out in the organization for the first time. It was recorded that the initial price of the funds decreased, which was reflected on account 91 in the Russian currency - rubles. When re-evaluating for next year the revealed rise in the price of funds exceeded the last year's decrease in the price of fixed assets (thanks to the rise in price of property assets). The results will be reflected in accounting by postings:

Features for state employees

Budgetary institutions should conduct a reassessment according to a different regulation. The procedure for recalculating the cost by budgetary organizations is carried out in certain cases:

1. If there is an appropriate decision by the Government of the Russian Federation (clause 28 of Instruction No. 157n).
2. If the property asset is alienated not in favor of institutions belonging to the public sector (clauses 29, 30 of the Federal Standard No. 257n, clause 28 of Instruction No. 157n).

The rules and terms for procedures are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. Revaluation for budgetary institutions is regulated by a unified procedure, enshrined in the Orders of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia No. 25, the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 6n, the Ministry of Property of Russia No. 14, Goskomstat of Russia No. 7 dated 25.01.2003 (as amended on 02.10.2006).

The procedure is carried out as of the beginning of the new financial year (clause 28 of Instruction 157n). In the revaluation process, the book value and depreciation charges are recalculated for each asset.

Some asset categories are exceptions. For example, the specialists of the Gokhran RF overestimate the values ​​of the State Fund of the Russian Federation. In such cases, the assessed value of the State Fund's valuables is recalculated at prices and the official US dollar exchange rate current at the date of recalculation.

Exceptions include:

1. Fixed assets, which are the property of the treasury. They are revalued directly at the date of the transaction or budget reporting.
2. FAs alienated to the disadvantage of public sector entities. In this case, the carrying amount is adjusted to the fair value at the time of the revaluation.

To carry out a revaluation in a budgetary institution, it is necessary to determine the method of the procedure, and then fix it in the accounting policy of the organization (clause 41 of the Federal standard No. 257n, Methodological instructions for the Federal standard No. 257n). There are two ways to identify the overvalued value of a property:

1. Recalculation of accumulated depreciation charges is directly proportional to the change in the initial or book value of property objects. In this case, the result of the procedure should be the equality of the residual and revalued values.
2. The difference between the original or book value and the accumulated depreciation. The residual value must be brought up to the revalued value. In accounting, simultaneous entries are made to reduce the carrying amount of the asset by the amount of previously accrued depreciation charges (Кт 0 101 00 000) and to increase the residual value of the fund by the amount of revaluation to fair value (Дт 0 101 00 000).

After the results of the recalculation are carried out, depreciation should be charged for the remaining useful life of the object in accordance with the standards in force before the start of the procedure.

The procedure for registering a recount is similar to how a revaluation is carried out in commercial and non-commercial organizations. First, an order or order is drawn up, then it is approved by the management. The administrative documentation includes the following information (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 02-14-07 / 274 dated 02/08/2007):

• the composition of the commission and the regulations according to which it operates;
• the procedure for carrying out the procedure - the stages of the procedure, indicating the responsible employees;
• period of the event;
• terms of signing the final acts;
• a list of primary documentation and the rules for processing such documents.

The initial information is the accounting data of a budgetary institution and the results of an inventory carried out earlier. All data must be strictly consistent with each other.

After the recount is completed, the responsible employees draw up a final act, which will reflect the results of the procedure. The legislation does not provide for a unified form, therefore the organization has the right to develop the form on its own, using the standards from clause 25 of the Federal Standard No. 256n. The register must be approved in the accounting policy of the institution.

All supporting documents reflecting the final result are attached to the act.

Budget institution transactions

All transactions are reflected in the budgetary accounting separately, in strict accordance with the information provided in the accounting statement in the form 0504833.

The accounting records reflecting the results of the revaluation in the accounting are given in the table.

Revaluation tax accounting

The result of the revaluation of fixed assets does not refer to either income or expenses (clause 1 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The results of the revaluation are necessarily reflected in the accounting records, but when calculating income tax, this procedure is not taken into account (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 03-03-06 / 1/412 dated 07/08/2011, No. 03-03-06 / 1/544 dated 08.09.2011, No. 03-03-06 / 1/10621 dated 20.02.2018). In the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) there are no references to the recalculation of fixed assets.

The results of the procedure are reflected on account 83 "Additional capital" or on account 91, but neither the financial result nor the taxable base for income tax changes, which means that the accounted difference does not appear (PBU 18/02).

In case of revaluation or depreciation in accounting, the accrued depreciation is recalculated. With an increase in the depreciation amount in accounting, depreciation for tax accounting does not change. The accountant will need to carry out PNO every month - a permanent tax obligation (clauses 4, 7 of PBU 18/02).

A similar situation for tax accounting arises with markdowns. The difference between accounting and tax data is adjusted by monthly ITA - deferred tax assets, and the amount of the markdown itself is a permanent tax asset - PNA.

Revaluation is of key importance for property tax accounting. We remind you that from 01.01.2019 real estate objects in ownership, possession, use, disposal and received under a concession, which are recorded on the taxpayer's balance sheet, are subject to taxation on property tax (Articles 378, 378.1, 378.2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

When calculating property tax at the average annual value after the revaluation, the revalued value of the real estate fund will be used. If market price property increased after the procedure, the property tax paid also increases.

If the property tax is calculated according to cadastral value, then the amount of tax deductions will not change in any way regardless of the increase or decrease in the revalued value of the property.

The situation is similar with tax accounting in budgetary institutions. The results of the recalculation are not recognized as income or expenses, are not included in the cost of depreciable property and do not participate in the calculation of depreciation (clause 1 of article 257 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Ask questions, and we will supplement the article with answers and explanations!