Modern problems of nature conservation. Presentation on ecology on "Protection and Rational Use of Natural Resources" Protection of Natural Resources Presentation

Brevna 06.12.2020

Brevna

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

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Purpose: prove the relevance of the problem. Tasks: Find out the main sources of environmental pollution, ways to solve the problem of environmental pollution.

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Introduction: The environment of the natural environment serves as a condition and means of human life, the territory on which he lives, the spatial limit of the state authority, a place to accommodate industry, agriculture and other cultural and domestic facilities. A person affects the natural environment of his habitat not only by consuming its resources, but also changing the natural environment, adapting it to solve its practical, economic tasks. Because of this, human activity has a significant impact on the environment, exposing it to changes that then affect the person himself.

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Forms of human interaction with the environment: Economic is the consumption of nature by man, the use of nature to meet the person of its material and spiritual needs. Environmental is the protection of the environment in order to preserve a person as a biological and social organism and its natural habitat. Rational use of natural resources. The concept of "rational" is invested not only economic, but also to environmental content. In other words, rational is the economical, careful use of natural sources of natural raw materials, natural resources, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection.

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The negative activity of man in relation to the natural environment is manifested objectively in three interrelated forms: pollution of the environment. Depletion of natural resources. Destruction of the natural environment.

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Pollution. Environmental pollution is divided into several types: dust. Gas. Chemical (including soil contamination with chemicals). Aromatic. thermal (temperature change). And many others. The source of pollution of the environment is human activity (industry, agriculture, transport).

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Of all the types of pollution, you can highlight the main: the main types of pollution physical (thermal, noise, electromagnetic, light, radioactive) chemical (heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, etc. Chemicals) biological (biogenic, microbiological, genetic) information (information noise, False information, concern factors

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Environmental pollution. Basic sources of pollution. Basic harmful substances. Atmosphere Industry Transport Heat power plants Carbon oxides, sulfur, nitrogen Organic compounds Industrial dust. Hydrutheme waste water leakage of oil vehicle heavy metals oil oil oil products Lithosphere Waste industry and agriculture excessive use of plastic fertilizers Rubber Heavy metals

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The atmosphere (air medium), hydrosphere (water medium) and a lithosphere (solid surface) of the Earth are exposed to pollution.

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Exhausting natural resources: development of minerals to the degree of unprofitability of further development. Excess the pace and volumes of production over the ability of the natural resumption of renewable resources. It is the ferructure of forests, fish pass, re-falling and pasture failure, non-compliance with agrotechnical measures in the processing of soil and the depletion of their fertility, pollution of watercourses and water bodies with industrial waste so that they cannot be practically used, air pollution in large cities, etc. I. etc. It happens natural. For example, the rapid reproduction of the ondatra led in some areas to the extermination of its feeds and the death of the animal; The reproduction of the mink - to the disappearance of certain types of fish - its food, etc. With the development and progress of society, the use of natural resources is growing, so the problem of preventing this process arises.

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Nature Conservation This form is a reaction to the destructive activities of a person in the environment. In contrast to consumption, this is a conscious form of public and state activities aimed at preserving and reproducing natural resources. Being a secondary form of interaction between society and nature, the protection of nature arises and is improved as consumption and use of the natural environment. The protection appears and is improved where there is a threat to destroying the natural environment where nature occurs and develops.

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The rational use of natural resources into the concept of "rational" is invested not only economic, but also an environmental content. In other words, rational is the economical, careful use of natural sources of natural raw materials, natural resources, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection. Therefore, it is impossible to consider rational such careful, economical, efficient use of natural resources, which leaves a deep negative mark in the state of the environment. In the middle of the XX century (50-60s.) The problem of the rational use of natural resources as a form of nature conservation develops in defense, recovery of the environment of the environment. In contrast to the preceding forms, where natural objects and their resources were the direct security object, the protection of the environment, his life, his health, his genetic future, is improved here.

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The role of nature in the life of human society. For a person, as well as for any other biological species, nature - environment of life and the source of existence. As a biological species, a person needs a certain composition and pressure of atmospheric air, clean natural water with salts, plants and animals dissolved in it, earth.

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The influence of a man on nature. As a biological species, a person has its livelihood on the natural environment is no more than other living organisms. However, this influence is incomparably with the huge impact that humanity has in nature due to its work. The transforming effect of human society in nature is inevitable, it is intensified as society develops, increasing the number and mass of substances involved in the economic turnover.

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The influence of a man on nature. Man-made changes have now gained so large scale that they throzen the violation of the existing equilibrium and an obstacle to the further development of productive forces. For a long time, people looked at nature as an inexhaustible source of material benefits necessary for them. However, facing the negative consequences of their impact on nature, they gradually agreed to convincing the need for its rational use and protection.

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Protection of Nature. Nature Conservation is a system of scientifically based international, state and social measures aimed at rational use, reproduction and protection of natural resources, to protect the natural environment against pollution and destruction in the interests of existing and future generations of people.

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Protection of Nature. The main goal of nature protection is to support the dynamic equilibrium of natural natural processes, preserving the biological diversity of plants, animals, microorganisms that ensure favorable conditions for the life of these and subsequent generations of people. The progressive sustainable development of human society is impossible without rational nature management, which is called the set of all forms of exploitation of natural resources and effective measures to preserve and restore.

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Exhausted and inexhaustible natural resources. Naturally, due to the different historical stages of the development of human society, the problems of using natural resources and nature conservation are changing. A person is a relatively young resident of the Earth, he joined its ecological systems about 3.5 million years ago. Then the impact of people on the environment was insignificant due to their small numbers.

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Exhausted and inexhaustible natural resources. About 1.5 million years ago, the number of people did not exceed 500 thousand individuals. People naocked small groups, collecting edible plants, hunting animals, catching fish. Traces of their impact quickly smoothed by nature as soon as collectors, hunters and fishermen left the places of their parking lots. The first wolf was tamed, helped people to hunt animals, later there was a domestication of cattle, then horses.

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Exhausted and inexhaustible natural resources. Approximately 10-12 thousand years ago, in favorable conditions, people moved to a settled lifestyle and began to engage in agriculture. The initial phase of environmental transformation is related to the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. The increase in the transformative activity of human society associated with the development of industry continues at present.

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Exhausted and inexhaustible natural resources. So, in the first half of the XX century. Special concern caused very rapid depletion of natural resources and the possible death of humanity due to the complete exhaustion of ore deposits and oil. Now, the first place is put forward by threatening environmental pollution, violation of natural biocenoses, cutting down forests, soil erosion, the disappearance of rare animal and plants. Natural objects and phenomena that a person uses in the process of labor is called natural resources. These include atmospheric air, water, soil, minerals, solar radiation, climate, vegetation, animal world. By the degree of depletion, they are divided into exhausted and inexhaustible.

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Exhausted resources exhausted resources, in turn, are divided into renewable and non-repaid. Unfortunately refer to those resources that are not reborn or resume hundreds of times more slowly than they are spent. This includes oil, stone coal, metal ores and most other minerals. The reserves of these resources are limited, the protection of them is reduced to the careful spending. Renewable natural resources - soil, vegetation, animal world, as well as mineral salts such as glaublers and cooks, besieged in lakes and marine lagoons. These resources are constantly restored if the conditions necessary for this are preserved, and the speed of use does not exceed the pace of natural revival.

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Inexhaustible resources. Inexhaustible resources include water, climatic and space. General stocks of water on the planet are inexhaustible. The base of them is the salted waters of the ocean, but they are still small. In the hotel areas of water, seas and oceans are polluted by oil, waste of household and industrial enterprises, removal from fertilizer fields and pesticides, which worsens the habitat conditions of marine plants and animals. Freshwater required for humans - exhausted natural resource. The problem of fresh water every year is exacerbated due to the crime of rivers and lakes, an increase in water consumption on irrigation and the needs of industry, water pollution by industrial and household waste.

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Principles and rules for the protection of nature. Economic activity is in nature numerous changes, the consequences of which you need to be able to predict. In the process of long-term use of natural resources, general principles and rules for the rational use and protection of nature were developed.

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Principles and rules for the protection of nature. The first principle is reduced to the fact that all the phenomena of nature have multiple value for a person and should be evaluated from different points of view. To each phenomenon, it is necessary to approach the interests of various industries and preserving the rehabilitation force of nature itself.

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Principles and rules for the protection of nature. The second principle consists in the need for strict accounting of local conditions when using and protecting the natural resource. It is called Regional Rule. This is especially true for the use of water and forest wealth.

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Principles and rules for the protection of nature. The third principle arising from the mutual relationship of objects and phenomena in nature is that the protection of one object means simultaneously protection and other objects, closely related to it.

Educational:
1. Create conditions for the formation and deepening of knowledge
students about natural resources, based on their various
classifications.
2. To form an idea of \u200b\u200bthe PAs, their species and meanings.
Developing:
1. Create conditions for the formation of mental operations:
Analysis, comparison, conclusion.
2. Create conditions for the formation of skills to work with
Computer programs.
Educational:
1. Create conditions for the formation of self-education skills
Based on independent activities.
2. Create conditions for the formation of ecological culture

Description of a person:
dependence, thirst for independence,
Many needs
French mathematician and philosopher XVII century
Pascal Blaz

People have long known that
destroy
disadvantageous
dependent on nature.
Why are they doing that?

Environment is
A combination of natural conditions.
Natural Resources - Components
Nature that are used
or can be used in
economic activity
man.

Types of natural resources

Mineral (fossil);
Land;
Climatic;
Water;
Biological;
Space.

Distribute natural resources into groups
1
4
3
2
5
6

Natural
resources
Exhausable
inexhaustible

Exhausable
resources
Renewable
Non-renovable

Exhausable
resources
Renewable
Non-renovable
Potentially
Renewable

Information for thinking

Biological resources permanently
restore if you save
necessary conditions for this, and speed
use does not exceed the pace
natural rebirth (animals -
some years; Forests - 60-80 years; soil
lost fertility - several
millennium).
Excess spending rate
reproduction speed leads to
depletion or complete disappearance
Resource

Practical work: description of the features of various types of protected

Objectives:
To identify and characterize the types of POPT.
Get acquainted with OPT Khabarovsk Territory.
Continue to form working skills with various sources
information.
Equipment: Instructive Cards, Computer, Tutorials ??????
Progress:
1. Get acquainted with the training material about POPT on page ??? textbook
"Geography of Russia" and the geography of the Khabarovsk Territory.
2. Examine the material about the PAs submitted in the "Protection of Nature" folder,
Located on the disk of S.
3. Find and read the data on POPT Khabarovsk Territory on the site
Government of the Khabarovsk Territory in the Internet.
4. Fill in table:
5. Explain what kind of POPT is able to get the best results in
Correction of nature? Why?

I've done the work:
OPT types
Reserve
Biosphere
reserve
Reserve
National
the park
Monument
Nature.
What tasks are solved
What economic
Activities are permitted
Examples

Types of environmental management

1Sign the scheme "Types of Environment" (p.222) 2 What scientists have formed the foundations of environmental management? rational is irrational

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Alternative energy sources:

Inner heat of land; Wind; The sun; Tides and foals; Surf; Flows.

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Protect nature - it means to protect the homeland. M.M. Prishvin

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Protected areas

These are plots of land, water surface, airspace over them, where PCs are located and objects having a special environmental, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health importance. A special regime of nature is established, seized from economic activity.

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Fill out the scheme:

Specially Protected Territories Reserves National Parks Reserves of the Chelyabinsk Region

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The Red Book of Russia

We must save them! Amur Tiger Apollo Berkut Exhaust Mandarin Snow Bars Bison

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Ilmensky State Reserve

Ilmensky State Reserve. V.I. Lenin of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is the only mineralogical reserve in the world. Created in 1920, as indicated on the decree of the Council of People's Commissars: "In view of the exclusive scientific significance of the Ilmen Mountains in the Southern Urals, Miass ...". On the territory of the reserve the subsoil and the whole complex of wildlife are under protection, their study is being conducted. On the territory of the reserve, scientific expeditions of the Russian Academy of Sciences are working annually, specialists from other countries are practiced by students of Russian universities. The uniqueness of the subsoil and wildlife is built by the Ilmensky Reserve to the status of national heritage. Old building

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"Mineralogical Paradise", "Mecca Mineralogs of the Total World", "Natural Museum of Mineralogical Objects", "Reference Mineralogical Object" - What epithets not allowed Ilmen to ... Indeed, the mineral world of Ilman is extremely diverse, which is due to a long history of the development of this section of the earth bark (2 billion years) and the complexity of its geological structure. The most interesting mineralogical objects are opened by small mining developments, which are called specks. spear amazonite corundum turmaline

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Biological diversity Ilman. It is peculiar vegetable and animal peace of the reserve. This originality is determined by the position of it on the border of the mountain and taiga zone (from the west) and the forest-steppe (from the east). Flora and fauna includes a lot of rare plants and animal species, as well as endemics Bolotnaya owl Mahar Bashmock

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National Parkachelinsk region.

Taganay Zyuratkul

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Arkim

Arkim is an architectural monument to Arkim Arkim (Arkayyom), Archaeol. A complex, which includes a fortified settlement and an adjacent economic platform, a burial ground, a number of unreasted selers. Name "BUT." (Perhaps from the Turk. (Bash.) "Arka" ("Arka") - "Range", "Spin", "Basis") is given by the name of the hills and arugation. The complex is located in the Chelyabinsk region, (for terr. East. Bashkortostan), on the R. B. Karaganka, and its lion. The influx of R. Atyaganka, in the foothill valley in the Vost. The slopes of the Ural Mountains. Monument dates back to the 2nd quarter of the 2nd mil. BC. (17-16 centuries. BC). Radio carbon dates - 3600-3900 years ago. The complex is examined since 1987 Archaeol. The expedition of the Chelyabinsk UN-TA under the leadership of G. B. Zdanovich.

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Monuments of the Naturechelinsky region.

Turgoyak Uvildy

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Home tasks Give specific examples of environmental impact on different sides of human life? One of the principles of rational nature management reads: "Neither a separate person nor society nor science has the right to continually increase the share of exhausted resources." Think what sense is invested in these words. Are there types of protected areas in the Chelyabinsk region? What components of nature are in them under guard?

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